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Tammy Cook University of Wisconsin River Falls

Introduction

What is the program?


Jeffreys-Bullen Table
JavaScript + HTML

Why is it useful?
Travel times Epicentral Distance Geological significance

Why I picked it?

Overview

Background
Seismology Programming

Methods
Programming Logic Data & Calculations Debugging

Results Discussion Conclusion

Seismology Background
Unidentified Earthquake Onsets (UEOs) Body waves

Primary and Secondary

Seismic phases
Reflections & refractions off the Earths surface,

outer core, & inner core.

http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeolog y/hazards/earthquakes/images/dia_seis mogram.jpg

Focus of Earthquake

PcP

SS SSS PKiKP

Inner Core

PKIKP
Outer Core

Lower Mantle

Crust

Phases Chosen P S PP SS PPP SSS PS PPS SSP PcS PcP

PKS PP

Upper Mantle

PPP

Seismology Background

Epicentral Distance (ED):


Epicentral Distance

Epicenter

Station

Focal Depth (d)

Focus

Programming Background

JavaScript Calculation Part


Variables
If Statements For Loops

Arrays

HTML Web Design


Form Elements

Images

Methods: The Logic Behind Programming

Inputs
Earthquake and seismic station latitudes

and longitudes (DD) Focal depth (km)

Outputs
Travel times for phases (s) ED (degrees)

Inputs + Messy Middle = Outputs


Messy Middle = JavaScript Function

Methods: The Messy Middle

Data
Using Excel to create electronic JB tables Interpolating Allowances Note: No extrapolation was done Focal depth conversion

Calculations
ED: Spherical law of cosines Picking the phase arrays Travel times: Double interpolation of JB

arrays

JB Table Example: PcS

A section demonstrating how to calculate the allowance values for PcS. The far left column is the dt/d values so we can use PcP allowance table. The bold values are what was given from the JB allowance table. The rest of the values are interpolated. This section shows ED from 0-16 degrees and focal depth (d) from 33-380.28km.

JB Table Example: PcS

This is the same section showing the PcS corrections from Table 1 being subtracted from the travel time for the surface condition (0.00) in this table.

Focal Depth Conversion

JB allowance tables show focal depth as fractions of the Earths radius below continental crust
Surface, 0.00, 0.01, to 0.12 0.00 is given to be the average depth of the

continental crust given to be 33km (Jeffreys and Bullen, 1967)

The rest of the values 0.01-0.12 are calculated as fractions of the remaining radius which is 6338km. Thus: 0.00km, 33km, 63.38km, 126.76km .

Epicentral Distance

Spherical law of cosines


cos c = (cos a cos b) + (sin a sin b cos c)

ED = (Math.acos((Math.cos(Math.PI/2(Q1*Math.PI/180))*Math.cos(Math.PI/2(S1*Math.PI/180)))+(Math.sin(Math.PI/2(Q1*Math.PI/180))*Math.sin(Math.PI/2(S1*Math.PI/180))*Math.cos(Math.abs(Q2S2)*Math.PI/180)))*180)/Math.PI; Q1 & S1 = latitudes of the earthquake and station, while Q2 & S2 = longitudes. Math.PI/180 Converting degrees to radians

Picking the Phase Arrays

Double Interpolation

tk = (((dl-d)*(EDl-ED))/((dl-ds)*(EDl-EDs)))*t1 + (((d-ds)*(EDl-ED))/((dl-ds)*(EDl-EDs)))*t4 + (((dld)*(ED-EDs))/((dl-ds)*(EDl-EDs)))*t2 + (((dds)*(ED-EDs))/((dl-ds)*(EDl-EDs)))*t3


tk: travel time, l: larger #, s: smaller #

Input: d, Calculated earlier: ED

Debugging

Programs used:
Eclipse Editing code
Firefox + Firebug Firefox: Running code Firebug: Actual debugging
Breakpoints Calling functions

Putting safeguards in code

Results

http://www.uwrf.edu/PES/Geology/EDPT T_Calculator.cfm

http://www.isc.ac.uk/registries/

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/

Discussion

Limits of Program
JavaScript variable precision
No extrapolation of allowance tables Using patterns in tables

Possible Additions
More seismic phases: PKiKP, PKP, SKS, etc Seismogram

Additional cosmetics to webpage

Conclusion

ED & Travel Time Calculator


Shorten time of manual calculations

Available to UWRF students as a learning tool Available to other institutions for use

Acknowledgements
Dr. Ian Williams Peter Reese of DoTs

Sources

Bullen, K.E., and Bolt, B.A., 1985, An introduction to the theory of seismology: Cambridge University Press, 4th ed., p. 256. Jeffreys, H., and Bullen, K.E., 1967, Seismological Tables: London office of the British Association Burlington House, W.1 Jennrich, A., 2003, Jbsim: A computer simulation. Raymond, J., 2012, Bilinear Interpolation Equation Formula Calculator: http://www.ajdesigner.com/phpinterpolation/bilinear_interp olation_equation.php (accessed November 2012).

Questions??

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