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Introduction
Why is it useful?
Travel times Epicentral Distance Geological significance
Overview
Background
Seismology Programming
Methods
Programming Logic Data & Calculations Debugging
Seismology Background
Unidentified Earthquake Onsets (UEOs) Body waves
Seismic phases
Reflections & refractions off the Earths surface,
Focus of Earthquake
PcP
SS SSS PKiKP
Inner Core
PKIKP
Outer Core
Lower Mantle
Crust
PKS PP
Upper Mantle
PPP
Seismology Background
Epicenter
Station
Focus
Programming Background
Arrays
Images
Inputs
Earthquake and seismic station latitudes
Outputs
Travel times for phases (s) ED (degrees)
Data
Using Excel to create electronic JB tables Interpolating Allowances Note: No extrapolation was done Focal depth conversion
Calculations
ED: Spherical law of cosines Picking the phase arrays Travel times: Double interpolation of JB
arrays
A section demonstrating how to calculate the allowance values for PcS. The far left column is the dt/d values so we can use PcP allowance table. The bold values are what was given from the JB allowance table. The rest of the values are interpolated. This section shows ED from 0-16 degrees and focal depth (d) from 33-380.28km.
This is the same section showing the PcS corrections from Table 1 being subtracted from the travel time for the surface condition (0.00) in this table.
JB allowance tables show focal depth as fractions of the Earths radius below continental crust
Surface, 0.00, 0.01, to 0.12 0.00 is given to be the average depth of the
The rest of the values 0.01-0.12 are calculated as fractions of the remaining radius which is 6338km. Thus: 0.00km, 33km, 63.38km, 126.76km .
Epicentral Distance
ED = (Math.acos((Math.cos(Math.PI/2(Q1*Math.PI/180))*Math.cos(Math.PI/2(S1*Math.PI/180)))+(Math.sin(Math.PI/2(Q1*Math.PI/180))*Math.sin(Math.PI/2(S1*Math.PI/180))*Math.cos(Math.abs(Q2S2)*Math.PI/180)))*180)/Math.PI; Q1 & S1 = latitudes of the earthquake and station, while Q2 & S2 = longitudes. Math.PI/180 Converting degrees to radians
Double Interpolation
Debugging
Programs used:
Eclipse Editing code
Firefox + Firebug Firefox: Running code Firebug: Actual debugging
Breakpoints Calling functions
Results
http://www.uwrf.edu/PES/Geology/EDPT T_Calculator.cfm
http://www.isc.ac.uk/registries/
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/
Discussion
Limits of Program
JavaScript variable precision
No extrapolation of allowance tables Using patterns in tables
Possible Additions
More seismic phases: PKiKP, PKP, SKS, etc Seismogram
Conclusion
Available to UWRF students as a learning tool Available to other institutions for use
Acknowledgements
Dr. Ian Williams Peter Reese of DoTs
Sources
Bullen, K.E., and Bolt, B.A., 1985, An introduction to the theory of seismology: Cambridge University Press, 4th ed., p. 256. Jeffreys, H., and Bullen, K.E., 1967, Seismological Tables: London office of the British Association Burlington House, W.1 Jennrich, A., 2003, Jbsim: A computer simulation. Raymond, J., 2012, Bilinear Interpolation Equation Formula Calculator: http://www.ajdesigner.com/phpinterpolation/bilinear_interp olation_equation.php (accessed November 2012).
Questions??