cng n tp ton 8

I. L thuyt:
A. i s:
1) Hc thuc cc quy tc nhn,chia
n thc vi n thc,n thc
vi a thc,php chia hai a thc 1
bin.
2) Nm vng v vn dng c 7
hng ng thc - cc phng php
phn tch a thc thnh nhn t.
3) Nu tnh cht c bn ca phn
thc,cc quy tc i du - quy tc
rt gn phn thc,tm mu thc
chung,quy ng mu thc.
4) Hc thuc cc quy tc:
cng,tr,nhn,chia cc phn thc
i s.
B. Hnh hc:
1) nh ngha t gic,t gic
li,tng cc gc ca t gic.
2) Nu nh ngha,tnh cht,du
hiu nhn bit ca hnh
thang,hnh than cn, hnh thang
vung,hnh ch nht,hnh bnh
hnh,hnh thoi, hnh vung .
3) Cc nh l v ng trung
bnh ca tam gic,ca hnh thang.
4) Nu nh ngha hai im i
xng,hai hnh i xng qua 1 -
ng thng; Hai im i xng,hai
hnh i xng qua 1 im,hnh
c trc i xng,hnh c tm i
xng.
5) Tnh cht ca cc im cch
u 1 ng thnh cho trc.
6) nh ngha a gic u,a
gic li,vit cng thc tnh din
tch ca: hnh ch nht,hnh
vung,tam gic,hnh thang,hnh
bnh hnh,hnh thoi.
II. Bi tp:
A. i s:
1/ Thc hin cc php tnh sau:
a) (2x - y)(4x
2
- 2xy + y
2
)
b) (6x
5
y
2
- 9x
4
y
3
+ 15x
3
y
4
): 3x
3
y
2
c) (2x
3
- 21x
2
+ 67x - 60): (x - 5)
d) (x
4
+ 2x
3
+x - 25):(x
2
+5)
e) (27x
3
- 8): (6x + 9x
2
+ 4)
2/ Rt gn cc biu thc sau:
a) (x + y)
2
- (x - y)
2

b) (a + b)
3
+ (a - b)
3
- 2a
3
c) 9
8
.2
8
- (18
4
- 1)(18
4
+ 1)
3/ Chng minh biu thc sau khng
ph thuc vo bin x,y
A= (3x - 5)(2x + 11) - (2x + 3)(3x +
7) B = (2x + 3)(4x
2
- 6x +
9) - 2(4x
3
- 1)
C = (x - 1)
3
- (x + 1)
3
+ 6(x + 1)(x -
1)
4/ Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh
nhn t:
a) x
2
- y
2
- 2x + 2y b)2x + 2y
- x
2
- xy c) 3a
2
- 6ab + 3b
2
-
12c
2
d)x
2
- 25 + y
2
+ 2xy
e) a
2
+ 2ab + b
2
- ac - bc f)x
2
- 2x -
4y
2
- 4y g) x
2
y - x
3
- 9y + 9x
h)x
2
(x-1) + 16(1- x)
n) 81x
2
- 6yz - 9y
2
- z
2
m)xz-yz-
x
2
+2xy-y
2
p) x
2
+ 8x + 15
k) x
2
- x - 12
l) 81x
2
+ 4
5/ Tm x bit:
a) 2x(x-5)-x(3+2x)=26 b) 5x(x-1)
= x-1 c) 2(x+5) - x
2
-5x
= 0 d) (2x-3)
2
-(x+5)
2
=0
e) 3x
3
- 48x = 0 f) x
3
+ x
2
-
4x = 4
6/ Chng minh rng biu thc:
A = x(x - 6) + 10 lun lun dng vi
mi x.
B = x
2
- 2x + 9y
2
- 6y + 3
7/ Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu
thc A,B,C v gi tr ln nht ca
biu thc D,E:
A = x
2
- 4x + 1 B = 4x
2
+
4x + 11 C = (x -1)(x + 3)
(x + 2)(x + 6)
D = 5 - 8x - x
2
E = 4x - x
2

+1
8/ Xc nh a a thc: x
3
+ x
2

+ a - x chia ht cho(x + 1)
2
9/ Cho cc phn thc sau:
A =
) 2 )( 3 (
6 2
+
+
x x
x
B =
9 6
9
2
2
+

x x
x

C =
x x
x
4 3
16 9
2
2

D =
4 2
4 4
2
+
+ +
x
x x
E =
4
2
2
2

x
x x

F =
8
12 6 3
3
2

+ +
x
x x
a) Vi Iu kin no ca x th gi
tr ca cc phn thc trn xc
nh.
b)Tm x gi tr ca cc pthc
trn bng 0.
c)Rt gn phn thc trn.
10) Thc hin cc php tnh sau:
a)
6 2
1
+
+
x
x
+
x x
x
3
3 2
2
+
+
b)
6 2
3
+ x
x x
x
6 2
6
2
+

c)
y x
x
2
+
y x
x
2 +
+
2 2
4
4
x y
xy

d)
2 3
1
x
2
9 4
6 3
2 3
1
x
x
x

+

11/ Chng minh rng:
a) 5
2005
+ 5
2003
chia ht cho 13
b) b) a
2
+ b
2
+ 1 ab + a + b
c) Cho a + b + c = 0. chng
minh:
a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
= 3abc
12/ a) Tm gi tr ca a,b bit:
a
2
- 2a + 6b + b
2
= -10
b) Tnh gi tr ca biu thc;
A =
x
z y
y
z x
z
y x +
+
+
+
+
nu
0
1 1 1
+ +
z y x
13/ Rt gn biu thc:
A =
1
]
1

+ +
2 2 2 2
1
2
1
y x y xy x
:
2 2
4
x y
xy

14) Chng minh ng thc:

1
]
1

,
_

+
+
1
3
1
1
2
3
2
x
x
x
x x
:
1
2 1

x
x
x
x
II. Hnh hc:
1/ Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c
BC = 2AB v gc A = 60
0
. Gi E,F
theo th t l trung Im ca BC
v AD.
a) T gic ECDF l hnh g?
b) T gic ABED l hnh g? V
sao ?
c) Tnh s o ca gc AED.
2/ Cho ABC. Gi M,N ln lt l trung
im ca BC,AC. Gi H l im
i xng ca N qua M.
a) C/m t gic BNCH v ABHN l
hbh.
b) ABC tha mn iu kin g
th t gic BCNH l hnh ch nht.
3/ Cho t gic ABCD. Gi O l giao
im ca 2 ng cho ( khng
vung gc),I v K ln lt l trung
im ca BC v CD. Gi M v N
theo th t l im i xng ca
im O qua tm I v K.
a) C/mrng t gic BMND l hnh
bnh hnh.
b) Vi iu kin no ca hai ng
cho AC v BD th t gic BMND l
hnh ch nht.
c) Chng minh 3 im M,C,N
thng hng.
4/ Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Gi
E v F ln lt l trung im ca AD
v BC. ng cho AC ct cc on
thng BE v DF theo th t ti P v
Q.
a) C/m t gic BEDF l hnh bnh
hnh.
b) Chng minh AP = PQ = QC.
c) Gi R l trung im ca BP.
Chng minh t gic ARQE l hnh
bnh hnh.
5/ Cho t gic ABCD. Gi M,N,P,Q
ln lt l trung im ca
AB,BC,CD,DA.
a) T gic MNPQ l hnh g? V
sao?
b) Tm iu kin ca t gic ABCD
t gic MNPQ l hnh vung?
c) Vi iu kin cu b) hy tnh t
s din tch ca t gic ABCD v
MNPQ
6/ Cho ABC,cc ng cao BH v CK
ct nhau ti E. Qua B k ng
thng Bx vung gc vi AB. Qua C
k ng thng Cy vung gc vi AC.
Hai ng thng Bx v Cy ct nhau
ti D.
a) C/m t gic BDCE l hnh bnh
hnh.
b) Gi M l trung im ca BC.
Chng minh M cng l trung im
ca ED.
c) ABC phi tha mn /kin g
th DE i qua A
7/ Cho hnh thang cn ABCD
(AB//CD),E l trung im ca AB.
a) C/m EDC cn
b) Gi I,K,M theo th t l trung
im ca BC,CD,DA. Tg EIKM l
hnh g? V sao?
c) Tnh S ABCD,SEIKM bit EK = 4,IM =
6.
8/ Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. E,F
ln lt l trung im ca AB v CD.
a) T gic DEBF l hnh g? V
sao?
b) C/m 3 ng thng AC,BD,EF
ng qui.
c) Gi giao im ca AC vi DE v
BF theo th t l M v N. Chng
minh t gic EMFN l hnh bnh
hnh.
d) Tnh SEMFN khi bit AC = a,BC =
b.
Mt s bi tp trc nghim
1) Chn biu thc ct A vi mt
biu thc ct B c ng thc
ng
Ct A Ct B
1/ 2x - 1 - x
2
a) x
2
- 9
2/ (x - 3)(x + 3) b) (x -1)(x
2
+
x + 1)
3/ x
3
+ 1 c) x
3
- 3x
2
+
3x - 1
4/ (x - 1)
3
d) -(x - 1)
2
e) (x + 1)(x
2
-
x + 1)
2)Kt qu ca php tnh
2 2
299 301
12000

l:
A. 1 B. 10 C. 100
D. 1000
3)Phn thc
1 8
4 8
3

x
x
c rut gn :
A.
1
4
2

x
B.
1
4
2
x
D.
1 2 4
4
2
+ + x x
4) biu thc
3
2
x
c gi tr
nguyn th gi tr ca x l
A. 1 B.1;2 C. 1;-2;4 D. 1;2;4;5
5)a thc 2x - 1 - x
2
c phn tch
thnh
A. (x-1)
2
B. -(x-1)
2
C. -(x+1)
2
D. (-x-1)
2
6)in biu thc thch hp vo
trng trong cc biu thc sau :
a/ x
2
+ 6xy + ..... = (x+3y)
2
b/
,
_

+ y x
2
1
(..........) =
8
8
3 3
y x +
c/ (8x
3
+ 1):(4x
2
- 2x+ 1) = ............
7)Tnh (x + 2y)
2
?
A. x
2
+ x +
4
1
B. x
2
+
4
1
C. x
2
-
4
1
D. x
2
- x +
4
1
8) Nghim ca phng trnh x
3
- 4x
= 0
A. 0 B. 0;2 C. -2;2 D. 0;-
2;2
9)Mt t gic l hnh vung nu n
l :
a- T gic c 3 gc vung
b- Hnh bnh hnh c mt gc
vung
c- Hnh thoi c mt gc vung
d- Hnh thang c hai gc vung
10)Trong cc hnh sau hnh no
khng c trc i xng :
A. Hnh thang cn B. Hnh
bnh hnh
C. Hnh ch nht C. Hnh
thoi
11)Trong cc hnh sau hnh no
khng c tm i xng :
A. Hnh thang cn B. Hnh
bnh hnh
C. Hnh ch nht C. Hnh
thoi
12)Cho MNP vung ti M ; MN =
4cm ; NP = 5cm. Din tch MNP
bng :
A. 6cm2 B. 12cm
2
C. 15cm
2

D.20cm
2
13)Hnh vung c -
ng cho bng 4dm th cnh bng :
A. 1dm B. 4dm C. 8 dm
D.
3
2
dm
14)Hnh thoi c hai ng cho
bng 6cm v 8cm th chu vi hnh
thoi bng
A. 20cm B. 48cm C. 28cm
D. 24cm
15)Hnh thang cn l :
A. Hnh thang c hai gc bng
nhau
B. Hnh thang c hai gc k mt
y bng nhau
C. Hnh thang c hai cnh bn bng
nhau