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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
Bi 1. Cho hm s y =
2
5
3
2
2
4
+ x
x
1. Kho st s bin thin v v thi (C) ca hm s.
2. Cho im M thuc (C) c honh x
M
= a. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti M, vi gi tr
no ca a th tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct (C) ti hai im phn bit khc M.
Gii.
2/ + V

,
_

+
2
5
3
2
; ) (
2
4
a
a
a M C M
.
Ta c: y = 2x
3
6x a a a y 6 2 ) ( '
3

Vy tip tuyn ca (C) ti M c phng trnh :
2
5
3
2
) )( 6 3 (
2
4
3
+ + a
a
a x a a y .
+ Xt pt : 0 ) 6 3 2 ( ) (
2
5
3
2
) )( 6 3 (
2
5
3
2
2 2 2 2
4
3 2
4
+ + + + + a ax x a x a
a
a x a a x
x

+ +

0 6 3 2 ) (
2 2
a ax x x g
a x
YCBT khi pt g(x) = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit khc a

'

t
>

'

>

'

>

1
3 | |
1
0 3
0 ) (
0 '
2
2
a
a
a
a
a g
Bi 2. Cho hm s
1

x
x
y
(C).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v thi (C) ca hm s.
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th (C), bit rng khong cch t tm i xng ca th (C)
n tip tuyn l ln nht.
Gii.
2/ Gi s
) ( )
1
; (
0
0
0
C
x
x
x M

m tip tuyn vi th ti c khong cch t tm i xng n tip


tuyn l ln nht.
Phng trnh tip tuyn ti M c dng :
0
0 2
0 0
1
( )
( 1) 1
x
y x x
x x
+

2
0
2 2
0 0
1
0
( 1) ( 1)
x
x y
x x
+

Ta c d(I ;tt) =
4
0
0
) 1 (
1
1
1
2

x
x
.t t =
1
1
0
x
> 0
Xt hm s f(t)
4
2
( 0)
1
t
t
t
>
+
1
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
ta c f(t) =
2
4 4
(1 )(1 )(1 )
(1 ) 1
t t t
t t
+ +
+ +
t 0 1 +
f(t) = 0 khi t = 1 f(t) + 0 -
Bng bin thin
t bng bin thin ta c f(t) 2
d(I ;tt) ln nht khi v
ch khi t = 1 hay
0
0
0
2
1 1
0
x
x
x

+ Vi x
0
= 0 ta c tip tuyn l y = -x
+ Vi x
0
= 2 ta c tip tuyn l y = -x+4
Bi 3. Cho hm s
2 4

1
x
y
x

+
.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Tm trn th (C) hai im i xng nhau qua ng thng MN bit M(-3; 0) v N(-1; -1).
Gii.
2. Gi 2 im cn tm l A, B c
6 6
; 2 ; ; 2 ; , 1
1 1
A a B b a b
a b
_ _


+ +
, ,
Trung im I ca AB: I
2 2
;
2 1 1
a b a b
a b
+ _
+

+ +
,
Pt ng thng MN: x + 2y +3= 0
C :
. 0 AB MN
I MN


'

uuur uuuur
=>
0 (0; 4)
2 (2; 0)
a A
b B

>
' '


Bi 4. Cho hm s 3 4
2 4
+ x x y .
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th
) ( C
ca hm s cho.
2. Bin lun theo tham s k s nghim ca phng trnh
k
x x 3 3 4
2 4
+
.
Gii.
2. th hm s
3 4
2 4
+ x x y
gm phn nm pha trn Ox v i xng ca phn nm pha di Ox
qua Ox ca th (C);
k
y 3 l ng thng song song vi Ox. T ta c kt qu:
* 0 1 3 < < k
k
: phng trnh c 8 nghim,
* 0 1 3 k
k
: phng trnh c 6 nghim,
* 1 0 3 3 1 < < < < k
k
: phng trnh c 4 nghim,
* 1 3 3 k
k
: phng trnh c 3 nghim,
* 1 3 3 > > k
k
: phng trnh c 2 nghim.
Bi 5. Cho hm s
1
1 2
+

x
x
y

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s .
2. Tm ta im M sao cho khong cch t im
) 2 ; 1 ( I
ti tip tuyn
ca (C) ti M l ln nht .
Gii.
2. Nu
) (
1
3
2 ;
0
0
C
x
x M

,
_

th tip tuyn ti M c phng trnh


) (
) 1 (
3
1
3
2
0 2
0 0
x x
x x
y
+

+
+
hay 0 ) 1 ( 3 ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) ( 3
0
2
0 0
+ + x y x x x
2
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x
y
O
1
3
1 1
1
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
. Khong cch t
) 2 ; 1 ( I
ti tip tuyn l
( ) 2
0 2
0
4
0
0
4
0
0 0
) 1 (
) 1 (
9
6
) 1 ( 9
1 6
1 9
) 1 ( 3 ) 1 ( 3
+ +
+

+ +
+

+ +
+

x
x
x
x
x
x x
d
. Theo bt ng thc Csi
6 9 2 ) 1 (
) 1 (
9
2
0 2
0
+ +
+
x
x
, vy 6 d . Khong cch d ln nht bng 6 khi
( ) 3 1 3 1 ) 1 (
) 1 (
9
0
2
0
2
0 2
0
t + +
+
x x x
x
.
Vy c hai im M :
( ) 3 2 ; 3 1 + M
hoc
( ) 3 2 ; 3 1 + M
Bi 6. Cho hm s
1 x
2 x
y

+
(C)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (C).
2. Cho im A(0;a) .Xc nh a t A k c hai tip tuyn ti (C) sao cho
hai tip im tng ng nm v hai pha trc ox.
Gii.
2. Phng trnh tip tuyn qua A(0;a) c dng y=kx+a (1)
iu kin c hai tip tuyn qua A:

'

+
) 3 ( k
) 1 x (
3
) 2 ( a kx
1 x
2 x
2
c nghim 1 x
Thay (3) vo (2) v rt gn ta c: ) 4 ( 0 2 a x ) 2 a ( 2 x ) 1 a (
2
+ + +
(4) c 2 nghim 1 x l:

'

>

'

> +

2 a
1 a
0 6 a 3 '
0 3 ) 1 ( f
1 a
Honh tip im
2 1
x ; x
l nghim ca (4)
Tung tip im l
1 x
2 x
y
1
1
1

,
1 x
2 x
y
2
2
2

hai tip im nm v hai pha ca trc ox l:


0
) 2 x )( 1 x (
) 2 x )( 2 x (
0 y . y
2 1
2 1
2 1
<

+ +
<
3
2
a 0
3
6 a 9
0
1 ) x x ( x x
4 ) x x ( 2 x x
2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
> <

+
<
+ +
+ + +
Vy 1 a
3
2
< tho mn kin bi ton.
Bi 7. Cho hm s
1
.
1
x
y
x
+

1.Kho st s bin thin v v th ( ) C


ca hm s.
3
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
2.Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
1
.
1
x
m
x
+

Gii.
2. Hc sinh lp lun suy t th (C) sang th ( )
1
'
1
x
y C
x
+

.Hc sinh t v hnh


Suy ra p s
1; 1: m m < >
phng trnh c 2 nghim
1: m phng trnh c 1 nghim
1 1: m < phng trnh v nghim
Bi 8. Cho hm s
2x 3
y
x 2

c th (C).
1.Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (C)
2.Tm trn (C) nhng im M sao cho tip tuyn ti M ca (C) ct hai tim cn ca (C) ti A, B sao
cho AB ngn nht .
Gii.
Vy im M cn tm c ta
l : (2; 2)
Bi 9. Cho hm s y = x
3
3x
2
+2 (1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
2. Tm im M thuc ng thng y=3x-2 sao tng khong cch t M ti hai im cc tr nh nht.
Gii.
2. Gi ta im cc i l A(0;2), im cc tiu B(2;-2)
Xt biu thc P=3x-y-2
Thay ta im A(0;2)=>P=-4<0, thay ta im B(2;-2)=>P=6>0
Vy 2 im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha ca ng thng y=3x-2, MA+MB nh nht => 3
im A, M, B thng hng
Phng trnh ng thng AB: y= - 2x+2
Ta im M l nghim ca h:
4
3 2
5
2 2 2
5
x
y x
y x
y

' '
+

=>
4 2
;
5 5
M
_

,
Bi 10. Cho hm s
2 +

x
x m
y
c th l
) (
m
H
, vi
m
l tham s thc.
4
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2. Ly im
1
M m; 2
m 2
_
+

,
( ) C
. Ta c :
( )
( )
2
1
y' m
m 2

.
Tip tuyn (d) ti M c phng trnh :

( )
( )
2
1 1
y x m 2
m 2
m 2
+ +

Giao im ca (d) vi tim cn ng l :


2
A 2; 2
m 2
_
+

,
Giao im ca (d) vi tim cn ngang l : B(2m 2 ; 2)
Ta c : ( )
( )
2
2
2
1
AB 4 m 2 8
m 2
1
+ 1

1
]
. Du = xy ra khi m = 2
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho khi 1 m .
2. Tm m ng thng
0 1 2 2 : + y x d
ct
) (
m
H
ti hai im cng vi gc ta to thnh
mt tam gic c din tch l
.
8
3
S
Gii.
2. Honh giao im A, B ca d v
) (
m
H
l cc nghim ca phng trnh
2
1
2
+
+
+
x
x
m x
2 , 0 ) 1 ( 2 2
2
+ + x m x x (1)
Pt (1) c 2 nghim
2 1
, x x phn bit khc 2

'


<

'

+
>

2
16
17
0 ) 1 ( 2 2 ) 2 .( 2
0 16 17
2
m
m
m
m
.
Ta c
. 16 17 .
2
2
4 ) ( . 2 ) ( . 2 ) ( ) (
2 1
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 2
m x x x x x x y y x x AB + +
Khong cch t gc ta O n d l
.
2 2
1
h
Suy ra ,
2
1
8
3
16 17 .
2
2
.
2 2
1
.
2
1
. .
2
1

m m AB h S
OAB
tha mn.
Bi 11. Cho hm s
3
5
) 2 3 ( ) 1 (
3
2
2 3
+ + x m x m x y
c th
), (
m
C
m l tham s.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho khi . 2 m
2. Tm m trn
) (
m
C
c hai im phn bit
) ; ( ), ; (
2 2 2 1 1 1
y x M y x M
tha mn
0 .
2 1
> x x
v
tip tuyn ca
) (
m
C
ti mi im vung gc vi ng thng
. 0 1 3 : + y x d
Gii.
2. Ta c h s gc ca
0 1 3 : + y x d
l
3
1

d
k
. Do
2 1
, x x
l cc nghim ca phng trnh
3 ' y
, hay
3 2 3 ) 1 ( 2 2
2
+ + m x m x
0 1 3 ) 1 ( 2 2
2
m x m x (1)
Yu cu bi ton

phng trnh (1) c hai nghim


2 1
, x x
tha mn
0 .
2 1
> x x

< <
<

'

>

> + +

.
3
1
1
3
0
2
1 3
0 ) 1 3 ( 2 ) 1 ( '
2
m
m
m
m m
Vy kt qu ca bi ton l 3 < m v
.
3
1
1 < < m
5
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O
1 1
y
2
1

2
3
2
1
x
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
Bi 12. Cho hm s .
2
3
4 2
2 4
+ x x y
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho.
2. Tm m phng trnh sau c ng 8 nghim thc phn bit
.
2
1
|
2
3
4 2 |
2 2 4
+ + m m x x
Gii.
2. Phng trnh
2
1
|
2
3
4 2 |
2 2 4
+ + m m x x
c 8 nghim phn bit ng thng
2
1
2
+ m m y

ct th hm s
|
2
3
4 2 |
2 4
+ x x y
ti 8 im phn bit.
th
|
2
3
4 2 |
2 4
+ x x y
gm phn (C) pha trn trc Ox v i xng phn (C) pha di trc Ox
qua Ox.
T th suy ra yu cu bi ton
2
1
2
1
0
2
< + < m m
. 1 0 0
2
< < < m m m
Bi 13. Cho hm s m x x m x y + + 9 ) 1 ( 3
2 3
, vi
m
l tham s thc.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho ng vi 1 m .
2. Xc nh
m
hm s cho t cc tr ti
2 1
, x x
sao cho
2
2 1
x x
.
Gii.
2. Ta c . 9 ) 1 ( 6 3 '
2
+ + x m x y
+) Hm s t cc i, cc tiu ti
2 1
, x x
phng trnh
0 ' y
c hai nghim pb l
2 1
, x x
Pt 0 3 ) 1 ( 2
2
+ + x m x c hai nghim phn bit l
2 1
, x x .

<
+ >
> +
3 1
3 1
0 3 ) 1 ( '
2
m
m
m
) 1 (
+) Theo nh l Viet ta c . 3 ); 1 ( 2
2 1 2 1
+ + x x m x x Khi
( ) ( ) 4 12 1 4 4 4 2
2
2 1
2
2 1 2 1
+ + m x x x x x x
) 2 ( 1 3 4 ) 1 (
2
+ m m
T (1) v (2) suy ra gi tr ca m l 3 1 3 < m v . 1 3 1 < + m
Bi 14. Cho hm s 2 ) 2 ( ) 2 1 (
2 3
+ + + + m x m x m x y (1) m l tham s.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) vi m=2.
2. Tm tham s m th ca hm s (1) c tip tuyn to vi ng thng d:
0 7 + + y x
gc

,
bit
26
1
cos
.
Gii.
2. Gi k l h s gc ca tip tuyn

tip tuyn c vct php ) 1 ; (


1
k n
d: c vct php ) 1 ; 1 (
2
n
Ta c

+
+


3
2
2
3
0 12 26 12
1 2
1
26
1
.
cos
2
1
2
2
2 1
2 1
k
k
k k
k
k
n n
n n

6
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
Yu cu ca bi ton tha mn t nht mt trong hai phng trnh:
1
/
k y (1) v
2
/
k y (2) c
nghim x

+ +
+ +
3
2
2 ) 2 1 ( 2 3
2
3
2 ) 2 1 ( 2 3
2
2
m x m x
m x m x



0
0
2
/
1
/



0 3 4
0 1 2 8
2
2
m m
m m



1 ;
4
3
2
1
;
4
1
m m
m m

4
1
m
hoc
2
1
m
Bi 15. Cho hm s y =
2
2
x
x
(C)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (C).
2. Tm m ng thng (d ): y = x + m ct th (C) ti 2 im phn bit thuc 2 nhnh khc
nhau ca th sao cho khong cch gia 2 im l nh nht. Tm gi tr nh nht .
Gii.
2. (d) ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit th pt
2
2
x
x m
x
+

hay x
2
+ (m - 4)x -2x = 0 (1) c 2 nghim phn
bit khc 2. Phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 2 khi v ch khi
2
16
4 0
m
m
+

'

(2).
Gi s A(x
1
;y
1
), B(x
2
;y
2
) l 2 giao im khi x
1
, x
2
l 2 nghim phng trnh (1). Theo nh l viet ta
c
1 2
1 2
4
(3)
2
x x m
x x m
+
'

, y
1
=x
1
+m, y
2
=x
2
+m
A, B thuc 2 nhnh khc nhau ca th th A, B nm khc pha i vi t x 2 = 0. A, B nm khc
pha i vi t x 2 = 0 khi v ch khi (x
1
- 2)(x
2
- 2) < 0 hay
x
1
x
2
2(x
1
+ x
2
) +4 < 0 (4) thay (3) vo 4 ta c 4 < 0 lun ng (5)
mt khc ta li c AB =
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
( ) ( ) 2( ) 8 x x y y x x x x + + (6)
thay (3) vo (6) ta c AB =
2
2 32 32 m +
vy AB = 32 nh nht khi m = 0 (7). T (1), (5), (7)
ta c m = 0 tho mn .
Bi 16.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca ham s
2 1
1
x
y
x

2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit khong cch t im I(1;2) n tip tuyn bng 2 .
Gii.
2. Tip tuyn ca (C) ti im
0 0
( ; ( )) ( ) M x f x C
c phng trnh

0 0 0
'( )( ) ( ) y f x x x f x +
Hay
2 2
0 0 0
( 1) 2 2 1 0 x x y x x + + (*)
*Khong cch t im I(1;2) n tip tuyn (*) bng 2

0
4
0
2 2
2
1 ( 1)
x
x


+

gii c nghim
0
0 x
v
0
2 x
*Cc tip tuyn cn tm :
1 0 x y +
v
5 0 x y +
7
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c nghim
c nghim
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
Bi 17. Cho hm s y = - x
3
+ 3mx
2
-3m 1.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.
2. Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s c cc i, cc tiu. Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s c
im cc i, im cc tiu i xng vi nhau qua ng thng d: x + 8y 74 = 0.
Gii.
2. Ta c y = - 3x
2
+ 6mx ; y = 0 x = 0 v x = 2m.
Hm s c cc i , cc tiu phng trnh y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit m 0.
Hai im cc tr l A(0; - 3m - 1) ; B(2m; 4m
3
3m 1)
Trung im I ca on thng AB l I(m ; 2m
3
3m 1)
Vect
3
(2 ; 4 ) AB m m
uuur
; Mt vect ch phng ca ng thng d l (8; 1) u
r
.
Hai im cc i , cc tiu A v B i xng vi nhau qua ng thng d
I d
AB d

'


3
8(2 3 1) 74 0
. 0
m m m
ABu
+

'

uuur r m = 2
Bi 18. Cho hm s 1 3
3
+ x x y (1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1).
2. nh m phng trnh sau c 4 nghim thc phn bit:
m m x x 3 3
3
3


Gii.
2. Phng trnh cho l phng trnh honh giao im gia th
(C) ca hm s:
1 3
3
+ x x y
v ng thng (d): 1 3
3
+ m m y
((d) cng phng vi trc honh)
Xt hm s:
1 3
3
+ x x y
, ta c:
+ Hm s l mt hm chn nn (C) nhn trc Oy lm trc i xng,
ng thi 0 x > th
3 3
3 1 3 1 y x x x x + +
+ Da vo th (C) ta suy ra iu kin ca m phng trnh cho c 4 nghim phn bit l:
3
3
3
2 3
3 0
1 3 1 1
0 3
3 2 0
1
m
m m
m m
m
m m
m

< <

<

< + <

' < <
'
+ >

Bi 19. Cho hm s
3
1
x
y
x

+
c th l (C)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s.
2) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s, bit tip tuyn ct
trc honh ti A, ct trc tung ti B sao cho OA = 4OB
Gii.
2. OA =4OB nn OAB c
1
tan
4
OB
A
OA

Tip tuyn AB c h s gc k =
1
4
t
Phng trnh y = k
2
3
4 1
...
5 ( 1) 4
x
x x



+

+) x = 3

y=0, tip tuyn c phng trnh


1
( 3)
4
y x
8
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x
y
0
1
2
1
2
1


1
3

(d)
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
+) x= -5

y= 2, tip tuyn c phng trnh


1 1 13
( 5) 2
4 4 4
y x y x + + +
Bi 20. Cho ham so
1
1
x
y
x

+
.
1) Khao sat s bien thien va ve o th (C) cua ham so.
2) Tm a va b e ng thang (d):
y ax b +
cat (C) tai hai iem phan
biet oi xng nhau qua ng thang ( ):
2 3 0 x y +
.
Gii.
2. Phng trnh cua ( ) c viet lai:
1 3
2 2
y x + .
e thoa e bai, trc het (d) vuong goc vi ( ) hay 2 a
Khi o phng trnh hoanh o giao iem gia (d) va (C):

1
2
1
x
x b
x

+
+


2
2 ( 3) ( 1) 0 x b x b +
. (1)
e (d) cat (C) tai hai iem phan biet A, B

(1) co hai nghiem phan biet

0 >


2
2 17 0 b b + + >

b tuy y.
Goi I la trung iem cua AB, ta co

3
2 4
3
2
2
A B
I
I I
x x
b
x
b
y x b
+

'
+

.
Vay e thoa yeu cau bai toan


ton tai ,
( )
( )
A B
AB
I


'


2
2 3 0
I I
b
a
x y


'

2
3
( 3) 3 0
4
a
b
b

'
+ +


2
1
a
b

'

.
Bi 21. Cho hm s
1
1
x
y
x
+

( 1 ) c th
( ) C
.
1. Kho st v v th ca hm s ( 1).
2. Chng minh rng ng thng
( ) : 2 d y x m +
lun ct (C) ti hai im
phn bit A, B thuc hai nhnh khc nhau. Xc nh m on AB c di
ngn nht.
Gii.
2. Chng minh rng ng thng
( ) : 2 d y x m +
lun ct (C) ti hai im phn bit
A, B thuc hai nhnh khc nhau. Xc nh m on AB c di ngn nht .
. ng thng (d) lun ct ( C ) ti hai im phn bit th phng trnh.
1
2
1
x
x m
x
+
+

c hai nghim phn bit vi mi m v


1 2
1 x x < <


1 ( 1)(2 )
1
x x x m
x
+ +

'

c hai nghim phn bit


1 2
1 x x < <
2
2 ( 3) 1 0 (*)
1
x m x m
x
+

'

c hai nghim phn bit


1 2
1 x x < <
9
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0
(1) 0 f
>
'
<

2
( 1) 16 0
(1) 2 ( 3) 1 2 0
m m
f m m
+ + >

'
+ <

Vy vi mi gi tr ca m thng thng
( ) : 2 d y x m +
lun ct (C) ti hai im
phn bit A, B thuc hai nhnh khc nhau.
. Gi
1 1 2 2
( ; 2 ), ( ; 2 ) A x x m B x x m + +
l hai im giao gia (d) v (C).(
1 2
; x x
l hai nghim
ca phng trnh (*))
Ta c
2 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
( ; 2( )) ( ) (2( )) 5( ) AB x x x x AB x x x x x x +
uuur
Theo Vi t ta c
2
1
5 ( 1) 16 2 5
2
AB m m 1 + +
]
. 2 5 1 AB m
Vy vi m = -1 l gi tr cn tm. (R)
Bi 22. Cho hm s
2
2 3
+
+

x
x
y
c th (C)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Gi M l im bt k trn (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct cc ng tim cn ca (C) ti A v
B. Gi I l giao im ca cc ng tim cn. Tm ta M sao cho ng trn ngoi tip tam
gic IAB c din tch nh nht.
Gii.
2.Gi
2 ), ( )
2
2 3
; (
+
+
a C
a
a
a M
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti M l:

2
2 3
) (
) 2 (
4
2
+
+
+
+

a
a
a x
a
y
()
ng thng d
1
:x+2=0 v d
2
:y-3=0 l hai tim cn ca th
d
1
=A(-2;
)
2
2 3
+

a
a
, d
2
=B(2a+2;3)
Tam gic IAB vung ti I AB l ng knh ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB din tch hnh
trn S=

8
) 2 (
64
) 2 ( 4
4 4
2
2
2

1
]
1

+
+ +
a
a
AB
Du bng xy ra khi v chi khi

+
+
4
0
) 2 (
16
) 2 (
2
2
a
a
a
a
Vy c hai im M tha mn bi ton M(0;1) v M(-4;5)
Bi 23. Cho hm s
4 2
( ) 8x 9x 1 y f x +
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Da vo th (C) hy bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
4 2
8 os 9 os 0 c x c x m + vi
[0; ] x
.
Gii.
2. Xt phng trnh
4 2
8 os 9 os 0 c x c x m + vi
[0; ] x
(1)
t
osx t c
, phng trnh (1) tr thnh:
4 2
8 9 0 (2) t t m +
10
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V
[0; ] x
nn
[ 1;1] t
, gia x v t c s tng ng mt i mt, do s nghim ca phng trnh
(1) v (2) bng nhau.
Ta c:
4 2
(2) 8 9 1 1 (3) t t m +
Gi (C
1
):
4 2
8 9 1 y t t + vi
[ 1;1] t
v (D): y = 1 m.
Phng trnh (3) l phng trnh honh giao im ca (C
1
) v (D).
Ch rng (C
1
) ging nh th (C) trong min 1 1 t .
Da vo th ta c kt lun sau:

81
32
m > : Phng trnh cho v nghim.

81
32
m : Phng trnh cho c 2 nghim.

81
1
32
m < : Phng trnh cho c 4 nghim.
0 1 m < < : Phng trnh cho c 2 nghim.
0 m : Phng trnh cho c 1 nghim.
m < 0 : Phng trnh cho v nghim.
Bi 24. Cho hm s:
1
2( 1)
x
y
x

+
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Tm nhng im M trn (C) sao cho tip tuyn vi (C) ti M to vi hai trc ta mt tam gic
c trng tm nm trn ng thng 4x + y = 0.
Gii.
2. Gi M(
0
0
0
1
;
2( 1)
x
x
x

+
)
( ) C
l im cn tm. Gi tip tuyn vi (C) ti M ta c phng trnh.
:
' 0
0 0
0
1
( )( )
2( 1)
x
y f x x x
x

+
+
( )
0
0 2
0
0
1 1
( )
2( 1)
1
x
y x x
x
x

+
+
+
Gi A = ox

A(
2
0 0
2 1
2
x x
;0)
B = oy

B(0;
2
0 0
2
0
2 1
2( 1)
x x
x

+
). Khi to vi hai trc ta OAB c trng tm l: G(
2 2
0 0 0 0
2
0
2 1 2 1
;
6 6( 1)
x x x x
x
_


+
,
.
Do G

ng thng:4x + y = 0

2 2
0 0 0 0
2
0
2 1 2 1
4. 0
6 6( 1)
x x x x
x

+
+

( )
2
0
1
4
1 x

+
(v A, B

O nn
2
0 0
2 1 0 x x
)

0 0
0 0
1 1
1
2 2
1 3
1
2 2
x x
x x

+



+


11
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Vi
0
1 1 3
( ; )
2 2 2
x M ; vi
0
3 3 5
( ; )
2 2 2
x M .
Bi 25. Cho hm s y = x
3
3x
2
+ mx + 4, trong m l tham s thc.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho, vi m = 0.
2. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s cho nghch bin trn khong (0 ; + ).
Gii.
2. Hm s cho nghch bin trn khong (0 ; + ) y = 3x
2
6x + m 0, x > 0
3x
2
+ 6x m, x > 0 (*)
Ta c bng bin thin ca hm s y = 3x
2
+ 6x trn (0 ; + )
T ta c : (*) m 0.
Bi 26. Cho hm s
2
1 2
+
+

x
x
y
c th l (C)
1.Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
2.Chng minh ng thng d: y = -x + m lun lun ct th (C) ti hai
im phn bit A, B. Tm m on AB c di nh nht.
Gii.
2. Honh giao im ca th (C ) v ng thng d l nghim ca phng
trnh

'

+ +

+
+
+
) 1 ( 0 2 1 ) 4 (
2
2
1 2
2
m x m x
x
m x
x
x
Do (1) c m m m va m + + > + 0 3 2 1 ) 2 ).( 4 ( ) 2 ( 0 1
2 2
nn ng thng d lun
lun ct th (C ) ti hai im phn bit A, B.
Ta c y
A
= m x
A
; y
B
= m x
B
nn AB
2
= (x
A
x
B
)
2
+ (y
A
y
B
)
2
= 2(m
2
+ 12) suy ra
AB ngn nht AB
2
nh nht m = 0. Khi 24 AB
Bi 27. Cho hm s y =
1
1 2

+
x
x
(1)
1/ Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1)
2/ nh k ng thng d: y = kx + 3 ct th hm s (1) ti hai im M, N sao cho tam gic
OMN vung gc ti O. ( O l gc ta )
Gii.
2. / Xt pt:
) ( 0 4 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 3
1
1 2
2
x g x k kx x kx
x
x
+

+
d ct th hs (1) ti M, N

'

+ > <

'

>

3 4 7 3 4 7
0
0 ) 1 (
0
0
k k
k
g
k
12
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x
y
+
0
+ 0
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013

'

+
t +
+ + + + + + +
k
x x
k
k
x x
k k k
x x k x x k kx kx x x ON OM ON OM
N M
N M
N M N M N M N M
4
.
1
5 3 0 4 6
0 9 ) ( 3 ) . )( 1 ( 0 ) 3 )( 3 ( . 0 .
2
2
Bi 28. Cho hm s y = x
3
+ mx + 2 (1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = -3.
2. Tm m th hm s (1) ct trc hanh ti mt im duy nht.
Gii.
.
2.Pt : x
3
+ mx + 2 = 0
x
x m
2
2

( x
) 0

Xt f(x) =
2
2
2
2 ) ( '
2
x
x x f
x
x +
=
2
3
2 2
x
x +
Ta c x - 0 1 +

f(x) + + 0 -

f(x) + -3
- - -
th hm s (1) ct trc hanh ti mt im duy nht 3 > m .
Bi 29. Cho hm s y = x
3
3x + 1 c th (C) v ng thng (d): y = mx + m + 3.
1/ Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2/ Tm m (d) ct (C) ti M(-1; 3), N, P sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti N v P vung gc nhau.
Gii.
2. Phng trnh hanh giao im ca (C) v (d): x
3
(m + 3)x m 2 = 0
Hay : (x + 1)(x
2
x m 2) = 0



(*) 0 2
3 , 1
2
m x x
y x
(*) phi c hai nghim phn bit ( m >
)
4
9

, x
N
v x
P
l nghim ca (*)
Theo gi thit: ( )( ) 1 3 3
2 2

P N
x x

+ +
3
2 2 3
3
2 2 3
0 1 18 9
2
m
m
m m

Bi 30. Cho hm s
2 4
1
x
y
x
+

.
1) Kho st v v th ( ) C
ca hm s trn.
2) Gi (d) l ng thng qua A( 1; 1 ) v c h s gc k. Tm k sao cho (d) ct ( C ) ti hai im M,
N v 3 10 MN .
Gii.
13
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
2. T gi thit ta c:
( ) : ( 1) 1. d y k x +
Bi ton tr thnh: Tm k h phng trnh sau c hai
nghim
1 1 2 2
( ; ), ( ; ) x y x y
phn bit sao cho ( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 2 1
90(*) x x y y +
2 4
( 1) 1
( )
1
( 1) 1
x
k x
I
x
y k x
+

+
'

. Ta c:
2
(2 3) 3 0
( )
( 1) 1
kx k x k
I
y k x
+ +

'
+

D c (I) c hai nghim phn bit khi v ch khi phng trnh


2
(2 3) 3 0(**) kx k x k + + c hai
nghim phn bit. Khi d c c
3
0, .
8
k k <
Ta bin i (*) tr thnh: ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1
(1 ) 90 (1 )[ 4 ] 90(***) k x x k x x x x + + +
Theo nh l Viet cho (**) ta c:
1 2 1 2
2 3 3
, ,
k k
x x x x
k k
+
+ th vo (***) ta c phng trnh:
3 2 2
8 27 8 3 0 ( 3)(8 3 1) 0 k k k k k k + + + +
16
41 3
16
41 3
3
+


k k k
.
KL: Vy c 3 gi tr ca k tho mn nh trn.
Bi 31. Cho hm s
1 2
2

x
x
y
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.
2. Tm nhng im trn th (C) cch u hai im A(2 , 0) v B(0 , 2)
Gii.
2. Pt ng trung trc an AB : y = x
Nhng im thuc th cch u A v B c hong l nghim ca pt :
x
x
x

+
1 2
2


2
5 1
2
5 1
0 1
2
x
x
x x
Hai im trn th tha ycbt :

,
_

+ +

,
_


2
5 1
,
2
5 1
;
2
5 1
,
2
5 1
Bi 32. Cho hm s
2
3 2

x
x
y
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Cho M l im bt k trn (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct cc ng tim cn ca (C) ti A
v B. Gi I l giao im ca cc ng tim cn. Tm to im M sao cho ng trn ngoi
tip tam gic IAB c din tch nh nht.
Gii.
2. Ta c:
2 x ,
2 x
3 x 2
; x M
0
0
0
0

,
_

,
( )
2
0
0
2 x
1
) x ( ' y

Phng trnh tip tuyn vi ( C) ti M c dng:


( ) 2 x
3 x 2
) x x (
2 x
1
y :
0
0
0 2
0


To giao im A, B ca ( ) v hai tim cn l:
( ) 2 ; 2 x 2 B ;
2 x
2 x 2
; 2 A
0
0
0

,
_

14
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
Ta thy
M 0
0 B A
x x
2
2 x 2 2
2
x x

+

+
, M
0
0 B A
y
2 x
3 x 2
2
y y

+
suy ra M l trung im ca AB.
Mt khc I = (2; 2) v tam gic IAB vung ti I nn ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c din tch
S =

1
]
1

+
1
1
]
1

,
_

+ 2
) 2 x (
1
) 2 x ( 2
2 x
3 x 2
) 2 x ( IM
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
2
0
2
Du = xy ra khi


3 x
1 x
) 2 x (
1
) 2 x (
0
0
2
0
2
0
Do c hai im M cn tm l M(1; 1) v M(3; 3)
Bi 33. Cho hm s
2 2
1
x
y
x

+
(C)
1. Kho st hm s.
2. Tm m ng thng d: y = 2x + m ct th (C) ti 2 im phn bit A, B sao cho AB = 5 .
Gii.
2. Phng trnh honh giao im: 2x
2
+ mx + m + 2 = 0 , (x - 1) (1)
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit PT(1) c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1 m
2
- 8m - 16 > 0 (2)
Gi A(x
1
; 2x
1
+ m) , B(x
2
; 2x
2
+ m. Ta c x
1
, x
2
l 2 nghim ca PT(1).
Theo L Vit ta c
1 2
1 2
2
2
2
m
x x
m
x x

'
+

.
AB
2
= 5
2 2
1 2 1 2
( ) 4( ) 5 x x x x +
2
1 2 1 2
( ) 4 1 x x x x + m
2
- 8m - 20 = 0
m = 10 , m = - 2 ( Tha mn (2))
Bi 34. Cho hm s
3 2 2 3
3 3( 1) y x mx m x m m + + (1)
1.Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) ng vi m=1
2.Tm m hm s (1) c cc tr ng thi khong cch t im cc i ca th hm s n
gc ta O bng 2 ln khong cch t im cc tiu ca th hm s n gc ta O.
Gii.
2. Ta c
, 2 2
3 6 3( 1) y x mx m +
hm s c cc tr th PT
,
0 y c 2 nghim phn bit

2 2
2 1 0 x mx m + c 2 nhim phn bit

1 0, m >

Cc i ca th hm s l A(m-1;2-2m) v cc tiu ca th hm s l B(m+1;-2-2m)
Theo gi thit ta c
2
3 2 2
2 6 1 0
3 2 2
m
OA OB m m
m

+
+ +

Vy c 2 gi tr ca m l
3 2 2 m
v
3 2 2 m +
.
Bi 35. 1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s : y = x
3
3x
2
+ 2
2) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh :
2
2 2
1
m
x x
x


Gii.
15
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
2. Ta c
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 1 1
1
m
x x x x x m, x .
x

Do s nghim ca phng trnh bng s


giao im ca ( ) ( )
2
2 2 1 y x x x , C'
v ng thng
1 y m, x .
V ( )
( )
( )
2
1
2 2 1
1
f x khi x
y x x x
f x khi x
>


'
<

nn ( ) C'
bao gm:
+ Gi nguyn th (C) bn phi ng thng 1 x .
+ Ly i xng th (C) bn tri ng thng 1 x qua Ox.
Da vo th ta c:
+ 2 m : < Phng trnh v nghim;
+ 2 m : Phng trnh c 2 nghim kp;
+ 2 0 m : < < Phng trnh c 4 nghim phn bit;
+ 0 m : Phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit.
Bi 36.
1. kho st s bin thin v v th ( C) ca hm s:
2
3 2

x
x
y
2. Tm m ng thng (d): y = 2x + m ct th (C ) ti hai im phn bit sao cho tip tuyn
ca (C ) ti hai im song song vi nhau.
Gii.
2. Phng trnh honh giao im ca (d) v (C) l:

0 3 2 ) 6 ( 2 2
2
3 2
2
+ +

+
m x m x m x
x
x
(x = 2 khng l nghim ca p trnh)
(d) ct (C ) ti hai im phn bit m tip tuyn ti song song vi nhau

(1) c hai nghim phn


bit x
1
; x
2
tho mn: y(x
1
) = y(x
2
) hay x
1
+x
2
= 4
2
4
2
6
0 ) 3 2 ( 8 ) 6 (
2

'

> + +
m
m
m m
Bi 37. Cho hm s :
3
3 y x m x ( )
(1)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) khi m = 1.
2) Tm k h bt phng trnh sau c nghim:
3
2 3
2 2
1 3 0
1 1
log log ( 1) 1
2 3

<

'
+

x x k
x x
Gii.
2. Ta c :
x k
x x
3
2 3
2 2
3 3x 0 (1)
1 1
log log ( 1) 1 (2)
2 3

<

'
+

. iu kin (2) c ngha: x > 1.


T (2) x(x 1) 2 1 < x 2.
H PT c nghim (1) c nghim tho 1 < x 2

x k x k
x x
3 3
( 1) 3x 0 ( 1) 3x <
1 2 1 2

<

' '
< <

16
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1+
1-
- 2
m
1 2
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
t: f(x) = (x 1)
3
3x v g(x) = k (d). Da vo th (C) (1) c nghim x (1;2]
( 1;2
min ( ) (2) 5 k f x f
1
]

. Vy h c nghim k > 5
Bi 38. Cho hm s
3 2
2 3( 1) 2 y x mx m x + + + (1), m l tham s thc
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi 0 m .
2. Tm m th hm s ct ng thng
: 2 y x +
ti 3 im phn bit
(0; 2) A
; B; C sao cho
tam gic MBC c din tch
2 2
, vi
(3;1). M
Gii.
2. Phng trnh honh giao im ca th vi
( )
l:
3 2
2 3( 1) 2 2 x mx m x x + + + +
2
0 2
( ) 2 3 2 0(2)
x y
g x x mx m


+ +

ng thng
( )
ct d th hm s (1) ti ba im phn bit A(0;2), B, C

Phng trnh (2) c hai nghim phn bit khc 0


%
2
2 1
' 0 3 2 0
2
(0) 0 3 2 0
3
m hoacm
m m
g m m

> <
> + >


' ' '


Gi ( )
1 1
; B x y
v ( )
2 2
; C x y
, trong
1 2
, x x
l nghim ca (2);
1 1
2 y x +
v
1 2
2 y x +
Ta c ( )
3 1 2
; ( )
2
h d M
+

2 2.2 2
4
2
MBC
S
BC
h

M
2 2 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2
( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 4 BC x x y y x x x x 1 + +
]
=
2
8( 3 2) m m +
Suy ra
2
8( 3 2) m m + =16 0 m (tho mn) hoc 3 m (tho mn)
Bi 39. Cho hm s
3 2
2 3(2 1) 6 ( 1) 1 y x m x m m x + + + + c th (C
m
).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 0.
2. Tm m hm s ng bin trn khong
( ) + ; 2
Gii.
2.
3 2
2 3(2 1) 6 ( 1) 1 y x m x m m x + + + +
) 1 ( 6 ) 1 2 ( 6 6 '
2
+ + + m m x m x y
y c 0 1 ) ( 4 ) 1 2 (
2 2
> + + m m m


1
0 '
m x
m x
y
Hm s ng bin trn
( ) + ; 2
0 ' > y
2 > x 2 1 + m 1 m
Bi 40. Cho hm s y =
1
x
x

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Tm ta im M thuc (C), bit rng tip tuyn ca (C) ti M vung gc vi ng thng
i qua im M v im I(1; 1). (M(0 ; 0) ; M(2 ; 2) )
Gii.
2. Vi
0
1 x
, tip tuyn (d) vi (C) ti M(x
0
;
0
0
1
x
x
) c phng trnh :
0
0 2
0 0
1
( )
( 1) 1
x
y x x
x x
+

2
0
2 2
0 0
1
0
( 1) ( 1)
x
x y
x x
+


17
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Cc bi tp d v c bn v KS hm s Trong n thi i Hc nm 2012 -2013
(d) c vec t ch phng
2
0
1
( 1; )
( 1)
u
x

r
, 0
0
1
( 1; )
1
IM x
x

uuur
(d) vung gc IM iu kin l :

0
0 2
0 0 0
0
1 1
. 0 1.( 1) 0
2 ( 1) 1
x
u IM x
x x x

+



r uuur
+ Vi x
0
= 0 ta c M(0,0)
+ Vi x
0
= 2 ta c M(2, 2)
18
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