TRNG I HC NNG LM TP.

HCM KHOA C KH CNG NGH B MN C IN T

BO CO THC HNH CNC

SVTH: V HUNH C TI MSSV: 09153071 GVHD: O DUY VINH

TP. H CH MINH, Thng 12, 2012

QUY TRNH VN HNH MY PHAY CNC 1. Cng tc chun b v kim tra: My, dng c - g thc o, phi, nhin liu, dng c v sinh, h thng nc ti ngui v tuyt i phi KIM TRA AN TON (in, my nn kh, my thy lc, khng gian lm vic ca my,) 2. M my, chy nh chun. 3. G phi, dao v cn chnh. 4. Chn dao chun, chn gc ta tng ng vi phn lp trnh. Tin hnh xc nh gc ta cho chi tit gia cng Nhp d liu, chy m phng, kim tra. 5. Chn dao thnh phn So dao thnh phn (tt c dao c dng khi gia cng trn mt chi tit). Nhp d liu, chy m phng, kim tra 6. Nhp, truyn chng trnh NC t PC sang my phay CNC 7. M phng, kim tra chng trnh NC, hiu chnh chng trnh NC. 8. Gia cng th, kim tra, hiu chnh. 9. Gia cng hng lot v bo tr my sau gia cng.

1. Cch g phi - Dng cn quay, quay ngc chiu kim ng h m ming -t. Khi ming t m va , ta g phi vo, khi ta chm thm 2 ming lt pha di ca phi. - Khi cn chnh phi, ta dng mt cy ba u cao su, g vo nhng ch cn vnh, tay kia ta vn cn quay cng chiu kim ng h sit ming t li. - chnh xc khi g phi, ta nn s dng ng h so mt phi hon ton nm ngang vi mt phng XY. - Ty theo loi vt liu phi phay m ta sit -t mt cch thch hp. V cng khng nn sit mnh qu, em sit qu mnh khin phi b tri ln -t, lm phi b vnh ln. Ta phi sit -t t t, c mnh thch hp, va dao ct khng lm tut phi khi t, gy sai v tr phi => phay s khng chnh xc. 2. Cch thay dao - C hai cch thay dao: th cng v t ng.

Cnh tay ly dao t ng

a) T ng:

Mm xoay dao t ng - Thay dao t ng l thay dao ngay trn my, nhng my phay CNC h Fanuc i mi h tr chc nng ny. Cn nhng my phay CNC qu c th khng c chc nng ny, bt buc ta phi thay dao bng tay. - u dao v dao c trn mm dao ca my. Mm dao ca my thng hnh trn, c gn vo 1 trc xoay mm dao. - Trn mn hnh iu khin my phay CNC, ta vn nt MODE v ch nhp chng trnh bng tay MDI, chn PROG (Program) ta g TxM6 EOB(chm cu) INSERT. Trong x l s th t dao trn mm dao, M6 l lnh gi dao. Sau ta bm nt CYCLE START. Cnh tay ly dao t ng xoay 180o bt dnh vo dao, ri xoay 180o tr li a dao vo trc Z, trong qu trnh chy i hi phi c my nn kh lm vic, v a dao vo trc Z th phi c 1 lc ht t trong trc Z, my nn kh m nhn cng vic ny. b) Th cng - Th cng l cch thay dao bng tay, vic thay dao bng tay xy ra khi dao khng c sn trn mm dao hoc nhng my phay CNC qu c khng c chc nng thay dao t ng ny. Khi tay phi ta nhn 1

Collet hay cn gi l chn dao nt pha trn trc Z, tay tri cm gi cht u dao trnh rt xung sn my phay. Lc ny lc ht ca my nn kh c nh, dao ly d dng ra khi trc Z. Ta dao + u dao ln , dng kha vn u dao, ly dao v chn dao ra. La chn dao v chn dao ph hp khc vo u dao, ri ta sit cht u do li. Sau khi thay dao xong, ta tin hnh rp vo trc Z, 1 tay nhn nt, tay cn li a dao vo trc Z, dao t ng c ht cht vo. Kim tra li xem dao gn cht vo cha, trnh s c ng tic xy ra.

3. Cch chy nh chun

Khi my mi u hot ng hoc gia cng mt chi tit mi, bt buc ta phi chy nh chun cho my. Vn nt MODE v ZRN. Theo em quan st c th c hai cch chy nh chun. Cch 1: Chy tng trc: Bm +Z hoc X hoc +Y trn bn phm. Cch 2: Chy cng lc 3 trc, bm nt CYCLE START. Xem cc thng s X, Y, Z trn mn hnh: X 0,000, Y 0,000, Z 0,000 th ta hon tt cng on chy nh chun.

Ch rng: H ta trn my phay tun theo quy tc BN TAY PHI Trc X = Ngn ci = Trc nm ngang. Chiu dng l chiu ca u ngn ci. Trc Y = Ngn tr = Trc vung gc vi ngi s dng. Chiu dng l chiu ca u ngn tr. Trc Z = Ngn gia = Trc dc theo thn ngi s dng. Chiu dng l chiu ca u ngn gia. Quy tc ny ch p dng cho DAO, khng phi cho bn my. 4. Cch set v tr Zero. - Hay cn gi l cch xc nh gc ta cho chi tit gia cng, gip thun li trong qu trnh lp trnh cng nh khi gia cng. Do khi gia cng, my s bt u t gc ta ca phi phay, ch my khng bt u t ta ca my. Do ta phi set v tr Zero cho phi. - set v tr Zero, vic u tin ta phi gi dao ra, cho dao quay bng lnh S1000M3 (Dao quay 1000 vng/pht) EOB(du chm) INSERT CYCLE START. - Lu khi chn dao chn gc gia cng phi a dao v v tr thun tin nht v kim tra xem trong OFFSET SETTING WORK gi tr ca G54, G55, ... c a v 0 cha, nu cha ta nhp 0 INPUT cc to X, Y, Z by gi mi tin hnh r gc ta cho phi. - an ton hn trong vic r dao, ta nn s dng tay quay in. Chnh MODE v MPG (tay quay in). - Ta chn gc tng ng trn phi chun b r, vic r ny i hi phi c kinh nghim, thc s n khng kh r, nhng r chun th cn phi c con mt tinh, em c c cc anh ng my cho em r th, r qua vi ln th thy cng khng qu kh. a s ta thng chn gc ta l nm gc bn tri pha di ca phi.

Bc 3 Bc 1

Chn ta gc ca phi ti y

Gc ngoi cng bn tri pha di ca phi v cc bc r dao

5. -

6. -

Dng tay quay in, xoay nt trc X v vn ch X100 ngha l 1 vch trn tay c gi tr l 100/1000. Bc 1 nh trong hnh 1 ta quay tay quay theo phng X , gn ti cnh ca phi ta nn vn nt v X1 gim bc tin ca dao, va chm cnh phi ta dng li, OFF tay quay in, ghi li thng s ca trc X c trn mn hnh hin th. Tng t bc 2 ta r theo phng Y, ghi li ta Y trn mn hnh hin th v cui cng bc 3 l phng Z tc l cho chm b mt ca phi, chnh xc mt cch tng i, ta nn dng 1 t giy cc mng trn b mt phi, khi dao va chm t giy th t giy s b xoy ra. Lc ta dng quay tay quay li v OFF tay quay, treo tay quay ln gi . Nh vy l ta c thng s ta X, Y, Z. Vic tip theo l ta phi b tr bn knh ca dao. Vic lm ny gip ly chnh xc tm ca dao ngay ti nh gc di ca phi. Ta ch cn + hoc i bn knh ca dao vo ta X v Y l xong. Do ta ly ta gc ca phi l gc bn tri pha di, v th ta phi + thm bn knh ca dao. Gi s dao c D l 10mm th ta phi + 5mm vo phng X v phng Y, cn phng Z ta khng cn bn knh dao. Sau ta tin hnh nhp d liu vo my: OFFSET SETTING WORK Nhp X, Y, Z c c vo dng X, Y, Z ca G54, tng ng trong lp trnh. Nh vy im ny chnh l im gc ta ta set v tr Zero. H ta c t ti y, my s phay da trn h ta gc ny. Sau l ta phi nhp 1 s lnh c bn kim tra li ta set v tr Zero ng cha. Phi chuyn sang ch chy tng cu lnh sau mi ln nt CYCLE START vi tc FEED (bc tin dao) tht chm, nu dao chy ng v v tr gc ta phi th ta tin hnh gia cng sn phm. Cch so dao gia cng 1 chi tit ta phi s dng nhiu dao m theo ta nh ngha 2 loi dao: dao chun v dao thnh phn. Dao chun tc l dao c set v tr Zero ti ta gc phi, khong cch t mi dao n mt phi theo phng Z l = 0. Mi dao khc s dng trong gia cng chi tit phi so vi dao chun, ly dao chun lm gc. So dao y l o dao thnh phn so vi dao chun v di v ng knh. V khi ta g th cng mt con dao khc, th chc chn n s di hoc ngn hn dao chun so vi b mt phi. Nn khi gia cng mt chi tit m s dng nhiu dao khc nhau, nu khng so dao th chc chn chi tit gia cng s b sai, khng chnh xc. C 2 cch so dao thnh phn: Cch 1: So trc tip trn my (cho ln lt tng dao ng b mt phi) o Cch ny nhanh, gn v l. Sau khi ta set v tr 0, tc l dao chun chm b mt phi, Z = 0. Ta tin hnh gi mt con dao thnh phn khc bng lnh M6. Cho dao quay bng lnh S1000M3. Nhn POS ABS (ta tuyt i) xem ta Z. Dng tay quay in, chnh v trc Z vi bc tin l X100, ta quay cho dao thnh phn gn chm mt phi theo phng Z, ri ta gim bc tin X1. Dng mt t giy cc mng nhn bit dao chm phi hay cha. Sau khi ta cho dao chm nh vo phi. OFF tay quay in. Mng tay quay vo gi treo. Ghi li thng s trn mn hnh theo phng Z. Nu Z m : dao thnh phn ngn hn dao chun. Cn Z dng: dao thnh phn di hn dao chun. Xong ri th ta cho dao v v tr an ton, ngng trc chnh. o Nhp d liu: Vo OFFSET SETTING OFFSET chn v nhp thng s ghi c vo dao thnh phn tng ng ti ct GEOM(H) v nhp ng knh dao thnh phn vo GEOM(D). Cch 2: So trn o dao o Cch ny hi lu v khng chnh xc bng so trc tip trn my. Ta g dao chun trn o dao, o v chnh thc v 0, tip theo ta lp dao thnh phn ln o dao v tin hnh o. Tng t nh o trc tip trn my. Nu dao thnh phn di hn dao chun th gi tr ghi phi l dng, cn ngc li th phi mang gi tr m. o Nhp d liu: Tng t nh cch lm trc tip trn my. Cch np chng trnh np chng trnh ta phi s dng 1 phn mm trn my tnh, c rt nhiu loi chng trnh nh NCLink, XMIT, DNC hay mt s phn mm CAM nh MASTERCAM cng c th truyn qua my CNC.

Giao thc truyn thng dng nht hin nay l qua cng RS232. cng ty em xin thc hnh th y h dng Pro/E v MasterCAM v v xut ra file NC. Cn chng trnh truyn th xi NC-Link. - Do my tnh c t trong phng thit k, nn em khng tip xc c giao din NC-Link nh th no. Th theo anh ng my ti ni s s l giao din n cng n gin, c nt m file NC, cho mnh chnh sa, ri vo Settings ci t thng s truyn nh: COM1, tc 9600, v.v. Ri bm nt START. Vy l chng trnh NC c truyn vo my. Do l truyn qua cng COM nn rt d xy ra truyn li, t qung, phi truyn li rt mt thi gian. Nn dy COM phi c t trn cao, hn ch tnh trng ng trng dy khi ang truyn d liu. 7. Nghin cu b dao phay

Dao phay ngn 15mm C rt nhiu loi dao phay, nh trn hnh trn l loi dao phay ngn u bng 4 li 15mm dng phay bc, b

mt hp.

Dao phay ngn u bng 2 li 13mm Dao phay ngn u cu 2 li 8mm Cc loi dao u cu thng dng phay nhng bin dng 3D, nhng cnh trong cn c vc bo trn.

Dao phay ngn u cu 0.75mm Dao phay khc ch B dng c thay dao phay 8. Kt lun: - Sau hn 2 tun i thc hnh my CNC, em rt ra c nhiu kinh nghim qu bu cho bn thn em. Bit c cch g phi, thay dao, chy nh chun my, cch so dao, cch set ta phi. Bit c mt s thut ng chuyn ngnh v mt s cc kinh nghim t cc anh ng my truyn t li. Hn ht l bit

c nhim v, v tr ca mt ngi ng my phay CNC nh th no. Em xin cm n thy Vinh v cc anh ng my cng ty gip em rt nhiu trong bi bo co thc hnh CNC ny.