TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP H NI KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

Bi tp ln An ton bo mt thng tin ti Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie - Hellman
Gio vin hng dn: Th.S Trn Phng Nhung Nhm sinh vin: 1. Phm Th Yn 2. Nguyn Th Nhm 3. Nguyn nh Triu 4. L Thanh Ngh H Ni, Thng 11/2012

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman

Mc Lc MC LC ................................................................................................................. 1 PHN CNG CNG VIC ..................................................................................... 2 LI M U ........................................................................................................... 3 CHNG I: GII THIU V GIAO THC DIFFIE - HELLMAN...................... 4 CHNG II: GIAO THC THA THUN KHA DIFFIE - HELLMAN ......... 6 1. KHI NIM THA THUN KHA. ........................................................................ 6 2. GIAO THC THA THUN KHA DIFFIE - HELLMAN. ......................................... 6 2.1. Cch thit lp giao thc tha thun kha Diffie - Hellman....................... 6 2.2. S giao thc tha thun kha Diffie - Hellman. .................................. 7 2.3. V d bng s minh ha. ............................................................................ 8 2.4. M rng bi ton cho nhiu bn ................................................................ 9 2.5. Cc c im c trng ca giao thc tho thun kha Diffie - Hellman. 10 2.5.1. Gi o thc n ton i vi vic t n c ng th ng ........................... 10 2.5.2. Giao thc kh ng n ton i vi vic t n cng ch ng. ............... 12 2.6. Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie - Hellman c chng ch xc nhn. ..... 13 TI LIU THAM KHO ....................................................................................... 15

Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman

Phn cng cng vic Stt M SV Tn SV Ni dung Tm hiu v giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman + V d bng s minh ha Vit chng trnh thc hin giao thc Diffie - Hellman Trang- Nhn xt trang Tch cc hot ng, 4 - 10 v nghin cu.Hon thnh tt nhim v Tch cc nghin cu. Hon thnh tt nhim v Tch cc nghin cu. Hon thn tt nhim v

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Nguyn Th Nhm

0541060137

L Thanh Ngh

0541060129

Tm hiu cc c im c trng ca giao Nguyn nh Triu thc tha thun 10 - 14 kha Diffie Hellman Tm hiu v giao thc tha thun kha 4 - 10 Diffie Hellman + V d bng s min ha

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Phm Th Yn

Tch cc nghin cu. Hon thnh tt nhim v.

Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman

Li m u Tr o i thng tin lun l nhu cu cn thit c con ngi, c bit l trong cuc sng hin i ngy nay khi m mng my tnh v Internet pht trin mt cch mnh m v gi vai tr quan trng trong mi nh vc c i sng x hi nh: chnh tr, qun s, hc tp, mua sm, kinh do nh, T t c nhng thng tin lin qu n n nhng cng vic ny u c my vi tnh qun l v truyn i trn h thng mng i vi nhng thng tin bnh thng th kh ng i ch n, nhng i vi nhng thng tin mang tnh ch t sng cn i vi mt c nhn hay mt t chc th v n bo mt thng tin l r t quan trng v c t n hng u. Chnh v vy nn r t nhiu t chc, c nhn nghin cu, tm kim v r r t nhiu gii php bo mt thng tin Trong gi o thc Diffie - Hellman r t thch hp trong truyn thng tin gi liu v c tnh bo mt kh cao. Bo co ny do nhm bin son da trn nhng kin thc nh hi c t c gio Th.S. Trn Phng Nhung, v thng qua s tm hiu, nghin cu tch cc ca cc thnh vin trong nhm.Bo co c nhm i su v i su vo trnh by gi o thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman vi ni dung 3 chng c chia thnh cc ch khc nhau, t vic gii thiu s b, trnh by khi nim, cch thit lp, s v cc v d minh ha c th v giao thc tha thun kha. Mc d nhm r t c gng song vn khng trnh khi mt s thiu st mong thy c v bn b ng gp kin nhm hon thin hn bo co ny. Xin chn thnh cm n ti bn b, ngi thn gp , gip nhm c bit cm n c gio Th.S. Trn Phng Nhung ngi hng dn nhm hon thnh bo ca mnh!

Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman

Chng I: Gii thiu v giao thc Diffie - Hellman Nm 1976, mt s t ph th y i nn tng c bn trong cch lm vic ca cc h thng mt m h chnh vic cng b ca bi vit phng hng mi trong mt m hc (New Directions in Cryptography) ca Whitfield Diffie v Martin Hellman. Bi vit gii thiu mt phng php hon ton mi v cch thc phn phi cc kha mt m. L h thng u tin s dng "public-key" hoc cc kha mt m "kh ng i xng", v n c gi tr o i kha Diffie-Hellman (Diffie-Hellman key exchange). Bi vit cn kch thch s pht trin gn nh tc thi ca mt lp cc thut ton mt m ha mi, cc thut ton cha kha b t i xng (asymmetric key algorithms). Tr o i kha Diffie-Hellman b co buc rng n c pht minh ra mt cch c lp mt vi nm trc trong Tr s Truyn Thng Chnh ph Anh (GCHQ) bi M co m J Wi i mson) Vo nm 2002, He m n r thut ton c gi chung tr o i kha DiffieHellmanMerkle cng nhn s ng gp ca c R ph Merk e, ngi pht minh r thut ton m ha cng khai. Trc thi k ny, hu ht cc thut ton mt m ha hin i u l nhng thut ton kh i xng (symmetric key gorithms), trong c ngi gi v ngi nhn phi dng chung mt kha, tc kha dng trong thut ton mt m, v c h i ngi u phi gi b mt v kha ny. T t c cc my in c dng trong th chin II, k c m Caesar v m Atbash, v v bn ch t m ni, k c hu ht cc h thng m c dng trong sut qu trnh lch s n u thuc v loi ny. ng nhin, kh ca mt m chnh l sch m (codebook), v ci cng phi c phn phi v gi gn mt cch b mt tng t. Do nhu cu an ninh, kha cho mi mt h thng nh vy nh t thit phi c tr o i gia cc bn giao thng lin lc bng mt phng thc an ton no y, trc khi h s dng h thng (thut ng thng c dng l 'thng qua mt knh an ton'), v d nh bng vic s dng mt ngi th ng tin cy vi mt cp ti liu c kha vo c tay bng mt cp kha tay, hoc bng cuc gp g mt i mt, hay bng mt con chim b cu th trung thnh V n ny ch b o gi c xem l d thc hin, v n nhanh chng tr nn mt vic gn nh kh ng th qun c khi s ng ngi th m gi tng n, h y khi ngi ta kh ng cn cc knh n ton tr o i kha na, hoc lc h phi lin tc th y i
4

Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman cc cha kha-mt thi quen nn thc hin trong khi lm vic vi mt m. C th l mi mt cp truyn thng cn phi c mt kha ring nu, theo nh thit k ca h thng mt m, khng mt ngi th ba no, k c khi ngi y l mt ngi dng, c php gii m cc th ng ip. Mt h thng thuc loi ny c gi l mt h thng dng cha kha mt, hoc mt h thng mt m h dng kh i xng. H thng tr o i kha Diffie-Hellman (cng nhng phin bn c nng c p k tip hay cc bin th ca n) to iu kin cho cc hot ng ny trong cc h thng tr nn d dng hn r t nhiu, ng thi cng n ton hn, hn t t c nhng g c th m trc y. Mc d, bn thn thut ton l mt giao thc chn kha nc danh (khng cn thng qua xc thc) nhng n cung c p ra mt c s cho cc giao thc xc thc khc nhau kh hon ho. Phng thc tip ni ngay sau Diffie Hellman l RSA, mt th hin ca m kha cng khai s dng thut ton b t i xng.

Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman

Chng II: Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie - Hellman 1. Khi nim tha thun kha. Tho thun kho: vic tr o i kho gi cc ch th trong mt cng ng no c th c thit p mt cch t do gi b t c h i ngi no khi c nhu cu tr o i th ng tin 2. Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie - Hellman. - Tr o i kha Diffie Hellman l thit lp mt kha chia s b mt c s dng cho thng tin lin lc b mt bng cch tr o i d liu thng qua mng cng cng y m mt trong s nhiu phng thc dng tr o i kha trong ngnh mt m hc. - Phng php ny kh ng cn c s can thip ca mt TA ( c qu n y thc) lm nhim v iu hnh hoc phn phi kha. - Phng php ny cho php nhng ngi s dng c th cng nhau to ra mt kha b mt thng qua mt knh truyn th ng kh ng m bo v bo mt. Kha b mt ny s c dng ngi s dng tr o i thng tin vi nhau. 2.1. Cch thit lp giao thc tha thun kha Diffie - Hellman. Tnh hung: + Alice v Bob mun chia s thng tin bo mt cho nh u nhng phng tin truyn thng duy nh t ca h l khng an ton. T t c cc thng tin m h tr o i c quan st bi Eve k th ca h. + Lm th no Alice v Bob chia s thng tin bo mt cho nhau m khng lm cho Eve bit c? + Thot nhn ta th y Alice v Bob phi i mt vi mt nhim v khng th. Gii quyt tnh hung trn: + A ice v Bob ng dng chung v mt nhm cyclic hu hn G v mt yu t to ra g trong G. (iu ny thng c thc hin r t u trc khi phn cn li ca giao thc, g c gi nh c bit n bi t t c cc k t n cng) + Khi Alice v Bob mun truyn thng tin bo mt cho nhau c th cng thc hin theo giao thc s u tr o i: 1. A ice chn ngu nhin s A (0 A p-2) b mt, tnh bA g a mod p v gi bA cho Bob . 2. Tng t, Bob chn ngu nhin s B (0 B p-2) b mt, tnh bB g a mod p v gi bB cho Alice. a mod p 3. Alice tnh c kha: K A bB
A B A

Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman

a mod p 4. Bob tnh c kha: K B bA
B

+ By gi Alice v Bob c cng kha chung l:

K A K B g a AaB mod p

+ M t giao thc Diffie - Hellman bng bng sau: Alice B mt aA aA aA aA, KA Cng khai Tnh ton Gi p, g a p, g, bA bA g mod p bA bB p, g, bA, bB
A

Bob Tnh ton

Cng khai

p, g bB g a mod p p, g, bB p, g, bA, bB
B

B mt aB aB aB aB, KB

Ch l ch c aA, aB v KA, KB c gi b mt. T t c cc gi tr cn li nh p, g, bA, bB u cng khai. Mt khi A ice v Bob tnh c kha b mt dng chung, h c th dng n lm kha m ha ch h bit gi cc th ng ip qua cng knh giao tip m ng nhin, m bo an ton, cc gi tr aA, aB v p cn c l y ln hn, g kh ng cn l y gi tr qu ln. Thc t th g thng l y gi tr 2 hoc 5

2.2. S giao thc tha thun kha Diffie - Hellman. S di y minh ha phn no tng chung. u tin, A ice v Bob thng nh t v mu sn chung (mu vng), Alice v Bob tr o i mu sc c trn ca h. Cui cng, iu ny to ra mt mu b mt ging ht nhau m k khc khng c kh nng to c ra ging vy. K t y, Alice v Bob s tr o i bng cch m ha v gii m s dng kha b mt (th hin bng mu sn b mt cui cng).

Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman

Hnh 1: S giao thc tha thun kha Diffie - Hellman 2.3. V d bng s minh ha. 1. Alice v Bob thng nh t vi nhau chn s nguyn t p = 37 v g = 5. 2. Alice chn mt gi tr ngu nhin b t k aA = 7 v b mt aA. Alice tnh bA = 57 mod 37 = 18. S u A ice gi bA = 18 cho Bob. 3. Bob chn mt gi tr ngu nhin b t k aB = 5 v b mt aB Bob tnh bB = 55 mod 37 = 17. S u Bob gi bB = 17 cho Alice. 4. Bob nhn c bA = 18 v tnh kha chung: KB = 184 mod 37=15, v b mt KB
8

Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman 5. Alice nhn c bB =17 v tnh kha chung: KA= 177 mod 37=15, v b mt KA
2.4. M rng bi ton cho nhiu bn Th thun kh Diffie-He m n kh ng ch gii hn thng ng mt kh dng chung gi h i bn B t c mt s ng ngi dng no cng c th th m gi vo mt th thun nh th bng cch p cc gi o thc th thun v tr o i d iu trung gi n V d, A ice, Bob v C ro c th th m gi vo mt th thun Diffie-He m n nh s u (vi t t c php ton u y mod p): 1. Cc bn ng vi cc th m s c gii thut p v g 2. Cc bn t sinh kh b mt, t tn A, aB v ac. 3. Alice tnh g a v gi n cho Bob
A

4. Bob tnh ( g a ) a = g a a v gi n cho C ro

A B A B

5. Carol tnh ( g a
B

AaB

) a C = g a AaB aC v dng n m kh b mt

6. Bob tnh g a v gi n cho C ro 7. Carol tnh ( g a ) a = g a a v gi n cho A ice

B C B C

8. Alice tnh ( g a a ) a = g a a a = g a a a v dng n m kh b mt

B C A B C A A B C

9. Carol tnh g a v gi n cho A ice

C

10.Alice tnh ( g a ) a = g a a v gi n cho Bob

C A A C

11.Bob tnh g a a a = g a a a = g a a a v dng n m kh b mt

C A B C A B A B C

Mt k nghe trm c th bit g a , g a , g a , g a a , g a a , g a a nhng kh ng th no kt hp chng sinh i g a a a m rng c ch ny cho cc nhm n hn cn phi tun th 2 nguyn tc c bn s u: Bt u vi mt kh rng ch gm c g, kh b mt c to r bng cch tng gi tr hin ti theo s m b mt c nhng bn th m gi mt n, theo th t b t k B t k gi tr trung gi n no (s m s n ti tch N-1 s m, trong N s bn th m gi vo nhm) u c th b c ng kh i, nhng gi tr cui cng (khi c N s m u c dng) s to thnh kh b mt dng chung v do phi trnh b c ng kh i V vy, mi ngi dng cn thu v bn s o c kh mt bng cch s dng kh mt c chnh h c cui cng (mt khc, kh ng c cch no bn th m gi cui cng tr o kh cui cho bn nhn c n, v bn ny phi gi b mt kha)
A B C A B B C C A
A B C

Nhng nguyn tc ny m r r t nhiu ty chn sp xp cc bn th m gi ng gp to kh Phng php n gin v r rng nh t sp N bn th m gi vo mt vng trn v c N kh qu y qu nh vng trn ny, cho ti khi mi kh u c N bn ng gp xy dng (kt thc vi chnh bn s hu n) v mi bn th m gi u ng gp vo N kh (kt thc vi kh c h) Tuy nhin, iu ny yu cu mi bn phi tnh N s m thnh phn Bng cch chn mt th t ti u hn, ph thuc vo thc t cc kh c th
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Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman trng p, chng t c th gim khi ng tnh ton s m c mi bn og2(N) + 1 s dng phng php Chi tr, c xu t s u y i vi 8 bn: 1. Cc bn A, B, C v D mi bn thc hin tnh ton g a a a a , gi tr ny c gi cho E, F, G, H Ngc i, h cng nhn c g a a a a . 2. Cc bn A v B mi bn tnh g a a a a a a , gi cho C v D, khi C v D cng m vic tng t gi g a a a a a a cho A v B. 3. Bn A tnh ton g a a a a a a a v gi cho B, tng t, B gi i g a a a a a a a cho A C v D cng m vic tng t 4. Bn A tnh s m cui thu c g a a a a a a a a = g a a a a a a a a , trong khi B m iu tng t nhn c g a a a a a a a a = g a a a a a a a a C v D cng m iu tng t 5. Cc bn t E qu H ng thi thc hin tnh ton s dng g bcd m im khi u
A B C D E F G H

E F G H A B

E F G H C D

E F G H C D A

E F G H D C B

E F G H C D B A

A B C D E F G H

E F G H C D A B

A B C D E F G H

S u khi hon thnh thut ton, t t c cc bn th m gi u s hu kh mt g a a a a a a a a , nhng mi bn ch phi tnh ton 4 n s m thnh phn, th y v phi tnh 8 n nh trong sp xp vng trn n gin
A B C D E F G H

2.5. Cc c im c trng ca giao thc tho thun kha Diffie - Hellman. 2.5.1. Giao thc an ton i vi vic t n c ng th ng. Gi o thc n ton i vi vic t n c ng th ng, ngh mt ngi th b d bit bA v bB s kh m bit c KA,B. Xt v d: 1. Alice v Bob thng nh t vi nhau chn s nguyn t p = 17 v g = 2. 2. Alice chn mt gi tr ngu nhin b t k aA = 6 v b mt aA. Alice tnh bA = 26 mod 17 = 13. S u A ice gi bA = 13 cho Bob. 3. Bob chn mt gi tr ngu nhin b t k aB = 9 v b mt aB Bob tnh bB = 29 mod 17 = 2. S u Bob gi bB = 2 cho Alice. 4. Bob nhn c bA = 13 v tnh kha chung: KB = 139 mod 17=13, v b mt KB 5. Alice nhn c bB = 2 v tnh kha chung: KA= 26 mod 17=13, v b mt KA Eve l mt k nghe trm c ta theo di nhng g Alice v Bob gi cho nhau nhng kh ng th th y i ni dung cc cuc lin lc. Eve mun ti thit li nhng thng tin bo mt m Alice v Bob chia s cho nhau. Eve s phi i mt vi mt nhim v thc s kh khn. Di y cc biu gip xc nh ai bit c gi tr no. (Eve l mt k nghe trm.)
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Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman

Alice Bit p = 17 g=5 aA = 6 bA = 26 mod 17 = 13

bB 2 aB mod 17 2

Khng bit aB = ?

KA= 26 mod 17=13

K B 13 aB mod 17 13

K A,B 26 mod17 13aB mod17

KA,B = 13

Bob Bit p = 17 g=2 aB = 9 bB = 29 mod 17 = 2

bA 2 a A mod 17 13

Khng bit aA =?

KB = 139 mod 17=13

K A 2 a A mod 17 13

K A,B 2aA mod17 139 mod17

KA,B= 13 Eve Bit p = 17 g=2

bA 2 a A mod 17 13 bB 2 aB mod 17 2

Khng bit aA = ? aB =? KA,B = ?

K A 2 a A mod 17
K B 13 aB mod 17

K A,B 2aA mod17 13aB mod17

11

Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman Ta th y Eve ri vo tnh th tin thoi ng nam. C y bit c gi tr ca bA, bB v vy c y bit c g a , g a . C y cng bit nhng gi tr ca g v p, nhng i khng bit c cc gi tr ca aA, aB v KA, B y chnh bi ton Diffie - Hellman m khi bit bA, bB tm KA,B, bi ton ny tng ng vi bi ton ph m ElGammal. By gi t i chng minh iu ny. - Php mt m E G mm vi kho K (p, g, , ), trong ga mod p cho t t mt bn r x v mt s ngu nhin k Zp-1 p c mt m eK(x, k) = (y1, y2) vi y1 = gk mod p, y2 = xk mod p V php gii m c cho bi y1 = gk mod p Gi s t c thut ton A gii bi ton Diffie-Hellman. Ta s dng A ph m E G mm nh s u: Cho mt m (y1, y2) Trc tin, dung A cho y1 = gk mod p v ga mod p t c A(y1,B) = gka k mod p S u , t thu c bn r x t kv y2 nh sau:
A B

x = y2(k)-1 mod p. Ngc i, gi s c mt thut ton khc B dng ph m E G mm , tc B (p, g, , y1, y2) = x = y2 (y1a)-1 mod p p dng B cho bA , a 1 1 ) ) a a mod p tc gii y1 = bB, y2 1, t c B( p, , bA , bB ,1) 1 (1.(bB c bi ton Diffie-Hellman. Trn thc t cc gi tr ca p, aA, aB l r t ln. Nu p l s nguyn t c t nh t 300 ch s, aA v aB c t nh t 100 ch s th thm ch ngay c thut ton tt nh t c bit n hin n y cng kh ng th gii c nu ch bit g, p, bA, bB k c khi s dng t t c kh nng tnh ton ca nhn loi Bi ton ny cn c bit n vi tn gi bi ton logarit ri rc. Bi ton logarit ri rc vn cn ng gy r t nhiu tr nh ci v ch c thut gii c th no.
A A B

2.5.2. Giao thc kh ng an ton i vi vic t n cng ch ng. Gi o thc kh ng n ton i vi vic t n c ng ch ng bng cch nh tro gi ng Ngh mt ngi th b Eve c th nh tro cc th ng tin tr o i gia Alice v Bob. Ch ng hn, Eve th y g a m Alice nh gi cho Bob bi g a ' v thay g a m Bob nh gi cho Alice bi g a ' Nh vy, s u khi thc hin gi o thc tr o i kho, A ice p mt kho chung g a a ' vi Eve m vn tng vi Bob; ng thi Bob cng p mt kho chung g a ' a vi Eve m vn tng vi Alice. Eve c
A A B B A B A B

12

Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman th gii m mi th ng bo m Alice tng nhm mnh gi n Bob cng nh mi th ng bo m Bob tng nhm mnh gi n Alice. Mt cch khc phc kiu t n c ng ny m s o Alice v Bob c kim th xc nhn tnh ng n c cc kho c ng kh i bAv bB Ngi t vo gi o thc tr o i kho Diffie-He m n thm v i tr iu phi c mt TA c mt h phn phi kho Diffie-Hellman nh mt cch khc phc nhc im ny Trong h phn phi kho Diffie-He m n, s c n thip c TA r t yu, thc r TA ch m mi vic c p chng ch xc nhn kho c ng kh i cho tng ngi dng ch kh ng i hi bit thm b t c mt b mt no c ngi dng Tuy nhin, nu ch tho mn vi v i tr hn ch c TA th c th cho TA mt v i tr xc nhn yu hn, kh ng in qu n g n kho, ch ng hn nh xc nhn thut ton kim th ch k c ngi dng, cn bn thn cc th ng tin v kho (c b mt n c ng kh i) th do cc ngi dng tr o i trc tip vi nh u Vi cch khc phc c vai tr ht sc hn ch c TA, t c giao thc s u y: 2.6. Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie - Hellman c chng ch xc nhn. Mi ngi dng A c mt d nh tnh ID(A) v mt s ch k vi thut ton k sigA v thut ton kim th verA TA cng c mt v i tr xc nhn, nhng kh ng phi xc nhn b t k th ng tin no in qu n n vic to kho mt m c ngi dng (d kho b mt h y kho c ng kh i), m ch xc nhn mt th ng tin t qu n h khc nh thut ton kim th ch k c ngi dng Cn bn thn cc th ng tin in qu n n vic to kho mt m th cc ngi dng s tr o i trc tip vi nh u TA cng c mt s ch k c mnh, gm mt thut ton k sigTA v mt thut ton kim th cng khai verTA Chng ch m TA c p cho mi ngi A s : C(A) = (ID(A), verA, sigTA (ID(A), verA )). R rng trong chng ch TA kh ng xc nhn b t k iu g in qu n n vic to kho c A c C ch giao thc tha thun kha Diffie - Hellman c chng ch xc nhn Vic tr o i kho gia h i ngi dng A v B c thc hin theo gi o thc s u y: 1. A chn ngu nhin s A (0 A( p-2), tnh bA g a mod p v gi bA cho B. a mod p 2. B chn ngu nhin s B (0 B p-2), tnh bB g a mod p , tnh tip K bA , y B sig B (bA , bB ) v gi (C(Alice), bB, yB) cho A. a mod p dng verB kim th yB , dng verTA kim th C(B), 3. A tnh K bB s u tnh yA= sigA(bA, bB ) v gi (C(A), yA) cho B.
A B B A

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Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman 4. B dng verA kim th yA v dng verTA kim th C(A). Nu t t c cc bc c thc hin v cc php kim th u cho kt qu ng n th gi o thc c kt thc, v c A v B u c c kho chung K Do vic dng cc thut ton kim th nn A bit chc gi tr bB c B v B bit chc gi tr bA c A, oi tr kh nng mt ngi C no khc nh tro cc gi tr gi ng

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Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5

Giao thc tha thun kha Diffie Hellman Ti liu tham kho 1. Gio trnh an ton v bo mt thng tin Trng H Hng Hi 2. Gio trnh an ton bo mt thng tin Trng H Gi o Th ng Vn Ti 3. Whitfie d Diffie, M rtin E He m n, New Directions in Cryptogr phy, IEEE transactions on information theory, Vol. IT-22, No.6, November 1976. 4. A Review of the Diffie-Hellman Algorithm and its Use in Secure Internet Protocols - David A. Carts 5. Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange A Non-M them tici ns Exp n tion http://www.packetsource.com/article/encryption/40070/diffie-hellman-keyexchange-a-non-mathematicians-explanation 6. Discrete Logarithms and Diffie - Hellman. 7. http://www.math.brown.edu/~jhs/MathCrypto/SampleSections.pdf 8. http://bytes.com/topic/c/answers/795749-storing-doing-modulus-long-doubles 9. http://diendan.congdongcviet.com/showthread.php?t=48110 10. http://diendan.congdongcviet.com/showthread.php?t=4155 11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_root_modulo_n 12.http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83n_nguy%C3%AAn_th%E1%BB%A7y_ modulo_n 13. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5656835/generator-gs-requirement-to-be-aprimitive-root- modulo-p-in-the-diffie-hellman?rq=1 14. Cryptography in C and C++ - Michael Welschenbach 2nd Edition (2005) 15. Primitive Roots - David Savtt 16. The Primitive Root Theorem - Philadelphia University 17. New Directions in Cryptography - Invited Paper - Whitfield Diffie and Martin E. Hellman 18. A Review of the Diffie-Hellman Algorithm and its Use in Secure Internet Protocols - David A. Carts 19. Video: Public Key Cryptography- Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Primitive Root Calculator 20. V mt s ti liu v cc trang web khc.

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Nhm 7 : HKHMT2-K5