BI 1: QUN DY MY BIN P A. MC TIU Hc xong bi hc ny sinh vin c kh nng: - Tnh ton qun mi my bin p.

m bo hot ng tt, t cc thng s k thut theo tiu chun k thut in - Sa cha c nhng h hng ca my bin p mt pha B. PHNG TIN THIT B (cho 1 hc sinh/ nhm) STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Chng loi qui cch k thut Li thp my bin p EI My qun dy Thc pan me Thc l, thc cp, dao gt dy, ko M hn thic HAKKO 936 Dy emay Khun nha Giy cch in, ng ghen, ch hn, S lng 1 b 1 chic 1 chic 1 b 1 chic 1 b S lng cho mi my bin p Ghi ch

ng knh theo mu li thp

C. NI DUNG THC HNH I. TNH TON S LIU DY QUN MY BIN P 1 PHA

2. Tnh ton qun li my bin p L dng bi ton m ngi th c trc mt li thp no . T li thp c sn ny kt hp vi cc yu cu cn c khc (thng thng l in p U 2 v U1) s tin hnh xc nh cc thng s cn li sao cho ph hp vi li thp c. a. Tnh ton my bin p cm ng C th tm tt bi ton nh sau: Bit trc: Tit din li thp At; U2; U1. Cn tm: SBA I2 I1; n1; n2; d1; d2 ...
1

Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:

Bc 1: T tit din li thp c tin hnh xc nh dung lng S BA theo biu thc:
S2 = SBA

At .Bm = 1,423.k hd [VA]

(1.47)

(1.2) Trong :

At =1,423.K .

S2 Bm

At: l tit din tnh ton ca li thp [cm2] S2: l cng sut biu kin cung cp ti pha th cp bin p [ VA ] K: l h s hnh dng li thp. Khi l thp dng EI (hnh 1.2) ta c K = 1 1,2 Khi l thp dng UI (hnh 1.3) ta c K = 0.75 0,85 Bm: l mt t thng s dng trong li thp. Ty theo hm lng silic nhiu hay t m chn Bm cao hay thp. Cng ty theo loi l thp c ch to theo dng dn t c nh hng hoc khng nh hng m chn B m cao hay thp. i vi l thp dn t khng nh hng: Bm = (0,8 1,2)T i vi l thp c dn t nh hng: Bm = (1,2 1,6)T.

Bc 2: Xc nh dng in th cp I2:
I2 =

(1.48)

S2 U2

[A]

Bc 3: V li s hon chnh MBA: Bc 4: Tnh s vng dy qun cho mi vn

nv = 1 4,44. f .Bm . At

(1.49)

Trong : Tit din li thp c tnh bng m2 Nu tit din li thp c tnh bng cm2 v f = 50Hz th biu thc trn tr thnh.
nV =

(1.50)

45 Bm . At

Bc 5: Tnh s vng qun cho cun s cp v th cp: *). S vng qun cho cun s cp: (1.51)
n1 = n V . U 1

*). S vng qun cho cun th cp: Khi my bin p mang ti th in p trn ti s st gim mt lng so vi lc khng ti. m bo in p cung cp cho khi my vn hnh th phi tr hao lng st p ny khi tnh ton t (5 15)%.
n2 = nV . (U2 + 5% 15%)

(1.52)

Bc 6: Tnh dng in pha s cp: Tra bng chn hiu sut ca MBA v tnh ra dng in pha s cp (1.53)
I1 =

S2 U 1 . %

S2 ( VA ) (% )

3 60

10 70

25 80
3

50 85

100 1000 90 > 90

Bc 7: Tnh ng knh dy qun: Chn mt dng in thch hp v tnh ng knh dy qun Pha s cp: (1.54)

d1 = 1,13

I1 J

Pha th cp:
d2 = 1,13

(1.55)

I2 J

Vi J l mt dng in (A / mm2); Chn ty vo ch lm vic ca MBA. MBA lm vic lin tc J = (2,5 5) A/mm2. MBA lm vic t J c th chn n 7A/mm2. Bc 8: Tnh h s lp y (kl) H s lp y cho bit b dy cun dy chim ch bao nhiu trong ca s ca li thp
Kl = BD = 0,6 0,7; Ti a l C 0,8

(1.56)

Trong : BD: B dy cun dy C: B rng ca s c =

a 2

Tnh b dy cun dy - Cun s cp c b dy BD1 c tnh t s vng qun n1.

4

- Cun th cp c b dy BD2 c tnh t s vng qun n2. - B dy c cun dy BD = BD1 + BD2 + (1 2)mm. S vng dy qun cho 1 lp:
nvl =

hK d/

(1.57) Trong : hK: Chiu di h ca khun qun d/ : ng knh dy k c cch in S lp dy qun:

nL = n nVL

(1.58)

Trong : n: S vng dy ca tng cun (s hoc th cp) nVL: S vng dy qun cho 1 lp B dy cun dy s hoc th Tnh khi lng dy qun (W)
W = W1 + W2

BD1(2) = nL1(2) . d/i

(1.59) Vi: W1; W2 l khi lng ca cun s cp v th cp. Khi lng ca tng cun dy c tnh theo biu thc.
W1(2) = (1,2 1,3). 8,9. LTB. n.

.d 2
4

(1.60)

10-4

Trong :
5

LTB: L chiu di trung bnh ca mt vng dy (tnh bng dm). n: S vng qun ca cun s cp hoc th cp. d: ng knh dy qun cun s cp hoc th cp (tnh bng mm2). W: L khi lng (tnh bng Kg). * V d p dng: V d 1: Cho mt li thp EI c kch thc nh sau: b=49mm, a=28mm, c=14mm, h=42mm. Hy tnh ton qun li my bin p sao cho in p th cp l 110V. Gii: Ta xc nh thit din thc ca li thp nh sau:
At = 0.92( 2,8.4,9) = 12.62(cm 2 )

Bc 1: T tit din li thp c tin hnh xc nh dung lng S BA theo biu thc:
S2 = SBA

(1.47)

At .Bm = 1,423.k hd

12,6.1,2 2 = (1,423.1,2 ) = 78.68 [VA]

Bc 2: Xc nh dng in th cp I2:
I2 =

(1.48)

S2 78.68 = = 0.71 [A] U2 110

Bc 3: Tnh s vng dy qun cho mi vn

nV =

45 45 = = 3vng Bm . At 1,2.12,6

(1.50)

Bc 5: Tnh s vng qun cho cun s cp v th cp: *). S vng qun cho cun s cp: (1.51)
n1 = nV . U1= 3.220=660 ( vng)

*). S vng qun cho cun th cp: Khi my bin p mang ti th in p trn ti s st gim mt lng so vi lc khng ti. m bo in p cung cp cho khi my vn hnh th phi tr hao lng st p ny khi tnh ton t (5 15)%.
n2 = nV . (U2 + 5% 15%)=3.121=363 ( vng)

(1.52)

Bc 6: Tnh dng in pha s cp: Tra bng chn hiu sut ca MBA v tnh ra dng in pha s cp (1.53)
I1 =

S2 78,68 = = 0,41 U 1 . % 220.0,87

(A)

S2 ( VA ) (% )

3 60

10 70

25 80

50 85

100 1000 90 > 90

Bc 7: Tnh ng knh dy qun: Chn mt dng in J=5A/mm2 Pha s cp:

d1 = 1,13

I1 0,41 = 1,13. = 0,33 J 5

Pha th cp:
I2 = J 0,71 = 0,43 5

d2 = 1,13

Bc 8: Tnh h s lp y (kl)
7

 S vng dy qun cho 1 lp: S cp: d1=0,38 mm:

nvl1 = hk d1
'

42 = 111vng 0.38

Th cp: d2=0,48 mm:

nvl 2 = hk d2
'

42 = 88vng 0.48

S lp dy qun:

S cp

n1 660 nl 1 = = = 6 (lp) nvl1 111 n2 660 nl 2 = = =5 nvl 2 88

Th cp

(lp)

B dy cun dy s cp B dy cun dy th cp B dy c cun dy H s lp y Tnh khi lng dy qun (W)

BD1= nL1. d/1 =6.0,38=2,3 mm BD2= nL2. d/2 =5.0,48=2,4 mm BD= BD1+BD2+ 2=2,3+2,4+2=6,7 Kl=6,7/14=0,5

W = W1 + W2=0,465kg

Vi: W1; W2 l khi lng ca cun s cp v th cp.

W1) = (1,2 1,3). 8,9. LTB. n.
4

.d 2
4

.10-

=0,3 kg

W(2) = (1,2 1,3). 8,9. LTB. n.

4

.d 2
4

.10-

=0,165kg

V d 2: Cho mt li thp EI c kch thc nh sau:

8

b=34mm, a=28mm, c=14mm, h=42mm. Hy tnh ton qun li my bin p sao cho in p th cp l 24V. Gii: Ta xc nh thit din thc ca li thp nh sau:
At = 0.92(2,8.3,4) = 8,8(cm 2 )

Bc 1: T tit din li thp c tin hnh xc nh dung lng S BA theo biu thc:
S2 = SBA

(1.47)

At .Bm = 1,423.k hd

8,8.1,2 2 = (1,423.1,2 ) = 38,24 [VA]

Bc 2: Xc nh dng in th cp I2:
I2 =

(1.48)

S2 38,24 = = 1,6 [A] U2 24

Bc 3: Tnh s vng dy qun cho mi vn

nV =

45 45 = = 4,3vng Bm . At 1,2.8,8

(1.50)

Bc 5: Tnh s vng qun cho cun s cp v th cp: *). S vng qun cho cun s cp: (1.51)
n1 = nV . U1= 4,3.220=946 ( vng)

*). S vng qun cho cun th cp: Khi my bin p mang ti th in p trn ti s st gim mt lng so vi lc khng ti. m bo in p cung cp cho khi my vn hnh th phi tr hao lng st p ny khi tnh ton t (5 15)%.
9

(1.52)

n2 = nV . (U2 + 5% 15%)=4,3.(24+2,4)=114 ( vng)

Bc 6: Tnh dng in pha s cp: Tra bng chn hiu sut ca MBA v tnh ra dng in pha s cp (1.53)
I1 =

S2 38,24 = = 0,24 U 1 . % 220.0,82

(A)

S2 ( VA ) (% )

3 60

10 70

25 80

50 85

100 1000 90 > 90

Bc 7: Tnh ng knh dy qun: Chn mt dng in J=5A/mm2 Pha s cp:

d1 = 1,13

I1 0,24 = 1,13. = 0,248 = 0,25 J 5

Pha th cp:
d2 = 1,13

I2 = J

01,6 = 0,7 5

Bc 8: Tnh h s lp y (kl) S vng dy qun cho 1 lp: S cp: d1=0,3 mm:

nvl1 = hk d1
'

42 = 140vng 0.3

Th cp: d2=0,75 mm:

nvl 2 = hk d2
'

42 = 56vng 0,75

S lp dy qun:
10

S cp

nl 1 =

n1 946 = = 7 (lp) nvl1 140

Th cp

n2 114 nl 2 = = = 2 (lp) nvl 2 56

BD1= nL1. d/1 =7.0,3=2,4 mm BD2= nL2. d/2 =2.0,75=1,5 mm BD= BD1+BD2+ 2=2,4+1,5+2=5,9 Kl=5,9/14=0,42

B dy cun dy s cp B dy cun dy th cp B dy c cun dy H s lp y Tnh khi lng dy qun (W)

W = W1 + W2=0,29kg

Vi: W1; W2 l khi lng ca cun s cp v th cp.

W1) = (1,2 1,3). 8,9. LTB. n.
4

.d 2
4

.10-

=0,26 kg

W(2) = (1,2 1,3). 8,9. LTB. n.

4

.d 2
4

.10-

=0,03kg

b. Phng php tnh ton my bin p t ngu: i vi my bin p t ngu cn lu cc im sau: + Cng dng in trong on cun dy chu ti chung cho c 2 dng in I1 v I2 th ch chu dng in bng hiu ca 2 dng in I=I1-I2 A 0 + Cng sut biu kin cn thit c xc nh nh sau:
I1

S = S m

U cao U thap U cao

B

Khi tin hnh U1 tnh s liu dy qun ca my bin p t ngu ta cng tin hnh cc bc nh trn ch tr lu cc im trn.
IC C 11 I2 U2

Hnh 4.15: My bin p t ngu 220V/110V

Th d: Tnh s liu dy qun ca my bin p gia dng theo yu cu k thut sau: U1= 80V, 120V, 160V, 220V; U2= 50- 75V; I2= 5A- 2A; f=50Hz iu kin tng gim 11 bc 5V/bc. Kch thc mch t nh hnh v sau (mch t c trong xng). B dy l thp 0,5mm; Bm=0,9 wb/m2 v mt dng in j=5A/mm2
28 m m m m

48

a 220V 160V b

I1=2A 75V

Hnh 1.4: Cch o ly kch thc li thp dng E I

120V 80V 11

c d e

I2=5 A 50V

12
1 f 0V

Gii 1. Tit din thc ca li mch t, chn k=0,9 At = 0,9(2,8.4,8)=12,1 (cm2) Kim tra mch t c p ng c cng sut d tinh. Ta c cng sut biu kin:
S = S dm U cao U thap U cao = 250 75 50 = 83,3VA 75

M cng sut cho php ca mch t

Scp = ( S0 2 12,1 2 ) =( ) = 101,67VA. 1,2 1,2

So snh S<Scp vy tha mn iu kin d tnh 2. S vng dy mi vn: Vi B=0.9 ta c

nv = 45 45 = = 4vng / vn At .Bm 12,1.0,9

3. S vng dy cho tng on cun Wab=4.(220-160)= 240 vng Wbc=4.(160-120)= 160 vng Wcd=4.(120-80)= 160 vng Wde=4.(80-5.10)= 120 vng Wbc=4.5=20 vng 4. Tnh tit din dy, ng knh dy
13

 xc nh tit din dy, ng knh dy, cn phi bit on cun dy no chu ti dng in bao nhiu cc trng hp lm vic ca my bin p. - Ngun in 110V: in p ngun khng gim qu 70 V - Ngun in220V: in p ngun khng gim qu 160 V Nu my bin p lm vic trong gi cao im c th chn j= 5A/mm2 Ta c:
S ac =
S cf =

I ac 2 = = 0,4mm 2 J 5
I cfc J = 5 = 1mm 2 5

Tra bng c dy ta c ng knh dac=0,7mm ; dcf=1,15mm ( thun tin trong thi cng qun dy m vn m bo c cng sut ta c th chn 1 loi dy theo dng 0,6I m=0,6.5=3A vy kch thc dy cn tnh l
d =1,13 3 =0,67mm 5

5. Kim tra b dy cun dy Kim tra tng t nh vi my bin p cm ng (cch ly) c. Phng php tnh ton my bin p c phn chnh lu *) Chnh lu mt na chu k:
D ~U UDC R

Quan h gia hiu in p U 2 v dng in I2 cun th cp ca my bin p vi UDC v IDC nh sau: U2=2,22UDC I2=1,57IDC S2=3,5SDC Chn diode vi dng in qua diode Id v in th ngc Ung theo cng thc Id=3,14IDC Ung= 3,14UDC
14

V d:Xc nh in p U2, I2 v P2 cun th cp ca my bieena p khi dng mch chnh lu mt na chu k vi UDC=12V, IDC=10A. Gii in p U2 cun th cp: U2=2,22UDC=2,22.12=26,64V Cng dng in I2 cun th cp:

15

I2=1,57IDC=1,57.10=15,7A Cng sut P2 phn th cp ca my bin p S2=U2I2=3,5.PDC=26,4.15,7=418,25VA C th chn diode vi cc thng s Id= 3,14.IDC= 3,14.10= 31,4A Ung=3,14.UDC=3,14.12=37,68V *) Chnh lu c chu k vi mch cu 4 diode:

D1 ~U2 D4
UDC UDC

D3
UDC

D2
UDC

UDC

Cc dng in I2 v in p U2 phn th cp c xc nh: U2=1,11UDC I2=1,11IDC P2=1,24PDC Chn diode vi dng in v in p ngc nh sau: Id=1,57IDC Ung=0,785UDC V d 2: Mt my bin p st bnh c quy c U DC=12V, IDC=10A mch chnh lu ton b chu k vi chnh lu cu diode Gii in p U2 cun th cp: U2=1,11UDC=1,11.12=13,32V Cng dng in I2 cun th cp: I2=1,11IDC=1,11.10=11,1A Cng sut P2 phn th cp ca my bin p S2=U2I2=13,32.11,1=148VA C th chn diode vi cc thng s Id= 1,57.IDC= 1,57.10= 15,7A Ung=0,785.UDC=0,785.13,32=10,45V
16

*) Chnh lu ton k vi 2 diode Dng in 1 chiu mch chnh lu ny ging vi mch cu 4 diode Ta c: Cc dng in I2 v in p U2 phn th cp c xc nh: U2=1,11UDC I2=1,11IDC P2=1,24PDC Chn diode vi dng in v in p ngc nh sau: Id=1,57IDC Ung=3,14UDC d. Adaptuer v Survotuer (c thm) S nguyn l:
0 0 3 4,5 + + _

11 0 22 0

11 0 22 0

6 7,5 9 1 2 C

22S nguyn l Adaptuer Hnh 1.16: 0 16 0 11 G1 0 8 0 S NGUN VO 9 8 7 6 G2 5 4 3 2 1 0 V C 22 0 Ra ti 0 11 0 C

Hnh 1.17: S nguyn l Survoltuer

17

 Tnh ton theo s Da vo s nguyn l, tnh ton cc thng s ca adaptuer hoc survoltuer theo trnh t bi ton ngc. + i vi adaptuer: Pha th cp c nhiu ng ra. Cn ch gi tr in p ca tng ng tnh s vng qun cho chnh xc. + i vi survoltuer: Cc u dy gallett G 2 s iu chnh c in p ra trong khong 50V. Do c th chia u gi tr in p trong tng cp hoc thng tnh theo t l sau: T s 1 n s 7 mi s cch nhau 5V; t s 7 n s 9 mi s cch nhau 10V. i vi survoltuer Chnh ng h: t G1 v tr 220V; G2 v tr s 1 cp ngun 220V cho my. o kim gi tr thc t ca ngun cung cp. Chnh cho ng h ch ng gi tr in p ngun bng cch thm hoc bt s vng qun ca cun cm ng (Nu ng h ch cao hn th gim bt s vng qun ca cun cm ng v ngc li). Chnh chung: t G1 v tr 220V; iu chnh tng G2 sao cho ng h ch 240V. Chm u dy C trong mch chung in vo cc u t s 9 v s 1 s c nhng v tr chung reo. Gi nguyn u dy C ti v tr chung reo. H G2 t 1 n 2 s: nu chung khng cn reo, th hn u dy C vo im . Cn nu khi h G2 nh trn m chung vn cn reo th phi tm im khc c in p thp hn (di v hng c s cao hn trn gallett G2). i vi Adaptuer: Kim tra cch lp cc diode trong cu chnh lu. Ch cc tnh ca t lc.

Kim tra cc tnh in p ra, ghi k hiu cn thn. Cn ghi k hiu r rng trn cng tc chuyn i 110V/220V. *). Phng php tnh ton my bin p dng cho b np c quy: + Tnh dng in v in p cn np cho c qui
18

 Dng in np:
Inp = Q t

(4.61)

Trong : Q: Dung lng ca c quy [Ah]. t: Thi gian np (7 10)h. in p np:

Unp = ( 1,15 1,25 )Ubnh

(1.62) + Chn mch chnh lu, t tnh ra dng in v in p th cp MBA tng ng: S dng chnh lu cu (4 diode):

(1.63)
I2 = 1,11 Inp; U2 = 1,11 Unp

Dng mch chnh lu sao 1 pha (bin th i xng _ 2 diode):

I2 = 0,785 Inp; U2 = 1,11 Unp

(1.64) + Tip tc tnh ton cc thng s cn li ca MBA tng t hon ton MBA cch ly. + Trng hp MBA np cho nhiu bnh c quy ng thi th trc tin phi chn phng n np ri sau mi tnh cc bc t 1 n 3. Trng hp np song song: Inp tng ln; Unp khng i.

Trng hp np ni tip: Inp khng i; Unp tng ln. V d: Xc nh cc thng s ca MBA dng cho b np c qui. Bit rng ph ti l mt bnh c qui c dung lng 45Ah; Ubnh = 12V.
19

Gii: Dng in np v in p np cho c qui: Inp =

Q 45 = = 4,5A (chn t = 10h) t 10

Unp = (1,15 1,25) Ubnh = 1,15.12 = 13,8 V; chn Unp = 15V. Chn mch chnh lu cu: I2 = 1,11 Inp = 1,11. 4,5 = 4,995A 5A; U2 = 1,11 Unp = 1,11. 15 = 16,65V 17V; Vy dung lng bin p trong trng hp ny l S BA = U2. I2 = 17. 5 = 85VA. Cn nu chn mch chnh lu sao 1 pha th: I2 =0,785 Inp = 0,785. 4,5 = 3,5A; U2 = 1,11 Unp = 1,11. 15 = 16,65V 17V; Vy dung lng bin p trong trng hp ny l S BA = 2U2.I2 = 2.17. 3,5 = 119VA. Gii thiu mt s s np in cho c quy:
+12 + 6 0 -6 1CD - 12 6V DC 12V DC

11 0

22 0

2CD _

Hnh 1.18: Mch np acquy 6V/12V _ DC; Ng vo chuyn i

110V/220V

220V

6 G1 12 24 G2 + DC _

Hnh 4.19: Mch np acquy 6V/ 12V/ 24V _ DC;

Ng vo 220V iu chnh c

20

II. THI CNG QUN B DY MY BIN P 1 PHA 1. Chun b khun. a. Phng php gia cng khun qun dy bng giy cch in Khi dng giy cch in lm khun qun dy my bin p, ta phi chn giy cch in c dy khong 1mm (nu khun 1 lp) hoc 0,5 mm (khi thc hin khun 2 lp). Giy cch in lm khun phi cng, c bn c hc. Kch thc ca li g v ca giy cch in c tnh ton nh sau:

ng gp

Phn giy c ct b

Kch thc ca giy cch in

Giy cch in d dng lm khun sau khi b cc din tch khng cn thit
b

a'

21

Tm cch in che cnh dy qun

a' Li G

Li g phi c kch thc quan h vi li thp nh sau: - Kch thc a =a+1+2x( b dy ca vt liu lm khun) - Kch thc b =b+1+2x( b dy ca vt liu lm khun) - Kch thc c=c-(1+ b dy ca vt liu lm khun) - Kch thc h ca li g bng cao h ca ca s li thp. - Kch thc d=b+c+(2030) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

Phng php gp giy cch in bc quanh li g v lng tm cch in che cnh dy qun c thc hin theo hnh v nh sau:

22
Phng php gp giy cch in bc quanh li g

Phng php lng tm cch in che cnh dy qun

Ch phi dng keo dn nh v cc tm giy cch in (tai ca khun qun) vo khun qun dy Sau khi thc hin ch cho cc lp keo dn kh hn cho li g thot khi khun qun dy v dng l thp E m kim tra li (nu cn thit dng ko ta nh hnh nhng v tr d tha) cao ca khun phi thp hn hoc bng ca s li thp.

23

Thot li g v m th l thp vo khun qun dy

b. Dng khun nha c sn Chng ta c th dng khun nha c sn khi kch thc khun tng thch vi kch thc li thp. Chn theo phng php ny, khng tn thi gian lm khun, nhng phi thc hin cng tc chun b lm sch cc cnh khun nha trc khi qun dy V kh nng chu nhit ca khun nha khng cao so vi cc vt liu cch in khc: bakelite, carton cch in, d dng trong qu trnh ch to b dy ca khun nha thng bng hay ln hn 1mm, nh vy b cao hiu dng ca ri dy qun s nh hn b cao ca s li thp lm gim thp s vng dy qun b tr cho mi lp. Khi chn la khun cn ch n b b ca li thp. Gi tr b dy li thp c xc nh trong qu trnh tnh ton s vng dy, s nh hn b dy li thp trong thc t, do ba v cc cnh mi l thp lm tng dy ca li thp trong qu trnh lp ghp. Trong qu trnh thi cng, trc khi thi cng chng ta nen ghp ton b cc l thp vo khun nha xc nh kh nng cha ca khun, nu khun kh rng so vi b dy loi thp, d sinh ra hin tng rung v ting n, ngc li nu khun qu
24

hp ta khng th ghp ht ton b l thp vo khun nh vy s lng tnh ton s sai lch.

Khun nha dng qun dy v phng php ghp li thp th khun

2. Qun b dy. BC 1 :Lp rp li g v khun qun dy vo bn qun . Vi cc bin p c cng sut nh, ng knh dy qun nh hn 0,5mm chng ta c th s dng cc bn qun (hay tay qun dy) c t s truyn ng 1/10 hay 1/5. T s truyn ng 1/10 tng ng vi mt vng quay tay bng 10 vng quay ca trc qun. T s bin tc ca trc quay tay so vi trc qun dy cng chnh lch xa, lc cng dy cng tng , dy qun cng st; tuy nhin vi ng knh dy qu nh c kh nng lm t dy ti cc thi im bt u quay, hay ti cc thi im ngng quay t ngt. Vi cc bin p c ng knh dy qun ln hn 0,5 mm, chng ta nn dng bn qun dy c t l 1/1. Tc quay cng thp cng d dng iu chnh nh hc trong qu trnh xp dy qun.
25

Hnh dng ca mt b khun v li g sau khi c lp trn tay qun trnh by trong hnh v sau
BOULON V RONDELLE GI PHA TRONG

BOULON V RONDELLE GI PHA NGOI

KHUN QUN DY

M CHN GI THNG HAI MT KHUN QUN DY

Mp ra dy ca V tr bt u qun khun v tr trn cng

dy c nh v sao cho:

+ Cn ca tay quay bn qun nm v tr thp nht + Cc mp ca khun qun dy ti pha ra dy pahir c nh v nm pha trn cng

26

Cn tay quay v tr thp nht

V tr bt u qun dy sau khi lp khun qun dy ln bn qun

BC 2 :Gi cc u dy ra trc khi bt u qun dy qun s cp . Thng thng thun li cho vic xp dy qun, chng ta thng chn b dy c ng knh nh b tr bn trong, b dy c ng knh ln hn c b tr bn ngoi. Thc hin theo phng php ny chng ta trnh gp hin tng lm cng mt ngoi lp men cch in khi dy qun i qua cc giao bc cch tuyn ca cc mt phngGhen xp dy; trnh c s c lm bong v lp men cch in u ra dy in ti cc v tr chuyn hng trong qu trnh chuyn mt xp dy qun. Ngoi ra chng ta cn ch n v tr cc u ra dy ca mi b dy qun; to tnh m thut cho cun dy bin p sau qu trnh thi cng. Hai u ra ca cng mt b dy nn b tr ra mt mt v xp cng pha . Chng ta cn quan tm gi tr chn l ca s lp dy qun ca mi cun dy. Nu s lp c gi tr l, hai u dy ra thng c khuynh hng nm hai pha i nhau, xem hnh:
Cc vng dy qun n ln lp bng vi gi u dy

bng vi gi u dy ra

Tm bng keo gp i gi u ra dy

Tm bng keo th 2 dn nh v tm bng keo th nht gi u ra dy

27

Phng php gi cc u ra, lc bt u qun cun dy bin p

V tr bt u qun vng dy u tin

V tr bt u qun vng dy u tin

V tr bt u qun vng dy u tin

Hng di dy qun (khi qun lp th 1) Hng di dy qun (khi qun lp th 2) Hng di dy qun (khi qun lp th 3)

V tr cc u ra dy khi 28 s lp ca cun dy c gi tr l. (Hai u dy ca cun dy nawmg khc pha).

Vi s lp dy qun c gi tr l, mun xp cc u dy ra ca b dy nm trn cng mt mt v xp cng pha, ta c th chn v thi cng theo mt trong hai phng n sau: + Chn trc v tr ra dy tng ng cho u dy bt u qun c hai dy ra xp cng mt pha + Thc hin cch ra v qun dy nh va trnh by sau khi hon tt qu trnh qun cc b dy; khi hn dy ra chng ta hiu chnh v tr cho cc u ra ca dy qun.

Gen bc cho u dy ra

Hng di dy qun khi qun lp th nht

Hng di dy qun khi qun lp th 2

29

V tr cc u ra dy khi s lp ca cun tr l; sau khi hiu chnh vng dy u tin cc u ra dy xp cng pha

V tr ra u dy trn vng dy cui cng dy c gi

Hng di dy qun khi qun lp th 3

Bng keo gi vng dy u tin

Cc tm bng keo gi dy khc

Ghen bc cch in u ra dy

Cc tm Bng keo gi dy khc V tr lm cm lp dy qun

Cc vng dy qun k tip gi vng dy u tin

30

Vi phng phap ra au day theo hnh v , dung hieu chnh hai au ra cua cuon day xep cung mat va cung pha (khi so lp day quan le); chung ta nhan thay day quan se b com v tr canh day ra au tien. Nh vay trong qua trnh quan, chung them bua nha e go ep sat day quan trong trng hp ng knh day quan ln hn 0,7 mm. Trong qua trnh s dung bua nha , chung ta phai tai lc go theo phng thang goc vi mat phang rai day quan, vi lc va u; khi go phai dung tay dan e gi lc tai iem tac ong. ta phai s dung

BC 3 :Phng phap lot giay cach ien lp gia cac lp day quan. Sau khi thc hien u so vong day quan mot lp, trc khi quan tiep lp th nh, chung ta can lot giay cach ien lp . Cong dung cua lp giay lot cach ien lp c trnh bay nh sau: Tao lp e phang e quan lp day ke tiep, tranh cac hien tng ua day quan do lc cang cua lp th hai tac ong len cac vong day quan cua lp au tien (xem hnh 2.7). Vi phng phap lot cach ien lp co gap m
31

bien, vong day au cua lp th nh c nh v co nh va chong hien tng ua chay day quan. Tuy nhien, nhc iem cua cong nghe nay lam tang be day cuon day hai pha mep ba. Muon khac phuc tnh trang nay, chung ta phai: Dung o day cua giay cach ien lp va u. o day gap m khong qua d. ong thi trong qua trnh quan day chung ta phai dung bua nha e anh sat cac vong day pha lp giay gap m.

Bo day quan khi hoan tat

32

Lp gp m ca cch in lp

Dy qun sau khi thc hin mt lp cch in lp

Phng php lt cch in lp

Thao tac dung bua nha nh hnh nen thc hien lien tuc khi quan c mot hay hai lp; khong nen s dung phng phap nh hnh nay khi a hoan tat toan bo day quan ; v luc o chung ta can tac dung lc kha ln de gay h hong lp men cach ien cua day quan (tai v tr tac ung lc). ieu chu y khi dung bua nha nh hnh cac mep cuon day; chung ta nen s dung them mot lp go thang va day khi tac ong lc. Thao tac nay giup cho day quan khi nh hnh van gi hnh dang c thang; khong b bien dang do chu lc tac dung cuc bo .

BC 4 : Phng phap rt gi au ra day khi hoan tat cuon day quan. Khi thc hien quan con khoang mi vong day th ung gia tr yeu cau , chung ta dng lai va bo tr bang vai (hay bang giay cach ien) e gi au ra day. V tr bo tr bang vai co the thc hien hai mat: mot pha mat ra day va mot phan dien cua mat
33

ra day , xem hnh 2.7. Sau o, chung ta tiep tuc quan tiep so vong con lai, cac vong day quan cuoi nay c quan e len bang vai hay bang giay gi au day. Khi en vong day cuoi cun t oan day quan tach ri khoi r d cua phan bang vai (hay bang e gi sat va chat au ra day,

3. Hon chnh cc u ra dy
trnh thao tac e quan cac bo day khac con lai, thc hien tng t theo tng bc a trnh bay nh tren. Sau khi quan xong cac bo day, chung ta can han cac day mem noi cac au day ra trc khi lap ghep cac la thep vao bo day. Trnh t han cac day mem vao cac au ra day (cua cac

Qui

34

bo day quan) tien hanh theo cac cong oan nh sau: Cao sach lp men boc tai cac oan day au ra day. Xi ch cac au ra day. Lam sach lp oxid ong bam tren au oan day mem can han noi. Nen dung ma mau cho cac day noi e chung ta co the anh dau : cc tnh cua cac bo day; ien ap nh mc. Xoan day mem theo hnh xoan oc om quanh than oan au noi can han. Han ch moi noi, e hi nguoi xo gen boc om quanh moi han. oan gen phai phu che d hai au moi han va che kn moi han (xem hnh 2.9). Sap xep cc u ra dy song song, dng bng keo dn gi chat co nh cac au ra Sau cng dng giy cch in bc quanh pha ngoi cun dy qun.

35

4. Lp ghp cc l thp vo cun dy

Sau khi hoan tat cong oan neu trong cac bc 1 en bc 5; chung ta thc hien cong oan lap ghep cac la thep vao cuon day va thi cong. Khi thc hien thao tac lap ghep cac la thep, chung ta can chu y : Ghep het toan bo cac la thep ch E vao cuon day; sau o mi ghep cac la thep ch I sau. Moi lan ghep ch nen cho vao tng la mot (neu be day moi la thep la 0,5mm); trong trng hp be day moi la thep la 0,35mm chung ta co the nhap 2 la chu E ghep vao cuon day cung mot luc. Khi ghep la thep E chung ta nen chen hai oan pha au (nam gan cac mat ra day) mot vai v tr : tai o co 2 la E c nhap chung ghep cung 1 luc. Cac v tr dung e chen them cac la thep E sau cung, khi chung ta khong con kha nang ep sat loi thep e a cac la thep E sau cung vao cuon day. Sau khi ghep la thep ch E xong chung ta chen vao cac v trong cac la thep I, so lng la thep ch I chen vao moi v tr phai bang so thep E ang co tai

36

v tr o. Sau khi, a ghep cac la thep E va I vao cuon day, chung ta dung bua ong sat cac la thep E va I gan lai vi nhau, lam giam thap khe h khong kh. Khi tac ong lc e don sat cac la thep E, I, chung ta nen at toan bo bien ap len mot tam go phang, sau o dung bua tac ong lc len mat tren loi thep. Nen tac ong lc len loi thep thong qua lp go trung gian, khong nen tac ong lc trc tiep len loi thep. Trong qua trnh tac ong lc don sat cac la thep, ta nen thay oi mat (tr mat) c tac dung lc. Sau khi ghep hoan chnh loi thep vao cuon day, dung Ohm ke kiem tra lai cach ien gia cuon day vi loi thep; cach ien gia cac bo day vi nhau; kiem tra tnh lien lac gia cac vong day trong tng bo day quan. Cap nguon ien vao day quan s cap, o dong ien khong tai va kiem tra ien ap ra tren th cap; kiem tra lai t so bien ap.

Hng ghpl l thp E ghep cuon vo cun da dy qun

Hng

37

*) Hn 2 u dy vo-ra: Cc u dy vo ra ca hai cun dy phi nm cng mt pha ca tai khun. Vi nhng MBA dng c dy ng knh rt nh, cc u dy vo ra ngi ta khoan hai l st nhau tai khun qun vi vng dy ca cc u ra phng dy qu nh rt d t. Nhiu khi cc u ra ca cc loi dy qu nh, ngi ta gn mt ming tn st hoc tn ng ri hn cc u dy ra ca cun dy v cc u dy ngun v ti. Dy ngun v ti s dng loi dy si n, mm. Ty theo cng sut MBA m chn dy ngun, ti c tit din ph hp.

5. Th nghim: S dng m k kim tra cch in gia 2 cun dy, gia cun dy vi li st. Nu 2 cun dy chm nhau hoc chm li st phi tho ton b ri qun dy li. u in ngun kim tra in p U2 c ng thit k khng. 6. Sy s b: Thng trong iu kin mi trng m thp, lp may v ba cch in rt d ht m nn phi sy s b cho kh hi m. 7. Tm sn cch in: Thng cc MBA lm vic trong iu kin mi trng m thp phi tm sn cch in. Sau khi sy s b phi tm sn cch in bng cch: - Nhng ton b MBA vo sn cch in n lc khng thy bt kh ni ln na mi ly MBA ra. - sn cch in t t vo cc cun dy. 8. Sy li v xut xng: Sau khi tm sn phi sy li cho kh sn, kim tra cch in, U2 mt ln na ri cho xut xng. III. CC PAN THNG THNG TRONG MY BIN P
38

1. Pan chm masse: - Trng hp ny gy hin tng in git, nu km s n cu ch, bc khi nh th do s chm masse lm chp mch cun dy. -C th do b chm gia cc cc ni vi v st hoc c s c ni tt gia cc cc ni cc do din. Dng n th hoc m k kim tra cc im cn lu xc nh ni b chm, chp mch... sau sa cha li cho ht b chm masse. -Nu my bin p vn vn hnh bnh thng, th ni b chm ch c 1 ch, c th ng dy ra cc ni b trc lp cch in chm vo v bc my bin p hoc cc ni b lng lo chm b bc hoc chm masse lp dy tip cn vi mch t. Trng hp sau cng ny, nu quan st khng thy c ch chm masse. -Nu my bin p vn vn hnh bnh thng m gy s git nh. Trng hp ny my bin p khng b chm masse m do my bin p b m, in tr cch in b suy gim (nu dng bt th in thy cch in bng M-gm k sao cho trn 1 M l tt. Nu khng t, lp cch in b lo ho cn phi qun li ton b. 2. My bin p ang vn hnh b n cu ch: -Nu my bin p b pht nhit thi qu, c th l do mch tiu th qu ln. Thay li dy ch ng c v cho my bin p vn hnh khng ti, nu vn bnh thng chng t lc trc my bin p lm vic qu ti. -Nu my bin p vn hnh khng ti m cu ch vn n th chc chn my bin p chp vng trong cun dy, phi qun dy li. -i vi my bin p c cng sut nh th s chp vng kh lm cu ch n ngay nhng c s pht nhit rt nhanh. -i vi my bin p np c quy, chnh lu ton k, lu diode b hng ni tt. Hoc mc nhm 2 cc (+) v cc (-) vo bnh c quy (Hnh 1.27) -Nu my bin p b pht nhit thi qu, c th l do mch tiu th

Hnh 1.27: Cc s c i 39 vi my bin p np c quy

3. My bin p vn hnh b rung ln, km s pht nhit: -Do dng in tiu th qu ln, qu cng sut ca my nn my bin p rung ln pht ting r, lu pht nhit nhanh, chng chy my bin p. khc phc cn gim bt ti. -Do mc khng ng vi in p ngun, nhm vo ngun c in p cao. -Do mch t ghp khng cht. Phi sit cht li cc bulong p gia cc l st ca mch t v tm verni vo cun dy v vo cc khe h chn cng cc l st li, dnh cht hn. -Do bn cht l st ca mch t km phm cht, qu r st hoc qun thiu vng dy. 4. My bin p khng vn hnh: -Nu n bo khng sng hoc khng cm thy my bin p rung nh nh do c dng in vo, th lu ng dy vo b h mch, cc ni dy vo khng tip in, hoc tip xc xu o in. -Nu n bo sng, vn k hot ng m in p ly ra khng c, phi xem li cc ni dy ra b tip in xu, t dy ra... Dng vn k hoc bt th in d tm xc nh ch pan khc phc. -Nu b h mch bn trong cun dy, c th do mi ni dy cu th, khng hn ch nn tip in xu sau mt thi gian s dng, hoc dy qun b gy t... Trng hp ny phi tho ra qun li. -i vi np c quy, c th diode chnh lu b hng t mch. Trng hp ny d pht hin khi dng vn k o c in p xoay chiu U2, nhng khng c in p ra UDC ch cn thay mi diode m thi. 5. My bin p lc vn hnh, lc khng: -Nhn chung do ngun in cung cp vo my bin p lc c, lc khng hoc in p ra b t qung, chnh l do tip xc xu. Nn kim tra li t ngun in cung cp n my bin p v t my bin p n mch tiu th. Lu ni cu dao
40

chnh, xit li cc c vt xit dy ch cho cht, co sch ni tip in ht ten ng ti cu dao chnh, cc cc ni my bin p.. 6. Mt s pan trong my bin p gia dng: Ngoi s pan nu trn i vi my bin p gia dng c c mt s pan nh sau: -Chung bo sm nhng in p ra vn khng cao do tc te iu khin chung b hng, nn thay ci mi. -Chung khng bo, mc d in p ra qu in p nh mc. Do tc te b hng lm h mch chung, cun dy chung b chy. -n bo khng sng nhng my bin p vn hot ng bnh thng. Do b t bng, mch n b h mch. -Vn k ch sai tr s in p. Hiu chnh li v i chiu vi vn k chun hoc thay vn k mi. -Khng tng c in p ra n in p nh mc. Do in p ngun xung qu thp ngoi khong cho php ca my bin p hoc do qu ti (my bin p rung rn ln). Trng hp ny do s thit k my bin p, cun s cp qun d vng nn c tr khng ln gy s st p ln bn trong cun dy. V th khng th nng in p ln c, khi in p ngun b suy gim thi qu. 7. Mt s pan trong my bin p np c quy: Ngoi s pan ni chung, cn ring i vi my bin p xc c quy c cc trng hp sau: My bin p pht nhit thi qu, n cu ch hoc cng tc bo v qu ti (OVERLOAD) ca my xc ct mch. Cn phi xem li bnh c quy c b chm ni tt khng. Hoc diode chnh lu ton k b ni ngn mch. My bin p mi vn hnh pht ting rung r v pht nhit. Cn ct mch ngay, v do ni nhm cc cc (+) v cc (-) vo bnh c quy, gy ra dng in np ln trong my bin p. Nu lu c th lm hng diode, chy my bin p (trng hp khng c cng tc bo v qu ti). My bin p np bnh yu. Do in p xc bnh thp hn in p ca c quy. Lu 1 diode b hng t (chnh lu cu 4 diode), khng xc bnh c (chnh lu bn k). D. NHIM V THC HNH 1. Tnh ton s liu dy qun my bin p mt pha 2. Thi cng qun dy bin p mt pha
41

3. Hon chnh cc ddaaud dy ra 4. Lp ghp cc l thp vo cun dy 5. Sn tm cch in 7. Bo co kt qu H.TN: MSSV: Lp: Nhm TT: NI DUNG BO CO CA SINH VIN NH GI KQ (ca gio vin) BO CO KT QU THC HNH Tn BT: MSMH MSBT Ngy

1. Kt qu ly mu - ng knh trong stator Dt= - S rnh Z= - Hnh dng rnh: - Kch thc: h= - Kiu qun: - S cc - s nhm bi / pha = - Cch ni gia cc nhm bi / pha: - S vng/bi= ng knh dy d= S bi /nhm= h R= a= b rng ming rnh= Chiu ai li thp L=

2. Cc s liu qun mi - ng knh dy qun:

42

- S vng dy/bi: - Chu vi khun qun: 3. Kt qu kim tra khng in - in tr cch in: RAB= RA0= - in tr cun dy: RA= - Kt lun v cht lng b dy: ; RBC= ; RB0= ; R B= ; RCA= ; RC0= ; RC =

4. Kt qu kim tra khi vn hnh - Dng in khng tairn cc pha - Dng in tng 3 pha - tc - pht nhit 5. Thi gian thc hin my Kt qu bi tp 2) I. KHI NIM CHUNG V DY QUN

1. Khi nim chung v dy qun Dy qun cua may in quay c b tr hai bn khe h trn loi thep cua phn tnh hoc cua phn quay. No la b phn chnh thc hin s bin i nng lng c in trong may. Mt cach tng quat co th chia dy qun may in quay ra lam hai loai : dy qun phn cam (dy qun kch t ); dy qun phn ng. Dy qun phn cam co nhim vu sinh ra t trng khe h luc khng tai. T trng nay trong cac may in quay thng co cc tnh thay i (hinh 9.1 va 9.2), ngha la b tr cc N va S xen ke nhau.
43

Stator

Rotor Dy qun tp chung ca my in ng b Dy qun phn ng co nhim vu cam ng c mt s nht nh khi co chuyn ng tng i trong t trng khe h va tao ra st cn thit cho s bin i nng lng c in. Ro rang rng nu t trng khe h co cc tnh thay i th s cam ng la s xoay chiu. Stator

Rotor Dy qun ri ca my in ng b

44

2. Cc yu cu k thut - i vi dy kch t th tao ra t trng hnh sin khe h, con dy qun phn ng am bao co s va dong in tng ng vi cng sut in t cua may. - Kt cu dy qun phai n gian. - t tn nguyn vt liu. - B v c, in, nhit, hoa. - Lp rap va sa cha d dang. II. NHNG C S V S DY QUN 1. Bi dy, cnh tc dng.
Nu cac cc t N va S xen ke nhau quanh khe h, dy qun phn ng c hnh thanh t t hp cac bi dy (phn t) vi nhau. Mi bi dy cua dy qun xp (hnh 9.3a) hoc dy qun song (hnh 9.3b) gm co N vong dy. Cac phn ab, cd c t trong ranh cua loi thep goi la cac canh tac dung, con ad, bc nm ngoai ranh goi la phn u ni.

2. Bc cc. Bc cc la khoang cach gia hai cc t lin tip nhau.

=
Z 2p

(rnh)

Trong o, Z la s ranh, 2p s cc t.

3. Bc dy qun y : Bc dy qun y la khoang cach gia hai canh tac dung cua mt phn t.
45

y=

Z 2p

(rnh)

Vy y phai la s nguyn. Co cac trng hp: y = dy qun bc u.

dy qun bc dai.

dy qun bc ngn.

Mun co s cam ng trong phn t dy qun ln nht ept.max th y = 4. S ranh cua mt pha di mt cc t :
q= Z 2mp

(ranh).

Trong o, m la s pha; con q co th la s nguyn, cung co th la phn s. 5. Goc in gia hai ranh canh nhau :
=
360 p Z

( in) ( in)

6. Vung pha cua dy qun:

= q.

7. Dy qun mt lp, dy qun 2 lp a. Dy qun mt lp

+ Dy qun mt lp : la dy qun trong mt ranh ch t mt canh tac dung. Nh vy s phn t cua dy qun :
S= Z 2

trong o S la s phn t; Z la s ranh.

b. Dy qun hai lp
46

+ Dy qun hai lp: la dy qun mt ranh t hai canh tac dung cua hai phn t khac nhau. Nh vy s phn t : Z=S

III.

PHN LOI DY QUN

1. Phn theo s pha. Dy qun mt pha. Dy qun hai pha. Dy qun ba pha. 2. Phn theo bc dy qun. Dy qun bc u. Dy qun bc dai. Dy qun bc ngn. 3. Phn theo cach ni cac phn t. Dy qun xp. Dy qun song. 4. Phn theo hnh dang phn t dy qun. Dy qun ng khun. Dy qun ng tm. Dy qun phn tan ...

hiu ro cach ni cac phn t dy qun ta dung s khai trin. S khai trin la s nhn c bng cach ct phn ng bng mt ng thng song song vi truc may ri trai no ra trn mt mt phng.

IV. PHNG PHP V S DY QUN (S TRI ) STATOR NG C KB 3 PHA MT LP, q L S NGUYN.

1. Dy qun mt lp

Xet s khai trin dy qun mt lp cua may in xoay chiu co s liu sau: Z = 24; 2p = 4; m =3. Gii
47

+ Tnh cac ai lng c trng cua dy qun:

+ Dng hnh sao sc in ng

Ta thy:
Canh tac dung th 112 hnh thanh hnh sao s, cac tia lch pha nhau 300, i cc t th nht (hnh 9.6a). Canh tac dung th 1324 hnh thanh hnh sao s, i cc t th hai, do co v tr ging nhau trong t trng, nn hoan toan trung vi hnh sao cua i cc t th nht. t mt cung = 600 xac nh c vung pha, t o ta bit c canh tac dung cua tng pha. + Cach ni dy qun: y = 6, va ni nh sau: Pha A: (1-7), (2-8); (13-19), (14-20). Pha B: (5-11), (6-12); (17-23), (18-24).
48

Pha C: (9-15), (10-16); (21-3), (22-4). S khai trin dy qun:

T s khai trin ta thy: + Mi pha co hai nhom phn t dy qun. + Mi nhom co q phn t dy qun. + Cac phn t cua mt nhom phai mc ni tip nhau. (Khng song song ?) + Cac nhom co th mc ni tip hoc mc song song phu thuc vao in ap. + Dy qun gm cac phn t co kch thc ging nhau goi la dy qun ngkhun (hnh v trn). Xac nh s cua mt pha: Cng cac vect thuc pha o lai. Ta nhn thy rng tr s s cua mt pha khng phu thuc th t ni cac canh tac dung thuc pha o. V du pha A co th ni cac canh tac dung theo th t (1-8), (2-7) di i cc t th nht va (13-20), (14-19) di i cc t th hai. Nh vy ta co th ni cac canh tac dung cua cac phn t cac pha theo th t sau: Pha A: (1-8), (2-7); (13-20), (14-19). Pha B: (5-12), (6-11); (17-24), (18-23). Pha C: (9-16), (10-15); (21-4), (22-3). Vi cach ni dy qun nh trn, ta co s khai trin dy qun

49

T hnh 9.8, ta thy: Cac bi dy ging nh nhng vong tron ng tm goi la dy qun ng tm. y la dy qun d t ng hoa trong qua trnh t dy qun vao ranh. Khi thc hin dy qun ng tm phai be phn u ni mi nhom ln chung khng chng cheo nhau. Cac kiu dy qun ng tm, ng khun goi la dy qun tp trung v cac nhom phn t tp trung di cac cc t nht nh. Co th ni cac canh tac dung cua cac phn t theo th t khac la (2-7), (8-13) va (14-19), (20-1). Nh vy ta co th ni cac canh tac dung cua cac phn t cac pha theo th t sau : Pha A: (2-7), (8-13); (14-19), (20-1). Pha B: (6-11), (12-17); (18-23), (24-5). Pha C: (10-15), (16-21); (22-3), (4-9). Vi cach ni trn ta c s khai trin dy qun phn tn

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2. Dy qun 2 lp Co hai loai : dy qun xp va dy qun song. u im : Lam bc ngn cai thin dang song s. Nhc im: Lng dy va sa cha kho khn. a/ Dy qun xp: (thng dng cho nhng my c cng sut trung bnh v ln) Xet dq xp hai lp co: Z=24; 2p=4; m=3. + Xc nh cc i lng c trng ca dy qun

+ Ve hnh sao s cac phn t.

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T hnh sao s, ta thy: Cac phn t lch pha nhau mt goc 300. T hnh 9.10, ta thy : + Pha a co cac phn t: 1,2,7,8; 13,14,19,20. + Pha a co cac phn t: 5,6,11,12; 17,18,23,24. + Pha a co cac phn t: 9,10,15,16; 21,22,3,4. Cach ni cac pha: y1 = 5 Pha A: lp trn: 1 2 7 8 13 14 19 20 Lp di: 6 7 12 13 18 19 24 1 Pha B: lp trn: 5 6 11 12 17 18 23 24 Lp di: 10 11 15 17 22 23 4 5 Pha C: lp trn: 9 10 15 16 21 22 3 4 Lp di: 14 15 20 21 2 3 8 9 Ve s khai trin: Ve cho pha a con pha b va c ve tng t Ta thy: + Do q = 2 nn mi cc t co hai phn t. 9

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+ Cac phn t trong mi nhom phai mc ni tip nhau. + Cac nhom co th mc song song hoc ni tip phu thuc in ap. + S nhanh song song nhiu nht bng s cc t (n 2p).

b/ Dy qun song : (dng cho rto ca dng c rto dy qun vi cng sut trung bnh v ln) vi Z = 24, 2p = 4, m = 3. Hnh 9.12.

Dy qun sng l dy qun c qun lin tc do vy khng cn lng ni ph dy qun sng khi thc hin bc ngn ta ch t c mt yu cu l ci thin dng sng cn khng tit kim c vt liu.
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Khi thc hin dy qun mt rnh ta thc hin theo 2 chiu mi chiu l q vng quay stator Ch : Khi quay li vng th 2 ca bt k chiu no chng ta phi ly bc dy qun th 2 (khong cch gia cnh tc dng th 2 ca nhm dy qun 1 vi cnh tc dng th nht ca nhm dy qun th 2)
' y2 = y2 1

Tc l phi tin ln hoc li li mt rnh khi trng vi rnh xut pht sau li tip tc qun nh vng th nht. Bc ca dy qun sng c tnh:
y=

Bc dy qun th nht y1= Bc dy qun th hai y2= y-y1

Z = 6q p

V. PHNG PHP V S DY QUN (S TRI ) STATOR NG C KB MT PHA Khi mun v li s b dy qun ca ng c 1 pha, cn ly cc s liu c th trn ng c: - Dy qun (ng tm hay ng khun) - tng s rnh ca stato (ZS) - s cc t ca ng c (2P) - s nhm cun dy cho mi pha (pha chy v pha ) - Bc cc cun dy trong nhm cun pha chy - Bc cc cun dy trong nhm cun pha Lu : Trn stato ca ng c mt pha, pha chy c c dy ln hn c v dy trc, cn pha c c dy b hn c v dy sau. Thng thng: s cc t ca ng c bng s nhm ca cun dy pha chy bng s nhm ca cun dy pha *)Tnh cc s liu c bn: + Bc cc t:
=
ZS 2P

(rnh)

+ Tnh phn b u cc nhm cun dy ca pha chy trn stato bng cng thc sau:
X = Ynh + 1

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Trong : X l s rnh chung ca hai nhm cun (N) v (S) k cn chng cnh dy chung mt rnh Ynh Bc ca nhm cun tnh t cnh u nhm n cnh cui nhm. i vi nhm cun ng tm Ynh =Y1 ln nht + Quy i lch pha = 90 0 in gia pha chy v pha bng khong cch tnh theo s rnh
=
Zs 4P

1. Dy qun 1 lp Gi Qa l s rnh ca cun lm vic Qb l s rnh ca cun khi ng + Qa=Qb nu l bi ca 2 + Qa=2Qb nu l bi ca 3 + Qa=3Qb nu l bi ca 4 Ta tnh ton nh sau: Bc cc t:
=
Z 2p

S rnh ca cun lm vic trn mt bc cc: S rnh ca cun khi ng trn mt bc cc:

qa =

Qa 2p

qb =

Qb 2p

V D: V s trin khai dy qun ng khun tp trung mt lp ca ng c KB 1 pha vi Z=24, 2p=4 Gii: Bc cc t:

=
Z 24 = =6 2p 4

(rnh)

Qa=2Qb nn Qa=16; Qb=8 rnh S rnh ca cun lm vic trn mt bc cc: S rnh ca cun khi ng trn mt bc cc:
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qa = Qa 16 = = 4(rnh) 2p 4

qb =

Qb 8 = = 2(rnh) 2p 4

Gc lch pha gia cc rnh: r

180 180 = = 30 6

( in)

2. Dy qun 2 lp Ta tin hnh tnh ton nh sau: Xc nh cc tham s: ; q; r Chn phn s Qa; Qb; suy ra qa; qb Da vo ; q a phn b s rnh/ bc cc v s rnh/ pha/ bc cc Xc nh v tr cho cc cnh tc dng nm lp trn

2 Bc bi dy: y 1 3
V d: V s trin khai dy qun xp ng khun tp chung 2 lp ng c KB 1 pha Z=24, 2p=4. Gii: Bc cc t:
=
Z 24 = =6 2p 4

(rnh)

Qa=2Qb nn Qa=16; Qb=8 rnh S rnh c a cun lm vic trn mt bc cc:

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qa = Qa 16 = = 4(rnh) 2p 4

S rnh ca cun khi ng trn mt bc cc: Gc lch pha gia cc rnh: r

= 180 180 = = 30 6

qb =

Qb 8 = = 2(rnh) 2p 4

( in)

Bc bi dy:

2 6 y 6 1= 4 y 5 3

chn y=5

V tr cc bi dy c b tr nh sau: Cun lm vic: Lp trn: (1,2,3,4)-(7,8,9,10)-(13,14,15,16)-(19,20,21,22) Lp di: (6,7,8,9)-(12,13,14,15)-(18,19,20,21)-(24,1,2,3) Cun khi ng: lp trn: (5,6)-(11,12)-(17,18)-(23,24) Lp di: (10,11)-(16,17)-(22,23)-(4,5) 3. Dy qun SIN S bi dy ln nht cha trong mt nhm ph thuc vo: chn hay l, kiu nhm bi mn rnh hoc khng mn rnh
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 chn:
+ Khng mn rnh /2 + C mn rnh /2 nhng gia nhm c mt rnh trng

l:
+ Khng mn rnh ( -1)/2 gia nhm c mt rnh trng + C mn rnh ( +1)/2

Ch : Chn: Kiu cun lm vic v cun khi ng ging nhau L: Nu cun lm vic mn rnh th cun khi ng khng mn rnh v ngc li V d: v s tri dy qun sin cho ng c KB 1 pha c Z=24, 2p=4. Bit rng cun lm vic c dng khng mn rnh Gi:
=
Z 24 = =6 2p 4

chn nn c 2 cun dy u c dng khng mn rnh

S bi dy ln nht cha trong mt rnh l: /2=3 bi
r =
180 180 = = 30 ( 6

in)

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