Cac Dang Toan Huu Co Tong Hop 11NC

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA) Ti liu gm:Bi tp: hidrocacbon no,khng no,thm;
; dn xut halogen ancol phenol;114 cu trc nghim anehit-xeton-axit cacboxylic, 100 cu trc nghim dn xut halogen-ancol-phenol;xc nh CTPT ha huc
BI TP I CNG HA HC HU C Kin thc cn nh:

I. THNH PHN NGUYN T: 1. nh lng C v H: t chy a(g) HCHC thu c - Tnh khi lng cc nguyn t: mC = 12 n CO2 = 12 m CO2 44 mH = 2 n H2O = 2 m H .100% a m N .100% a m H2O 18 m CO2 (g) m H2O (g)
- Tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc nguyn t: m .100% %C = C a 2. nh lng N:
%H =
mN = 28 n N2 3. nh lng O: mO = a (mC + mH + mN) * Ghi ch: - Nu cht kh o kc (00C v 1atm): n = - Nu cht kh o iu kin khng chun: P.V n= 0 R.(t C + 273) 4. Xc nh khi lng mol: - Da trn t khi hi: d A/B = V(l) 22,4
%N =
%O = 100% - (%C + %H + %N)
P: p sut (atm) V: Th tch (lt) R 0,082
mA MA d A/B = MA = MB.dA/B mB MB
Nu B l khng kh th MB = 29 M = 29.dA/KK - Da trn khi lng ring a(g/ml): Gi V0 (lt) l th tch mol ca cht kh c khi lng ring a(g/ml) trong cng iu kin th M = a.V0 - Da trn s bay hi: Lm ha hi m(g) hp cht hu c th th tch n chim V lt. T tnh khi lng ca mt th tch mol (cng k) th chnh l M. Ha hi Cng iu kin VA = VB nA = nB II. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC: Da vo khi lng hay (%) cc nguyn t. C x H y Oz N t (x, y, z, t nguyn dng) x:y:z:t= mC m H mO m N %C % H %O % N : : : : : : hoc x : y : z : t = =::: 12 1 16 14 12 1 16 14
TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

III. Lp CTPT hp cht hu c: 1. Da vo phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t: 12x y 16z 14t M = = = = mC mH mO mN m Hoc 12x y 16z 14t M = = = = %C %H %O %N 100% 2. Thng qua CTGN: T CTGN: CHON) suy ra CTPT: (CHON)n. M = ( 12 + + 16 + 14 )n CTPT n = 12 + + 16 + 14 3. Tnh trc tip t khi lng sn phm t chy: C x H y Oz N t + ( x + M m Do : y z y t ) xCO2 + H 2O + N 2 4 2 2 2 44x mCO2 9y m H 2O 14t mN2
M
M 44x 9y 14t = = = m mCO2 mH2O mN2 Sau khi bit c x, y, t v M ta suy ra z Dng 1: Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC Bi 1. t chy hon ton 0,92 g HCHC thu c 1,76 g CO 2 v 1,08 g H2O. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC. Bi 2. t chy hon ton 7,75 g vitamin C (cha C, H, O) thu c 11,62 g CO2 v 3,17 g H2O. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong phn t vitamin C. Bi 3. Oxi ho hon ton 0,6 g HCHC A thu c 0,672 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v 0,72 g H 2O. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A. Bi 4. Oxi ho hon ton 0,135 g HCHC A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha KOH, th thy khi lng bnh 1 tng ln 0,117 g, bnh 2 tng thm 0,396 g. th nghim khc, khi nung 1,35 g hp cht A vi CuO th thu c 112 ml (ktc) kh nit. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A. Bi 5. Oxi ho hon ton 0,46 g HCHC A, dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha KOH d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,54 g bnh 2 tng 0,88 g. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A. Bi 6. A l mt cht hu c ch cha 2 nguyn t. Khi oxi ho hon ton 2,50 g cht A ngi ta thy to thnh 3,60 g H2O. Xc nh thnh phn nh tnh v nh lng ca cht A. Bi 7. Khi oxi ho hon ton 5,00 g mt cht hu c, ngi ta thu c 8,40 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 4,5 g H2O. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong hp cht hu c . Bi 8. t chy hon ton 2,50 g cht A phi dng va ht 3,36 lt O 2 (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c CO 2 v H2O, trong khi lng CO 2 hn khi lng H2O l 3,70 g. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong A. Bi 9. Oxi ho hon ton 6,15 g cht hu c X, ngi ta thu c 2,25 g H 2O; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt N2 (cc th tch o ktc). Dng 2: Lp CTPT hp cht hu c

Bi 1. Nilon 6, loi t nilon ph bin nht c 63,68% C; 9,08 % H; 14,14% O; v 12,38% N. Xc nh CTGN ca nilon 6. Bi 2. Kt qu phn tch cc nguyn t trong nicotin nh sau: 74% C; 8,65% H; 17,35% N. Xc nh CTGN ca nicotin, bit nicotin c khi lng mol phn t l 162. Bi 3. t chy hon ton 5,6 g HCHC A thu c 13,2 g CO 2 v 3,6 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 28. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bi 4. t chy hon ton 0,30 g cht A (cha C, H, O) thu c 0,44 g CO 2 v 0,18 g H2O. Th tch hi ca ca 0,30 g cht A bng th tch ca 0,16g kh oxi ( cng k v nhit v p sut). Xc nh CTPT ca cht A. Bi 5. T tinh du hi, ngi ta tch c anetol mt cht thm c dng sn xut ko cao su. Anetol c khi lng mol phn t bng 148 g/mol. Phn tch nguyn t cho thy, anetol c %C = 81,08%; %H = 8,10% cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN v CTPT ca anetol. Bi 6. Hp cht X c phn tm khi lng C, H, O ln lt bng 54,54%; 9,10% v 36,36%. Khi lng mol phn t ca X bng 88. Xc nh CTPT ca X. Bi 7. T tinh du chanh ngi ta tch c cht limonen thuc loi hirocacbon c hm lng nguyn t H l 11,765%. Hy tm CTPT ca limonen, bit t khi hi ca limonen so vi heli bng 34. Bi 8. t chy hon ton HCHC A cn va 6,72 lt O 2 ( ktc) thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 5,4 g H2O. Bit t khi hi ca A so vi khng kh gn bng 1,0345. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bi 9. t chy hon ton 2,20 g cht hu c X ngi ta thu c 4,40 g CO2 v 1,80 g H2O. 1. Xc nh CTGN ca cht X. 2. Xc nh CTPT cht X bit rng nu lm bay hi 1,10 g cht X th th tch hi thu c ng bng th tch ca 0,40 g kh oxi cng k nhit v p sut. Bi 10. t chy hon ton 2,85 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c CO2 v H2O theo t l khi lng 44 : 15. 1. Xc nh CTGN ca X. 2. Xc nh CTPT ca X bit rng th khi hi ca X i vi C2H6 l 3,80. * Bi 11. t chy hon ton 4,45 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy gm c 3,15 g H2O v 3,92 lt hn hp kh gm CO2 v N2 (ktc). Xc nh CTGN ca X. Bi 12. HCHC A c thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t nh sau: C chim 24,24%; H chim 4,04%; Cl chim 71,72%. 1. Xc nh CTGN ca A. 2. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A i vi CO2 l 2,25. Bi 13. Tm CTPT cht hu c trong mi trng hp sau: 1. t chy hon ton 10 g hp cht, thu c 33,85 g CO 2 v 6,94 g H2O. T khi hi ca hp cht so vi KK l 2,69. 2. t chy 0,282 g hp cht v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl 2 khan v KOH thy bnh ng CaCl2 khan tng thm 0,194 g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,80 g. Mt khc t chy 0,186 g cht , thu c 22,4 ml nit ( ktc). Phn t ch cha mt nguyn t nit. Bi 14. t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22 g CO 2 v 0,09 g H2O. Khi xc nh clo trong lng cht bng dd AgNO3 ngi ta thu c 1,435 g AgCl. Bi 15. Phn tch mt HCHC cho thy: c 2,1 phn khi lng C li c 2,8 phn khi lng O v 0,35 phn khi lng H. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c trn bit 1,00 g hi cht ktc chim th tch 373,3 cm3. Bi 16. t chy hon ton 0,9 g HCHC A thu c 1,32 g CO 2 v 0,54 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 45. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bi 17. t chy hon ton 100 ml hi cht A cn 250 ml oxi to ra 200 ml CO 2 v 200 ml hi H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut. Bi 18. Khi t 1 lt kh A cn 5 lt oxi sau p thu c 3 lt CO 2 v 4 lt hi H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut.

Bi 19. T genol (trong tinh du hng nhu) iu ch c metylgenol (M = 178 g/mol) l cht dn d cn trng. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t ca metylgenol cho thy: %C = 74,16%; %H = 7,86%, cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN, CTPT ca metylgenol. Bi 20: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau: a. Tnh phn nguyn t: 85,8%C; 14,2%H; d A/H2 = 28 b. 51,3%C; 9,4%H; 12%N; 27,3%O; dA/KK = 4,035 S: C4H8; C5H11O2N Bi 21: Tm CTPT ca mi cht trong tng trng hp sau: a. t chy 0,6g cht hu c A th thu c 0,88g CO2 v 0,36g H2O v d A/H2 = 30 b. t chy 7g cht hu c B th thu c 11,2 lt CO 2 (kc) v 9g H2O. Khi lng ring ca B kc l 1,25g/l c. t chy hon ton 10g cht hu c C thu c 33,85g CO 2 v 6,94g H2O. T khi hi ca C so vi khng kh l 2,69. S: C2H4O2; C2H4; C6H6 Bi 22: t chy hon ton m(g) mt Hydrocacbon A th thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (kc) v 3,6g H2O. a. Tnh m v % khi lng cc nguyn t trong A ? b. Xc nh CTN; CTPT ca A bit d A/H2 = 8 S: 1,6g; 75%; 25%; CH4 Bi 23: Tm CTN v CTPT ca mi cht trong tng trng hp sau: a. t chy 0,176g hp cht A sinh ra 0,352g CO2 v 0,144g H2O. Bit dA/KK = 1,52. b. Phn tch 0,31g cht hu c B (C; H; N) th thu c 0,12g C v 0,05g H. Bit d B/H2 = 15,5 c. Phn tch cht hu c D th thy c 3 phn khi lng C th c 0,5 phn khi lng H v 4 phn khi lng O. Bit d D/H2 = 30 S: C2H4O; CH5N; C2H4O2 Bi 24: t chy hon ton 0,9g mt cht hu c c thnh phn gm cc nguyn t C, H, O ngi ta thu c 1,32g CO2 v 0,54g H2O. Khi lng phn t cht l 180vC. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c ni trn ? S: C6H12O6 Bi 25: t chy hon ton 5,2g hp cht hu c A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh H 2SO4 th khi lng bnh tng 1,8g v qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th c 15g kt ta. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit d A/O2 = 3,25 S: C3H4O4 Bi 26: t chy hon ton mt lng Hydrocacbon A ri cho ton b sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng H2SO4 ri qua bnh hai ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh mt tng 0,36g v bnh hai c 2g kt ta trng. a. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong A ? b. Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 0,965 ? c. Nu ta thay i th t hai bnh trn th tng khi lng mi bnh ra sao sau th nghim ? S: 85,71%; 14,29%; C2H4; tng 1,24g v khng i Bi 27: t chy hon ton 10,4g hp cht hu c (A) ri cho ton b sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng H2SO4 ri qua bnh hai ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh mt tng 3,6g v bnh

hai c 30g kt ta trng. Khi ha hi 5,2g (A) thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6g kh O 2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Xc nh CTPT ca (A) ? S: C3H4O4 Bi 28: t chy 0,45g cht hu c A ri cho ton b sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th c 112 cm3 N2 (kc) thot ra khi bnh, khi lng bnh tng 1,51g v c 2g kt ta trng. a. Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit rng 0,225g A khi th kh chim mt th tch ng bng th tch chim bi 0,16g O2 o cng iu kin ? b. Tnh khi lng Oxy cn cho phn ng chy ni trn ? S: C2H7N; 1,2g Bi 29: t chy hon ton 3,2g mt cht hu c A ri dn sn phm qua bnh cha nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh tng 13,44g v c 24g kt ta. Bit dA/KK = 1,38. Xc nh CTPT ca A ? S: C3H4 Bi 30: t chy hon ton 0,6g cht hu c A ri cho sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d thy c 2g kt ta v khi lng bnh tng thm 1,24g. a. Tm CTN ca A ? b. Tm CTPT ca A bit 3g A c th tch bng th tch ca 1,6g O2 trong cng iu kin ? S: C2H4O2 Bi 31: t chy hon ton 2,46g cht hu c A ri dn sn phm qua bnh mt cha H 2SO4 v bnh hai cha Ca(OH)2 d thy thot ra 224ml N2 (kc) v khi lng bnh mt tng 0,9g v khi lng bnh hai tng 5,28g. a. Tm CTN ca A ? b. Tm CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 4,242 ? S: C6H5O2N Bi 32: t chy hon ton 0,369g hp cht hu c A sinh ra 0,2706g CO 2 v 0,2214g H2O. un nng cng lng cht A ni trn vi vi ti xt bin tt c Nit trong A thnh NH 3 ri dn kh NH3 ny vo 10ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. trung ha lng H2SO4 cn d ta cn dng 15,4ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit phn t lng ca n l 60vC ? S: CH4ON2 Bi 33: t chy 0,282g hp cht hu c v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl 2 khan v KOH, thy bnh CaCl2 tng thm 0,194g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,8g. Mt khc t 0,186g cht hu c thu c 22,4ml N2 (kc). Tm CTPT ca hp cht hu c bit rng trong phn t cht hu c ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ? S: C6H7N Bi 34: t chy hon ton 0,4524g hp cht hu c (A) sinh ra 0,3318g CO 2 v 0,2714g H2O. un nng 0,3682g cht (A) vi vi ti xt bin tt c Nit trong (A) thnh NH 3 ri dn NH3 vo 20ml dd H2SO4 0,5M. trung ha axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH3 cn dng 7,7ml dd NaOH 1M. Hy a. Tnh % cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c (A) ? b. Xc nh CTPT ca (A) bit rng (A) c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC ? S: 20%; 6,67%; 46,77%; 26,56%; CH4ON2 Bi 35: Khi t 1 lt kh (A) cn 5 lt Oxy, sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO 2 v 4 lt hi nc. Xc nh CTPT ca (A) bit cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut ? S: C3H8 Bi 36: t chy hon ton 100ml hi cht (A) cn 250ml Oxy to ra 200ml CO 2 v 200ml hi nc. Tm CTPT ca (A) bit rng cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut ?

S: C2H4O Bi 37: Trn 10ml Hydrocacbon A vi 60ml O2 (d) ri t. Sau phn ng lm lnh thu c 40ml hn hp kh, tip tc cho hn hp kh qua nc vi trong d th cn 10ml kh. Tm CTPT ca A ? Bit rng tt c cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut. S: C8H12 Bi 38: t 200cm3 hi mt cht hu c cha C; H; O trong 900cm3 O2 (d). Th tch sau phn ng l 1,3 lt sau cho nc ngng t cn 700cm 3 v sau khi cho qua dung dch KOH cn 100cm 3. Xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c ? Bit rng cc kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut. S: C3H6O Bi 39: Trn 400ml hn hp kh gm N2 v mt Hydrocacbon A vi 900ml O2 (d) ri t chy. Th tch hn hp kh v hi sau khi t chy l 1,4 lt. Lm ngng t hi nc th cn li 800ml kh. Cho kh ny li qua dung dch KOH d th cn 400ml. Cc kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Tm CTPT ca A ? S: C2H6 Bi 40: Trn 10ml mt Hydrocacbon kh vi mt lng O2 d ri lm n hn hp ny bng tia la in. Lm cho hi nc ngng t th th tch ca hn hp sau phn ng thua th tch ban u 30ml. Phn kh cn li cho qua dung dch KOH th th tch hn hp gim i 40ml na. Xc nh CTPT ca Hydrocacbon bit rng cc th tch o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut. S: C4H8 Bi 41: t chy 5,8g cht hu c A th thu c 2,65g Na 2CO3 v 2,25g H2O v 12,1g CO2. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng trong phn t A ch cha mt nguyn t Natri ? S: C6H5ONa Bi 42: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c cha C; H; Cl sinh ra 0,44g CO 2 v 0,18g H2O. Mt khc khi phn tch cng lng cht c mt ca AgNO3 thu c 2,87g AgCl. a. Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c ? b. Xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c bit d CHC/H 2 = 42,5 ? S: CH2Cl2 Bi 43: t chy hon ton 1,5g cht hu c A ri dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng CaCl 2 v bnh hai ng dung dch KOH th khi lng bnh mt tng 0,9g v khi lng bnh hai tng 1,76g. Mt khc khi nh lng 3g A bng phng php uyma th thu c 448ml N2 (kc). Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 2,59 ? S: C2H5O2N Bi 44: Tm CTN v CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau: a. Phn tch A th thy: mC : mH : mO = 4,5 : 0,75 : 4 v 10 lt hi A kc nng 33g. b. Oxy ha hon ton mt Hydrocacbon B bng CuO un nng. Khi phn ng xong thu c 1,44g H2O v nhn thy khi lng ca CuO gim 3,84g v d B/N2 = 2 . S: C3H6O2; C4H8 Bi 45: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau: Bit rng cc kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut. a. Khi t 1 lt kh A th cn 5 lt O2 v sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi nc. b. t chy 100ml hi cht B cn 250ml O2 to ra 200ml CO2 v 200ml hi nc. S: C3H8; C2H4O Bi 46: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau:

a. Mt cht hu c c khi lng phn t bng 26vC. Khi t chy cht hu c ch thu c CO 2 v H2O. b. t chy mt Hydrocacbon th thu c 0,88g CO2 v 0,45g H2O. S: C2H2; C4H10 Bi 47: t chy hon ton 0,59g cht hu c A cha C; H; N th thu c 1,32g CO 2 v 0,81g H2O v 112ml N2 (kc). Tm CTPT ca A bit d A/O2 = 1,84 ? S: C3H9N Bi 48 : t 0,366g hp cht hu c (A) thu c 0,792g CO 2 v 0,234g H2O. Mt khc phn hy 0,549g cht (A) thu c 37,42g cm3 Nit (270C v 750mmHg). Tm CTPT ca (A) bit rng trong phn t ca (A) ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ? S: C9H13O3N
*
Bi 49*: t chy hon ton 0,01mol cht hu c (B) bng mt lng Oxy va l 0,616 lt th thu c 1,344 lt hn hp CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi lm ngng t hi nc, hn hp kh cn li chim th tch 0,56 lt v c t khi i vi Hydro bng 20,4. Xc nh CTPT ca (B) bit rng cc th tch kh o trong iu kin tiu chun v (B) ch cha mt nguyn t Nit ? S: C2H7O2N Bi 50*: Khi t 18g mt hp cht hu c phi dng 16,8 lt oxy (kc) v thu c kh CO 2 v hi nc vi t l th tch l VCO2 :VH 2O = 3:2 . T khi hi ca hp cht hu c i vi Hydro l 36. Hy xc nh CTPT ca hp cht ? S: C3H4O2
CC BI TON HIROCACBON
Ghi nh: I. CC PHN NG DNG TNG QUT:
1. Gi CT chung ca cc hydrocacbon l C n H 2 n +2 2 k a.Phn ng vi H2 d (Ni,to) (Hs=100%) ,t C n H 2 n +2 2 k + k H2 Ni C n H 2 n +2 hn hp sau phn ng c ankan v H2 d Ch : Phn ng vi H2 (Hs=100%) khng bit H2 d hay hydrocacbon d th c th da vo M ca hh sau phn ng. Nu M <26 hh sau phn ng c H2 d v hydrocacbon cha no phn ng ht b.Phn ng vi Br2 d: C n H 2 n +2 2 k + k Br2 C n H 2 n +2 k Br2 k c. Phn ng vi HX C n H 2 n +2 2 k + k HX C n H 2 n +2 k X k d.Phn ng vi Cl2 (a's'k't') C n H 2 n +2 2 k + k Cl2 C n H 2 n +2 2 k Cl k +xHCl e.Phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 2 C n H 2 n +2 2 k +xAg2O NH x C n H 2 n +2 2 k x Ag x + xH 2 O 2) i vi ankan: CnH2n+2 + xCl2 ASKT CnH2n+2-xClx + xHCl K: 1 x 2n+2 CnH2n+2 Crackinh K: m+x=n; m 2, x 2, n 3. CmH2m+2 + CxH2x 3) i vi anken: + Phn ng vi H2, Br2, HX u tun theo t l mol 1:1 + Ch phn ng th vi Cl2 cacbon C CH3-CH=CH2 + Cl2 500 ClCH2-CH=CH2 + HCl 4) i vi ankin: + Phn ng vi H2, Br2, HX u tun theo t l mol 1:1 hay 1: 2
o

,t VD: CnH2n-2 + 2H2 Ni CnH2n+2 + Phn ng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 2CnH2n-2 + xAg2O 2CnH2n-2-xAgx + xH2O K: 0 x 2 * Nu x=0 hydrocacbon l ankin ankin-1 * Nu x=1 hydrocacbon l ankin-1 * Nu x= 2 hydrocacbon l C2H2. 5) i vi aren v ng ng: + Cch xc nh s lin kt ngoi vng benzen. n Br2 = l s lin kt Phn ng vi dd Br2 n hydrocacbon
o
ngoi vng benzen.
+ Cch xc nh s lk
trong vng:
nH2
= + n hydrocacbon * vi l s lk nm ngoi vng benzen * l s lk trong vng benzen. Ngoi ra cn c 1 lk to vng benzen s lk tng l + +1. VD: hydrocacbon c 5 trong c 1 lk to vng benzen, 1lk ngoi vng, 3 lk trong vng. Vy n c k=5 CTTQ l CnH2n+2-k vi k=5 CTTQ l CnH2n-8
Phn ng vi H2 (Ni,to):
II. MT S CH TRONG TON HIROCACBON:

1. Khi t chay hidrocacbon thi cacbon tao ra CO 2 v hidro tao ra H 2O. Tng khi lng C va H trong CO2 va H2O phai bng khi lng cua hidrocacbon. Thi du: t chay hoan toan m gam hn hp gm CH 4, C3H6 va C4H10 thu c 17,6g CO2 va 10,8g H2O. m co gia tri la: A) 2g B) 4g C) 6g D) 8g.
17 10,8 12 + 2 B 6 gam . 44 18
Suy lun: mhn hp = mC + mH =
3n + 1 2. Khi t chay ankan thu c nCO 2 < nH2O va s O2 CnH2n+2 + 2 mol ankan chay = s mol H2O
nCO2
+ (n + 1) H2O
Thi du 1: t chay hoan toan 0,15 mol hn hp 2 ankan thu c 9,45g H 2O. Cho san phm chay vao dung dich Ca(OH)2 d thi khi lng kt tua thu c la: A. 37,5g B. 52,5g C. 15g D. 42,5g Thi du 2: t chay hoan toan hn hp 2 hidrocacbon lin tip trong day ng ng thu c 11,2 lit CO 2 (ktc) va 12,6g H2O.Hai hidrocacbon o thuc day ng ng nao? A. Ankan B. Anken C. Ankin D. Aren Thi du 3:t chay hoan toan hn hp gm 1 ankan va 1 anken. Cho san phm chay ln lt i qua binh 1 ng P 2O5 d va binh 2 ng KOH rn, d thy binh 1 tng 4,14g, binh 2 tng 6,16g. S mol ankan co trong hn hp la: A. 0,06 B. 0,09 C. 0,03 D. 0,045 Thi du 5: t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol hn hp gm CH 4, C4H10 va C2H4 thu c 0,14 mol CO2 va 0,23 mol H2O. S mol ankan va anken co trong hn hp ln lt la: A. 0,09 va 0,01 B. 0,01 va 0,09 C. 0,08 va 0,02 D. 0,02 va 0,08 3. Phan ng cng cua anken vi Br2 co ti l mol 1: 1.

Thi du: Cho hn hp 2 anken i qua binh ng nc Br 2 thy lam mt mau va u dung dich cha 8g Br 2. Tng s mol 2 anken la: A. 0,1 B. 0,05 C. 0,025 D. 0,005 4. Phan ng chay cua anken mach h cho nCO2 = nH2O Thi du : Mt hm hp khi gm 1 ankan va 1 anken co cung s nguyn t C trong phn t va co cung s mol. Ly m gam hn hp nay thi lam mt mau va u 80g dung dich 20% Br 2 trong dung mi CCl4. t chay hoan toan m gam hn hp o thu c 0,6 mol CO2. Ankan va anken o co cng thc phn t la: A. C2H6, C2H4 B. C3H8, C3H6 C. C4H10, C4H8 D. C5H12, C5H10 5. t chay ankin: Nco2 > nH2O va nankin (chay) = nCO2 nH2O Thi du : t chay hoan toan V lit (ktc) mt ankin th khi thu c CO 2 va H2O co tng khi lng 25,2g. Nu cho san phm chay i qua dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c 45g kt tua. V co gia tri la: A. 6,72 lit B. 2,24 lit C. 4,48 lit B. 3,36 lit 6. t chay hn hp cac hidrocacbon khng no c bao nhiu mol CO 2 thi sau o hidro hoa hoan toan ri t chay hn hp cac hidrocacbon no o se thu c by nhiu mol CO 2. o la do khi hidro hoa thi s nguyn t C khng thay i va s mol hidrocacbon no thu c lun bng s mol hidrocacbon khng no. Thi du: Chia hn hp gm C3H6, C2H4, C2H2, thanh 2 phn u nhau:t chay phn 1 thu c 2,24 lit CO 2 (ktc). Hidro hoa phn 2 ri t chay ht san phm thi th tich CO 2 thu c la: A. 2,24 lit B. 1,12 lit C. 3,36 lit D. 4,48 lit 7. Sau khi hidro hoa hoan toan hidrocacbon khng no ri t chay thi thu c s mol H 2O nhiu hn so vi khi t luc cha hidro hoa. S mol H2O tri hn bng s mol H2 a tham gia phan ng hidro hoa. Thi du: t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol ankin thu c 0,2 mol H 2O. Nu hidro hoa ho toan 0,1 mol ankin nay ri t chay thi s mol H2O thu c la: A. 0,3 B. 0,4 C. 0,5 D. 0,6 9.Da vao cach tinh s nguyn t C va s nguyn t C trung binh hoc khi lng mol trung binh + Khi lng mol trung binh cua hn hp:
m M = hh nhh
+ S nguyn t C:
n=
nco2 nC X HY
+ S nguyn t C trung binh:
n=
nCO2 nhh
n =
n1a +n2b a +b
Vi du 1: Hn hp 2 ankan la ng ng lin tip co khi lng la 24,8g. Th tich tng ng cua hn hp la 11,2 lit (ktc). Cng thc phn t ankan la: A. CH4, C2H6 B. C2H6, C3H8 C. C3H8, C4H10 D. C4H10, C5H12. Vi du 2: t chay hoan toan hn hp 2 hidrocacbon mach h, lin tip trong day ng ng thu c 22,4 lit CO 2 (ktc) va 25,2g H2O. Cng thc phn t 2 hidrocacbon la: A. CH4, C2H6 B. C2H6, C3H8 C. C3H8, C4H10 D. C4H10, C5H12 Vi du 3: Cho 14g hn hp 2 anken la ng ng lin tip i qua dung dich nc Br 2 thy lam mt mau va u dd cha 64g Br2.Cng thc phn t cua cac anken la: A. C2H4, C3H6 A. 1:2 B. 2:1 B. C3H8, C4H10 C. 2:3 C. C4H10, C5H12 D. 1:1 D. C5H10, C6H12 Ty l s mol 2 anken trong hn hp la:

Thi du 4: Cho 10,2g hn hp khi A gm CH 4 va anken ng ng lin tip i qua dd nc brom d, thy khi lng binh tng 7g, ng thi th tich hn hp giam i mt na. Cng thc phn t cac anken la: A. C2H4, C3H6 A. 15%, 35% B. C3H6, C4H10 B. 20%, 30% C. C4H8, C5H10 C. 25%, 25% D. C5H10, C6H12 D. 40%. 10% 2. Phn trm th tich cac anken la:
III. CC DNG TON HIROCACBON

Dng 1: Xc nh CTPT ca mt Hidrocacbon Phng php: + Gi CTTQ ca hidrocacbon ( Ty vo d kin ta gi CTTQ thch hp nht ) + S dng cc phng php xc nh CTPT hc Bi 1. Hirocacbon A c MA > 30. A l cht kh iu kin thng. t chy A thu c CO 2 v nc theo t l mol l 2 : 1. A l cht no trong s cc cht sau: A. butin-1 B. axetilen C. vinylaxetilen D. propin Bi 2(C-08). t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO 2 v 0,132 mol H2O. Khi X tc dng vi kh clo (theo t l s mol 1:1) thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Tn gi ca X l A. 2-Metylbutan. B. etan C. 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2-Metylpropan. Bi 3. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol anken X thu c CO 2 v hi nc. Hp th hon ton sn phm bng 100 gam dung dch NaOH 21,62% thu c dung dch mi trong nng ca NaOH ch cn 5%. La chn cng thc phn t ng ca X. A. C2H4 B. C3H6 C. C4H8 D. C5H10. Bi 3. t chy hon ton mt ankin X thu c 10,8 gam H 2O. Nu cho tt c sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng nc vi trong th khi lng bnh tng thm 50,4 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H2. B. C3H4. C. C4H6. D. C5H8. Bi 4. Khi t chy 1lt kh X cn 5 lt O 2 , sau phn ng thu c 3 lit CO2 v 4 lt hi nc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X bit th tch cc kh c o cng iu kin v nhit v p sut. A: C3H8 B: C3H8O C: C3H4 D: C3H6O Bi 5. Cho 0,5 lt hn hp hirocacbon A v kh CO 2 vo 2,5 lt O2 (ly d) ri t. Sau phn ng, th tch ca hn hp sn phm l 3,4 lt. Dn hn hp sn phm qua thit b lm lnh th tch cn li 1,8lt v sau khi cho li qua KOH ch cn 0,5lt kh thot ra (Cc th t]ch o cng iu kin). a) Xc nh A. A: C2H6 B: C3H8 C: C4H10 D: Cu B ng b) % th tch ca A v CO2 trong hn hp u ln lt l: A: 80 v 20 B: 70 v 30 C: 60 v 40 D: 50 v 50 Bi 6. t chy 400 ml hn hp gm hirocacbon v H2 vi 900 ml O2 (cn d) th tch kh thu c l 1,4 lt. Sau khi cho hi nc ngng t cn 800 ml. Cho hn hp ny li qua dung dch KOH c th cn 400ml cc kh o cng iu kin. Tm cng thc phn t Hirocacbon. A: C4H6 B: C3H6 C: C2H6 D: Cu B ng Bi 7. t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon X ri cho ton b sn phm chy ln lt qua ng (I) ng P 2O5 d, ng (II) ng KOH d thy t l khi lng tng ng (I) v ng (II) l 9:44. Vy X l A. C2H4. B. C2H2. C. C3H8. D. C3H4. Bi 8. (C - 2007) Khi cho ankan X (83,72% khi lng cacbon trong phn t) tc dng vi clo theo t l mol 1:1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut monoclo ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l A. butan B. 2- metylpropan C. 2,3-imetylbutan D. 3-metylpentan. Bi 9. (KA 2007) Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Cl = 35,5) A. C4H8. B. C3H6. C. C3H4. D. C2H4 Bi 10 (KA-07)- Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C3H4. Bi 11 (KB-07)- Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi i vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Br = 80)

A. 3,3-imetylhecxan. B. isopentan. C. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan.D. 2,2-imetylpropan. Bi 12 (KA-08)- Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C6H14. B. C3H8. C. C4H10. D. C5H12. Bi 13 (KB-08)-Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t cacbon bc ba trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO2 ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi Cl2 (theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn xut monoclo ti a sinh ra l A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5. 7. Hirocacbon X c cng thc phn t l C6H6. Khi cho X tc dng vi Ag2O/ dd NH3 th thu c kt taY c phn t khi l 292. Hy cho bit, X c bao nhiu cng thc cu to? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 6. Cho 0,1 mol hirocacbon X tc dng vi Ag2O/ dd NH3 thu c 26,4 gam kt ta. Vy X l: A. CH2=CH-CCH B. HCC-CCH C. HCCH D. CHC-CH(CH3-CCH. Dng 2: Xc nh CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng ng Phng php: - Cch 1 : +Gi ring l cng thc tng cht + Lp cc phng trnh i s tng cc d kin ( cc n s thng l ch s cacbon m,n vi s mol tng cht x,y ) - Cch 2: Gi chung thnh mt cng thc C x H y hoc C n H 2 n +2 2 k (Do cc hydrocacbon cng dy ng ng nn k ging nhau) Gi Ct chung ca cc hydrocacbon trong hh l C x H y (nu ch t chy hh) hoc C n H 2 n +2 2 k (nu va t chy va cng hp H2, Br2, HX) - Gi s mol hh. n , k... - Vit cc ptp xy ra, lp h phng trnh, gii h phng trnh x , y hoac + Nu l x , y ta tch cc hydrocacbon ln lt l C x 1 H y1 , C x 2 H y 2 ..... Bi 1. Hn hp X gm hai ankan lin tip c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 24,8. Cng thc phn t ca hai ankan l A. CH4 v C2H6. B. C2H6 v C3H8. C. C3H8 v C4H10. D. Tt c u sai. Bi 2.Hn hp 2 hirocacbon c phn t khi hn km nhau 14 vc .t chy hon ton hn hp trn ta thu c 5,6 lt kh CO2 ( ktc ) v 6,3 gam hi nc. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l: A. C2H6 v C3H8 B. C3H8 v C4H10 C. C3H6 v C4H8 D. C4H8 v C6H12 Bi 3.Mt hn hp ( X ) gm 2 ankin l ng ng k tip nhau .Nu cho 5,6 lt hn hp X (KTC ) i qua bnh ng dung dch Brom c d th thy khi lng bnh tng 8,6 gam .Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankin l: A. C3H4 v C4H6 B. C4H6 v C5H8 C. C2H2 v C3H4 Bi 4. em t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip nhau thu c CO 2 v nc c khi lng hn km nhau 6,76 gam. Vy 2 cng thc phn t ca 2 anken l: A. C2H4 v C3H6 B. C3H6 v C4H8 C. C4H8 v C5H10 D. C5H10 v C6H12. Bi 5. (KB-08)- Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng A. ankan. B. ankaien. C. anken. D. ankin. Bi 6. (C-07)- Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu c hn hp Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l (Cho: H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k) A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. C. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH. 9. Mt hn hp gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. Dn hn hp qua 100 gam dung dch brom 16% thy dung dch brom mt mu v khi lng bnh tng 2,8 gam, sau phn ng thy thot ra 3,36 lit mt kh (ktc). t chy hon ton hn hp kh bay ra thu c 8,8 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam nc. Vy cng thc ca anken v ankan ln lt l:

A. CH4 v C2H4 B. C2H6 v C2H4 C. C2H6 v C3H6 D. CH4 v C3H6 . Dng 3: Xc nh CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon bt k Phng php: Gi chung thnh mt cng thc C x H y hoc C n H 2 n +2 2 k (Do cc hydrocacbon c th khc dy ng ng nn k khc nhau) Gi Ct chung ca cc hydrocacbon trong hh l C x H y hoc C n H 2 n +2 2 k (nu va t chy va cng hp H2, Br2, HX) - Gi s mol hh. n , k... - Vit cc ptp xy ra, lp h phng trnh, gii h phng trnh x , y hoac + Nu l x , y ta tch cc hydrocacbon ln lt l C x 1 H y1 , C x 2 H y 2 ..... Bi 1.t chy ton b 10,2g hh gm 2 HC mch h no cn 25,8lit O2 (ktc). X CTPT ca 2 HC bit M hai HC 60. Bi 2. Cho 4,48 lit hai HC thuc dng dy ng ng bng lng oxi va . Sn phm chy cho I qua bnh 1ng dd H2SO4 th khi lng bnh tng ln 12,6g bnh 2 ng dd Ba(OH) 2 d th to thnh 50gam kt ta . Lp CTPT 2 HC bit 2HC u th kh ktc Bi 3. t chy 4,48lit hh 2 HC no,mch h c t l v th tch l 1:3 .Sau p cho sp chy qua bnh ng dd Ca(OH) 2 d th thy to thnh 45g kt ta. Tm 2 HC v % v khi lng bit cc th tch kh o ktc. Bi 4.t mt hn hp gm 2 hirocacbon A v B c KLPT hn km nhau 28 vC th thu c 0,3 mol CO 2 v 0,5 mol H2O. Xc nh A v B. Bi 5.Hn hp 2 ankan th kh c phn t khi hn km nhau 28 vc .t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hn hp trn ta thu c 6,72 lit kh CO2( cc kh o ktc ) .Cng thc phn t ca 2 ankan l A. CH4 v C3H8 B. C2H6 v C4H10 C. CH4 v C4H10 D. C3H8 v C5H12 5. Hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon mch h. Dn 3,36 lt hn hp X (ktc) vo bnh ng dung dch Br 2 d khng thy c kh thot ra khi bnh. Khi lng brom phn ng l 40 gam. t chy hon ton 3,36 lt hh X (ktc) thu c 15,4 gam CO2. Hn hp X gm : A. C2H4 v C3H4 B. C2H2 v C3H6 C. C2H2 v C4H8 D. C2H4 v C4H6 . 2. Hn hp kh gm mt ankan v mt anken c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t v c cng s mol. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp thu c 0,6 mol CO 2. Mt khc cng m gam hn hp trn lm mt mu va 80gam dung dch Br2 20% trong dung mi CCl4. Cng thc phn t ca ankan v anken ln lt l cc cht no di y? A. C2H6 v C2H4. B. C3H8 v C3H6. C. C4H10 v C4H8. D. C5H12 v C5H10. 8. Hn hp X gm 2 ankin , t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp X thu c 0,17 mol CO2. Cho 0,05 mol hn hp X tc dng va vi 0,015 mol Ag2O trong dung dch NH3. Vy hn hp X gm: A. CH3-CCH v CH3-CC-CH3 B. CH3-CCH v CH3-CH2-CCH C. CH3-CCH v CH3-CC-CH2-CH3 D. HCCH v CH3-CCH. 13.(KA 2007) Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br 2 gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l (cho H = 1, C = 12) A. C3H4 v C4H8. B. C2H2 v C3H8. C. C2H2 v C4H8. D. C2H2 v C4H6. 14. (KB 2008) Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc). A. CH4 v C2H4 B. CH4 v C3H4 C. CH4 v C3H6 D. C2H6 v C3H6 Dng 4: Cc bi ton tnh khi lng th tch (C-07)-Cu 25: Dn V lt ( ktc) hn hp X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt niken nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn Y vo lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam brom v cn li kh Z. t chy hon ton kh Z thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 4,5 gam nc. Gi tr ca V bng A. 11,2. B. 13,44. C. 5,60. D. 8,96. (KA-07)-Cu 14: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l (cho ..., O = 16, Ca = 40)

A. 20. B. 40. C. 30. D. 10. (C-07)-Cu 2: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh (trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Th tch khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l A. 70,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 84,0 lt. D. 56,0 lt (KA-08)-Cu 40: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l A. 1,20 gam. B. 1,04 gam. C. 1,64 gam. D. 1,32 gam. (KA-08)-Cu 27: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l A. 18,60 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 20,40 gam. D. 16,80 gam. (C-08)-Cu 28: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro lA. 12,9. B. 25,8. C. 22,2. D. 11,1.
CNG THC CN NH HA HU C
I. XC NH THNH PHN NGUYN T (m, %) 1. Xc nh khi lng cc nguyn t c trong mA gam hp cht:
12 .mCO2 = 12.nCO2 ( g ) 44 V mN = N 2 .28 = 28.nN 2 ( g ) 22,4 mO = m A ( mC + mH + mN ) mC = 2 .mH 2 O = 2.nH 2 O ( g ) 18 14 mN = .mNO 2 = 14.nNO2 ( g ) 46 mH =
2. Xc nh % khi lng cc nguyn t c trong mA gam hp cht: m m %C = C .100% % H = H .100% mA mA m % N = N .100% %O = 100% (%C + % H + % N ) mA II. XC NH KHI LNG PHN T CA CHT HU C (MA) 1. Trng hp cho t khi hi: M M d A / B = A M A = M B .d A / B d A / kk = A M A = 29.d A / kk MB M kk 2. Trng hp cho th tch phn t gam: V (lt ) m nA = A MA = A 22,4 nA * Ch : Theo nh lut Avgadr: Hai cht khc nhau cng iu kin nhit v p sut, chim cng th tch chng phi c cng s mol. m m m nA = nB A = B M A = A .M B MA MB mB III. XC NH CNG THC PHN T (CxHyOzNt)

1. Da vo cng thc GN m xc nh m m m m x: y : z :t = C : H : O : N 12 1 16 14 2. Da vo thnh phn nguyn t m xc nh M A 12 x y 16 z 14t = = = = mA mC mH mO mN 3. Da vo phng trnh phn ng t chy
C x H y Oz N t + x : y : z :t = %C % H %O % N : : : 12 1 16 14
MA 12 x y 16 z 14t = = = = 100% %C % H %O % N
4x + y 2z y t to O2 xCO2 + H 2O + N 2 4 2 2
4x + y 2z y t x 4 = = 2 = 2 nO2 pu nCO2 nH 2 O nN 2
1 = nA
-Nu bi cho y cc t l trn ta xc nh c c th cc gi tr ca x, y, z, t Xc nh cng thc phn t -Nu bi cho thiu mt trong cc t l trn ta ch xc nh c t l ca x:y:z:t Ch xc nh c cng thc GN. IV.NHN BIT CC CHT HU C
Cht
Thuc th
Cl2/s
Hin tng
Phn ng
Ankan
Dd Br2
Sn phm sau P as lm hng CnH2n+2 + Cl2 CnH2n+1Cl + HCl giy qu m Mt mu CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2 mt mu 3CnH2n + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH Sp cho p PdCl2 ,CuCl 2 2CH2 = CH2 + O2 trng CH3CHO gng Mt mu CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2nBr4 Mt mu mt mu CnH2n2 + 2Br2 CnH2nBr4 3CHCH+8KMnO4 3HOOCCOOH + 8MnO4+8KOH
Anken
Dd KMnO4 Kh Oxi
Ankaien
Dd Br2 Dd Br2 Dd KMnO4
Ankin
AgNO3/NH3 kt ta HC CH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH Ag C C Ag + 2H2O + (c ni 3 mu vng 4NH3 u mch) nht RC CH + [Ag(NH3)2]OH RC CAg + H2O + 2NH3 dd CuCl kt ta CH CH + 2CuCl + 2NH3 Cu C C Cu + 2NH4Cl trong NH3 mu R C C H + CuCl + NH3 R C C Cu + NH4Cl
Toluen
dd KMnO4, Mt mu t0
CH3
2 + 2KMnO 4 0
COOK
HO 80-100 C
+ 2MnO2 +KOH+H2O

Stiren Ancol Ancol bc I Ancol bc II Ancol a chc
CH = CH2 CHOH = CH2OH + 2MnO2 + 2H2O
Dd KMnO4 Na, K
Mt mu 2R OH
+ 2KMnO 4 + 4H2O
khng mu Cu (), CuO (en) Sp cho p t0 trng gng Cu (), CuO (en) Sp khng t0 p trng gng Cu(OH)2 dung dch mu xanh lam To kt ta trng trng
+ 2Na
0
2R ONa
+ H 2
t R CH2 OH + CuO R CH = O + Cu + H2O R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3
t R CH2OH R + CuO R CO R + Cu + H2O

0
CH2 OH CH2 OH
HO CH2 HO CH2
CH2 OH HO CH2
]
CH OH + Cu(OH)2 + HO CH CH O Cu O CH + 2H2O CH2 OH HO CH2

^
NH2 + 3Br2
NH2 Br Br Br + 3HBr
Anilin
Nc Brom
(ke t tu a tra ng)
AgNO3 trong NH3
Ag R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3
Anehit
Cu(OH)2 t0 gch RCHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH RCOONa + Cu2O + 3H2O 0 NaOH, t Dd Brom Mt mu RCHO + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr Andehit no hay ko no u lm mt mu nc Br2 v y l phn ng oxi ha kh. Mun phn bit andehit no v khng no dng dd Br2 trong CCl4, mi trng CCl4 th Br2 khng th hin tnh oxi ha nn ch phn ng vi andehit khng no
Cht
Axit cacboxylic
Thuc th
Qu tm
2 CO3
Hin tng
Ha CO2 Ha xanh Ha Khng i
Phn ng
2R COOH + Na2CO3 2R COONa + CO2 + H2O S nhm NH2 > s nhm COOH S nhm NH2 < s nhm COOH S nhm NH2 = s nhm COOH 2H2NRCOOH + Na2CO3 2H2NRCOONa + CO2 + H2O
Aminoaxit
2 CO3
CO2
Amin Glucoz
Qu tm Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 NaOH, t0 AgNO3 NH3
Ha xanh dd xanh 2C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 (C6H11O6)2Cu + 2H2O lam CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH gch t0 CH2OH (CHOH)4 COONa + Cu2O + 3H2O / trng Ag CH2OH (CHOH)4 CHO + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH CH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3

Dd Br2 Mt mu CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+2HBr + Br2 sn phm C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 tham gia C12H22O11 + H2O Thu phn p trng Glucoz Fructoz gng Vi sa Vn c C12H22O11 + Ca(OH)2 C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O dd xanh Cu(OH)2 C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 (C12H22O11)2Cu + 2H2O lam dd xanh Cu(OH)2 C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 (C12H22O11)2Cu + 2H2O lam AgNO3 / Ag NH3 trng sn phm tham gia Thu phn C12H22O11 + H2O 2C6H12O6 (Glucoz) p trng gng sn phm tham gia Thu phn (C6H10O11)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 (Glucoz) p trng gng To dung dch mu xanh tm, khi un nng mu xanh tm bin mt, khi Ddch iot ngui mu xanh tm li xut hin
Saccaroz C12H22O11
Mantoz C12H22O11
Tinh bt (C6H10O5)n
BI TP TNG HP HIDROCACBON
CH 1: Xc nh dy ng ng ca hidrocacbon
1. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h cng dy ng ng hp th hon ton sn phm vo 1,8 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,05M thu c kt ta v khi lng dung dch tng 3,78g. Cho Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch thu c kt ta v tng khi lng tng cng c 2 ln l 18,85g. T khi ca X vi H2 l 20. Dy ng dng ca hai hidrocacbon l: a. Ankin b. Ankadien c. Aren d. Ankin hoc Ankadien p n ng: d 2. Cho hn hp kh X gm 2 hidrocacbon A, B mch thng v khi lng phn t ca A nh hn khi lng phn t ca B. Trong hn hp X, A chim 75% theo th tch . t chy hon ton X cho sn phm chy hp th qua bnh cha dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, sau th nghim khi lng dung dch trong bnh gim 12,78g ng thi thu c 19,7g kt ta. Bit t khi hi ca X i vi hidro bng 18,5 v A, B cng dy ng ng. 1) Xc nh dy ng ng ca 2 hidrocacbon a. Ankan b. Anken c. Aren d. Ankadien p n ng: a 2) Tm cng thc phn t ca A, B? a. C3H6 v C4H8 b. C2H6 v C4H10 b. C4H8 v C5H10 d. C2H6 v C3H8 p n ng: b 3. Mi hn hp X gm 2 hidrocacbon A, B ( thuc mt trong 3 dy ng ng ankan, anken, ankin) s nguyn t C trong mi phn t nh hn 7; A v B c trn theo t l mol l 1:2. t chy hon ton 14,8g

hn hp X bng oxi ri thu ton b sn phm ln lt dn qua bnh cha dung dch H 2SO4 c, d; bnh 2 cha 890ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M th khi lng bnh 1 tng 14,4g v bnh 2 thu c 133,96g kt ta trng. Xc nh dy ng ng ca A v B. a. Ankin b. Anken c. Ankedien d. Ankan p n ng: a 4. t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X vi mt lng va oxi. Dn hn hp sn phm chy qua H2SO4 m c th th tch kh gim hn mt na. Dy ng dng ca hidrocacbon X l: a. Ankin b. Anken c. Ankedien d. Ankan p n ng: d 5. Cho 2 hidrocacbon X v Y ng ng nhau, phn t khi ca X gp i phn t khi ca Y. a) Xc nh cng thc tng qut ca 2 hidrocacbon. a. CnH2n 2 b. CnH2n + 2 b. CnH2n 6 c. CnH2n p n ng: d b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X v Y, bit rng: T khi ca hn hp ng th tch X v Y so vi kh C2H6 bng 2,1. a. C3H8 v C6H14 b. C3H4 v C6H6 c. C3H6 v C6H12 b. Cu C ng p n ng: d 6. t chy V (lit) hn hp kh X iu kin tiu chun gm 2 hidrocacbon to thnh 4,4g CO 2 v 1,8g H2O. Cho bit 2 hidrocacbon tren cng hay khc dy ng ng v thuc dy ng ng no? ( Ch xt cc dy ng ng hc trong chng trnh). a. Cng dy ng ng Anken hay cng dy ng ng xicloankan. b. Khc dy ng ng: anken v xicloankan. c. Khc dy ng ng: ankan v ankin ( s mol bng nhau) d. Khc dy ng ng: ankan v ankadien (s mol bng nhau ) 7. t chy hon ton 2,8g mt hp cht hu c X ri cho ton b sn phm hp th vo dung dch NaOH th dung dch ny c khi lng tng thm 12,4g, thu c 2 mui ny c t l 1 : 1. Xc nh dy ng ng ca cht X. a. a. Ankin b. Anken c. Ankadien d. Ankan p n ng: b 8. t chy hon ton 2,8 cht hu c X bng 6,72 lit O 2 (ktc) ch to thnh kh CO 2 v hi nc c th tch bng nhau trong cng iu kin. a) Tm dy ng ng ca hp cht hu c X. a. Anken b. Ankan c. Ankadien d. Kt qu khc p n ng: a c) Nu cho 2,8g X ni trn vo dung dch Br2 d th c 9,2g sn phm cng. Tm cng thc phn t. a. C5H10 b. C4H8 c. C4H10 d. Kt qu khc p s ng: a 9. t chy 2 lit hn hp hai hidrocacbon X, Y th kh v cng dy ng ng, cn 10 lit O2 to thnh 6 lit CO2 ( cc th tch u ktc). a) Xc nh dy ng ng ca 2 hidrocacbon? a. Ankan b. Anken c. Aren d. Ankadien p n ng: a 10. t chy hon ton 24,64 lit (27,3oC; 1 atm) hn hp kh X gm 3 hidrocacbon ng ng lin tip, thu sn phm cho hp th ht vo mt bnh nc vi trong d thi khi lng ton bnh tng 149,4g v khi lc thu c 270g kt ta trng. a) Xc nh dy ng ng ca 3 hidrocacbon a. CnH2n 2 b. CnH2n + 2 b. CnH2n 6 d. CnH2n

p n ng: a b) Xc nh cng thc phn t 3 hidrocacbon: a. C2H4, C3H6 v C4H8 b. C6H6, C7H8 v C8H10 b. C2H6, C3H8 v C4H10 d. C2H2, C3H4 v C4H6 p n ng: d
CH 2 : Xc nh CTPT CTCT ca hidrocacbon Dng 1:Hn hp hidrocacbon cng dy ng ng k tip

1. Mt hn hp gm hai cht ng ng ankan k tip c khi lng 24,8g. Th tch tng ng l 11,2 lit (ktc). Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca ankan. a. C6H8 v C3H8 b. C5H12 v C6H14 c. C3H8 v C4H10 d. Cu C ng p n ng: d 2. Cho 5,6 lit hn hp hai olefin l ng ng k tip nhau hp nc (c xc tc) c hn hp 2 ru. Chia hn hp hai ru ny dng khan ri chia lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn th nht phn ng ht vi Na d thu c 840ml kh. t chy ht phn th hai ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th vo bnh ng NaOH d th khi lng bnh NaOH tng 13,75g. Cng thc phn t ca hai olefin l: a. C2H6 v C3H8 b. C3H4 v C4H6 c. C2H4 v C3H6 d. C4H8 v C3H6 p n ng: c Dng 2:Hn hp hidrocacbon cng dy ng ng khng k tip 3. Cho 6,72 lit hn hp kh gm 2 olefin li qua nc brom d thy khi lng bnh tng 16,8g. Hy tm cng thc phn t cc olefin bit rng s nguyn t cacbon trong mi olefin khng qu 5. a. C2H4 v C4H8 b. C3H6 v C4H8 c. C5H10 v C6H12 d. C2H4 v C4H8 ; C3H6 v C4H8 p n ng: d 4. t chy 560cm3 hn hp kh (ktc) gm hai hidrocacbon c cng s nguyn t cacbon ta thu c 4,4g CO2 v 1,9125g hi nc. Xc nh cng thc phn t cc hidrocacbon. a. C4H8 v C4H10 b. C4H6 v C4H10 c. C4H4 v C4H10 d. Cu A, B, C cha cp p s p n ng: d Dng 3: S dng mt s d kin thc nghim khi xc nh cng thc , thnh phn ca hidrocacbon 5. t 10cm3 mt hidrocacbon bng 80cm3 oxi (ly d). Sn phm thu c sau khi cho H2O ngng t cn 65cm3 trong 25cm3 l oxi. Cc th tch u o ktc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hidrocacbon. a. C4H10 b. C4H6 c. C5H10 d. C3H8 p n ng: b 6. Mt hn hp gm hai hidrocacbon mch h. Cho 1680ml hn hp trn i chm qua nc brom d. Sauk hi phn ng hon ton cn li 1120ml v lng brom tham gia phn ng l 4,0g. Mt khc nu t chy hon ton 1680ml hn hp trn ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th vo nc vi trong d th thu c 12,5g kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon l: a. C4H8 v C3H6 b. C2H6 v CH4 c. C4H10 v CH4 d. C3H6 v CH4 p s ng: d 7. Hn hp kh A gm hidro, mt paraffin v hai olefin l ng ng lien tip. Cho 560ml A i qua ng cha bt niken nung nng c 448ml hn hp kh A1 li qua bnh nc brom thy nc brom nht mu mt phn v khi lng bnh nc brom tng thm 0,343g. Hn hp kh A 2 i ra khi bnh nc brom chim th

tch 291,2ml v c t khi i vi khng kh bng 1,313. Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc olefin phn ng vi tc bng nhau ( ngha l t l vi thnh phn % th tch ca chng) v cc th tch kh o ktc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc hidrocacbon. a. C2H4; C3H6 v C5H10 b. C2H6; C3H6 v C4H8 c. C3H8; C4H10 v C5H12 d. C2H6; C4H8 v C5H10 p n ng: b 8. Cho 0,672 lit (ktc) hn hp kh A gm hai hidrocacbon mch h. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 qua dung dch Br2 d, khi lng dung dch tng Xg, lng Br2 phn ng ht 3,2g khng c kh thot ra khi dung dch. t chy phn 2 v cho sn phm chy qua bnh dung dch P 2O5. Sau cho qua KOH rn. Sau th nghim bnh ng P2O5 tng Yg v bnh ng KOH tng 1,76g. Tm cng thc phn t ca 2 hidrocacbon. a. C2H4 v C3H6 b. C3H6 v C4H8 c. C2H4 v C4H6 hoc C2H2 v C3H6 d. Cu C ng p n ng: d 9. Cho 0,896 lit (ktc) hn hp kh A gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1: Cho qua dung dch Br2 c tha, lng Br2 nguyn cht phn ng 5,6g Phn 2: t chy hon ton to ra 2,2g CO2. Tm cng thc phn t 2 hidrocacbon. a. C4H8 v C2H2 b. C4H2 v C2H4 c. C4H8 v C2H2 ; C4H2 v C2H4 d. p s khc p s ng: c 10. Trn hn hp X1 gm hidrocacbon B vi H2 c d dx/H2 = 4,8. Cho X1 i qua Ni nung nng n phn ng hon ton c hn hp X2 c dX2/H2 = 8. Cng thc phn t hidrocacbon B l: a. C3H6 b. C3H4 c. C4H8 d. C5H8 p s ng: b 11. Trn hn hp X gm 1 hidrocacbon khi (A) v H 2 vi dX/H2 = 6,1818. Cho X qua Ni un nng n khi phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp Y dY/H2 = 13,6. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. a. C3H4 b. C3H6 c. C4H6 d. C5H12 p s ng: a 12. Cho 1,568 lit hn hp kh X gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h vo bnh nc brom d. Sauk hi phn ng hon ton ch cn li 448cm3 kh thot ra v c 8 gam brom phn ng. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton lng X trn ri dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh nc vi trong th c 15g kt ta. Lc b kt ta ri un nng nc lc, thu thm ti a 2 gam kt ta na. ( Cc th tch kh u c o ktc). Tm cng thc cu to 2 phn t hidrocacbon. a. C2H4 v C4H8 b. C3H6 v C4H8 c. C2H2 v C5H12 d. C2H6 v C3H6 p n ng: d 13. Cho 0,42 lit hn hp kh B gm hai hidrocacbon mch h i rt chm qua bnh ng nc brom d. Sauk hi phn ng hon ton thy c 0,28 lit kh i ra khi bnh v c 2 gam brom tham gia phn ng. Cc th tch kh o ktc. T khi hi ca B so vi hidro l 19. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t hai hidrocacbon. a. C2H6 v C4H6 b. C3H8 v C2H2 c. C2H6 v C4H6 hoc C3H8 v C2H2 d. C3H6 v C4H6 hoc C2H8 v C2H2 p s ng: c Dng 4: Bin lun xc nh CTPT hidrocacbon 14. t chy hon ton 3,24 gam hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c (A) v (B) khc dy ng ng, trong (A) hn (B) mt nguyn t cacbon,ngi ta ch thu c H 2O v 9,24 gam CO2. Bit t khi hi ca X i vi hidro l dx/H2 = 13,5. Tm cng thc phn t ca (A), (B)? a. C2H4 v C2H5OH b. C2H6 v C3H8 c. C2H2 v CH2O d. C3H8O v C2H6O

p n ng: c 15. t hon ton hn hp 2 hidrocacbon X, Y thuc cng mt dy ng ng (ankan, anken, ankin), hp thu sn phm chy vo 4,5 lit dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M th thu c kt ta, khi lng dung dch tng ln 3,78g. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch thu c kt ta. Tng kt ca 2 ln nng 18,85g. Bit rng s mol X bng 60% tng s mol X, Y trong hn hp. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, Y?. a. C2H4 v C3H6 b. C3H4 v C5H6 c. C2H6 v C3H8 d. C2H2 v C4H6 p n ng: d 16. t chy mt hidrocacbon X mch h, kh vi 1,92 gam kh oxi trong bnh kn ri cho cc sn phm sau phn ng qua bnh mt cha trong H2SO4 c d, bnh hai cha 3,5 lit Ca(OH) 2 0,01M thu c 3g kt ta, kh duy nht bay ra c th tch 0,224 lit o 27,3 oC v 1,1 atm. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. a. C2H2 b. C2H8 c. C3H8 hoc C2H2 d. C3H8 hoc C2H2 hoc CH4 p n ng: d 17. Cho hn hp kh gm hidrocacbon A v oxi ly d, trong c 10% A theo th tch vo mt kh nhin k, to p sut 1 atm 0oC. Bt tia la in A chy hon ton ri cho nc ngng t 0 oC th p sut trong bnh gim cn 0,8 atm. Bit lng oxi d khng qu 50% lng oxi ban u. Hy tm cng thc phn t ca A. a. C4H8 b. C4H10 c. C4H4 d. C5H12 p n ng: c 18. Mt hn hp gm hai hidrocacbon, mch h, trong phn t mi cht cha khng qu mt lien kt ba hay hai lien kt i. S cacbon mi cht ti a bng 7. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp thu c 0,25 mol CO2 v 0,23 mol H2O. Tm cng thc phn t ca 2 hidrocacbon? a. C2H2 v C7H14 b. C5H8 v C5H10 c. C5H8 v C5H12 d. p s A + B + C p n ng: d 19. t chy mt hidrocacbon X vi lng va oxi. Ton b sn phm chy c dn qua bnh ng canxi clorua khan c d th tch gim i hn mt na. Bit rng X cacbon chim 80% v khi lng. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X. a. C3H8 b. C2H4 c. C4H6 d. C2H6 p n ng: d 20. t chy hai hidrocacbon c cng cng thc tng qut CnH2n + 2 2k thu c sn phm sau khi t chy c khi lng 22,1g. Khi cho ton b lng sn phm ny vo 400g dung dch NaOH th thu c dung dch gm hai mui c nng 9,0026%. T l s mol hai mui l 1:1. Cho bit t l s mol ca chng trong hn hp l 1:2 ( theo chiu khi lng phn t tng dn). Bit k < 3. Cng thc phn thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon l: a. C2H4 v C3H6 b. C3H8 v C4H10 c. C2H2 v C3H4 d. Kt qu khc p n ng: c 21. Mt hidrocacbon X c cng thc CnH2n + 2 2k. Khi t X ta c t l s mol ca CO 2 v H2O bng 2 ( k hiu l b), ng vi k nh nht. Cng thc phn t ca X l: a. C2H4 b. C2H6 c. C2H2 d. C6H6 p n ng: c 22. C mt hn hp hai hidrocacbon A v B th kh. Phn t khi ca B ln hn phn t khi ca A 24 vC. T khi hi so vi H2 ca B bng 9/5 t khi hi so vi H2 ca A. Khi t chy V lit hn hp thu c 11,2 lit CO2 (ktc) v 8,1g H2O. Hi A v B l nhng hidrocacbon no?

a. C2H8 v C4H10 b. C2H6 v C4H6 c. C3H8 v C5H10 d. Kt qu khc p n khc: b 23. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hi ca hidrocacbon A v kh oxi d thu c hn hp kh v hi. Lm lnh hn hp ny, th tch gim 50%. Nu cho hn hp cn li qua KOH, th tch gim 83,3% s cn li. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hidrocacbon. a. C2H6 b. C5H8 c. C5H12 d. C6H6 p n ng: c 24. Trong mt hn hp kh X gm hidrocacbon A v kh oxi d trong bnh ri t chy, sau khi xong,lm lnh hn hp kh thu c, nhn thy th tch gim 33,3% so vi th tch hn hp thu c. Nu dn hn hp kh tip tc qua dung dch KOH th tc b gim 75% s cn li. Tm cng thc phn t hidrocacbon A. a. C3H6 b. C3H4 c. C2H6 d. C6H6 p n ng: b 25. nhit 100oC, khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp gm mt s hidrocacbon lien tip trong cng dy ng ng no bng 64. Sau khi lm lnh nhit phng th mt s cht trong hn hp b ha lng. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca nhng cht cn li th kh bng 54, cn khi lng phn t trung bnh ca nhng cht lng l 74. Tng khi lng phn t cc cht trong hn hp ban u bng 252 vC v phn t khi ca ng ng nng nht bng 2 ln ca phn t khi ca ng ng nh nht. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc cht trong hn hp ban u? a. C3H8; C4H10; C5H12 b. C2H6 v C3H6 c. C4H8; C5H10 v C6H12 d. Kt qu khc p n ng: c 26. Mt hn hp kh c khi lng 7,6g gm 2,24 lit mt hidrocacbon mch thng A v 1,12 lit mt ankin B (ktc). t chy hon ton hn hp trn ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht trong dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th c 108,35g kt ta. A thuc loi hidrocacbon no? a. C3H4 v C4H8 b. C2H2 v C3H8 c. C6H6 v C7H8 d. Kt qu khc p n ng: a 27. Hn hp hai olefin ( th kh) lien tip trong cng dy ng ng hp nc to thnh 2 ru (mt ru c dng mch nhnh) hiu sut u bng 40%. Bit th tch hn hp V lit ( 0oC, 1 atm) Chia hn hp ru thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho Na tc dng vi phn 1 thu c 2,464 lit H 2 ( 27,3oC, 1 atm). un nng phn 2 vi H2SO4 c to 3,852g hn hp 3 ete. 50% lng ru c s nguyn t cacbon t hn v 40% lng ru c s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn to thnh ete. Xc nh cng thc phn t 2 olefin. a. C3H6 v C4H8 b. C2H4 v C4H8 c. C4H8 v C5H10 d. C2H4 v C3H6 p n ng: d
BI TP T GII
1. a) Trn 0,02 mol C2H2 v 0,03 mol H2 vi 1,68 lit O2 (kct) np vo mt kh k c th tch 4 lit ri t chy. p sut hn hp sau phn khi to = 109,2oC l: a. 0,392 atm b. 1,176 atm c. 0,784 atm d. 1,568 atm b) Cho 11 gam hn hp gm 6,72 lit mt hidrocacbon mch h A v 22,4 lit mt ankin. t chy hn hp ny th tiu th 25,76 lit oxi. Cc th tch o trong iu kin tiu chun. Cng thc phn t ca hidrocacbon A v B ln lt l: a. C2H6 v C2H2 b. C3H6 v C3H4 c. C2H2 v C3H4 d. C2H4 v C2H2

2. a) Trong mt bnh kn th tch 5,6 lit cha 3,36 lit H 2 v 2,24 lit C2H4 (ktc) v mt t bt niken. t nng bnh mt thi gian, Sau lm lnh v 0 oC, p sut trong bnh lc l p. Nu cho hn hp kh trong bnh sau phn ng li qua nc brom thy c 0,8g Br2 tham gia phn ng. Hy tnh phn trm phn ng: a. 31,65% b. 63,3% c. 94,95% d. 100% 3 b) t chy hon ton 50 cm hn hp kh A gm C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 v H2 thu c 45 cm3 CO2. Mt khc nung nng th tch hn hp kh A c mt Pd xc tc th thu c 40 cm 3 hn hp kh B. Sau cho hn hp kh B qua Ni un nng cho mt kh duy nht. (Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton) Thnh phn phn trm theo th tch cc kh trong hn hp A ( H2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6) ln lt l: a. 20%, 30%, 20%,30% b. 25%, 15%, 30%, 30% c. 55%, 20%, 15%, 10% d. Kt qu khc 3. a) t chy 60 cm3 hn hp ankin X, Y l hai ng ng lien tip nhau thu c 220 cm 3 CO2 ( cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca X v Y ln lt l: a. C2H2 v C3H4 b. C3H4 v C4H6 c. C4H6 v C5H8 d. Kt qu khc b) Mt bnh kn 2 lit 27,3oC cha 0,03 mol C2H2; 0,015 mol C2H4 v 0,04 mol H2 c p sut p1. Nu trong bnh c mt t bt Ni lm xc tc ( th tch khng ng k), nung bnh n nhit cao phn ng xy ra hon ton, sau a v nhit ban u c hn hp kh A c p sut p 2. Cho hn hp A tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 3,6g kt ta. Hy tnh p sut p2: a. 0,277 atm b. 0,6925 atm c. 1,108 atm d. 0,554 atm 4. a) t chy hon ton 2,24 lit kh C 2H4 (ktc) ri hp th ton b sn phm vo dung dch cha 11,1 gam Ca(OH)2. Hi sau khi hp th khi lng phn dung dch tng hay gim bao nhiu gam? a. tng 4,8g b. gim 2,4g c. tng 2,4g d. gim 3,6g e. tng 3,6g b) Mt hn hp A gm 0,12 mol C2H2 v 0,18 mol H2. Cho A qua Ni nung nng,phn ng khng hon ton v thu c kh B. Cho B qua bnh dung dch Br 2 d, thu hn hp kh thot ra X. t chy hon ton X ri cho ton b sn phm vo bnh cha dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, thu c 12 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng ln 8,88 gam. Tnh tng khi lng ca bnh dung dch Br2. a. 0,82g b. 2,46g c. 1,64g d. 3,28g e. kt qu khc 5. a) Trn 11,2 lit hn hp X gm C3H6 (chim 40%V) v C3H4 (chim 60%V) vi H2 trong bnh kn 33,6 lit c t bt Ni ktc. Sau thi gian t chy nng bnh v a v nhit ban u thy p sut kh trong bnh l 2/3 atm. Bit khi cho hn hp qua dung dch mui Ag + trong ammoniac th tch ca n gim 1/10. Hy xc nh thnh phn v s mol hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng: a. C3H8 (0,5 mol) v H2 (0,5 mol) b. C3H8 (0,9 mol) v C3H6 (0,1mol) c. C3H8 (0,3 mol) v C3H6 (0,1 mol) d. C3H4 (0,1 mol) v H2 (0,5 mol) e. Kt qu khc b) Mt hn hp R gm C2H4 v C3H6, trong C3H6 chim 71,43% v th tch. Mt hn hp X gm R v H2 vi s mol R bng 5 ln s mol H2. Ly 9,408 lit X (ktc) ung nng vi Ni xc tc, phn ng hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Z. Bit t l mol ca 2 ankan sinh ra bng t l mol ca 2 olefin tng ng ban u. S mol cc kh C2H6, C3H8, C2H4, C3H6 ln lt l: a. 0,01; 0,06; 0,08 v 0,2 b. 0,03; 0,04; 0,06 v 0,22 c. 0,02; 0,05; 0,08 v 0,2 d. kt qu khc 6. a) t mt hn hp gm hai hidrocacbon A, B (c M hn km nhau 28g) th thu c 0,3 mol CO 2 v 0,5 mol H2O. Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l: a. C2H6 v C3H8 b. CH4 v C4H10 c. CH4 v C2H6 d. CH4 v C3H8 b) Hp cht A c 8 nguyn t ca hai nguyn t MA < 32. Hy lp lun tm ra cng thc ca A: a. C4H4 b. C3H5 c. C2H6 d. Kt qu khc

7. a) Hn hp D gm hp cht C2H6 v mt ankin B ( th kh) trn vi nhau theo t l mol 1:1. Thm O2 vo hn hp D c hn hp D1 c t khi so vi H2 = 18. Hy tm cng thc phn t ca ankin B? a. C3H4 b. C2H2 c. C4H6 d. C5H8 b) t chy 0,3 mol hn hp 2 hidrocacbon mch h ( thuc trong s 3 loi hidrocacbon paraffin, olefin v ankin) c t l khi lng phn t l 22/13, ri cho sn phm sinh ra i vo bnh dng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d th thy bnh nng thm 46,5g v c 147,75g kt ta. hy xc nh cng thc phn t hai hidrocacbon. a. C3H8 v C3H4 b. C2H2 v C2H6 c. C3H8 v C3H6 d. C3H8 v C2H2 8. t chy hon ton mt hn hp c t l mol bng nhau ca cht C 8H8 v mt hidrocacbon B trong oxit thu c CO2 v hi nc theo t l th tch 13/10. Bit rng cht B ch to ra mt sn phm duy nht cha mt nguyn t brom trong phn t v khi lng phn t di 152 vC. Cht B c cng thc phn t l: a. CH4 b. C5H12 c. C3H6 d. C5H8 9. t chy hon ton 3,24 gam hn hp X gm hai cht huuwx c A v B khc dy ng ng, trong s A hn B mt nguyn t cacbon, ngi ta ch thu c H 2O v 9,4g gam CO2. Bit t khi hi ca X i vi Hidro l 13,5. Cng thc phn t ca A v b l: a. CH4 v C2H2 b. CH4O v C2H2 c. CH2O v C2H2 d. CH2O2 v C2H2 10. t chy V lit hn hp X ktc gm 2 hidrocacbon to thnh 4,4g CO2 v 1,8g H2O. Hy cho bit hai hidrocacbon trn cng hay khc dy ng ng v thuc dy ng ng no? ( ch xt cc dy ng ng hc trong chng trnh). a. Cng dy ng ng c hai hidrocacbon l anken hay xicloankan b.Khc dy ng ng: 1 ankan v 1 ankadien c.Khc dy ng ng: 1 ankin v 1 ankan d.Cu A + B + C u ng 11. t chy hon ton mt hn hp A gm 2 hidrocacbon ( iu kin thng, th kh), c khi lng mol phn t km nhau 28g, sn phm to thnh cho i qua bnh ng P2O5 v bnh CaO. Bnh ng P2O5 nng thm 9g cn bnh ng CaO nng thm 13,2g. a) Cc hidrocacbon thuc dy ng ng no? a. ankan b. anken c. ankin d. aren b) Cng thc 2 hidrocacbon l: a. C2H4 v C4H8 b. C2H2 v C4H6 c. CH4 v C3H8 d. Kt qu khc 12. t chy hon ton hn hp hai hidrocacbon ng ng hp th hon ton sn phm sinh ra bng Ba(OH)2 d cha trong bnh thy nng thm 22,1g v c 78,8g kt ta trng. a) Xc inh dy ng ng ca 2 hidrocacbon, bit chng thuc mt trong ba dy ankan, anken v ankin. a. ankan b. ankin c. anken d. cu A ng b) Xc nh hai hidrocacbon cho, bit chng ( xp theo th t tng dn phn t khi) c trn theo t l s mol 1:2. a. C2H4 v C3H6 b. C2H2 v C3H4 c. C3H4 v C4H6 d. CH4 v C2H6 13. A l hn hp kh (ktc) gm 3 hidrocacbon X, Y, Z thuc 3 dy ng ng. B l hn hp O 2 v O3 c t khi so vi hidro bng 19,2. t chy 1 mol hn hp A cn 5 mol hn hp B, thu c CO 2 v hi nc c s mol nh nhau. Khi cho 22,4 lit hn hp A i qua bnh nc brom d thy c 11,2 lit kh bay ra, khi lng bnh nc brom tng 27g, cn khi cho 22,4 lit hn hp A i qua dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 thy to thnh 32,4g kt ta vng. Cc kh o c ktc. Ba hidrocacbon trong hn hp l: a. C3H8, butin-1 v butadiene-1 b. C4H10, butin-1 v butadiene-1 c. C5H12, butin-1 v butadiene-1 hoc butadiene 1-3 d. Kt qu khc

14. Mt hn hp X gm hidrocacbon lien tip nhau trong dy ng ng c khi lng 10,5g v c th tch hn hp l 2,352 lit 109,2 oC v 2,8at. H nhit xung 0 oC, mt s hidrocacbon (c s C 5) ha lngconf li hn hp Y c th tch 1,24 lit 2,8at. T khi hi ca hn hp Y so vi khng kh bng 1,402. Tng phn t khi ca hn hp bng 280. Xc nh dy ng ng ca hidrocacbon, bit rng phn t khi ca cc cht sau cng bng 1,5 ln phn t khi ca cht th 3. a. anken b. arken c. ankadien aren 15. Mt hn hp X gm hi hidrocacbon mch h A v H 2 d c t khi hi vi Hli bng 3. Cho hn hp X qua bt Ni nung nng trong iu kin xy ra phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi hi so vi He bng 7,5. Bit s nguyn t cacbon trong mt mol A nh hn 7. Cng thc phn t ca A l: a. C3H4 b. C4H4 c. C5H10 d. C3H6 16. t chy hon ton hidrocacbon trong bnh kn c th tch 10 lit bng lng khng kh gp i lng cn thit. Sau phn ng lm lnh bnh xung 0oC thy p sut trong bnh l 1,948 atm. Mt khc khi hp th lng nc sinh ra bng 25ml dung dch H 2SO4 98% (D = 1,84g/cm3) s c dung dch c nng 95,75%. Tm cng thc phn t ca A bit n khng c ng phn. a. C3H6 b. C2H2 c. C2H4 d. C6H6 17. Cho hp cht c cng thc phn t C 8H8, bit 3,12g cht ny phn ng ht vi dung dch cha 4,8g Br2 hoc vi ti a 2,688 lit H2 (ktc). Hidro ha C8H8 theo t l 1:1 c hidrocacbon cng loi X. Khi Brom ha mt ng phn Y ca X vi xc tc bt Fe theo t l mol 1:1 c mt sn phm duy nht. Cng thc cu to ca C8H8 l: a. C6H4(CH3)2 b. C6H5CH=CH2 c. C6H5CH2=CH3 d. Cu b ng 18. Mt hn hp hai ankan k cn trong dy ng ng c t khi hi vi H2 l 24,8. a) Cng thc phn t ca hai ankan l: a. C2H2 v C3H4 b. C2H4 v C4H8 c. C3H8 v C5H12 d. Kt qu khc b) Thnh phn % th tch, thnh phn hn hp l: a. 30% v 70% b. 35% v 65% c. 60% v 40% d. Cng 50% 19. ktc c mt hn hp kh hidrocacbon no A v B t khi hi so vi hidro l 12 (dhh/H2 = 12). a) Tm khi lng CO2 v hi nc sinh ra khi t 15,68 lit hn hp ( ktc) a. 24,2g v 16,2g b. 48,4g v 32,4g c. 40g v 30g d. Kt qu khc b) Cng thc phn t ca A v B l: a. CH4 v C2H6 b. CH4 v C3H8 c. CH4 v C4H10 d. C ba cu a + b + c 20. Mt hn hp gm 2 kh hidrocacbon mch h. T khi hi hn hp so vi H 2 l 17. ktc 400cm3 hn hp tc dng va vi 71,4cm3 dung dch Br2 0,2M v cn li 240cm3 kh. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai hidrocacbon. a. C2H6 v C2H2 b. C3H8 v C3H4 c. C2H6 v C3H4 d. C4H10 v C2H2 21. Hn hp kh A gm hai hidrocacbon c cng s nguyn t cacbon (ktc). a) Tm t khi hi ca hn hp A i vi Nito, bit rng 560cm3 hn hp nng 1,3625g. a. 1,9 b. 2 c. 1,6 d. kt qu khc b) t chy Vcm3 hn hp A cho cc sn phm phn ng ln lt qua bnh 1 ng P 2O5 v bnh 2 ng Ba(OH)2 thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 2,34g v bnh 2 tng 7,04g. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc hidrocacbon bit rng c mt hidrocacbon l olefin. a. C4H8 v C4H6 b. C4H8 v C4H4 c. C4H8 v C4H2 d. C ba cu a + b + c

22. Cho 10 lit hn hp kh ( 54 oC v 0,8064 atm) gm hai anken li qua bnh ng nc brom d thy khi lng bnh nc brom tng ln 16,8g. a) Tnh tng s mol ca 2 anken. a. 0,1 mol b. 0,2 mol c. 0,3 mol d. Kt qu khc b) Hy bin lun cc cp anken c th c trong hn hp kh ban u bit rng s nguyn t C trong mi anken khng qu 5. a. C5H10 v C2H4 b. C5H10 v C3H6 c. C5H10 v C4H8 d. C hai cu a + b 23. Cho 1232cm3 hn hp gm ankan A v anken B th kh ( s nguyn t C trong A, B nh nhau) vo nc brom d thy khi lng bnh tng thm 1,4g. t chy hon ton cht kh sau khi qua nc brom v cho sn phm chy vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 180ml dung dch mui 0,5M. Cng thc phn t ca A, B l: a. C2H4 v C2H6 b. C3H8 v C4H8 c. C4H8 v C5H12 d. C2H4 v C4H10 24. Mt hn hp gm ankan v ankin. t chy hon ton hn hp ny thu c 12,6g H 2O. Khi lng oxi cn dung cho phn ng l 36,8g. Th tch CO2 sinh ra bng 8/3 th tch hn hp kh ban u. a) Tng s mol ca hn hp ban u l: a. 0,3 mol b. 0,2 mol c. 0,4 mol d. Kt qu khc b) Xc nh cng thc cu to c th ca ankan v ankin. a. C3H8 v C2H2 b. C2H6 v C3H4 c. C4H10 v C2H2 d. C hai cu b + c 25. Mt hn hp gm hai hidrocacbon mch h. Cho 840ml hn hp li qua dung dch brom d th cn li 560ml, ng thi c 2g Br2 tham gia phn ng. Ngoi ra nu t chy hon ton 840ml hn hp ri cho kh CO2 qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th c 6,25g kt ta (cc kh o ktc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 hidrocacbon l: a. CH4 v C4H10 b. C2H6 v C3H6 c. CH4 v C3H6 d. Kt qu khc
TRC NGHIM: DN XUT HALOGEN ANCOL- PHENOL

I DN XUT HALOGEN 1/ Hp cht CH3CH2CH(Cl)CH3 l dn xut halogen bc: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 2/ Hp cht no di y c dng tng hp ra PVC: A. CH2=CHCH2Cl B. CH2=CHBr C. C6H5Cl D. CH2=CHCl 3/ X l dn xut clo ca metan, trong phn t X clo chim 83,52% khi lng. Cng thc ca X l: A. CH3Cl B. CH2Cl2 C. CHCl3 D. CCl4 4/ Cht no l dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon? A. Cl CH2 COOH B. C6H5 CH2 Cl C. CH3 CH2 Mg Br D. CH3 CO Cl 5/ Cht no khng phi l dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon? A. CH2 = CH CH2Br B. ClBrCH CF3 C. Cl2CH CF2 O CH3 D. C6H6Cl6 6/ Khi cho metan tc dng ci Cl2 (k askt) vi t l 1:3 ta s thu c sn phm no sau y: A. clometan/ metyl clorua B. iclometan/ metylen clorua C. triclometan/ clorofom D. cacbon tetraclorua/ tetraclometan 7/ Theo quy tc Zai-xep, sn phm chnh ca phn ng tch HCl ra khi phn t 2-clobutan? A. But-2-en B. But-1-en C. But-1,3-ien D. But-1-in 8/ Khi un si hn hp gm C2H5Br v KOH trong C2H5OH thy thot ra mt cht kh khng mu. Dn kh ny i qua ng nghim ng nc brom. Hin tng xy ra l:

A. xut hin kt ta trng B. Nc brom c mu m hn C. nc brom b mt mu D. Khng c hin tng g xy ra 9/ S ng phn ca dn xut halogen c cng thc phn t C4H9Br l: A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 5 II ANCOL: 1/ Chn cm t ng nht in vo ch trng sau: Ru l hp cht hu c m trong phn t ca chng cha mt hay nhiu nhm -OH lin kt vi............. A. Gc hirocacbon. B. Gc ankyl. C. Gc anlyl. D.Gc hirocacbon no. 2/ Chn cm t ng nht in vo ch trng sau: Nhit si ca ru cao hn hn nhit si ca ankan tng ng l v gia cc phn t ru tn ti.......... A. Lin kt cng ha tr. B. Lin kt hiro. C. Lin kt phi tr. D. Lin kt ion. 3/ Khi cho mt t git dung dch phenolphtalein vo mt dung dch cha C2H5ONa th dung dch c mu: A. . B. Hng. C. Khng i mu. D. Xanh. 4/ Dy ng ng ca ru etylic c cng thc tng qut l: A. CnH2n+2OH(n 1). B. CnH2n-1OH(n 1). C. CnH2n+1OH(n 1). D. CnH2n-2O(n 1). 5/ Cng thc cu to ng ca 2,2- imetyl butanol-1 l: A. (CH3)3C-CH2-CH2-OH B. CH3-CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-OH C. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-OH D. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-OH 6/ Cng thc cu to ng ca ru tert - butylic l: A.(CH3)3COH. B.(CH3)3CCH2OH. C.(CH3)2CHCH2OH D.CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3. 7/ Dng Cu(OH)2 c th nhn bit c cht no: A. ancol etylic B. Glixerol C. imetyl ete D. metan . 8/ Ru no sau y khng tn ti? A. CH2=CH-OH B. CH2=CH-CH2OH. C. CH3CH(OH)2. D. C A,,C. 9/ t chy mt ru X, ta c hn hp sn phm chy trong nCO2 < nH2O. Kt lun no sau y ng: A. (X) l ru no B. (X) l ankaiol C. (X) l ru 3 ln ru D. T 10/ Cng thc no di y l cng thc ca ru no mch h? A. CnH2n+2-x(OH)x B. C nH2n+2O C. CnH2n+2Ox D. CnH2n+1OH 11/ Cho bit sn phm chnh ca phn ng kh nc ca (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 ? A. 2 - metylbut-1-en B. 3 - metylbut-1-en C. 2 - metylbut-2-en D. 3 - metylbut-2-en 12/ Anken sau: CH3 CH CH=CH2 l sn phm loi nc ca r no di y: CH3 A. 2-metylbutan-1-ol B. 2,2-imetylpropan-1-ol C. 2-metylbutan-2-ol D. 3-metylbutan1-ol 13/ Mt ru no c cng thc thc nghim (C2H5O)n vy cng thc phn t ca ru l: A. C6H15O3 B. C4H10O2 C. C6H14O3 D. C4H10O 14/ Thuc th duy nht c th dng nhn bit 3 cht lng ng trong 3 l mt nhn : Phenol , Stiren ; Ru benzylic l: A. Na B. Dung dch NaOH C. Qu tm D. Dung dch Br2 15/ Dy gm cc cht u phn ng c vi C2H5OH l: A. Na, CuO, HBr B. NaOH, CuO, HBr C. Na, HBr, Mg D. CuO, HBr, K2CO3 16/ Theo danh php IUPAC, hp cht HOCH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2 c tn gi l: A. 4-metylpentan-2-ol B. 2-metylpentan-2-ol C. 4,4-imetylbutan-2-ol D. 1,3-imetylbutan-1-ol 17/ Ancol no, a chc X c cng thc n gin nht l C2H5O. X c cng thc phn t l: A. C4H5O B. C4H10O2 C. C6H15O3 D. C8H20O4 18/ un nng hn hp 3 ancol no, n chc, mch h vi H 2SO4 c nhit thch hp th c th thu c ti a bao nhiu ete? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

19/ Khi oxi ha ancol A bng CuO, nhit , thu c andehit, vy ancol A l: A. ancol bc 1 B. ancol bc 2 C. ancol bc 1 hoc ancol bc 2 D. ancol bc 3 20/ un nng mt ru X vi H2SO4 m c nhit thch hp thu c mt olefin duy nht. Cng thc tng qut ca X l : A. CnH2n+1CH2OH B. RCH2OH C. CnH2n+1OH D. CnH2n+2O 21/ Thuc th phn bit glixerol, etanol v phenol l: A. Na, dung dch brom B. Dung dch brom, Cu(OH)2 C. Cu(OH)2, dung dch NaOH D. Dung dch brom, qu tm 22/ S ng phn ru ca C3H7OH l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 23/ Trong dy ng ng ru no n chc, khi mch cacbon tng, ni chung: A. Nhit si tng, kh nng tan trong nc gim B. Nhit si tng, kh nng tan trong nc tng C. Nhit si gim, kh nng tan trong nc gim D. Nhit si gim, kh nng tan trong nc tng 24/ S S ng phn ru ca C4H9OH l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 25/ Cht c tn l g ? OH
CH3 - C - CH3 CH3 A. 1,1- imetyletanol C. isobutan-2-ol 26/ Ancol isobutylic c cng thc cu to no? A. CH3 - CH2 - CH - OH
CH3
B. 1,1 imetyletan-1-ol D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol B.

CH3 - CH - CH2 - OH CH3
C.
D.
OH CH3 - C - CH3 CH3
CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH2 -OH CH3
27/ Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng dng phng php no sau y iu ch ru etylic? A. Cho glucoz ln men ru B. Thu phn dn xut halogen trong mi trng kim C. Cho C2H4 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, nng D. Cho CH3CHO hp H2 c xc tc Ni, un nng. 28/ Pht biu no sau y l ng: A. Ru thm l cht c cng thc tng qut C6H6(OH)z B. Ru thm l cht trong phn t c nhn benzen v c nhm hidroxyl. C. Ru thm l cht c nhm hidroxyl gn trn mch nhnh ca hidrocacbon thm. D. Ru thm l cht c nhn benzen, mi thm hnh nhn. 29/ Cho cc hp cht: (1) CH3 CH2 OH (2) CH3 C6H4 - OH (3) CH3 C6H4 CH2 OH (4) C6H5 - OH

(5) C6H5 CH2 OH (6) C6H5 CH2 CH2 - OH Nhng cht no sau y l ru thm? A. (2) v (3) B. (3), (5) v (6) C. (4), (5) v (6) D. (1), (3), (5) v (6) 30/ Cht hu c no sau y l cht lng iu kin thng A. CH3Cl B. CH3OH C. CH3 O CH3 D. Tt c u l cht lng 31/ phn bit ancol etylic tinh khit v ancol etylic c ln nc, c th dng cht no sau y? A. Na kim loi B. CuO, to C. CuSO4 khan D. H2SO4 c 32/ Khi t chy mt ru thu c t l s mol nH2O : nCO2 = 1:1. kt lun no sau y v ru cho l ng? A. Ru no, n chc B. Ru c mt lin kt i, n chc C. Ru c mt lin kt ba, n chc D. Ru thm 33/ CTCT ca But-3-en-1-ol: B. CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH2 - OH A. CH2 = CH - CH - CH3
OH C. CH = CH - CH2 = CH2 OH
o o
D. CH2 = C - CH2 - CH3 OH
34/ Cc ancol c t nc, t si, tan trong H2O ca ancol u cao hn so vi hirocacbon v: A. Cc ancol c nguyn t O trong phn t B. Cc ancol c khi lng phn t ln C. Cc ancol c khi lng phn t ln hn hirocacbon v c kh nng hnh thnh lin kt hiro vi H2O D. Gia cc phn t ancol tn ti lin kt hiro lin phn t ng thi c s tng ng vi cu to ca H2O 35/ S lng ng phn c nhm OH ca C5H12O l: A. 4 B. 8 C. 5 D. 7 36/ Tn gi ca CH3-CH(OH)-CH2OH l: A. 1,2- ihiroxyl propen B. Propan-2,3-iol C. Propan-1,2- iol D. 1- Metyl etaniol. 37/ Khi oxiho ancol X thu c anehit n chc, vy CTCT ca X c dng: A. R-OH B. R-CH(OH)-R C. CnH2n+1CH2OH D. R-CH2-OH 38/ Khi t chy ancol X thu c s mol nc ln hn s mol CO2. iu cho bit, X l A. Ancol no, mch h B. Ancol no n chc C. Ancol c 1 lin kt D. Ancol a chc 39/ Khi lng kim loi Na cn phi ly tc dng vi 80g C2H5OH l: A. 25g B. 35g C. 40g D. 45g 40/ t chy mt lng ancol A thu c 4,4g CO2 v 3,6g H2O. CTPT ca ru l: A. CH3OH B. C2H5OH C. C3H7OH D. C4H9OH 41/ Cho 11 gam hn hp gm 2 ru n chc tc dng ht vi natri kim loi thu c 3,36 lt hidro (ktc). Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca 2 ru l: A. 36,7 B. 48,8 C. 73,3 D. 32,7 42/ t chy 1,85 gam mt ru no n chc cn c 3,36 lit O2 (ktc). Cng thc ru l: A. CH3OH B. C2H5OH C. C3H7OH D. C4H9OH

43/ Cho 16,6 gam hn hp gm ru etylic v ru n-propylic phn ng ht vi Na d thu c 3,36 lit H 2 (ktc). % v khi lng cc ru trong hn hp l. A. 27,7% v 72,3% B. 60,2% v 39,8% C. 40% v 60% D. 32% v 68% 44/ Cho 11g hn hp gm hai ru no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36lit H2 (o kc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 ru trn l: A.CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C3H5OH v C2H5OH. C. CH3OH v C2H3OH. D. C3H7OH v C2H5OH. 45/ Mt ru n chc A tc dng vi HBr cho hp cht hu c B c cha C, H, Br; trong Br chim 58,4% khi lng. CTPT ca ru l: A. C2H5OH B. C3H7OH C. CH3OH D. C4H9OH 46/ Ly mt lng Na kim loi tc dng va vi 18,7 gam hn hp X gm 3 ru n chc, c cn thu c 29,7 gam sn phm rn . Tm cng thc cu to ca mt ru c khi lng phn t nh nht. A. C2H5OH B. CH3OH C. C3H7OH D. C3H6OH 47/ Cho 2,84 gam mt hn hp hai ru n chc l ng ng lin tip nhau tc dng vi mt lng Na va , to ra 4,6 gam cht rn v V lt kh H2 ktc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai ru trn . A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH D. Cc cu A, B, C u sai 48/ t chy hon ton 2,22 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 5,28 gam CO 2 v 2,7 gam H2O. X phn ng vi Na, khng phn ng vi dung dch NaOH. Tm cng thc phn t ca A v cho bit tt c cc ng phn cng nhm chc v khc nhm chc ca A ng vi cng thc phn t trn? A. C3H8O c 4 ng phn B. C2H5OH c 2 ng phn C. C2H4(OH)2 khng c ng phn D. C4H10O c 7 ng phn 49/ t chy hon ton 1,52 gam mt ru X thu c 1,344 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 1,44 gam H2O.Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C3H8O2 B. C5H10O2 C. C4H8O2 D. C3H8O3 50/ Mt ru no X, khi t chy 1 mol X cn 2,5 mol O2. Cng thc ca ru X. A. C3H5(OH)3 B. C2H4(OH)2 C. C3H6(OH)2 D. Cu B v C ng 51/ Cho Na phn ng hon ton vi 18,8g hn hp 2 ru k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca ru etylic thy sinh ra 5,6 lt H2 ( ktc). CTPT 2 ru l: A . CH3OH, C2H5OH B . C2H5OH, C3H7OH C . C3H7OH, C4H9OH D . C4H9OH, C5H11OH 52/ Cho 1,85g mt ru no n chc X tc dng vi Na d thu c 308ml kh H 2(1atm v 27,3oC). Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C2H5OH. D. C5H11OH. B. C3H7OH C. C4H9OH III PHENOL: 1/ Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to :
CH3 OH
OH
CH2
OH
(1) (2) Cht no thuc loi phenol? A. (1) v (2). B. (2) v (3). C. (1) v (3). D. C (1), (2) v (3). 2/ Khi cho Phenol tc dng vi nc brom, ta thy: A. Mt mu nu ca nc brom B. To kt ta gch ta xm bc 3/ Phn ng no sau y chng minh phenol c tnh axit yu:
(3)
C. To kt ta trng
D. To kt

A. C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O 4/ Gi tn hp cht sau:
CH3 OH
B. C6H5ONa + Br2
C. C6H5OH + NaOH D. C6H5OH + Na
A. 4-metylphenol B. 2-metylphenol C. 5-metylphenol D. 3-metylphenol 5/ Nguyn nhn no sau y lm cho phenol tc dng d dng vi dung dch brom? A. Ch do nhm OH ht electron B. Ch do nhn benzen ht electron C. ch do nhn benzen y electron D. Do nhm OH y electron vo nhn benzen v nhn benzen ht electron lm tng mt electron cc v tr o- v p6/ Dng cch no sau y phn bit phenol lng v ru etylic? A. Cho c 2 cht cng tc dng vi Na B. Cho c 2 cht tc dng vi NaOH C. Cho c 2 cht th vi giy qu D. Cho c 2 cht tc dng vi dung dch nc brom 7/ Hy chn cu pht biu sai: A. Phenol l cht rn kt tinh d b oxi ho trong khng kh thnh mu hng nht B. Phenol c tnh axit yu nhng mnh hn H2CO3 C. Khc vi benzen, phenol phn ng d dng vi dung dch Br2 nhit thng to thnh kt ta trng. D. Nhm OH v gc phenyl trong phn t phenol c nh hng qua li ln nhau. 8/ Phenol phn ng c vi dy cht no sau y? A. CH3COOH, Na2CO3, NaOH, Na, dung dch Br2, HNO3 B. HCHO, Na2CO3, dung dch Br2, NaOH, Na C. HCHO, HNO3, dung dch Br2, NaOH, Na D. C A,B,C 9/ Cho m(gam) phenol C6H5OH tc dng vi natri d thy thot ra 0,56 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Khi lng m cn dng l... A. 4,7g. B. 9,4g. C. 7,4g. D. 4,9g. 10/ Cho nc brom d vo dung dch phenol thu c 6,62 gam kt ta trng (phn ng hon ton). Khi lng phenol c trong dung dch l: A. 1,88 gam B. 18,8 gam C. 37,6 gam D. 3,7
CHNG: HIDROCACBON THM

1/ Cu no ng nht trong cc cu sau y? A / Benzen l mt hirocacbon B / Benzen l mt hirocacbon no C / Benzen l mt hirocacbon khng no D / Benzen l mt hirocacbon thm 2/ Mt ng ng ca benzen c CTPT C8H10. S ng phn ca cht ny l : A/1 B/2 C/3 D/4 3/ Phn ng ca benzen vi cc cht no sau y gi l phn ng nitro ha: A. HNO3 m c B. HNO2 c / H2SO4c C. HNO3 long / H2SO4c D. HNO3 c / H2SO4c 4/ Dng dung dch brom (trong nc) lm thuc th, c th phn bit cp cht no sau y: A. metan v etan. B. toluen v stiren. C. etilen v propilen. D. etilen v stiren. 5/ Cc cht no sau y u lm mt mu dung dch brom trong nc ? A. CH CH, CH2 = CH2, CH4, C6H5CH = CH2. B. CH CH, CH2 = CH2, CH4, C6H5CH3. C. CH CH, CH2 = CH2, CH2= CH CH = CH2 , C6H5CH = CH2. D. CH CH, CH2 = CH2, CH3 CH3, C6H5CH = CH2. 6/ Ch dng 1 thuc th no di y c th phn bit c cc cht benzen, stiren, etylbenzen ? A. dung dch KMnO4 B. dung dch Brom C. oxi khng kh D. p n khc

7/ Hin tng g xy ra khi cho brom lng vo ng nghim cha benzen, lc ri yn: A. dung dch brom b mt mu B. Xut hin kt ta C. c kh thot ra D. Dung dch brom khng b mt mu 8/ Nhm th c sn trn nhn benzen nh hng phn ng th vo v tr ortho v para l: (R l gc hidrocacbon) A. R , NO2 B. OH , NH2 , gc ankyl , halogen C. OH , NH2 , CHO D. R , COOH 9/ Tnh cht thm ca benzen tc l: A. D tham gia phn ng th, kh tham gia phn ng cng v oxi ho B. Va tc dng vi halogen va tc dng vi HNO3 C. V l RH mch vng D. V c mi thm 10/ Hidrocacbon X l ng ng ca benzen c cng thc thc nghim (C3H4)n. X c cng thc phn t no di y? A. C12H16 B. C9H12 C. C15H20 D. C 12H16 hoc C15H20 11/ C cc cht sau y : Buta-1,3-dien, but-1-en, butan, toluen, etin Cht c dng lm monome iu ch trc tip cao su buna l : A. Buta-1,3-dien B. But-1-en C. Butan D. Etin as 12/ Sn phm ca phn ng: C6H5CH3 + Cl2 l: A. O-clotoluen. B. P - toluen. C. M - toluen. D. Benzyl Clorua. as 13/ Sn phm ca phn ng: C6H6 + Cl2 l: A. Clobenzen B. Hecxaclo xiclo hexan C. 1,2 iclo benzen. D. 1,3 oclo benzene. 14/ Cao su buna S c iu ch t: A.Butan + Styren B.Butin + Styren C.Buten + Styren D.Butadien 1,3 + Styren 15/ Hin tng g xy ra khi un nng toluen vi dung dch KMnO4: A. dung dch KMnO4 b mt mu B. C kt ta trng C. si bt kh D. Khng c hin tng g xy ra 16/ Khi t mt mol ankyl benzen th . A. n CO2 = n H2O C. n CO2 < n H2O B. n CO2 > n H2O D. n CO2 = n H2O + 3 17/ t mt ankyl benzen(A) thu c 9mol CO2 v 6 mol H2O. CTPT ca A l. A.C6H6 B.C7H8 C.C8H10 D.C9H12 18/ t 1mol ankyl benzene thu c 6mol H2O vy s mol CO2 s l A. 3 mol B. 6mol C. 9 mol D. 12 mol 19/ Sn phm chnh ca phn ng:naphtalen + Br2 l: A. 1-Bromnaphtalen. B. 2 Bromnaphtalen. C. 5,8-Brom naphtalen. D.5-Brom naphtalen. 20/Trong cc hp cht: Ankan;Akin; Benzen, loi no tham gia phn ng th? A. Ch c Ankan. B. Ch c Ankin. C. Ch c Benzen. D. C A,B,C u ng. 21/ t chy hon ton mt lng stiren sinh ra 1,1 g kh CO2. Khi lng stiren phn ng l: A. 0,325g B. 0,26g C. 0,32g D. 0,62g 22/ iu ch benzen bng cch trng hp hon ton 5,6 lit axetilen (ktc) th lng benzen thu c l: A. 26g B. 13g C. 6,5 g D. 52 g 23/ Th tch khng kh (ktc) cn dng t chy hon ton 0,1 mol benzen l: A. 84 lt B. 74 lt C. 82 lt D. 83 lt 24/ t X thu c mCO 2 : mH 2 O = 22 : 9. Bit X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. X l cht no sau y? A. CH3 / CH3 B. CH2 = CH2 C. CH CH D. C6H6

25/ Lng clobenzen thu c khi cho 15,6g C6H6 tc dng ht vi Cl2 (xc tc bt Fe) hiu sut phn ng t 80% l: A. 14g B. 16g C. 18g D. 20g
114 CAU TRAC NGHIEM ANDEHIT - XETON AXIT Cu 1. trung ha hon ton 2,36 g mt axit hu c X cn 80ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M. X l. A. CH3COOH. B. C2H5COOH. C. C2H3COOH. D. C2H4(COOH)2. Cu 2. Cho 2,2 gam hp cht n chc X cha C, H, O phn ng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3/ NH3 d to ra 10,8 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. HCHO. B. CH2=CHCHO. C. CH3CHO. D. C2H5CHO. Cu 3. Cho bn hp cht sau: (X): CH3CHClCHClCOOH ; (Y): ClCH2CH2CHClCOOH (Z): Cl2CHCH2CH2COOH ; (T): CH3CH2CCl2COOH Hp cht no c tnh axit mnh nht? A. Hp cht (X). B. Hp cht (Y). C. Hp cht (Z). D. Hp cht (T). Cu 4. Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3
thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit. A . HCHO. B. OHC-CHO. C. CH3CHO.
Cu 5. Cho s phn ng:
D. CH2=CH-CHO.
Xenluloz
+ H2O
H+ , to
m en r u
m en gim
+ Y xt, to
T.
Cng thc ca T l: A. C2H5COOH. B. C2H5COOCH3. C. CH3COOH. D. CH3COOC2H5. Cu 6. t chy hon ton 0,10 mol hn hp hai axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip thu c 3,360 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 2,70 gam H2O. S mol ca mi axit ln lt l: A. 0,050 v 0,050. B. 0,060 v 0,040. C. 0,045 v 0,055. D. 0,040 v 0,060. Cu 7. Chiu gim dn nhit si (t tri qua phi) ca cc cht: CH 3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O l: A. H2O, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. B. CH3CHO, H2O, C2H5OH. C. H2O, CH3CHO, C2H5OH. D. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O. Cu 8. Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong.
dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO. (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16). A. CH3CH2CHO. B. CH2 = CHCHO. C. CH3CHO. D. HCHO. Cu 9. X l hp cht hu c trong phn t ch cha C, H, O. X tham gia phn ng trng gng v cng tham gia phn ng vi dung dch NaOH. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c 0,3 mol gm CO2 v H2O. X l. A. HCOOCH3. B. H- CO - CH2 - COOH. C. H - CO - COOH. D. HCOOH. Cu 10. Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16). A. 16,20. B. 6,48. C. 8,10. D. 10,12.
Cu 11. Trong cc hp cht di y, hp cht no sau y c tnh axit mnh nht? A. CH3COOH. B. CF3COOH. C. CCl3COOH. D. CBr3COOH. Cu 12. Cho 4 hp cht sau: CH3COOH, CF3COOH, CCl3COOH, CBr3COOH. Hp cht c tnh axit mnh nht l: A. CF3COOH. B. CBr3COOH. C. CH3COOH. D. CCl3COOH. Cu 13. Axit acrylic (CH2=CHCOOH) khng tham gia phn ng vi. A. NaNO3. B. H2/xt. C. dung dch Br2. D. Na2CO3. Cu 14. Anehit X c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 36. S ng phn cu to c th c ca X l: A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 15. S cht c phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 l: A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.

Cu 16. A, B l 2 axit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho hn hp gm 4,60 gam A v 6,0 gam B tc dng ht vi kim loi Na thu c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l: A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. B. C3H7COOH v C4H9COOH. C. HCOOH v CH3COOH. D. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH. Cu 17. Cho cc cht sau: C2H5OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH, C6H5OH. Chiu tng dn linh ng ca nguyn t H trong cc nhm chc ca 4 cht l: A. C6H5OH, C2H5OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH. B. C2H5OH, C6H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH. C. C6H5OH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH. D. C2H5OH, C6H5OH, CH3COOH, HCOOH. Cu 18. C 3 dung dch: CH3CHO, CH3COOH, HCOOH ng trong 3 l mt nhn. Ho cht c th dng phn bit ba dung dch trn l: A. Qu tm, CuO. B. qu tm, Na. C. Qu tm, dung dch AgNO3/NH3. D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3, CuO. Cu 19. Cho axit axetic tc dng vi ancol etylic d (H 2SO4 c, to), kt thc th nghim thu c 0,3 mol etyl axetat vi hiu sut phn ng l 60%. Vy s mol axit axetic cn dng l: A. 0,5 mol. B. 0,18 mol. C. 0,05 mol. D. 0,3 mol. Cu 20. Cho 4,52 gam hn hp X gm C 2H5OH, C6H5OH, CH3COOH tc dng va vi Na thy thot ra 896 ml kh ( ktc) v m gam hn hp rn. Gi tr ca m l: A. 5,44 gam. B. 6,36 gam. C. 5,40 gam. D. 6,28 gam. Cu 21. Chia a gam CH3COOH thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1: trung ha va bi 0,5 lt dung dch NaOH 0,4M. Phn 2: thc hin phn ng este ha vi C 2H5OH thu c m gam este (gi s hiu sut phn ng l 100%). Gi tr ca m l: A. 8,8 gam. B. 35,2 gam. C. 21,2 gam. D. 17,6 gam. Cu 22. t chy mt hn hp cc ng ng ca anehit ta thu c s mol CO2 = s mol H2O th l
dy ng ng: A. Anehit hai chc no. C. anehit khng no, n chc.
B. Anehit n chc no. D. Anehit vng no. Cu 23. t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit. A. no, n chc. B. no, hai chc. C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. D. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.. Cu 25. Khi cho glixerol tc dng vi hn hp 2 axit etanoic v metanoic. S lng sn phm c th to
thnh ca phn ng este l: A. 16 sn phm.

0
B. 17 sn phm. Cu 26. Cho s phn ng sau:
C. 14 sn phm.
D. 15 sn phm.
H2 d O2 ,xt CuO,t X Y Z a xit isobutiric . Ni,t0
Bit X, Y, Z l cc hp cht hu c khc nhau v X cha no. Cng thc cu to ca X l cht no sau y? A. (CH3)2C=CHCHO. B. CH3-H(CH3)CH2OH. C. (CH3)3CCHO. D. CH2=C(CH3)CHO. Cu 27. un nng 18 gam CH3COOH vi 9,2 gam C2H5OH c mt H2SO4 c. Kt thc th nghim thu c 10,56 gam este. Hiu sut phn ng este ho bng. A. 30%. B. 40%. C. 60%. D. 80%. Cu 28. Cho cc cht sau: CH3COOH, C2H5COOH, CH3COOCH3, CH3CH2CH2OH. Chiu tng dn nhit si (t tri qua phi) ca cc cht trn l: A. CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3, C2H5COOH. B. CH3COOCH3, CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3COOH, C2H5COOH. C. CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3, C2H5COOH. D. CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3, CH3CH2CH2OH, C2H5COOH. Cu 29. Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH
0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l. A. C3H7COOH. B. CH3COOH. C. C2H5COOH. D. HCOOH.
Cu 30. C bao nhiu ng phn cu to ca xeton c cng thc phn t C 5H10O?

A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 31. Cho cc cht sau: CH3COOH, HCOOH, C6H5OH, CH2=CHCOOH, CH3CHO, CH3COCH3. Dy gm cc cht khng phn ng vi dung dch Br2 l: A. CH3COOH, HCOOH, CH3COCH3. B. CH3COOH, CH3COCH3. C. C6H5OH, CH2=CHCOOH, CH3CHO. D. CH3COOH, CH3COCH3, CH3CHO. Cu 32. Mt hn hp X gm hai anehit A, B n chc. Cho 0,25 mol hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d to ra 86,40 gam kt ta. Bit MA < MB. A ng vi cng thc phn t no di y? A. C2H3CHO. B. HCHO. C. CH3CHO. D. C2H5CHO. Cu 33. Cho cc dung dch thuc th: AgNO 3/NH3; Br2; Na2CO3; qu tm, KMnO4. S thuc th c th dng phn bit 3 cht: etanal (anehit axetic), propan2on (axeton) v pent1in (pentin1) l: A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 34. phn ng este ho c hiu sut cao hn (to ra nhiu este hn), ta c th dng nhng bin
php no trong s cc bin php sau. 1) tng nhit 2) dng H+ xc tc 4) chng ct dn este ra khi mi trng phn ng. A. 2,3. B. 3,4.
3) tng nng axit (hay ancol).
C. 3. D. 1,2. Cu 35. C bao nhiu ng phn anehit c cng thc phn t C5H10O? A. 3. B. 6. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 36. Cho 4 axit: CH3COOH (X), Cl2CHCOOH (Y) ClCH2COOH (Z), BrCH2COOH (T) Chiu tng dn tnh axit ca cc axit cho l: A. Y, Z, T, X. B. T, Z, Y, X. C. X, T, Z, Y. D. X, Z, T, Y. Cu 37. trung ha 6,72 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc Y, cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l: A. CH3COOH. B. C2H5COOH. C. C3H7COOH. D. HCOOH. Cu 38. Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 tc dng vi NaOH to thnh cht Y c cng thc phn t C 4H7O2Na. X l loi cht no di y? A. Axit. B. Phenol. C. Ancol. D. Este. Cu 39. Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) v imetyl ete (T). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l: A. T, Z, Y, X. B. T, X, Y, Z. C. Z, T, Y, X. D. Y, T, X, Z. Cu 40. Brom phn ng vi axit butiric (X) sinh ra CH 3CHBrCH2COOH (Y) hoc CH3CH2CHBrCOOH (Z) hoc BrCH2CH2CH2COOH (T) ty theo iu kin phn ng. Chiu tng dn tnh axit (t tri qua phi) ca cc axit trn l: A. T, Z, Y, X. B. X, Y, Z, T. C. Y, Z, T, X. D. X, T, Y, Z. Cu 41. Hp cht hu c X (CxHyOz) c phn t khi nh hn 90 g/mol. X tham gia phn ng trng gng v c th tc dng vi H2/Ni, t0, sinh ra mt ancol c cacbon bc bn trong phn t. Cng thc ca X l: A. (CH3)3CCH2CHO. B. (CH3)2CHCHO. C. (CH3)3CCHO. D. (CH3)2CHCH2CHO. Cu 42. Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht c phn ng vi C2H5CHO l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 43. Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un
nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho Na = 23, Ag = 108). A. CH3CH(OH)CHO. B. OHC-CHO. C. CH3CHO. D. HCHO.
Cu 44. Trong cng nghip anehit fomic c iu ch trc tip t cht no di y? A. Cacbon. B. Metyl axetat. C. Metanol. D. Etanol. Cu 45. Cho 13,4 gam hn hp X gm hai axit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng tc dng vi Na d, thu c 17,8 gam mui. Khi lng ca axit c s nguyn t cacbon t hn c trong X l: A. 3,0 gam. B. 6,0 gam. C. 4,6 gam. D. 7,4 gam. Cu 46. Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Ton b lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO 3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. HCHO. B. CH3CH2CHO. C. CH3CHO. D. CH2 = CHCHO.

Cu 47. t chy hon ton 1,46 gam mt axit hu c nhiu ln axit ngi ta thu c 1,344 lt kh CO2
(o ktc) v 0,9 gam nc. Cng thc nguyn n gin ca axit l: A. (C2H4O2)n. B. (C2H3O2)n. C. (C3H5O2)n.
D. (C4H7O2)n. Cu 48. Phn 1: Cho phn ng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam bc kim loi. trung ha hon ton phn 2 cn 200,0 ml dung dch NaOH 1,0M. Cng thc ca hai axit l: A. CH3COOH, C2H5COOH. B. CH3COOH, C3H7COOH. C. HCOOH, C3H7COOH. D. HCOOH, C2H5COOH. Cu 49. phn bit axit fomic v axetic c th dng. A. Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng. B. CaCO3. C. AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3. D. Dung dch NH3. Cu 50. Hp cht hu c A cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, trong cacbon chim 50% khi lng. Trong A ch c mt loi nhm chc, khi cho 1 mol A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d ta thu c 4 mol Ag. Cng thc cu to ca A l: A. OHC-(CH2)2-CHO. B. (CHO)2. C. OHC-CH2-CHO. D. HCHO. Cu 51. Hp cht.
CH2 CH C CH 2 CH3 O
c tn gi l:
A. imetyl xeton. B. Vinyletyl xeton. C. Etylvinyl xeton. D. Penten-3-ol. Cu 52. S bin i tnh cht axit ca dy CH3COOH, CH2ClCOOH, CHCl2COOH l: A. gim. B. tng. C. khng thay i. D. va gim va tng. Cu 53. Cht hu c X n chc trong phn t c cha C,H,O. t chy 1 mol X to ra khng qu.
1 mol CO2. Bit X c phn ng vi Na, NaOH, Na2CO3 v X c phn ng trng gng. X l. A. anehit axetic. B. axit axetic. C. anehit fomic. D. axit fomic.
Cu 54. Cng thc chung ca axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h l: A. CnH2n+2O2. B. CnH2n+1O2. C. CnH2nO2. D. CnH2n1O2.
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O. Cu 55. Xt phn ng: CH3COOH + C2H5OH

Trong cc cht trn, cht c nhit si thp nht l: A. C2H5OH. B. CH3COOC2H5. C. H2O. D. CH3COOH. Cu 56. Anehit c th tham gia phn ng trng gng v phn ng vi H 2 (Ni, t0). Qua hai phn ng ny chng t anehit. A. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ho. B. ch th hin tnh oxi ho. C. ch th hin tnh kh. D. th hin c tnh kh v tnh oxi ho. Cu 57. Cho cc axit sau: (CH3)2CHCOOH, CH3COOH, HCOOH, (CH3)3CCOOH. Chiu gim dn tnh axit (tnh t tri qua phi) ca cc axit cho l: A. HCOOH, CH3COOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH, (CH3)3CCOOH. B. (CH3)3CCOOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH, CH3COOH, HCOOH. C. HCOOH, (CH3)3CCOOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH, CH3COOH. D. HCOOH, CH3COOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH, (CH3)3CCOOH. Cu 58. Cho 3 axit: axit pentanoic CH3[CH2]2CH2COOH (1) axit hexanoic CH3[CH2]3CH2COOH (2) axit heptanoic CH3[CH2]4CH2COOH (3) Chiu gim dn tan trong nc (t tri qua phi) ca 3 axit cho l: A. (2), (1), (3). B. (3), (2), (1). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (2). Cu 59. Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht c phn ng vi (CH3)2CO l: A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1. Cu 60. Trong dy chuyn ho: +H2O +H 2 +O2 +Y C2H2 X Y Z T. Cc cht X, Y, Z, T ln lt l: A. C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5. B. HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH3COOH, HCOOC2H5. C. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5. D. C2H5CHO, C2H5OH, C2H5COOH, C2H5COOCH3.

Cu 61. C3H6O c bao nhiu ng phn mch h, bn c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br 2? A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. Cu 62. Cho 14,80 gam hn hp 2 axit hu c no, n chc tc dng vi lng va Na 2CO3 to thnh 2,24 lt CO 2 (ktc). Khi lng mui thu c l: A. 16,20 gam. B. 17,10 gam. C. 19,40 gam. D. 19,20 gam. Cu 63. t chy hon ton 1,760 gam mt axit hu c X mnh thng c 1,792 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 1,440 gam H2O. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. HOOCCH2COOH. B. CH3CH2CH2COOH. C. CH3CH=CHCOOH. D. C2H5COOH. Cu 64. Xt cc yu t sau y: nhit (1); xc tc(2); nng ca cc cht tc dng(3); bn cht ca cc
cht tc dng(4). Yu t no nh hng n tc ca phn ng este ha. A. (1), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (2), (3), (4).
D. (1), (2), (4). Cu 65. Axit X mch h, khng phn nhnh c cng thc thc nghim (C3H5O2)n. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. C2H4COOH. B. HOOCCH2CH(CH3)CH2COOH. C. HOOC[CH2]4COOH. D. CH3CH2CH(COOH)CH2COOH. Cu 66. Cho 10 gam hn hp X gm axit acrylic v axit propionic tc dng va vi 50 gam dung dch Br 2 3,2%. Thnh phn % khi lng axit propionic c trong X l: A. 72%. B. 28 %. C. 74%. D. 26%. Cu 67. Dng thuc th no di y phn bit axit fomic v axit acrylic? A. dung dch Br2. B. Dung dch Na2CO3. C. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3. D. Qu tm m. Cu 68. sn xut gim n ngi ta dng phng php no trong cc phng php sau? A. 2CH CHO + O 3 2
CH3COOCH3 + H2O
xt, t 0
2CH3COOH . B.
CH3COOH + CH3OH .
H 2SO 4 , un nng
C. D.
C2H2 + H2O
CH3CHO
enzim
[O] xt
CH3COOH .
C2H5OH + O2
CH3COOH + H2O .
Cu 69. Cho 10 gam fomalin tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d, sau phn ng thu c 54 gam kt ta (coi nng ca axit fomic trong fomalin l khng ng k). Nng % ca anehit fomic l: A. 37,5%. B. 37%. C. 39,5%. D. 75%. Cu 70. Nhit si ca cc axit cacboxylic cao hn ca anehit, xeton, ancol c cng s nguyn t C l do. A. cc axit cacboxylic u l cht lng hoc cht rn. B. axit cacboxylic cha nhm C=O v nhm OH. C. s phn cc nhm cacboxyl v s to thnh lin kt hiro lin phn t cc phn t axit. D. phn t khi ca axit ln hn v nguyn t H ca nhm axit linh ng hn. Cu 71. Ch dng mt ha cht no di y phn bit hai bnh mt nhn cha kh C 2H2 v HCHO? A. Dung dch Br2. B. Cu(OH)2. C. Dung dch NaOH. D. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Cu 72. X v Y l hai axit hu c no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng. Cho hn hp gm 2,30 gam X v 3,0 gam Y tc dng ht vi K d thu c 1,12 lt H2 ( ktc). Cng thc ca hai axit l: A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. B. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH. C. C3H7COOH v C4H9COOH. D. HCOOH v CH3COOH. Cu 73. Cho hn hp gm 0,10 mol HCOOH v 0,20 mol HCHO tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d th khi lng Ag thu c l: A. 216,0 gam. B. 10,80 gam. C. 64,80 gam. D. 108,0 gam. Cu 74. iu ch anehit t ancol bng mt phn ng, ngi ta dng. A. ancol bc 2. B. ancol bc 1. C. ancol bc 1 v ancol bc 2. D. ancol bc 3. Cu 75. 10,6 gam hn hp hai axit n chc phn ng va vi 200 ml NaOH 1M. Khi lng.
hn hp mui natri thu c sau phn ng l. A. 21,2 gam. B. 15 gam.

Cu 76. Cho s phn ng:
C. 20 gam.
D. 5,3gam.

Cl2 ,as vi ti xt dd NaOH, t CuO, t CH 3COONa X Y Z T . 1:1 t0
0 0
X, Y, Z, T l cc hp cht hu c, cng thc ca T l: A. HCHO. B. CH3OH. C. CH2O2. D. CH3CHO. Cu 77. Bin php no di y khng p dng lm tng hi sut qu trnh tng hp CH 3COOC2H5 t axit v ancol tng ng? A. Dng H2SO4 c hp th nc. B. Tng p sut chung ca h. C. Dng d axit hoc ancol. D. Chng ct ui este. Cu 78. t chy hon ton 0,10 mol hn hp hai axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip thu c 3,36 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 2,70 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca chng l: A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. B. C2H3COOH v C3H5COOH. C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH. D. HCOOH v CH3COOH. Cu 79. t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO2. Mt khc, trung ha a mol Y.
cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l. A. HOOC-COOH. B. HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH. C. CH3-COOH. D. C2H5COOH. Cu 80. phn ng este ho mau t ti trng thi cn bng, ta c th dng nhng bin php no trong s cc bin php sau. 2) Dng H+ xc tc. 1) Tng nhit . 3) Tng nng axit (hay ancol). 4) Chng ct dn este ra khi mi trng phn ng. A. 1,2. B. 3,4. C. 2,3. D. 3.
Cu 81. Cho 19,2 gam hn hp X gm fomaehit v axetanehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d Cu(OH) 2 trong NaOH un nng. Kt thc th nghim thu c 100,8 gam kt ta. Thnh phn % s mol fomaehit c trong X l: A. 33,33%. B. 66,67%. C. 50,0%. D. 75,0%. Cu 82. Cho s phn ng sau:
Toluen
+ Cl2, as 1:1
+NaOH, t o
+CuO, to
+ dd AgNO3/NH 3
T.
Bit X, Y, Z, T l cc hp cht hu c v l nhng sn phm chnh. Cng thc cu to ng ca T l cht no sau y? A. p-HOOC-C6H4-COONH4. B. C6H5-COOH. C. CH3-C6H4-COONH4. D. C6H5-COONH4. Cu 83. un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti.
trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l. A. 55%. B. 75%. C. 62,5%.
D. 50%. Cu 84. Cho 2,9 gam anehit X c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 29,0 tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. CH2=CHCHO. B. CH3CHO. C. (CHO)2. D. CH3CH2CHO. Cu 85. Cho cc thuc th sau: Na; K; AgNO3/NH3; Cu(OH)2/OH. S thuc th c th dng phn bit 2 bnh ring bit, mt nhn ng ancol etylic 45o v dung dch fomalin l: A. 1. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 86. T khi hi ca anhit X so vi H2 bng 29. Bit 2,9 gam X tc dng vi dung dch. AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH3 - CH2 - CHO. B. CH2 = CH - CHO. C. CH2 = CHCH2CHO. D. OHC - CHO. Cu 87. Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. CH3CHO. B. HCHO. C. OHC-CH2-CHO. D. (CHO)2. Cu 88. Axit no di y c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2/OH khi un nng cho kt ta gch? A. Axit fomic. B. Axit stearic. C. Axit acrylic. D. Axit oxalic. Cu 89. t chy hon ton 6,0 gam axit cacboxylic X ri dn ton b sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh (1) ng axit H2SO4 c, d v bnh (2) ng dung dch NaOH c, d. Kt thc th nghim, bnh (1) tng 3,6 gam; bnh (2) tng 8,8 gam. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. HOOCCOOH. B. CH3COOH. C. HCOOH. D. CH2=CHCOOH.

Cu 90. trung ho 8,8 gam mt axit cacboxylic c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh thuc dy ng ng ca axit axetic cn 100,0 ml dung dch NaOH 1,0M. Cng thc cu to c th c ca axit cacboxylic l: A. CH3CH2CH2COOH. B. CH3CH(CH3)COOH. C. CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH. D. CH3 CH2COOH. Cu 91. iu ch axit trc tip t anehit ta c th dng cht oxi ha no sau y? A. Cu(OH)2/OH-, to. B. O2 (Mn2+, to). C. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3. D. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3 hoc Cu(OH)2/OH-, to. Cu 93. Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, l: A. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. B. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen. C. anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen. D. anehit axetic, axetilen, butin-2. Cu 94. Chia hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h thnh hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1: em t chy hon ton thu c 5,4 gam H2O. Phn 2: Cho tc dng ht vi H 2 d (Ni, to) thu c hn hp Y. t chy hon ton hn hp Y, thu c V lt CO 2 (ktc). V c gi tr no di y? A. 1,12 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt. Cu 95. Khi t chy hon ton anehit no, n chc, mch h th t l s mol sn phm chy thu c l: A.
n H2O n CO2
=1 .
B.
n H2O n CO2
>1 .
C.
n H 2O n CO2
<1 .
D.
n H2O n CO2
1 = . 2
Cu 96. X l hp cht hu c (cha C, H, O) trong hiro chim 2,439% v khi lng. t chy hon ton X thu c s mol nc bng s mol X, mt khc bit 1 mol X phn ng va vi 4 mol AgNO 3 trong dung dch amoniac. Cng thc cu to c th c ca X l: A. HCC-CHO. B. HCHO. C. CH3CHO. D. OHC-CC-CHO. Cu 97. Hn hp X gm hai axit hu c no. t chy 0,3 mol hn hp X thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc). Nu
trung ha 0,3 mol hn hp X th cn 500ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Cng thc cu to ca hai axit l: A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. B. HCOOH v HOOC - COOH. C. CH3COOH v D. CH3COOH v HOOC - COOH. C3H7COOH. Cu 98. Axit cacboxylic no, mch h X c cng thc thc nghim (C3H4O3)n, vy cng thc phn t ca X l. A. C9H12O9. B. C3H4O3. C. C12H16O12. D. C6H8O6.
Cu 99. trung ho 3,6 gam mt axit n chc (X) cn 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Tn gi ca X l: A. axit fomic. B. axit metacylic. C. Axit crylic. D. axit axetic. Cu 100. C4H8O2 c bao nhiu ng phn axit? A. 3 ng phn. B. 1 ng phn. C. 4 ng phn. D. 2 ng phn. Cu 101. Cho hn hp HCHO v H2 d i qua ng ng bt Ni un nng thu c hn hp X. Dn ton b sn phm thu c vo bnh nc lnh thy khi lng bnh tng 11,80 gam. Ly ton b dung dch trong bnh cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 21,60 gam Ag. Khi lng ancol c trong X l gi tr no di y? A. 1,03 gam. B. 8,30 gam. C. 9,30 gam. D. 10,30 gam. Cu 102. Hp cht C4H6O3 c th tc dng vi natri gii phng H2, tc dng vi NaOH v c phn.
ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to hp l ca C4H6O3 c th l. A. CH3- CO - CH2 - COOH. B. CH2OH- COO- CH = 2. CH C. HCO - O - CH2- CH2 - CHO. D. OHC - CH2 - CH2 - COOH.
Cu 103. t chy hon ton hn hp hai axit cacboxylic thu c 3,36 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 2,70 gam H2O. Hai axit trn thuc loi no trong nhng loi sau? A. No, n chc, mch h. B. No, a chc. C. Thm, n chc. D. Khng no, n chc. Cu 104. Cho 4 cht: C6H5OH, CH3COOH, H2CO3, HCOOH. Cht c tnh axit yu nht l: A. H2CO3. B. CH3COOH. C. HCOOH. D. C6H5OH. Cu 105. Mt hn hp gm hai anehit X v Y k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca anehit no n chc, mch h (khc HCHO). Cho 1,02 gam hn hp trn phn ng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 4,32 gam Ag kim loi (hiu sut phn ng 100%). Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l:

A. HCHO, C2H5CHO. B. C3H7CHO, C4H9CHO. C. CH3CHO, C2H5CHO. D. CH3CHO, HCHO. Cu 106. S lin kt trong cng thc cu to ca axit cacboxylic khng no, n chc, mch h c mt ni i l: A. 0. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. Cu 107. Cho cc cht sau: CH3CH2CHO, CH2=CHCHO, CH3COCH3, CH2=CHCH2OH. Nhng cht no tc dng hon ton vi H2 d (Ni, to) cho cng mt sn phm? A. CH3CH2CHO, CH2=CH-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2OH. B. CH2=CH-CHO, CH3-COCH3, CH2=CH-CH2OH. C. CH3CH2CHO, CH2=CH-CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. D. CH3CH2CHO, CH2=CH-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3. Cu 108. Trong cng nghip, axeton c iu ch t. A. xiclopropan. B. propan-2-ol. C. cumen. D. propan-1-ol. Cu 109. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol axit cacbonxylic n chc cn dng va V lt O 2 (ktc) thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l: A. 4,48. B. 5,60. C. 8,96. D. 6,72. Cu 110. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h thu c 0,4 mol CO 2. Mt khc hiro ho hon ton m gam X cn va 0,2 mol H 2 (Ni, to), sau phn ng thu c hn hp hai ancol. t chy hon ton hn hp hai ancol ny th s mol H2O thu c l bao nhiu? A. 0,8 mol. B. 0,6 mol. C. 0,3 mol. D. 0,4 mol. Cu 111. Oxi ho 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc X thu c 3,0 gam axit tng ng (hiu sut phn ng bng 100%). X c cng thc cu to no di y? A. CH3CHO. B. CH3CH2CH2CHO. C. CH3CH(CH3)CHO. D. C2H5CHO. Cu 112. Axit fomic HCOOH c th tham gia phn ng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d v phn ng kh Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng baz thnh kt ta mu gch (Cu2O) v. A. axit fomic l axit rt mnh nn c kh nng phn ng c vi cc cht trn. B. y l nhng tnh cht ca mt axit c tnh oxi ha. C. axit fomic th hin tnh cht ca mt axit phn ng vi mt baz l AgOH v Cu(OH) 2. D. trong phn t axit fomic c nhm chc anehit. Cu 113. t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 3a mol CO 2. Mt khc, trung ha a mol Y cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to ca Y l: A. HOOCCH2COOH. B. CH3COOH. C. HOOCCOOH. D. CH3CH2COOH. Cu 114. Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO3 thu c 7,28 gam.
mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l. A. CH2=CH-COOH. B. HCC-COOH. C. CH3-CH2-COOH. D. CH3COOH.
BI TP ANEHIT T CC I HC
Cu 1(HA 2007): Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO 3/NH3 un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ha X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. HCHO B. CH3CHO C. OHC-CHO D. CH3CH(OH)CHO Cu 2 (HA 2007): Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit n chc X, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO 3/NH3 un nng . Lng Ag sinh ra phn ng ht vi axit HNO 3 long thy thot ra 2,24 lit kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. A. HCHO B. CH3CHO C. CH3CH2CHO D. C2H3CHO Cu 3 (HA 2008): Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp rn Zv hn hp hi Y. Cho Y tc dung vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d, un nng thu c 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr m l: A. 7,4 gam B. 7,8 gam C. 8,8 gam D. 9,2 gam Cu 4 (HA 2008): Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO 3/NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO 3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lit NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l: A. HCHO B. C2H5CHO C. C3H7CHO D. C4H9CHO Cu 5 (HA 2009): Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H2 qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y thu c 11,7 gam H2O v 7,84 lit kh CO2 (ktc). Phn trm th tch H2 trong X l: A. 35,00% B. 46,15% C. 53,85% D. 65,00% Cu 6 (HA 2009): Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l: A. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4 B. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2 C. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5 D. HCOOC2H5, C2H2, CH3COOH Cu 7(HA 2009): Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3/NH3thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H 2 d (xc tc Ni, t0) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l: A. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0) B. CnH2n+1 CHO (n 0) C. CnH2n -1 CHO (n 2) D. CnH2n-3 CHO (n 2) Cu 8(HB 2009): Hiro ha hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m+1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,19 lit O2 (ktc). Ga tr ca m l: A. 8,8 B. 10,5 C. 17,8 D. 24,8
THI TRC NGHIM ANDEHIT- AXIT CACBOXYLIC

Cu 1: Oxi hoa ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thanh anehit cn va u 4,8 gam CuO. Cho toan b lng anehit trn tac dung vi lng d dung dich AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Hai ancol la : A. C2H5OH, C2H5CH2OH B. C2H5OH, C3H7CH2OH C. CH3OH, C2H5CH2OH D. CH3OH, C2H5OH Cu 2: Axeton c iu ch bng cach oxi hoa cumen nh oxi, sau o thuy phn trong dung dich H 2SO4 loang. thu c 145 gam axeton thi lng cumen cn dung (gia s hiu sut qua trinh iu ch at 75%) la A. 300 gam B. 500 gam C. 400 gam D. 600 gam Cu 3: Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l A. 10,9. B. 14,3. C. 10,2. D. 9,5. Cu 4: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca X so vi hiro bng 23. Cho m gam X i qua ng s ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng ng s gim 3,2 gam. Cho Y tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, to ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca propan-1-ol trong X l A. 65,2%. B. 16,3%. C. 48,9%. D. 83,7%. Cu 5: Hn hp M gm anhit X (no, n chc, mach h) va hircacbon Y, co tng s mol la 0,2 (s mol cua X nho hn cua Y). t chay hoan toan M, thu c 8,96 lit khi CO2 (ktc) va 7,2g H2O. Hircacbon Y la A. CH4 B. C2H2 C. C3H6 D. C2H4 Cu 6: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C 5H10O. Cht X khng phn ng vi Na, tha mn s chuyn ha sau:
+ H2 + CH 3COOH X Y Este c mi mui chn. Tn ca X l H 2 SOa Ni ,t 0 4, c
A. pentanal B. 2 metylbutanal C. 2,2 imetylpropanal. D. 3 metylbutanal. Cu 7: Oxi ho khng hon ton ancol isopropylic bng CuO nung nng, thu c cht hu c X. Tn gi ca X l A. metyl phenyl xeton B. propanal C. metyl vinyl xeton D. imetyl xeton Cu 8: Cho 4,6 gam mt ancol no, n chc phn ng vi CuO nung nng, thu c 6,2 gam hn hp X gm anehit, nc v ancol d. Cho ton b lng hn hp X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3/ NH3, thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 16,2 B. 43,2 C. 10,8 D. 21,6 Cu 9: Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc ca X l A. CH3CHO. B. HCHO. C. CH3CH2CHO. D. CH2 = CHCHO. Cu 10: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HCHO. B. CH3CHO. C. OHC-CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CHO. Cu 11: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, l: A. anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen. B. anehit axetic, axetilen, butin-2. C. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. D. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen. Cu 12: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit A. no, n chc. B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc. C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc. Cu 13: Oxi ha hon ton 20,4 g hn hp hai andehit k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, ngi ta thu c hn hp hai axit cacboxylic no n chc. trung ha hn hp axit ny cn phi dng 200ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Cng thc cu to ca hai andehit l: A. HCHO; CH3CHO B. CH3CHO; CH3CH2CHO C. C2H5CHO; C3H7CHO D.CH3CH(CH3)CHO; CH3CH(CH3)CH2CHO Cu 14: Pht biu no sau y lun ng v anehit: Anehit l hp cht hu c: A. Ch c tnh kh B. Ch c tnh oxi ha C. Khng c tnh oxi ha v khng c tnh kh . D. Va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh Cu 15: Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn phm X (gm HCHO, H 2O v CH3OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH3OH l A. 76,6%. B. 80,0%. C. 65,5%. D. 70,4%. Cu 16: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 7,8. B. 7,4 C. 9,2 D. 8,8 Cu 17: Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO 3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l

A. C3H7CHO. B. HCHO. C. C2H5CHO. D. C4H9CHO. Cu 18: S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l A. 5. B. 4 C. 3 D. 6 Cu 19: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh l A. 21,6 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 43,2 gam. D. 64,8 gam
Cu 20: t chy hon ton mt anehit X, thu c s mol CO 2 bng s mol H2O. Nu cho X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, sinh ra s mol Ag gp bn ln s mol X phn ng. Cng thc ca X l A. HCHO. B. (CHO)2. C. CH3CHO. D. C2H5CHO. Cu 21: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X va axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mach h v co cung s nguyn t C, tng s mol cua hai cht la 0,5 mol (s mol cua Y ln hn s mol cua X). Nu t chay hoan toan M thi thu c 33,6 lit khi CO2 (ktc) va 25,2 gam H2O. Mt khac, nu un nong M vi H2SO4 c thc hin phan ng este hoa (hiu sut la 80%) thi s gam este thu c la A. 34,20 B. 27,36 C. 22,80 D. 18,24 Cu 22: Tng s cht hu c mach h, co cung cng thc phn t C2H4O2 la A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4
Cu 23: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 0,1 mol mui ca axit vi kim loi km c tng khi lng l 15,8 gam. Tn ca axit trn l A. axit propanoic. B. axit metanoic. C. axit etanoic. D. axit butanoic. Cu 24: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng) tc dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c H 2SO4 c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 25 gam hn hp este (gi thit phn ng este ha t hiu sut 100%). Hai axit trong hn hp X l A. HCOOH; CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH; C2H5COOH. C. C2H5COOH; C3H7COOH . D. C2H7COOH; C4H9COOH. Cu 25: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam X cn 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l A. 0,015. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,005. Cu 26: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (M X > MY) c tng khi lng l 8,2 gam. Cho Z tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 11,5 gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho Z tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X trong Z l A. C3H5COOH v 54,88%. B. C2H3COOH v 43,90%. C. C2H5COOH v 56,10%. D. HCOOH v 45,12%. Cu 27: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, t0) to ra sn phm c kh nng phn ng vi Na l: A. C2H3CH2OH, CH3COCH3, C2H3COOH. B. C2H3CHO, CH3COOC2H3, C6H5COOH. C. C2H3CH2OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH. D. CH3OC2H5, CH3CHO, C2H3COOH. Cu 28: Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X gp hai ln s mol Y) va este Z c tao ra t X va Y. Cho mt lng M tac dung va u vi dung dich cha 0,2 mol NaOH, tao ra 16,4 gam mui va 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc cua X va Y la A. HCOOH va CH3OH B. CH3COOH va CH3OH C. HCOOH va C3H7OH D. CH3COOH va C2H5OH Cu 29: Cho 16,4 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic la ng ng k tip nhau phan ng hoan toan vi 200 ml dung dich NaOH 1M va KOH 1M thu c dung dich Y. C can dung dich Y, thu c 31,1 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc cua 2 axit trong X la A. C2H4O2 va C3H4O2 B. C2H4O2 va C3H6O2 C. C3H4O2 va C4H6O2 D. C3H6O2 va C4H8O2 Cu 30: t chay hoan toan 2,76 gam hn hp X gm C xHyCOOH, CxHyCOOCH3, CH3OH thu c 2,688 lit CO 2 (ktc) va 1,8 gam H2O. Mt khac, cho 2,76 gam X phan ng va u vi 30 ml dung dich NaOH 1M, thu c 0,96 gam CH 3OH. Cng thc cua CxHyCOOH la A. C2H5COOH B. CH3COOH C. C2H3COOH D. C3H5COOH Cu 31: Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc H 2SO4 c), un nng, thu c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l A. 62,50% B. 50,00% C. 40,00% D. 31,25% Cu 32: Hai cht X v Y c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2. Cht X phn ng c vi kim loi Na v tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cht Y phn ng c vi kim loi Na v ho tan c CaCO3. Cng thc ca X, Y ln lt l A. HOCH2CHO, CH3COOH B. HCOOCH3, HOCH2CHO C. CH3COOH, HOCH2CHO D. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH

Cu 33: Axit cacboxylic X c cng thc n gin nht l C 3H5O2. Khi cho 100 ml dung dch axit X nng 0,1M phn ng ht vi dung dch NaHCO3 (d), thu c V ml kh CO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 112 B. 224 C. 448 D. 336 Cu 34: t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO2. Mt khc, trung ha a mol Y cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l A. HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH. B. C2H5-COOH. C. CH3-COOH. D. HOOC-COOH. Cu 35: Trong mt bnh kn cha hi cht hu c X (c dng C nH2nO2) mch h v O2 (s mol O2 gp i s mol cn cho phn ng chy) 139,9oC, p sut trong bnh l 0,8 atm. t chy hon ton X sau a v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh lc ny l 0,95 atm. X c cng thc phn t l A. C2H4O2. B. CH2O2. C. C4H8O2. D. C3H6O2. Cu 36: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O 2 ( ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l A. 8,96. B. 11,2 C. 6,72 D. 4,48 Cu 37: Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol (ru) etylic (Z) v imetyl ete (T). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l A. T, Z, Y, X. B. Z, T, Y, X. C. T, X, Y, Z. D. Y, T, X, Z. Cu 38: trung ha 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l A. CH3COOH. B. HCOOH. C. C2H5COOH. D. C3H7COOH. Cu 39: Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C 17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l A. 6. B. 3 C. 5 D. 4 Cu 40: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua, ancol benzylic, p-crezol. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l A. 4. B. 6 C. 5 D. 3-----------------------------------
BI TP HA HU C
Phn 1: i cng hu c
Bi 1: T xa con ngi bit s ch cc cht hu c. Hy cho bit cc cch lm sau y thc cht thuc vo loi phng php tch bit tinh ch no: a) Gi l cy chm, cho vo nc, lc ly dung dch mu nhum vi, si. b) Nu ru ung. c) Ngm ru thuc, ru rn. d) Lm ng ct, ng phn t nc ma. Bi 2: Mt ong lu thng thy c nhng ht rn xut hin y chai. l hin tng g, v sao? Lm th no chng t nhng ht rn l cht hu c? Bi 3: Oxi ha ancol etylic thu c hn hp gm anehit, axit axetic, ancol d v nc. Hy tch ring tng cht hu c ra khi hn hp. Cho im si ca cc cht: CH 3CHO si 210C, C2H5OH si 780C, CH3COOH si 1180C, nc si 1000C. Bi 4: Hy ngh: a) Cch nhn bit kh ammoniac sinh ra khi phn tch nh tnh nit trong hp cht hu c. b) Phng php cho php khng nh kt ta sinh ra khi phn tch nh tnh clo trong hp cht hu c l AgCl. Bi 5: Nu ly mt si dy in gt b v nha ri t li ng trn ngn la n cn th thy ngn la nhum mu xanh l m, sau ngn la mt mu xanh. Nu p li dy ng ang nng vo v dy in ri t th thy ngn la li nhum mu xanh l m. Hy gii thch nguyn nhn ca hin tng. Bi 6: Oxi ha hon ton 4,92 mg mt cht A cha C, H, N,O v cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh cha H2SO4 m c, ri bnh cha KOH, th thy khi lng bnh cha H 2SO4 tng thm 1,81 mg, bnh cha KOH tng thm 10,56 mg. th nghim khc khi nung 6,15 mg hp cht vi CuO th thu c 0,55 ml (ktc) kh nit. Hy xc nh hm lng % ca C, H, O, N hp cht A.

Bi 7: t chy hon ton 15 mg mt hp cht hu c phi dng va ng 11,2 cm 3 oxi (ktc). Sn phm ca phn ng t chy l CO2 v H2O. T l v th tch ca kh CO2 v hi nc trong cng iu kin l 1: 1. Tnh thnh phn phn trm cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c. Bi 8: t chy hon ton 18,9 mg hp cht hu c cho 17,6 mg CO 2 v 5,4 mg nc. Khi t chy hon ton 9,45 mg hp cht ( c cht xc tc thch hp ) cho hiroclorua. nh lng ion clo cn 10 ml dung dch AgNO3 0, 01 M. Hy xc nh thnh phn phn trm cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c . Bi 9: Vitamin A c cng thc phn t C20H30O. Vitamin C c cng thc phn t C6H8O6 a) Vit cng thc n gin nht ca mi cht. b) Tnh t l % v khi lng v t l s nguyn t cc nguyn t vitamin A, C. Bi 10: Hy thit lp cng thc n gin nht t cc s liu phn tch sau: a) 70,94 % C, 6,40 % H, 6,90 % N, cn li l oxi. b) 65,92 %C; 7,75 %H, cn li l oxi. Bi 11: Ha hi 18,45 mg mt hirocacbon 1000C, 1 atm th thu c 5,02 ml kh. a) Xc nh phn t khi ca hirocacbon . b) Hirocacbon c th c cng thc phn t v cng thc n gin nht nh th no? Bi 12: Hy thit lp cng thc phn t hp cht hu c trong mi trng hp sau: a) t chy hon ton 10 mg hp cht sinh ra 33,85 mg CO 2 v 6,95 mg H2O. T khi hi ca hp cht i vi khng kh l 2,69. b) t chy 28,2 mg hp cht v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl 2 khan v KOH th thy bnh CaCl2 tng thm 19,4 mg cn bnh KOH tng thm 80,0 mg. Mt khc, khi t 18,6 mg cht sinh ra 2,24 ml nit (ktc). Bit rng phn t cht ch cha mt nguyn t nit. Bi 13: Cht hu c X c phn trm khi lng C, H, O ln lt bng 40%; 6,67% v 53,33%. Mt hc sinh xc nh cng thc n gin nht ca X l C2H4O. a) Kt qu ng hay sai ? Hy a ra kt qu tnh ton ca mnh. b) Mt lt hi ca X cng iu kin nng hn 1 lit khng kh gn 2,09 ln. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X. Bi 14: Cht hu c A cha 7,86% H; 15,73% N v khi lng. t chy hon ton 2,225 gam A thu c 1,68 lt CO2 (ktc) ; ngoi ra cn c hi nc v kh nit. Tm cng thc phn t ca A, bit A c khi lng mol phn t nh hn 100 gam. Bi 15: Da vo cu to nguyn t hy gii thch ti sao: a) Cacbon ch yu to thnh lien kt cng ha tr ch khng phi lien kt ion. b) Cacbon c ha tr 4 trong cc hp cht hu c. Bi 16: Hp cht no sau y c ng phn lp th: CH3CH=CHCH3 (A) ; CH3CHBrCH2CH3 (B) ; CH3CH=CHCHBrCH3 (C). Dng cng thc thch hp biu din cu trc ca cc ng phn lp th . Bi 17: Cho cc cht sau: a) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 b) CH3CH( CH3)CH2CH3 c) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 d) cis-CH3CH=CHCH2CH2CH3 e) cis-CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3 g) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2Cl h) CH3CH2CCl(CH3)CH3 i) trans-CH3CH=CHCH2CH2CH3 k) CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3. Nhng cht no l ng phn cu to ca nhau ? ng phn lp th ca nhau ?

Bi 18: Khi t chy 1,50 gam ca mi cht A hoc B hoc D u thu c 0,90 gam nc v 2,20 gam kh cacbonic. Ba cht trn c phi l ng phn ca nhau hay khng ? cho th d. Bi 19: Cho cc tiu phn sau y: gc t do hiroxyl, nguyn t clo, gc metyl, anion hiroxyl, anion clorua, anion metyl, cation amoni, cation metyl. a) Hy vit cng thc cu to ca chng. b) Hy vit cng thc Li-ut (vi y cc electron ha tr) ca chng v ni r tiu phn no mang electron c thn, tiu phn no mang in tch m, tiu phn no mang in tch dng, v sao ? Bi 20: nh du -ng hoc S-sai vo bn cnh cc cu sau: a) Nhm nguyn t mang in tch dng c gi l cacbocation. b) Cation c in tch dng nguyn t cacbon c gi l cacbocation. c) Cacbanion v cacbocation l cc tiu phn trung gian trong phn ng hu c. d) Cc tiu phn trung gian trong phn ng hu c c thi gian tn ti rt ngn. e) S phn ct ng li cc lin kt to ra cc tiu phn mang in tch m v dng. Bi 21: c mt mu axit benzoic C6H5-COOH b ln vi mt t ct. thu c axit tinh khit, mt hc sinh lm nh sau: un si hn hp vi nc n khi lng cht rn khng tan thm na, em lc nhanh thu ly dung dch. ngui thy c tinh th hnh kim khng mu ca axit benzoic tch ra. Lc ly tinh th, lm kh. Tin hnh tng t hai ln na vi tinh th ny, thu c cht rn c nhit nng chy khng i 1200C. Bn hc sinh s dng phng php tinh ch no ? Cch lm nh vy ng cha? Ti sao? C th c cch lm no khc khng ? Bi 22: Oxi ha hon ton 0,157 gam cht hu c A cha brom sau dn sn phm qua bnh (1) ng dung dch H2SO4 ri qua bnh (2) ng nc vi trong d. Kt qu cho thy khi lng bnh (1) tng 0,045 gam cn bnh (2) c 0,600 gam kt ta. Nu chuyn ton b brom trong 0,157 gam A thnh HBr, sau tc dng vi AgNO3 d, thu c 0,188 gam kt ta. a) Gii thch qu trnh th nghim trn. b) Tm cng thc phn t ca A, bit A c phn t khi nh hn 200 vC. Bi 23: Hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O. Phn tch nh lng 21mg cht X thu c 61,6mg CO 2 v 9mg H2O. xc nh phn t khi ca X ngi ta cho 2,06 gam X tan trong 100 gam benzen, dung dch ny si 80,3560C. a) Tnh phn t khi ca cht X, bit rng benzene si 80,10C v hng s nghim si K= 2,61 (i vi dung mi l benzen). b) Xc nh cng thc n gin nht v cng thc phn t ca X. Bi 24: t chy hon ton 0,4524 gam hp cht hu c A sinh ra 0,3318 gam CO2 v 0,2714 gam nc. un nng 0,3682 gam cht A vi vi ti xt (hn hp NaOH v CaO) chuyn tt c nit trong A thnh NH3, ri dn kh NH3 vo 20ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. trung ha axit cn d, cn dng 7,7ml dung dch NaOH 1M. a) tnh thnh phn phn trm cc nguyn t trong A. b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, bit rng phn t khi ca A l 60. Bi 25: t chy hon ton 0,118 gam hp cht hu c A trong oxi. Sn phm chy c dn qua bnh 1 cha P2O5, ri qua bnh 2 cha CaO khan. Sau th nghim, khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,09 gam v bnh 2 tng 0,176 gam.

un nng 0,059 gam cht A vi CuO d thu c 11,2cm3 N2 ( ktc). Ha tan 0,59 gam cht A trong benzen, dung dch ny c nhit d ng c thp hn nhit ng c ca benzene nguyn cht l 0,5060C, hng s nghim lnh ca benzen l K= 5,07. a) Nu cho sn phm t chy A qua bnh cha CaO trc, ri sau mi qua bnh cha P 2O5 th khi lng ca hai bnh s bin i nh th no ? b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c A. Bi 26: Khi t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c X cn 0,8 gam oxi v thu c 1,1 gam CO 2, 0,45 gam nc v khng c sn phm no khc. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X bit rng khi cho bay hi hon ton 0,6 gam cht X iu kin nhit v p sut thch hp thu c mt th tch hi bng ng th tch hi ca 0,32 gam oxi trong cng iu kin. Bi 27: Hai hp cht hu c A v B u cha C, H, O. t chy a gam tng cht u cn 0,336 lt oxi (ktc) v u cho 0,44 gam CO2, 0,27 gam nc. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A v B. bit rng t khi hi ca A hoc B i vi nit l 1,643 ; cht A phn ng vi Na cho kh H2, B khng phn ng. b) Xc nh gi tr ca a. Bi 28: Bn hp cht hu c c cng thc chung l C nH2n-1Cl. Phn tch nh lng nguyn t cho thy clo c thnh phn l 46,40%. Vit cng thc cu to ca 4 cht trn.
CHNG 5: HIDROCACBON NO
I.T LUN 1.a.Vit CTCT ca cc cht sau:4-etyl-3,3-imetylhecxan;4-etyl-2,3,3-trimetylheptan;3,5-ietyl-2,2,3-trimetyloctan 1,1-imetylxiclopropan;1-etyl-1-metylxiclohexan;1-metyl-4-isopropylxiclohexan b.Gi tn IUPAC ca cc ankan c CT sau:CH 3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3;CH3-CHBr-CH(C2H5)-CH3;(CH3)2CH-CH2C(CH3)3;CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)2; CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(C2H5)-CH2-C(CH3)3;CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(C2H5)CH2-CH3; c.Vit CTCT v gi tn cc ng phn ca cc cht c CTPT:C 4H10;C3H7Cl 2.Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng sau: a.Tch 1 phn t H2 t phn t propan b.t chy nonan c.Sc kh xiclopropan vo dung dch brom d.Dn hn hp xiclobutan v xiclopentan v hidro i vo trong ng c bt niken un nng. e.un nng xiclohexan vi brom theo t l mol 1:1 f.Isobutan tc dng vi clo(theo t l mol1:1) khi chiu sng 3.Mt ankan c thnh phn nguyn t %C=84,21.Xc nh CTPT ca ankan . 4.t chy hon ton 1,2 lt ankan th kh A cn dng va ht 6,0 lt O2 ly cng iu kin. a.Xc nh CTPT ca A. b.Cho A tc dng vi kh Cl2 250c v c nh sng.Thu c my dn xut monoclo ca A.Cho bit tn v dn xut no thu c nhiu hn. 5. t chy hon ton 1,45g mt ankan phi dng va ht 3,64 lt O2 (ktc). a.Xc nh CTPT. b.Vit CTCT cc ng phn ng vi CTPT .Gi tn. 6..Khi t chy hon ton 1,8g mt ankan thy trong sn phm to thnh khi lng CO 2 nhiu hn khi lng H2O l 2,8g. a.Xc nh CTPT ca ankan . b.Vit CTCT v gi tn cc ng phn ca ankan trn. 7..t chy hon ton 2,86g hn hp gm hexan v octan thu c 4,48 lt kh CO 2(ktc).Xc nh phn trm v khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp trn.

8..t chy 22,20g hn hp M cha 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng cn dng va ht 54,88 lt O 2(ktc).Xc nh CTPT v phn trm v khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp M. 9..t chy hon ton 10,2g hn hp 2 ankan l ng ng k tip nhau thu c 29,12 lt CO 2(ktc).Xc nh CTPT ca 2 ankan v phn trm v khi lng ca 2 ankan . 10..Mt monoxicloankan c t khi hi so vi nito bng 3.Xc nh CTPT ca ankan . 11..t chy 672ml cht kh A l 1 xicloankan th thy khi lng CO 2 to thnh nhiu hn khi lng H2O l 3,12g. a.Xc nh CTPT v vit CTCT gi tn. b.Cho A qua dung dch brom mu ca dung dch brom mt i.Xc nh CTCT ng ca A. 12. t chay hoan toan m gam hn hp gm CH4, C3H6 va C4H10 thu c 17,6g CO2 va 10,8g H2O. Tnh m? 13.t chay hoan toan 0,15 mol hn hp 2 ankan thu c 9,45g H 2O. Cho san phm chay vao dung dich Ca(OH) 2 d thi khi lng kt tua thu c la? 14.t chay hoan toan hn hp 2 hidrocacbon lin tip trong day ng ng thu c 11,2 lit CO 2 (ktc) va 12,6g H2O. Hai hidrocacbon o thuc day ng ng nao? 15. t chay hoan toan hn hp 2 hidrocacbon lim tip trong day ng ng thu c 22,4 lit CO 2(ktc) va 25,2g H2O. Hai hidrocacbon o la? 16.t chay hoan toan hn hp gm 1 ankan va 1 anken. Cho san phm chay ln lt i qua binh 1 ng P 2O5 d va binh 2 ng KOH rn, d thy binh 1 tng 4,14g, binh 2 tng 6,16g. S mol ankan co trong hn hp la? 17.t chay hoan toan 0,1 mol hn hp gm CH 4, C4H10 va C2H4 thu c 0,14 mol CO2 va 0,23 mol H2O. S mol ankan va anken co trong hn hp ln lt la: II.TRC NGHIM 1. Khi t chy hon tan mt hirocacbon A thu c t l s mol
n H 2O nCO2
> 1 . Vy A thuc dy ng ng
A. ankan. B. anken. C. ankin. D. xicloankan. 2. Hn hp X gm hai ankan ng ng k tip c t khi so vi oxi bng 1,125. Vy CTPT ca hai ankan l A. C3H8 v C4H10. B. CH4 v C3H8. C. CH4 v C2H6. D. C2H6 v C3H8. 3. Di tc dng ca nhit v c mt cht xc tc, butan cho sn phm l: A. C4H8, H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6 v C3H6 B. H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6 v C3H6 C. C4H8, H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6 v C3H8 D. CH4, C2H4, C2H6 v C3H6 4.t chy hon ton 2 Hidro cacbon X, Y lin tip trong dy ng ng thu c 8,4 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 6,75g H2O. X, Y thuc dy ng ng sau y: a. Aren b. Ankan c. Anken d. Ankin 5. Mt hn hp gm 2 cht ng ng ankan k tip c khi lng 24,8 g, th tch tng ng l 11,2l (ktc). CTPT ca 2 Hidro cacbon l: a. C4H10, C5H12 b.C3H8, C4H10 c. C2H6, C3H8 d. C5H12, C6H14 6.. Hidro cacbon X c 25% H v khi lng, X c CTPT no sau y a. CH4 b.C2H6 c.C2H4 d.C3H8 7.. Khi cho metyl xiclopentan tc dng vi Clo trong iu kin chiu sng. S dn xut monoclo thu c l: a. 6 b. 5 c. 4 d. 3 8. t chy hon ton hn hp cc hidroccbon cng dy ng ng thu c s mol nc ln hn s mol kh cacbonic. ng ng ca cc hidrocacbon l: A. ankin B. ankan C. ankylbenzen D. anken 9. Cng thc cu to CH3 CH CH2 - CH3 ng vi tn gi no sau y . CH3 A. 2- metyl butan B. 1,1 di metyl propan C. neopentan D. izo butan 10. Trong cc dy cht sau, dy cht no l ng ng ca ankan? A. CH4, C3H8, C4H10, C6H14 B. CH4, C3H6, C4H10, C6H14 C. C2H4, C3H8, C4H10, C6H12 D. CH4, C3H8, C4H10, C6H12 11. t chy hon ton mt ankan X, thu c 13,44 lt (ktc) CO 2 v 14,4 g H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l ( B. C3H8 C. C4H10 D. C2H6 C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O = 16 )A. C5H12

12. Cng thc ca hp cht ng vi tn gi iso hexan l A. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3. B. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3. C. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3. D. CH3-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH2-CH3. 13. t chy hon ton 12,32 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 ankan ng ng lin tip, thu c 83,6(g) CO 2 v m(g) H2O. Cng thc phn t 2 ankan v gi tr m l ( C = 12; H = 1; O = 16) A. C2H6 v C3H8; 44,1g. B. C2H6 v C3H8; 43,2g. C. C3H8 v C4H10; 43,2g. D. C3H8 v C4H10; 44,1g. 14. Mt hn hp X gm hai ankan ng ng k tip c khi lng l 11,8 gam v th tch ktc l 6,72 lt. CTPT v s mol ca mi ankan l (C=12; H=1) A. Etan (0,1mol) v Propan (0,2 mol) B. Metan (0,15mol) v Etan (0,15mol) C. Etan (0,2mol) v Propan (0,1mol) D. Propan (0,15mol) v Butan (0,15mol) 15. Khi clo ha isopentan theo t l 1:1 thu c s lng sn phm th monoclo l A. 3 B. 2 C. 5 D. 4 16. Thc hin phn ng tch propan nhit v xc tc thch hp, thu c cc sn phm X, Y, Z, T. Vy X, Y, Z, T l cc cht no ? A. CH4, H2, C3H8, C3H6 B. CH4, C2H4, H2, C3H6 C. CH4, C2H6, H2, C3H6 D. CH4, C2H4, C3H8, C3H6 17./ t 0,1mol ankan X thu c 0,6mol CO 2 , trong phn t X c hai nguyn t cacbon bc III. Cho X tac dng vi Cl2( t l 1 : 1mol) s dn xut monoclo ng phn ti a thu c l a 1 b 3 c 4 d 2 18/ Sn phm thu c ca chng ct du m phn on si <180 0C em chng ct p sut cao , ta tch c phn on C1-C2, C3-C4 , cc loi hp cht ny c s dng lm: a nhin liu kh hoc kh ha lng. b nhin liu lng nh xng, du. c sn xut du nhn. d nguyn liu. 19./ Khi hidro ankan C5H12 ta thu c hn hp 3 lfin ng phn. Cng thc cu to ca ankan l: a CH3C(CH3)2-CH3. b CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 c CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3. d b v c ng. 20./ Cht c nhit si cao nht l : a butan. b neopentan. c pentan. d isopentan
BAI TAP VE ANEHIT XETON (CHUI PHN NG)

BAI TAP VE ANKAIEN (CHUI PHN NG)
BAI TAP VE ANKIN (CHUI PHN NG)
CHUYN : HIROCACBON THM I. PHN T LUN Bi 1: Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ng phn hirocacbon thm c cng thc phn t C8H10; C9H12. Bi 2: Vit cng thc cu to cc hirocacbon c cng thc cu to sau: a, 3-etyl-1-isopropylbenzen b, 1,2-ibenzyleten c, 2-phenylbutan d, iphenylmetan Bi 3: Vit cc phng trnh ho hc xy ra khi cho isopropylbenzen ln lt tc dng vi cc cht sau: a, Br2/nh sng b, Br2/Fe 0 c, H2/Ni, t d, dung dch KMnO4, to. Bi 4: Vit phng trnh ho hc (nu c) khi cho stiren ln lt tc dng vi cc cht sau: dung dch brom, dung dch KMnO4 long, m c un nng, H2(xc tc Pb 250C), ng trng hp vi butaien. Bi 5: T axetilen vit phung trnh ho hc iu ch stiren. Bi 6: Cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C 9H8. A c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br2, tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 v tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4 un nng c axit benzoic. Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn A. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho. Bi 7: T toluen vit phng trnh ho hc to thnh: a, metylxiclohexan b, axit m-nitrobenzoic c, axit- nitrobenzoic Bi 8: Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng: a, Isopropylbenzen + Br2/Fe b, Propylbenzen + KMnO4 Bi 9: Bng phng php ho hc hy phn bit cc cht lng : stiren, phenylaxetilen, toluen, bezen Bi 10: Cho 3 cht : benzen, toluen v stiren a, Nu cch nhn ra cc l mt nhn ng tng cht ring bit. b, tinh ch benzen c ln mt lng nh toluen v stiren. C, Tch stiren ra khi hn hp vi toluen v benzen.

Bi 11: t chy hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp 2 hidrocacbon ng dng lien tip X v Y thu c 4,928 lt CO2 (ktc). Hi ca 7,25 gam hn hp ny chim th tch ca 2,4 gam kh oxi (o cng iu kin to, p) A, Xc nh cng thc phn t v % khi lng tng cht trong hn hp. B, Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc cht c th c. Bit X khng lm mt mu nc Brom C, Xc nh cng thc cu to ng ca Y, bit khi Y tc dng vi dd KMnO 4 un nng thu c axit benzoic. D, T benzen vit phng trnh ho hc iu ch Y theo 2 cch. Cho bit cch no thun li hn. Bi 12(7.1) Hirocacbon X tc dng vi nc brom d to thnh dn xut tetrabrom cha 75,8% brom v khi lng. Cn khi cng vi brom theo t l mol 1:1 th thu c mt cp ng phn cis-trans. 1. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca X 2. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng khi cho X tc dng vi : a. Dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4 long. b. Hirat ho trong mi trng H2SO4 lang. Bi 13(7.2): A, B l hai hirocacbon c cng CTPT . t chy hon ton mt t cht A thu c CO 2 v hi H2O theo t l th tch l 5:2. Cho m gam cht A bay hi th thu c mt th tich hi bng th tch ca m gam kh O2(o cng iu kin). Xc inh CTCT ca A v B bit A tc dng vi dung dch brom theo t l 1:3, B khng tc dng vi dung dch brom. Bi 14(7.4): C mt hp cht hu c A ch cha hai nguyn t, A c phn t khi 150< M A< 170. t chy hon ton m gam A sinh ra m gam H 2O. A khng lm mt mu nc brom cng khng tc dng vi brom khi c mt bt st, nhng li phn ng vi brom khi chiu sngto thnh mt dn xut monobrom duy nht. un nng A vi mt lng d dung dch KMnO4, ri axit ho bng axit HCl. a. Xc nh cng thc n gin nht v cng thc phn t ca A b. Xc inh cng thc cu to ca A, vit cc phng trnh phn ng c. Nu phng php iu ch A xut pht te kh thin nhin v cc cht v c cn thit. Bi 15 (7.6): t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon A, t l mol ca CO 2 v H2O to thnh sau phn ng l 9:4. Khi ho hi 116 gam A th th tch hi chim 22,4 lit nu quy v iu kin tiu chun. Mt khc A tc dng vi dung dch Brom theo t l 1: 2 v s mol, to kt ta khi tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 v khi oxi ho A bng dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4 long th to c axit thm cha 26,23% oxi v khi lng. Tm CTPT, CTCT. Vt phng trnh phn ng Bi 16(7.8): t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp gm ba hirocacbon ng phn A, B, C khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Hp th ton b sn phm vo 575 ml dung dch Ca(OH) 2 2M, thu c kt ta v khi lng dung dch tng thm 50,8 gam, cho Ba(OH) 2 d vo dung dch thu c, kt ta li tng thm , tng khi lng kt ta ca hai ln l 243,05 gam. a. Xc nh CTPT ca ba hirocacbon b. Xc nh CTCT ca A, B, C bit: - Khi un nng vi dung dch KMnO4 d trong H2SO4 long A v B cho cng sn phm C9H6O6; C cho sn phm C8H6O4. - KHi un nng vi brom c mt bt st A ch cho mt sn phm monobrom. Cn B, C mi cht cho hai sn phm monobrom. c. Vit phng trnh phn ng cu b II. PHN TRC NGHIM Cu1: t chy hon ton hirocacbon X ngi ta thu c CO 2 v H2O theo ti l m CO2 :m H2 O = 22 : 4,5 . Bit X khng lm mt mu nc brom. X l hirocacbon no trong s cc hrocacbon di y ? A. C2H2 B. C6H14 C. C6H6 D. C6H5CH3 Cu 2: Hirocacbon X c cng thc phn t C8H10 khng lm mt mu dung dch brom . Khi un nng X vi dung dch thuc tm to thnh C7H5KO2(N). Cho N tc dng vi dung dch HCl to thnh hp cht C 7H6O2. X c tn gi no sau y? A.1,2-imetylbezen B.1,3-imetylbezen C.1,4-imetylbezen D. etylbenzen

Cu 3: Cho 15,6 g C6H6 tc dng ht vi Cl2 (xc tc bt st). Nu hiu sut ca phn ng l 80% th khi lng clobenzen thu c l bao nhiu? A. 18g B. 19g C. 20g D. 21g Cu 4: Khi cho clo tc dng vi 78 gam benzen (bt st lm xc tc) ngi ta thu c 78 gam clobenzen. Hiu sut ca phn ng l: A. 69,33% B. 71% C. 72,33% D. 79,33% Cu 5: Khi phn tch nguyn t ca hirocacbon Y cho kt qu 9,44%H; 90,56% C . Y ch tc dng vi brom theo t l mol 1: 1 un nng c bt st lm xc tc. Y c CTPT l: A.C8H8 B. C8H10 C. C9H12 D. C6H6 Cu 6: Stiren ( a) CnH2n-6
CH CH2
) c cng thc tng qut l: c) CnH2n-10 d) CnH2n-6-2k
b) CnH2n-8
Cu 7: Naptalen ( a) C10H6
) c cng thc phn t l: b) C10H10 c) C10H12 d) Tt c u khng ng
Cu 8: Vi cng thc phn t C9H12, s ng phn thm c th c l: a) 8 b) 9 c) 10 d) 7
Cu 10:Cho hn hp A gm cc hi v kh: 0,1 mol Benzen; 0,2 mol Toluen; 0,3 mol Stiren v 1,4 mol Hiro vo mt bnh kn, c cht xc tc Ni. un nng bnh kn mt thi gian, thu c hn hp B gm cc cht: Xiclohexan, Metyl xiclohexan, Etyl xiclohexan, Benzen, Toluen, Etyl benzen v Hiro. t chy hon ton lng hn hp B trn, ri cho hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi c d, hp th ht sn phm chy. tng khi lng bnh ng nc vi l: a) 240,8 gam b) 260,2 gam c) 193,6 gam d) Khng d kin tnh .
Cu 11: Cho 6,9 gam mt ankylbenzen X phn ng vi brom (xc tc Fe) thu c 10,26 gam hn ho 2 dn xut monobrom. Bt mi dn xut monobrom u cha 46,784% brom trong phn t. a. X, Y l: A. toluen; p-brmtoluen v m-bromtoluen B.toluen; p-brmtoluen v o-bromtoluen C. Etylbenzen; p-brometyletylbenzen v m-bromtoluen D.Etylbenzen; p-brometyletylbenzen v obromtoluen b. Hiu sut chung ca qu trnh brom ho l: A.60% B.70% C.80% D.85% Cu 12: Hiro ho 49gam hn hp A gm benzen v naphtalenbng H 2(xc tc thch hp ) thu c 39,72 gam hn hp sn phm B gm xiclohexan v calin a. Thnh phn % khi lng ca xiclohexan trong B (ga thit hiu sut hiro ho benzen v naphtalen ln lt bng 70%, 80%) l: A. 29,6% B. 33,84% C. 44,41% D. 50,76% b. Th tch H2 phn ng (ktc): A. 11,2 lt B. 32,032 lt C. 34,048 lt D. 42,56 lt Cu 13: hiro ho etylbenzen thu c stiren vi hiu sut l 60%. hiro ho butan thu c butaien vi hiu sut l 45%. Trng hp butaien v stiren thu c sn phm A c tnh n hi rt cao vi hiu sut 75%. iu ch c 500kg sn phm A cn khi lng butan v etylbezen l bao nhiu kg? A. 544 v 745 B.754 v 544 C. 335,44 v 183,54 D. 183,54 v 335,44 Cu 14: t chy hon ton 26,5 gam mt ankylbezen X cn 29,4 lt khng kh (ktc). Oxi ho X thu c axit benzoic. Gi thit khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit. X l: A. toluen B. o-metyltoluen C. eylbenzen D. o-etyltoluen

Cu 15: hiro ho 13,25 gam etylbenzen thu oc 10,4 gam stiren, trng hp lng stiren ny thu c hn ho A gm polistiren vaf stiren d. Lng A tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch Brom 03M. a. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l: A. 75% B. 80% C. 85% D. 90% b. Hi sut ca phn ng trng hp l: A. 60% B70% C. 75% D. 85% c. Khi lng stiren thu oc l: A. 6,825 gam B. 7,28 gam C. 8,16 gam D. 9,36 gam d. Bit khi lng mol trung bnh ca politiren bng 31200 gam. H s trng hp ca polistiren l : A. 2575 B. 2750 C. 3000 D. 3500 BAI TAP VE PHENOL
Bi tp v lp cng thc phn t HCHC

Bi 1: t chy hon ton 10,4 gam cht hu c A ri cho sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c v bnh 2 ng Ca(OH) 2 d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 3,6 gam v bnh 2 thu c 30 gam kt ta . Khi lm ho hi 5,2 gam A thu c 1 th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6 gam O2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut . Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C3H4O4 B. C3H6O2 C. C2H6O D. C3H4O2 Bi 2 : Oxihoa hon ton 0,9 gam 1 cht hu c A cha (C, H ,O ) .Hn hp sn phm cho i qua bnh ng H2SO4 c , khi lung bnh tng 0,54gam v qua bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th c 3 gam kt ta .Bit 1 lt hi A 273 0c ; 4,48 atm c khi lng 9 gam. Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C3H6O2 B. C3H6O3 C. C3H6O D.CH2O Bi 3: t chy 0,2 mol mt hp cht hu c A cn 0,5 mol O 2 .Sn phm chy qua bnh 1 ng P2O5 d th khi lng tng 3,6 gam ri cho qua bnh 2 ng Ca(OH) 2 d c 40 gam kt ta , khi qua khi bnh 2 khng c kh thot ra . Cng thc phn t ccca A l : A. C2H4 B. C2H6 C. C2H2 D. C3H6 Bi 4:t chy hon ton a gam cht hirocacbon A , sn phm chy cho qua bnh Ca(OH)2 ngi ta thu c 3 gam kt ta ng thi bnh nng thm 1,68 gam . 1. Gi tr ca A l : A. 0,8 gam B. 0,6 gam C. 0,4 gam D. 0,2 gam 2. Cng thc phn t ca A l ( CTPT trung voi CTDGN ) A. C6H6 B. C3H6 C. C3H8 D. C3H4 Bi 5: Oxihoa hon ton 0,42 gam cht hu c X ch thu c CO2 v H2O m khi dn ton b sn phm chy qua bnh Ca(OH)2 d th khi lng bnh tng 1,86 gam ng

thi xut hin 3 gam kt ta . Mt khc khi ho hi 1 lng cht X ngi ta thu c 1 th tch bng 2/5 th tch ca kh N 2 c khi lng tng ng trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut . Cng thc phn t ca X l : A. C5H10 B. C5H8 C. C5H12 D C5H6 Bi 6 : Hp cht X cha C, H , O . Nu t chy hon ton 4,5 gam X sau cho ton b sn phm i vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 th thu c 5 gam kt ta v 200 ml dung dch mui c nng 0,25 M . Dung dch ny c khi lng ln hn khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2 dng l 4,3 gam . Cng thc n gin nht l: A. C H2O B. C2H3O C. C2H4O D. C3H6O Bi 7 : t chy hon ton cht hu c A cn va 6,72 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c 13,2 gam CO2 v 5,4 gam H2O , t khi hi ca A so vi He l 7,5 . CTPT ca A l : A. C2H4O2 B. CH2O C. C3H6O3 D. C4H8O4 Bi 8 t chy hon ton 1 lng cht hu c A cn 0,8 gam O2 ngi ta thu c 1,1 gam CO2 v 0,45 gam H2O v khng c sn phm khc . Khi ho hi 6 gam A th th tch ng bng th tch ca 3,2 gam O2 o cng iu kin nhit v p sut . Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C2H4O2 B. C3H4O2 C. C2H6O D. C3H6O2 Bi 9: Hp cht hu c A ch cha C, H, O . t chy hon ton 3,7 gam A cn 3,92 gam lt O2 (ktc) , sau phn ng thu c CO2 v hi H2O c th tch bng nhau . Bt cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht . CTPT ca A l : A. C3H6O3 B. C2H6O C. C3H6O D. C3H6O2 Bi 10 : t chy hon ton 1,8 gam hp cht hu c A cha C, H , O cn dng 1,344 lt O2 (ktc) , sau phn ng thu c CO2 v hi H2O c t l th tch l 1:1 . Bit t khi hi ca A so vi H2 l 45 . Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C3H6O3 B. C2H4O2 C. C3H8O2 D. C4H6O2 Bi 11: t chy hon ton 0,01 molcht hu c A cn 1,28 gam O 2 . Sau phn ng thu c 1,68 lt hn hp kh B ( 136,5 0c ; 1 atm ) gm CO 2 v hi H2O . T khi hi ca B so vi N2 l 1,2 . Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C3H6 B. C2H6 C. C3H8 D. C3H4 Bi 12 : t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hp cht hu c A (C ,H ,O ) cn va 0,3 mol O2 . Hn hp kh sinh ra c th tch 26,88 lt ( 273 0 C ; 1 atm ) v c khi lng 18,6 gam . Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C3H6O2 B. C2H4O2 C. C3H6O3 D. C4H6O Bi 13: Khi phn tch cht hu c A ( C, H, O ) thy tng khi lng 2 nguyn t C, H l 0,46 gam . Nu t chy hon ton a gam cht A cn va 0,896 lt O 2 (ktc) . Sau phn ng chy thu c 1,9 gam tng khi lng hn hp cc sn phm . 1. Gi tr ca A l : A. 0,60 gam B. 0,61 gam C. 0,62 gam D. 0,63 gam 2. Cng thc n gin nht ca A l : A. C7H8O B. C7H10O C. C6H6O D. C8H10O Bi 14: t chy hon ton 1,12 gam cht hu c A ri cho sn phm ng hp th vo trong dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lung bnh tng 3,36 gam . Bit n CO2= 1,5. n H2O . d A/ H2 < 30 . Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C3H4O B. C3H6O2 C. C3H8O2 D. C3H8O2 Bi15 : t chy hon ton 18 gam cht hu c A cn lng va l 16,8 lt O2(ktc) . Hn hp sn phm chy gm CO2 v hi H2O vi t l th tch CO2 v H2O l 3:2 . Bit d A/ H2 =36 . Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C2H4O2 B. C3H4O2 C. C3 H6O D. C5H12

Bi 16: t chy ht 1,88 gam cht hu c A cn va 1,904 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c CO2 v H2O vi t l th tch l 4:3 . Bit MA < 200 . Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C7H10O5 B. C8H12O5 C. C8H10O5 D. C7H12O6 Bi 17: t chy hon ton 2,64 gam cht hu c A cn va 4,704 lt O 2(ktc) .Sau phn ng thu c CO2 v hi H2O vi t l khi lng l 11/ 2 . Bit MA < 150 . CTPT ca A l : A. C9H8O B . C9H10O2 C. C8H10O D. C7H8O Bi 18: Cht hu c A cha C, H, O c t l khi lng mC : mO = 3:2 v khi t chy ht A thu c CO2 v hi H2O theo t l th tch l 4: 3 . Bit d A/He = 21,5 .Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C4H8O2 B. C4H6O2 C. C4H10O D. C4H8O Bi 19 : t chy hon ton 1.,48 gam cht hu c A dng 2,016 lt O 2(ktc) th thu c hn hp kh c V (CO2 ) =3 .V(O2) . v m CO2 =2,444 m H2O .Bit khi ho hi 1,85 gam A chim th tch =th tch 0,8 gam O2 o cng iu kin nhit v p sut . Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C3H6O B. C3H6O2 C. C3H8O3 D. C3H4O2 Bi 20: t chy hon ton a gam cht hu c A thu c x gam CO2 v y gam H2O . Bit x=22a/15 v y =3a/5 . Bit 3,6 gam A(hi) c V= V(1,76 gamO 2) o cng iu kin nhit v p sut .Cng thc phn t ca A l A . C3H6O3 B. C3H6O C. C3H6O2 D. C3H8O Bi21: Mt hp cht hu c A c d A/kk = 2,07 . Khi t chy hon ton A th cn n O2=9 .n O2(A) v thu c CO2v H2O c t l khi lng tng ng l 11 : 6 . Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C3H8O B. C4H10O C. C3H6O2 D. C3H8O2 Bi 22: t chy 5,15 gam cht hu c A cn va 5,88 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c 4,05 gam H2O v 5,04 lt hh (CO2v N2) o ktc .Bit dA/H2=51,5. CTPT ca Al : A. C3H7O2N B. C4H8O2N C. C4H9O2N D. C4H7O2N Bi 23 : t chy hon ton 3,61 gam X thu c hn hp kh CO2 ; H2O ; HCl . Dn hn hp ny qua bnh cha dung dch AgNO 3 d nhit thp c 2,87 gam kt ta v bnh c khi lng tng 2,17 gam .Dn kh thot ra cho vo 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)21M thu c 15,76 gam kt ta Y. Lc b kt ta Y un dd li c kt ta . Bit MA< 200 . Cng thc phn t ca X l : A. C6H8O4Cl B. C6H9O4Cl C. C6H9O4Cl2 D. C6H9O2Cl Bi 24: t chy 7,3 gam 1 cht hu c A thu uc CO 2 v H2O . Cho sn phm chy qua bnh 1 ng P2O5 ri qua bnh 2 ng 5 lt Ca(OH)20,04M .th khi lng bnh 1tng 4,5 gamv bnh 2c 10 gam kt ta . Bit d A/He = 36,5 . CTPT ca A l : A. C6H8O2 B. C6H10O C. C6H10O4 D. C6H12O6 Bi 25 : t chy 1,5 gam cht hu c A thu c 1,76 gam CO2 v 0,9 gam H2O v 112 ml N2( 00c ; 2 atm) . Nu ho hi 1,5 gam A 127 0c ; 1,64 atm th c V= 0,4 lt .Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C2H5O2N B. C2H7O2N C. C3H7O2N D. C3H7O2N2 Bi 26 : t chy 5,8 gam A thu c 2,65 gam Na2CO3 v 2,25 gam H2O v 12,1 gam CO2 .Bit A c 1 nguyn t oxi . Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C6H8ONa B. C6H5ONa C. C7H8ONa D. C7H6ONa Bi 27: t chy 3,915 gam cht hu c A thu c 3,3 gam CO2 v 1,08 gam H2O v 1,59 gam Na2CO3 . Khi phn tch 2,61 gam A c mt AgNO 3 thu c 2,87 gam AgCl . Bit A c 1 nguyn t Clo trong phn t . Cng thc phn t ca A l : A. C2H4O2NaCl B. C3H6O2NaCl C. C3H4O2NaCl D. C4H6O2NaCl
TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA) HIDROCACBON NO
1. Ankan Y c cng thc phn t l C6H14. a/ Vit CTCT, gi tn cc ng phn ca Y. b/ S ng phn dn xut monoclo thu c khi thc hin phn ng th halogen vo Y l 2. Xc nh CTCT ca Y. 2. Khi t chy mt hidrocacbon, t l s mol CO2 v nc l 0,8. Xc nh CTPT ca hidrocacbon 3. Tm CTPT ca ankan trong mi trng hp sau: a. Khi lng ring ca ankan 30oC v 75 mmHg l 2,308 g/lit b. T khi hi so vi oxi l 2,25 c. %H=16,28 d. t chy 3g ankan thu c 5,4 g nc Vit CTCT, gi tn cc ankan ng phn ng vi cc CTPT tm c mi trng hp S. A. C4H10 b. C5H12 c. C6H14 d. C3H8 4. Ankan Y c hm lng cacbon l 84,21%. Y phn ng vi Cl 2 ( 1:1) trong nh sng ch cho mt dn xut monoclo duy nht. Cng thc cu to v tn gi ca Y ? 5. Ankan X th kh, X tc dng vi Cl 2 theo t l mol 1 : 1, c chiu sng thu c dn xut clo Y cha 70,3% clo theo khi lng. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca X v Y 6. Ankan X khi t chy trong oxi nguyn cht thy th tch cc kh v hi sinh ra bng th tch cc kh tham gia phn ng (cc th tch o cng iu kin). Xc nh CTPT ca X 7. Xc nh CTPT ca ankan trong mi trng hp sau: a. t chy hon ton ankan vi mt lng oxi va , tng th tch cc sn phm bng 7/6 tng th tch cc cht tham gia ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut) b. Khi clo ha ankan thu c mt dn xut monoclo cha 33,33% clo v khi lng. c. t chy hon ton ankan vi mt oxi va to thnh mt hn hp sn phm c t khi hi so vi N2 l 19/18 d. t chy hon ton 3,25g mt ankan, sn phm chy qua 11,5 lt dung dch Ca(OH) 2 0,02M c 22 gam kt ta. S: a. C3H8 b. C5H12 c. C4H10 d. CH4 hoc C3H8
8.
Khi t chy ankan, t l f =
nCO2 nH 2O
c gi tr trong khong no?
9. t chy hon ton 1,44g cht hu c A thu c 2,24 lit kh CO 2 (kc) v 2,16g nc. T khi hi ca A vi Hidro l 36 a/ Xc nh CTPT, CTCT c th c ca A ng vi cc ng phn b/ A l ng phn no khi A tc dng vi Clo (chiu sng) theo t l mol 1:1 to 4 sn phm th 10. t chy 2 lt mt ankan A (th kh) to sn phm c 8 lt CO 2 (cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut) a/ Xc nh CTPT, CTCT c th c ca A b/ A l ng phn no bit khi Clo ha (iu kin chiu sng) theo t l mol 1:1 to 2 dn xut mono clo. c/ t chy hon ton 5,8g A, sn phm chy hp th ht vo 200ml dd NaOH 3M hi to mui g? Khi lng bao nhiu? 11. t chy hon ton a mol hn hp gm 2 ankan lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng cn 1,18mol oxi, thu c 0,72 mol CO2. Xc nh CTPT 2 ankan

12. t chy hon ton 3,36 lt (kc) hn hp 2 ankan lin tip thu c 4,48 lt CO 2 (kc). Xc nh CTPT hai ankan 13. t chy hon ton 1,12 lt (kc) hn hp 2 ankan lin tip nhau thu c 4,14g nc. a) Xc nh CTPT hai ankan b) Dn sn phm chy qua dung dch nc vi trong d thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta? 14. t chy hon ton 1,46g hn hp X gm hai ankan ng ng k tip nhau thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (kc). Tm CTPT ca ankan v th tch oxi cn dng. 15. Mt hn hp X th kh gm 2 hidocacbon lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy 1mol hn hp X cn 5,9 mol oxi v thu c 3,6 mol CO2. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon 16. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ankan lin tip, c t khi hi so vi hidro l 16,75. Tm CTPT v % th tch mi ankan. (S: C2H6 75% v C3H8 25%) 17. Hn hp X gm 2 ankan l ng ng k tip nhau c khi lng 20,6g v c th tch bng th tch ca 14g kh nit (o cng iu kin nhit , p sut) a/ Xc nh CTPT, gi tn 2 ankan b/ Tnh % th tch 2 ankan trong hn hp 18. t chy m gam ankan, ton b sn phm hi chy qua bnh cha dung dch Ca(OH) 2, bnh tng ln 32,8 gam v c 30g kt ta xut hin. un nng phn nc lc thy xut hin thm 10g kt ta na. Tnh m v xc nh CTPT ca ankan (S: C5H12; m=7,2g) 19. t chy a gam ankan, ton b sn phm chy dn qua nc vi trong d thu c 30g kt ta. Lng nc vi cn li (sau khi tch kt ta) nh hn lng nc vi ban u l 8,7g. Tm CTPT ca ankan 20. t chy ht 1,152 g mt hidrocacbon mch h ri cho sn phm vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 thu c 3,94 g kt ta v dung dch B. un nng dung dch B li thy kt ta xut hin, lc ly kt ta ln 2 em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 4,59 g cht rn. Xc nh cng thc ca hidrocacbon? 21. t chy ht V lt C4H10 (kc), cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo 200ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 1M thu c 19,7 gam kt ta. Xc nh gi tr ca V 22. t chy hon ton hn hp kh gm hai hidrocacbon cng dy ng ng k tip nhau. Cho ton b sn phm chy li chm qua bnh (1) cha dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d v bnh (2) cha H2SO4 m c d mc ni tip. Kt qu khi lng bnh (1) tng 6,12g v bnh (2) tng thm 0,62 g. Trong bnh (1) thu c 19,7g kt ta. Xc nh cng thc phn t hai hidrocacbon. 23. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hai hidrocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi d thu c 25 g kt ta v khi lng dung dch nc vi gim 7,7g. Xc nh cng thc phn t hai hidrocacbon 24. t chy 0,672 lt (kc) hn hp X gm 2 ankan, hi chy cho vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d th khi lng dung dch thu c gim 0,98g so vi dd nc vi ban u. a. Tnh th tch oxi cn (kc) t chy X v t khi hi ca X so vi hidro b. Tm CTPT hai ankan, bit ankan c khi lng phn t nh chim th tch gp 2 ln ankan cn li. S: a/ 1,69 lit v d=10,33 b/ CH4 v C2H6 25. Mt hn hp gm etan v propan. Ly 30cm 3 hn hp ny trn vi oxi d ri em t chy. Sau khi lm lnh thu c hn hp kh gm CO 2 v O2 c t khi hi so vi H2 l 20. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp u. S: C2H6 60%, C3H8 40%

26. t chy hon ton 4,12 gam hn hp hai ankan cn 52,64 lt khng kh (kc) (khng kh gm 80% N2 v 20% O2 v th tch) a. Tnh khi lng CO2 v nc sinh ra b. Tm CTPT v % th tch mi ankan, bit chng c s C gp i nhau c. Nu cho ton b CO2 v nc thu c qua 100 g dd NaOH 14,4% th nng phn trm cc cht trong dung dch thu c l bao nhiu? S: b/ C2H6 60%, C4H10 40% c/ Na2CO3 7,12% v NaHCO3 14,1% 27. Crackinh 560 lit butan (kc) thu c hn hp X c th tch 1010 lt (ktc) gm cc kh CH 4, C3H6, C2H6, C2H4, H2 v C4H10. Tnh th tch C4H10 cha tham gia phn ng v hiu sut phn ng crackinh. 28. Mt hn hp 2 ankan l ng ng k tip c khi lng 10,2g. t chy hon ton lng hn hp ni trn cn 36,8g oxi. Xc nh CTPT, % th tch ca mi ankan trong hn hp u? 29. t chy hon ton 0,7 mol mt hn hp kh gm 2 hidrocacbon thuc cng mt dy ng ng c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 .v.C thu c CO 2 v H2O theo t l s mol tng ng l 24:31. a/ Tnh khi lng CO2, H2O thu c b/ Xc nh CTPT hai hidrocacbon v phn trm th tch mi cht trong hn hp u. 30. Hn hp X gm 2 ankan, phn t khi hn km nhau 28 vC. t chy ht 1,76 gam hn hp cn va 2,24 lt kh oxi (0 oC v 2atm). Xc nh 2 ankan, th tch hn hp kh ban u(kc), % th tch mi ankan 31. Hn hp kh gm etan v propan c t khi so vi hidro l 20,25 c nung trong bnh vi cht xc tc thc hin p/ dehidro ha. Sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh c t khi so vi hidro l 16,2 gm c cc ankan, anken v hidro. Tnh hiu sut ca p/ dehidro ha bit rng tc p/ ca etan v propan l nh nhau? 32. Mt hh X gm etan v propan c t khi so vi etan bng 1.35. Thc hin p tch 1 phn t H 2 vi hh X trn thu c hh Y c t khi so vi H2 l 13,5. Cho bit hiu sut tch H2 ca cc phn ng l bng nhau. Tnh hiu sut ny. 33. iu kin tiu chun c 1 hn hp kh gm 2 hidrocacbon no A v B, t khi hi ca hn hp i vi H2 l 12. a/ Tnh khi lng CO2 v hi H2O sinh ra khi t chy 15,68 lit hn hp ( kc). b/ Cng thc phn t ca A v B ? 34. Cho hn hp 2 ankan A v B th kh, c t l s mol trong hn hp: n A : nB = 1 : 4. Khi lng phn t trung bnh l 52,4. Xc nh CTPT ca hai ankan A v B 35. t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X ri dn ton b sn phm vo bnh ng nc vi trong thy khi lng bnh tng thm 2,624g. Lc thu c 2 gam kt ta v dung dch Y, un si dung dch Y cho n phn ng hon ton thu c 1 g kt ta na. Cng lng cht X trn phn ng vi clo chiu sng thu c hn hp Z gm 4 dn xut mono. Tn gi X l: a. 3-metylpentan b. 2,2-imetylpropan c. 2,3-imetylbupan d.2-metylbutan HIROCACBON KHNG NO 1. C 3 ng phn anken. Thc nghim cho thy rng 7g mi cht lm mt mu dung dch brom c cha 16g brom a/ Xc nh CTPT 3 ng phn c/ Vit CTCT, gi tn. Bit 3 ng phn khi tc dng vi H2 (xt Ni, toC) cho sn phm 2-metylpentan

2. A l mt anken c mch C phn nhnh + m gam cht A tc dng ht vi dung dch brom to 32,4g dn xut brom ca A + m gam cht A tc dng va vi 3,694 lt H2 27,3oC, p sut 1atm (xt Ni) a/ Tnh th tch anken A (kc) ng vi m gam b/ Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v gi tn A 3. Hn hp X gm 2 anken A v B; khi lng mol ca B ln hn ca A l 14g. Khi ly 7,388 lt X 27,3oC, 1atm cho tc dng ht vi dung dch brom thy khi lng bnh brom tng 14,7g. Xc nh CTPT ca A, B v % th tch mi cht trong hn hp u. 4. Hn hp X gm 2 anken khi lng phn t hn km nahu 14 vC. Cho 8,96 27,3oC, 1atm lt (kc) hn hp X i qua bnh ng dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh brom tng 14g. Xc nh CTPT v % th tch mi cht trong hn hp u 5. Cho 4,48 lt hn hp 2 hidrocacbon kh, mch h qua dung dch brom d, lng brom phn ng l 8gam v thy thot ra 3,36 lt kh (kc). Xc nh CTCT hai hidrocacbon bit hn hp 2 hidrocacbon c t khi hi so vi hidro bng 21,75 6. Dng 160 lt ru etylic 96o (khi lng ring ca ru etylic nguyn cht l 0,8g/ml) iu ch butadien (hiu sut phn ng 90% Tnh lng butadien iu ch c Bit ru etylic 96o c ngha l 100 ml dung dch ru c 96ml ru tinh khit 7. Nhit phn 4,48 dm3 (kc) kh metan nhit 1500oC thu c hn hp X trong ankin to thnh chim 18,75% th tch a/ Tnh hiu sut phn ng nhit phn b/ Hn hp X cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d hi to bao nhiu gam kt ta? 8. Cho m gam canxi cacbua k thut tc dng vi nc d to thnh 13,44 lt kh (kc) a/ Tnh m bit canxi cacbua k thut cha 80% CaC2 b/ Tnh th tch khng kh (kc) cn t chy ht lng kh trn bit oxi chim 20% th tch khng kh. 9. Hn hp hai ankin ng ng k tip nhau c t khi i vi hidro l 2,75. Xc nh CTPT v % th tich mi ankin trong hn hp u 10. dn 17,4 g hn hp kh x gm propin v but-2-in li tht chm qua bnh ng dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thy c 44,1g kt ta xut hin. Xc nh% th tch cc kh trong hn hp u. 11. Trong mt bnh kn chu nhit cha hidrocacbon kh X v H2, xc tc Ni. Nung nng bnh, phn ng xy ra hon ton trong bnh ch cn hidrocacbon Y duy nht. t chy Y, sn phm chy c hp th ht bng cch cho t t qua bnh ng CaCl2 d khan ri qua bnh ng dd KOH d, khi lng bnh CaCl2 tng 13,2g, bnh KOH tng 8,1g Xc nh CTPT ca X, Y; bit dY/X=15/13 12. t chy hon ton CxHy (A) cn dng 5,376 lit O2 ktc. Ly ton b sn phm chy cho qua bnh 1 cha H2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha Ca(OH)2 d th thy bnh 1 tng ln 4,32 gam cn ti bnh 2 thu c m gam kt ta. a. Tnh m. b. Xc nh dy ng ng ca A. c. Tm CTPT ca A. 13. t chy hon ton mt CxHy thu c 11,2 lit CO2 v 10,8 gam H2O. a. Tm CTPT ca A. b. Khi cho A tc dng vi Br2 theo t l 1:1 1000C thu c 4 dn xut cha mt nguyn t Br trong phn t. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn A.

14. t chy hon ton 0,06 mol 2 hidrocacbon no, mch h ng ng k tip nhau. Ly ton b sn phm cho qua bnh 1 cha P2O5 d v bnh 2 cha dd Ba(OH)2 d th bnh mt tng ln 3,42 gam v ti bnh 2 thu c m gam kt ta. a. Tnh m gam. b. Tm CTPT v tnh % th tch ca hai hidrocacbon. 15. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol CxHy. Ly sn phm cho vo bnh cha 400ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,5M thu c 10 gam kt ta, ng thi bnh dung dch tng ln 18,6 gam. Xc nh CTPT ca CxHy. 16. Mt hn hp A gm 2 hidrocacbon th kh k bnh thng, c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 n v. t chy hon ton A, ly sn phm cho vo bnh dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 30 gam kt ta v bnh dung dch tng ln 22,2 gam. a. Xc nh CTPT hai hidrocacbon. b. Tnh thnh phn % v th tch ca hai hidrocacbon. 17. t chy hon ton 3,696 lt (27,30C v 1atm) hh X gm CO v CxHy (A) cn 16,8 gam O2. Ly sn phm cho qua bnh 1 cha P2O5 v bnh 2 cha dd Ba(OH)2 d th thy bnh 1 tng ln 7,2 gam v ti bnh 2 thu c 68,95 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTPT ca A v tnh thnh phn % th tch cc cht trong A. 18. t chy hon ton a gam CxHy (A). Ly ton b sn phm cho vo 250 g dung dch Ca(OH) 2 1M th thu c 20,4 gam kt ta v thy khi lng dung dch sau phn ng bng khi lng dung dch trc phn ng. Tnh a v xc nh CTPT ca A. 19. t chy hon ton m gam C xHy (A). Ly ton b sn phm cho vo 250 gam dung dch Ca(OH) 2 8,88%. Sau phn ng thu c 20 gam kt ta v thy khi lng dung dch sau phn ng ln hn khi lng dung dch ban u l 6,6 gam. Tnh m gam v xc nh CTPT ca A. 20. Nung nng a gam CH4 1500oC v lm lnh nhanh thu c hn hp X gm 3 kh. t chy hon ton X thu c 14,4 gam H2O. a. Tnh a gam. b. Ly ton b lng hn hp X trn cho vo dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 36 gam kt ta. Tnh hiu sut ca phn ng nhit phn. 21. t chy hon ton 3,4 gam CxHy (A) thu c 11 gam CO2. Cho A phn ng vi H2 d nung nng thu c isopentan. a. Xc nh CTPT ca A. b. Ly 3,4 gam A phn ng vi AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c m gam kt ta. Xc nh CTCT ca A v tnh m. 22. t chy hon ton a gam ankin A thu c a gam H2O. a. Xc nh CTCT ca A bit rng A phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3. b. Gi B l ng phn mch h ca A. Trong B khng c 2 ni i lin nhau. B phn ng vi dd brom theo t l 1:1 th thu c 3 ng phn. Xc nh CTCT ca B v 3 ng phn. 23. Mt hn hp A gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h c tng th tch l 0,728 lt ktc. Cho A qua dung dch Brom d thy c 2 gam brom phn ng v c 0,02 mol kh thot ra. Nu t chy hon ton 0,728 lt A ri cho sn phm qua bnh 1 cha 50 gam dd H 2SO4 90% th thu c dung dch c nng a% v bnh 2 cha dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c 7,75 gam kt ta. a. Xc nh CTPT hai hidrocacbon. b. Tnh a%. 24. Cho 27,2 gam ankin A phn ng vi 1,4 gam H2, xc tc Ni, nung nng. Sau phn ng thu c hh B gm 1 ankan v 1 anken. Cho B qua dd brom d th thy c 16 gam brom phn ng.

a. Tm CTPT v CTCT ca A. b. Cho bit A phn ng c vi dd AgNO3/NH3. Xc nh CTCT ng ca A. 25. Mt hn hp A gm axetilen v hidro. Nung nng A vi xt Ni mt thi gian thu c hh B. Chia hh B lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 phn ng vi dd AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 1,2 gam kt ta. Phn 2 phn ng vi dd brom d th thy dd brom tng ln 0,41 gam. a. Tnh khi lng axetilen v etilen c trong hh B. b. Cho s mol hn hp A bng 0,8 mol v t khi ca A so vi H2 bng 4. Tnh s mol H2 c trong B. 26. t chy hon ton hidrocacbon A. Ly ton b sn phm cho vo 200 gam dd Ca(OH) 2 5,55% th thu c 10 gam kt ta, ng thi khi lng dd tng ln 6 gam. Xc nh CTPT ca A v tnh C % mui thu c sau phn ng. 27. t chy hon ton a gam hh X gm C 2H4 v CxHy (A) thu c 17,6 gam CO2 v 9 gam H2O. cng kk v nhit v p sut a gam hh X c th tch bng th tch ca 6,4 gam O 2. Xc nh CTPT ca A v tnh % th tch ca hh X. 28. Mt hh kh A gm 1 ankan v 1 ankin c em t chy hon ton thu c 12,6 gam H 2O v cn dng 36,8 gam O2. cng k v nhit v p sut th tch CO 2 sinh ra bng 8/3 th tch hh A. a. Tnh t khi ca A so vi H2. b. Xc nh CTPT c th c ca hai cht ban u. c. Ly 5,5 g hh A cho vo dd AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 14,7 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTCT ng ca 2 cht ban u. 29. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt (kc) hh X gm C3H8 v mt hidrocacbon khng no Y, mch h thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (kc) v 10,8g H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca Y. Tnh % th tch cc cht trong hh X. 30. Mt hh X gm 1 ankin A v 1 hidrocacbon mch h B c t l mol 1:2 c t khi so vi H 2 l 25,33. t chy hon ton 0,15 mol X ri ly sn phm cho vo dd Ca(OH) 2 d thu c 55g kt ta. a. Xc nh dy ng ng ca B. b. Cho bit A v B hn km nhau 1 nguyn t cacbon. Xc nh CTPT ca A v B. 31. t chy hon ton 2 hidrocacbon (c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 n v). Ly sn phm cho vo dd Ca(OH)2 d th thu c 30g kt ta v bnh dd tng ln 22,2g. Tm CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon. 32. Mt hh A gm C2H2, C2H4, CXHY (B). t chy hon ton A thu c CO 2 v H2O c th tch bng nhau. Ly V lt hh A (kc) cho vo dd brom d thy bnh dd brom tng ln 0,82g, t chy hon ton kh thot ra thu c 1,32g CO2 0,72g H2O. a. Xc nh dy ng ng ca B. b. Xc ng CTPT ca B, tnh % th tch cc cht trong A, tnh V lt. 33. Mt hh A gm C2H6, C2H4, C3H4. Ly 5,56g hh A cho vo dd AgNO 3/NH3 d thu 7,35g kt ta. mt khc cho 5,04 lt hh A (kc) cho vo dd brom d th thy c 28,8g brom p. Tnh % s mol cc cht trong A. 34. Mt hh A gm H2 v C2H2 c t khi so vi H2 l 5,8. a. Tnh % th tch cc cht kh trong A. b. Ly 1,792 lt hh A ktc cho qua Ni un nng, p hon ton, thu c hh X. Tnh t khi ca X so vi H2. 35. Oxi ha hon ton 10,6g cht h/c X to thnh 17,92 lt kh CO2 (kc) v 9g hi nc. X c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 53 v c phn ng th vi clo, xc tc bt Fe (toC). Xc nh tn X

36. Nhn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l mt nhn: benzen, toluen, stiren 37. Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ng phn hirocacbon thm c cng thc phn t C 8H10, C9H12. 38. Vit cng thc cu to cc hirocacbon c cng thc cu to sau: a, 3-etyl-1-isopropylbenzen b, 1,2-ibenzyleten c, 2-phenylbutan d, iphenylmetan 39. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc xy ra khi cho isopropylbenzen ln lt tc dng vi cc cht sau: a. Br2/nh sng b. Br2/Fe 0 c. H2/Ni, t d. dung dch KMnO4, to. 40. Vit phng trnh ho hc (nu c) khi cho stiren ln lt tc dng vi cc cht sau: dung dch brom, dung dch KMnO4 long, m c un nng, H 2(xc tc Pb 250C), ng trng hp vi butaien. 41. T axetilen vit phung trnh ho hc iu ch stiren. 42. Cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C 9H8. A c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br 2, tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 v tc dng vi dung dch KMnO 4 un nng c axit benzoic. Xc nh cng thc cu to v gi tn A. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc minh ho. 43. Bng phng php ho hc hy phn bit cc cht lng : stiren, phenylaxetilen, toluen, bezen 44. A, B l hai hirocacbon c cng CTPT . t chy hon ton mt t cht A thu c CO 2 v hi H2O theo t l th tch l 5:2. Cho m gam cht A bay hi th thu c mt th tich hi bng th tch ca m gam kh O2(o cng iu kin). Xc inh CTCT ca A v B bit A tc dng vi dung dch brom theo t l 1:3, B khng tc dng vi dung dch brom.
BI TP ANCOL
Cu 1 (HA 2007): Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol (n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng) tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l: A. C 3 H 5 OH v C 4 H 7 OH B. C 2 H 5 OH v C 3 H 7 OH C. C 3 H 7 OH v C 4 H 9 OH D. CH 3 OH v C 2 H 5 OH Cu 2 (HA 2008): Khi phn tch thnh phnmt ancol n chc X th thu c kt qu: tng khi lng ca cacbon v hiro gp 3,625 ln khi lng oxi. S ng phn ancol ca X l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 3(HA 2008): Khi tch H2O t 3-metyl butan 2- ol, sn phm chnh thu c l: A. 2- metyl but 3- en B. 2-metyl but-3-en C. 3- metyl but 2- en D. 3- metyl but 1- en Cu 4(HA 2009): Cho hn hp X gm 2 ancol a chc, mch h thuc cng dy ng ng. t chy hon ton X thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l s mol 3:4. Hai ancol l: A. C3H5(OH)3 v C4H7(OH)3 B. A. C2H5OH v C4H9OH C. C2H4(OH)2 v C4H8(OH)2 D. A. C2H4(OH)2 v C3H6(OH)2 Cu 4 (HA 2009): un nng hon hp hai ancol n chc, mch h vi H 2SO4 c, thu c hn hp cc ete. Ly 7,2 gam mt trong cc ete t chy hon ton thu c 8,96 lit kh CO2 ktc v 7,2 gam H2O. hai ancol l: A. C2H5OH v CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 - OH B. CH 3OH v CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 OH C. CH3OH v C3H7OH D. C2H5OH v CH3OH
TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA) Cu 5 (HA 2009): t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h cn va 19,92 gamlit kh O2 ktc. Mt khc, nu cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH) 2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l: A. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol B. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol C. 4,9 v v propan-1,3-iol D. 4,9 v glixerol Cu 6 (HB 2009): Hn hp X gm hai ancol no. n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Oxi ha hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp, thu c hn hp sn phmr hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi lng d AgNO3/NH3, thu c 5,4 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l: A. 8,1 B, 8,5 C. 13,5 D. 15,3
BI TP AXIT CACBOXYLIC
Cu 1(HA 2007): t chy hon ton a mol hu c Y c 2a mol CO 2. Mt khc, trung ho a mol Y cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l: A. HOOC- CH2 CH2 COOH B. C2H5COOH C. CH3 COOH D. HOOC COOH Cu 2(HA 2007): Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xt H2SO4 c), thu c m gam hn hp hai este (h = 80%). Gi tr ca m l: A. 10,12 B. 6,48 C. 8,10 D. 16,20 Cu 3(HA 2007): Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH3COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dung dch tng ng l x v y. Gi thit c 100 phn t CH 3COOH th c 1 phn t phn ly. Quan h gia x v y l: A. y = 100x B. y = 2x C. y = x 2 D. y = x + 2 Cu 4(HA 2008): Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi l: A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H6, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH. C. C2H6, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH. D. C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH. Cu 5(HA 2008): Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol, axit benzoic cn dng 600 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp cht rn c khi lng l: A. 4,9 gam B. 6,84 gam C. 8,64 gam D. 6,80 gam Cu 6(HA 2009): Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol X thu c 11,2 lit kh CO 2 (ktc). Nu trung ho 0,3 mol X cn dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l: A. HCOOH, HOOC COOH B. HCOOH, HOOC- CH2 COOH C. HCOOH, HOOC C2H5 - COOH D. HCOOH, CH3COOH
TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA) Cu 7(HB 2009): Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri qua phi l: A. CH3COOH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3CHO. B. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH. C. CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. D. HCOOH, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. Cu 8(HB 2009): Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH2 = CH COOH, CH3 COOH v CH2 = CH CHO phn ng va vi dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc trung ho 0,04 mol X cn dng va 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75 M. Khi lng ca CH2 = CH COOH trong X l: A. 0,56 gam B. 1,44 gam C. 0,72 gam D. 2,88 gam Cu 10(HB 2009): Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH 3COOH 0,1M v CH3COONa 0,1 M. Bit 250C Ka ca CH3COOH l 1,75.10-5 v b qua s phn ly ca nc. pH ca dung dch X 250C l: A. 1,00 B. 4,24 C. 2,88 D. 4,76 BI TP CHNG 5,6 (11)
Cu 1. Viet CTCT cua cac chat co ten goi sau: a/ 2-Brom-3-Clo-2-metylbutan b/ 1,1-diCloxiclohexan c/3-etyl-2-metylpent1-in Cu 2. Nhan biet cac chat kh trong cac lo mat nhan: a/ Etylen, axetylen, metan. b/ but-1-in, but-2-in, n-butan. c/ n-Butan, propen, axetilen, amoniac. d/but-1-in,buta-1,3-ien, xiclobutan. e/xiclopropan, propin, propan. Cu 3. C bao nhiu ng phn Ankin c CTPT C 5H8 tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d to kt ta vng. Cu 4. Propin c th tc dng vi cc cht no trong s cc cht : dung dch Br2 ; H2O ; AgNO3/NH3 ,Cu ; CaCO3. Cu 5. Vit cc ng phn v c tn cc ng phn ca cng thc phn t sau : C3H4 , C4H10 , C4H8 , C5H12 , C4H6 , C6H14, C6H12 , C5H10 . Cu 6. Hoan thanh s o phan ng: 1 2 3 a/ Metan axetylen etylen ancol etylic 11 10 4 5 6 benzen P.E 9 8 buta-1,3-dien 12 Vinylaxetylen n-butan n-butan 7 Bac axetylua polibuta-1,3-dien Cu 7. ot chay hoan toan 0,1 mol anken A .Dan toan bo san phm qua bnh ng nc voi trong co d thu c 40gam ket tua.A tac dung vi HCl tao ra 1 san pham duy nhat.Xac nh CTCT ung va goi ten A? Cu 8. ot chay hoan toan Hon hp X gom 2 hidrocacbon mach h ke tiep nhau trong cung day ong ang thu c 11.2 lit CO2 (kc)va 9 g nc. a/ Xac nh day ong ang cua hai hidrocacbon nay? b/ Biet the tch cua hon hp X ieu kien tieu chuan la 4.48 lit . *Tm cong thc phan t cua hai hidrocacbon ?

* Tnh phan tram ve khoi lng cua hai hidrocacbon ? Cu 9. Cho 6.72 lit hon hp kh gom 2 Olefin loi qua nc Brom d thay khoi lng bnh Brom tang 12,6g.Hay tm cong thc phan t 2 olefin roi suy ra phan tram the tch cua moi olefin trong hon hp? Cu 10. Hn hp A gm 2 ankan l ng ng lin tip .t chy 10,2 g A cn dng 36,8 g O2 . a. Tnh lng CO2 , H2O sinh ra ? b. Tm cng thc phn t 2 ankan ? Cu 11. Hn hp kh A gm etan v propan. t chy mt t hn hp A ta thu c kh CO 2 v hi nc theo t l th tch 11: 15. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca hn hp ? Cu 12. Cho 1,12g anken cng va vi Br2 ta thu c 4,32g sn phm cng. Tm cng thc ca anken ? Cu 13. Hn hp gm mt ankan v mt anken c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t v c cng s mol. Ly m gam hn hp ny lm mt mu va 80g dung dch Br 2 20% trong dung mi CCl4. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp thu c 0,6 mol CO2. Tm CTPT ca ankan v anken ? Cu 14. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hn hp X gm propan v butan thu c 7,84 lt kh CO 2. Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun.Tnh phn trm th tch ca propan trong hn hp ? Cu 15. Mt hn hp kh gm etilen v axetilen c th tch 6,72l(ktc). Dn hn hp i qua dung dch brom d phn ng xy ra hon ton th lng brom phn ng l 64g. -Thnh phn %V kh etilen v axetilen trong hn hp ? -Nu dn hn hp i qua dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d phn ng xy ra hon ton th lng kt ta thu c l bao nhiu ? BI TP TRC NGHIM L THUYT : ANEHIT XETON AXIT CACBOXYLIC Cu 1.Trong cc cht cho di y ,cht no khng phi l anehit? a.HCH=O b.O=CHCH=O c.CH3COCH3 d.CH3CH=O Cu 2.CH3CH2CH2CHO c tn gi l: a.propan-1-al b.propanal c.butan-1-al d.butanal Cu 3.Anehit propionic c CTCT no trong s cc cng thc di y? a.CH3CH2CH2CHO b.CH3CH2CHO c.CH3CH(CH3) CHO d.HCOOCH2CH3 Cu 4.Cht CH3CH2CH2COCH3 c tn l g ? a.pentan-4-on b.pentan-4-ol c.pentan-2-on d.pentan-2-ol Cu 5.Cht CH3CH(CH3)CH2COOH c tn l g? a.Axit 2-metylpropanoic b.Axit 2-metylbutanoic c.Axit 3-metylbutanoic d. Axit 3metylbutan-1-oic Cu 6. Axit propionic c cng thc cu to nh th no? a.CH3CH2CH2COOH b.CH3CH2COOH c.CH3COOH d.CH3(CH2)3COOH Cu 7.Cho axit X c CTCT CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2COOH.Tn ca X l: a. Axit 2-metylpentanoic b. Axit 2-metylbutanoic c. Axit isohexanoic d. Axit 4metylpentanoic Cu 8.Cng thc no di y l ca axit 2,4-imetylpentanoic? a.CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2COOH b.CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)COOH c.CH3C(CH3)2CH2CH(CH3)COOH d.CH(CH3)2CH2CH2COOH Cu 9. ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O2 c bao nhiu cu to l axit? a.2 b.3 c.4 d.5 e.6 Cu 10. ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O c bao nhiu ng phn l anehit? a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 Cu 11. ng vi CTPT C5H10O c bao nhiu ng phn l xetn? a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4

Cu 12. Cho cc cht sau COOH (1).HOOCCHCHCOOH ,(2). HOOCCH2CCH2COOH, (3).HOOCCHCH2COOH OH OH OH OH (axit tactric )c trong qu nho (axit xitric hay axit limonic). (axit malic) c trong qu to c trong qu chanh Tn gi khc ca cc axit trn ln lt l: a.Axit 2,3-ihioxibutanioic, Axit 2-hiroxipropan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic ,Axit 2-hiroxibutanioic b. Axit 2,3-ihioxibutanoic, Axit 2-hiroxibutanioic, Axit 2-hiroxipropan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic c. Axit 2-hiroxipropan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic ,Axit 2-hiroxibutanioic, Axit 2,3-ihioxibutanoic d. Axit 2-hiroxibutanioic, Axit 2,3-ihioxibutanoic, Axit 2-hiroxipropan-1,2,3-tricacboxylic Bi tp phn tnh cht vt l: Cu 13.Bn cht di y u c phn t khi l 60.Cht no c nhit si cao nht? a.HCOOCH3 b.HOCH2CHO c.CH3COOH d.CH3CH2CH2OH Cu 14. Trong 4 cht di y ,cht no d tan trong nc nht? a.CH3CH2COOCH3 b.CH 3COOCH2CH3 c.CH 3CH2CH2COOH d.CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH Cu 15.Cho cc cht :(1).anehit axetic, (2).axit fomic, (3).ancol etylic, (4).imetyl ete v nhit si ca chng khng theo th t l: 100,70C; 210C; -230C; 78,30C.Nhit si ca cc cht ln lt l: a.100,70C; 210C; 78,30C -230C;. b. 100,70C; -230C;78,30C; 210C. c. -230C; 100,70C; 78,30C.210C; d. 210C;100,70C; 78,30C;-230C. Cu 16.Sp xp theo trt t tng dn nhit cho cc cht (1).anehit axetic, (2).axit fomic, (3).ancol etylic, (4).imetyl ete a.(4)<(1)<(3)<(2). b. (1)<(4) <(3)<(2). C.(1)<(3)<(2) <(4) d.(3)<(2) <(4) <(1) Bi tp phn tnh cht ho hc v iu ch: Cu 17. Nhn xt no sau y l ng ? a.Anehit v xetn u lm mt mu nc brom b. Anehit v xetn u khng lm mt mu nc brom c.Xetn lm mt mu nc brom cn anehit th khng d.Anhit lm mt mu nc brom cn xetn th khng. Cu 18.Phn ng CH3CH2OH +CuO CH3CHO +Cu+H2O thuc loi phn ng no? a.Phn ng th b.Phn ng cng c.Phn ng tch d.Khng thuc c 3 loi phn ng . Cu 19.Anehit benzoic C6H5CHO tc dng vi kim c theo phng trnh ho hc sau: 2 C6H5CHO +KOH C6H5COOK +C6H5 CH2OH Nhn xt no sau y ng? Trong phn ng ny : a.anehit benzoic ch b oxi ho b. anehit benzoic ch b kh c. anehit benzoic khng b oxi ho ,khng b kh d. anehit benzoic va b oxi ho ,va b kh. Cu 20. Trong 4 cht di y,cht no phn ng c vi c 3 cht:Na, NaOH v NaHCO3? a.C6H5OH b.HOC6H4OH c.HCOOC6H5 d.C6H5COOH Cu 21.Cho cc cp cht sau: C6H5OH,C2H5OH,CH3COOH,C6H5ONa,C2H5ONa.S cp cht tc dng c vi nhau l: a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 Cu 22.Phn ng no sau y c th xy ra trong dd nc:

(1). CH3COOH+ NaOH (2). CH 3COOH+Na2CO3 (3). CH3COOH+NaHSO4 (4). CH3COOH+ C6H5 ONa (5). CH3COOH+ C6H5 COONa a.1,2 v 4. b.1,2 v 3 c.1,2 v 5 d.c 5 phn ng u xy ra. Cu 23.Hy sp xp cc axit trong dy sau theo chiu tng dn lc axit: (1). CH3COOH (2).Cl3CCOOH (3) .Cl2 CHCOOH (4). ClCH2COOH a.(1),(2),(3),(4). b.(1),(4),(3),(2). c. (4),(3),(2),(1). d .(3),(2),(4),(1). Cu 24. Hy sp xp cc axit trong dy sau theo chiu tng dn lc axit: (1).ClCH2CH2CH2COOH (2).CH 3CHClCH2COOH (3).CH 3CH2CHClCOOH (4).CH3CH2CH2COOH a.(1),(2),(3),(4). b.(4),(1),(2),(3). C.(3),(2),(1),(4). D.(1),(4),(2),(1). Cu 25. Hn hp no di y c th dng NaOH v H2SO4 tch ra khi nhau? a. OCH3 v CH2OH OH b.COOH v CH 2COOH c.COOH v CH 2OH d. COOH v
Cu 26. Hn hp no di y c th dng NaOH v HCl tch ra khi nhau? a. OH v CH2OH b.OH v COOH c.COOH v CH 2COOH CH2COOH
d. OH
Cu27.Dy chuyn ho ca mt anehit: H2,Ni,t0 H2SO4,1700C xt, t0, p C2H4(CHO)2 X Y cao su Buna .Cng thc cu to ca X l? a.C2H4(COOH)2 b.HO(CH2)4OH c.CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3 d.CH2(OH)CH(OH) CH2CH3 Cu 28.Cho s chuyn ho sau: HOCH2COONa X Y HCOOH. Cc cht X v Y c th l: a.CH4,HCHO b.CH3OH,HCHO c. CH3ONa,CH3OH d.a,b u ng Cu 29.Hp cht hu c E c CTPT C3H6O3 c nhiu trong sa chua .E c th tc dng vi Na v Na 2CO3 ,cn khi tc dng vi CuO nung nng to ra cht hu c khng tham gia phn ng trng gng.Cng thc cu to ca E c th l cht no sau y? a.HOCH2CH2COOH b.CH 3CH(OH) COOH c.HOCH 2COOCH3 d.CH 3 COOCH2OH Cu 30.Cht hu c X mch h c CTPT C4H6O2. +dd NaOH +NaOH(CaO,t0) X Mui Y Etilen.Cng thc cu to ca X l: a.CH2=CHCH2COOH b.CH 2=CHCOOH c.HCOOCH 2CH=CH2 d.CH 2=CH COOCH3 t0 Cu 31. Y(C4H8O2)+NaOH A1+A2 ; A2+CuO t0 Axeton + Tm CTCT ca Y?

a.HCOOC2H5 b.CH3COOC2H5 c.HCOOCH(CH3)2 d.C2H5COOCH3 Cu 32.Hai cht hu c X,Y c cng CTPT C3H4O2.X tc dng vi CaCO3 to CO2.Y tc dng vi Ag2O/NH3 to Ag. Cng thc cu to ph hp ca X,Y ln lt l: a.HCOOC2H5, CH3COOCH3 b.CH2=CHCOOH, O=CHCH2CHO c.C2H5COOH, HCOOC2H5 d.HCOOCH=CH2, C2H5COOH. Cu 33.Anehit axetic c iu ch theo phn ng no sau y? H2O,Hg2+ PdCl2,CuCl2,H2O a.CHCH CH 3CHO b.CH 2=CH2 +O2 CH3CHO KMnO4/H2SO4 c.CH3CH2OH CH3CHO d. CH3CH2OH K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 CH3CHO
e.C a v b ng. Cu 34.C 4 cht lng ng trong 4 l mt nhn :Toluen, ancol etylic, dd phenol, dd axit fomic. nhn bit 4 cht c th dng thuc th no sau y? a.Qu tm,nc brom,natri hiroxit. c. Qu tm,nc brom, dd kali cacbonat c.nc brom,natri kim loi,natri cacbonat d.C a,b,c ng. Cu 35.Cho cc cht sau :C6H5OH, C2H5OH, CH3COOH,C6H5ONa,C2H5ONa..S cp cht tc dng c vi nhau l: a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 Cu 36.Cho phn ng : CH2=CHCH=O+HBr? Chn sn phm chnh : a.CH3CHBrCH=O b.CH 2BrCH2CH=O c.CH 2=CHCHBrOH d.CH 3CHBr CHBrOH Cu 37.Hy sp xp cc cht di y theo tnh axit gim dn: COOH COOH COOH COOH
(1)
(2) NO2
(3) CH3
(4) OH d.(2),(4),
a.(1),(2),(3),(4). b.(2),(1),(3),(4). c.(4),(3),(2),(1). (3),(1). Cu 38.Hy sp xp cc cht di y theo tnh axit gim dn: (1).Axit oxalic HOOCCOOH (2).Axit malonic HOOCCH2COOH (3).Axit sucxinic HOOCCH2CH2COOH a.(1),(2),(3) b.(2),(1),(3) c.(3),(2),(1). d.(1),(3),(2). Cu 39.Ancol A khi b oxi ho cho anehit B.Vy A l: a.Ancol n chc b.Ancol bc 1 c.Ancol bc 2 d.Ancol bc 3. Cu 40. Axit fomic c phn ng trng gng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 v: a.Trong phn t c nhm chc CHO b. Trong phn t c nhm chc COOH. c.Trong phn t c nhm chc C=O d.C a,b,c. Cu 41.Cht no sau y c tnh axit mnh nht: a.HCOOH b.CH3COOH c.CHCH d.CH3OH Cu 42. Axit aipic thuc dy ng ng ca:

a. Axit oxalic b. Axit lactic c. Axit stearic d. Axit oleic. Cu 43.Cng thc cu to di y c th l ca hp cht C10H10 m khi n b oxi ho bng dd KMnO4/H2SO4 un nng cho hn hp gm CH3COOH,HOOCCH2CHCOOH v kh CO2? CH2COOH a.CH3CCCH2CHCCH CH2CCH c.CH3CCCHCCCH3 b.CHCCH2CHCH2CCH CH2CCH d.CH3CCCHCCCH3
CH2CCH CCCH3 Cu 44.Sn phm chnh ca phn ng sau l cht no di y? O3,H2O CH3CH2CH2CH2CCH ? a.CH3(CH2)3COOH v HCHO b. CH3(CH2)3COOH v HCOOH c. CH3(CH2)3 CCHO d CH 3(CH2)3 CCOOH . O O Cu 45.Phn ng no di y thu c axit benzoic C6H5COOH(X)? KMnO4 long,lnh KMnO4 H3O+ a. CH3 X b. CH3 X K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 c. CH2OH X c.COOH OH
0
d.C b v c d.COOH O C CH3
Cu 46.Tnh axit ca cht no sau y mnh nht? a. OH b.COOH
O Cu 47.Xc nh cng thc ca C12H14 bit khi oxi ho n bng KMnO 4/H2SO4 (t ) ch cho hn hp sn phm gm: CH3COOH v COOH COOH b. CH2CCH CH 2CCH c. CCCH3 CCCH 3 CCH d.
a. CH 2CCH CH2CH2CCH CCCH3
Cu 48.Phng php no sau y khng th iu ch c axeton? CuO,t0 H2O,Hg2+ a.(CH3)2CH(OH) b.CH3CCH KMnO4,H+ c.(CH3)2C=CHCH3 d.(CH3)3COH CuO,t0

Cu 49.Sn phm no sau y l ca phn ng? K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 CH3CH(OH)(CH2)4CH3 ?
a..CH3CO(CH2)4CH3 b.CH3CHO c.CH3(CH2)3CHO d.CH3COOH Cu 50.Cho 2 dd HCl v CH3COOH c cng nng CM .Hy so snh pH ca 2 dung dch? a.HCl>CH3COOH b.HCl<CH3COOH c.HCl=CH3COOH d.Khng so snh c. Cu 51.So snh nng ca 2 dung dch NaOH v CH3COONa c cng pH? a.NaOH>CH3COONa b.NaOH<CH 3COONa c.NaOH=CH 3COONa d.Khng so snh c BI TP L THUYT DN XUT HALOGEN-ANCOL-PHENOL Cu 1. Hp cht CH3CH2CHClCH3 l dn xut halogen bc a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 Cu 2. Khi thc hin phn ng th clo vo isobutan,s sn phm iclo ti a c th thu c l bao nhiu? a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 Cu 3. Khi tch hiroclrua t cc ng phn ca C4H9Cl th thu c ti a bao nhiu ng phn cu to ca anken? a.2 b.3 c.4 d.5 Cu 4.Cho 3 cht CH3CH2CH2Cl (1); CH2=CHCH2Cl (2) v phenyl clorua (3). un tng cht vi dd NaOH d,sau gn ly lp nc v axit ho bng dd HNO 3 ,ri nh vo dd AgNO3 th cc cht c xut hin kt ta trng l: a.1,2 b.2,3 c.1,3 d.1,2,3 Cu5.X l dn xut clo ca metan trong phn t X clo chim 83,52% khi lng. X c cng thc phn t l a.CH3Cl b.CH2Cl2 c.CHCl3 d.CCl4. Cu 6. ng vi cng thc phn t C4H10O2 c bao nhiu ng phn bn c th ho tan c Cu(OH)2 ? a.2 b.3 c.4 d.5 Cu 7. C bao nhiu ng phn ancol bc 2 c cng cng thc phn t C5H12O ? a.2 b.3 c.4 d.5 Cu 8 .Cht hu c X c CTPT C4H10O . S lng cc ng phn ca X khng tc dng vi Na l: a.2 b.3 c.4 d.5 Cu 9.Khi cho cht X c CTPT C3H5Br3 tc dng vi dd NaOH d thu c cht hu c Y c phn ng vi Na v phn ng trng gng.Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l a.CH2Br-CHBr-CH2Br b.CH2Br-CH2-CHBr2 c.CH2Br-CBr2-CH3 d.CH3-CH2-CBr3. Cu 10. C bao nhiu ng phn c cng CTPT C5H10O khi oxi ho bng CuO (to) to sn phm c phn ng trng gng? a.2 b.3 c.4 d.5 Cu 11. Ch dng cc cht no sau y c th phn bit hai ancol ng phn c cng CTPT C3H7OH? a.CuO, dd AgNO3/NH3 b.Na, H2SO4 c c.Na, dd AgNO3/NH3 d.Na v CuO. Cu 12. Cho cc thuc th sau: Na; CuO (to); AgNO3/NH3 v qu tm.S thuc th c th dng phn bit hai ng phn khc chc c CTPT C3H8O l a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 Cu 13. phn bit ancol etylic nguyn cht v ancol etylic c ln nc ,ngi ta dng thuc th no sau y? a.CuSO4 khan b.Na kim loi c.Benzen d.CuO Cu 14 .CHt hu c X mch h ,bn c ng phn hnh hc ,c CTPT C 4H8O. X lm mt mu dd Brom v tc dng vi Na gii phng kh H2.Cng thc cu to ca X l a.CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-OH b.CH3-CH=CH-CH2-OH

c.CH2=C(CH3)-CH2-OH d.CH3-CH2-CH=CH-OH Cu 15.Chiu gim linh ng ca nguyn t H(t tri qua phi ) trong nhm -OH ca 3 hp cht phenol, ancol etylic v nc l a.HOH, C6H5OH,C2H5OH. b.C6H5OH, HOH, C2H5OH c.C2H5OH, C6H5OH, HOH d. C2H5OH, HOH, C6H5OH Cu 16. Khi un nng ancol sec-butylic vi axit sunfuric c 1800C th s ng phn cu to thu c l a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 Cu 17. Cho s phn ng sau:
+HCl +NaOH, t0 H2SO4 dc,180 C +Br2 +NaOH, to
But-1-en X Y Z T K Bit X,Y,Z,T,K u l sn phm chnh ca tng giai on .Cng thc cu to thu gn ca K l a.CH3 CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3 B.CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 c.CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2OH d.CH2(OH)CH2CH2CH2OH Cu 18.Cho dy chuyn ho sau:
H2SO4 c ,170 C H2O (H2SO4 long)
CH3CH2CH2OH X Y Bit X,Y u l sn phm chnh .Vy CTCT ca X ,Y ln lt l a. CH3CH=CH2 , CH3CH2CH2OH b.CH3CH=CH2,CH3CH2CH2OSO3H c. CH3CH=CH2,CH3CH(OH)CH3 d.C3H7OC3H7,CH3CH2CH2OSO3H Cu 19. Cho cc cht sau etylclorua, imetylete, ancol propylic,ancol etylic.cht c nhit si cao nht l: a. etylclorua b. imetylete c. ancol propylic d. ancol etylic Cu 20.Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t ca chng c nhm hiroxyl a.lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon no ca gc hirocacbon. b.lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon ca vng benzen. c.gn trn nhnh ca hirocacbon thm. d.lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon no ca gc hirocacbon khng no. Cu 21.Trong cc cu sau cu no khng ng a.phenol cng c lin kt hiro lin phn t b.nhit si ca phenol thp hn nhit si ca toluen c.phenol c lin kt hiro vi nc c.phenol t tan trong nc lnh. Cu 22. Cu no sau y khng ng a.Phenol l cht rn ,tinh th khng mu c mi c trng b. lu ngoi khng kh ,phenol b oxi ho mt phn nn c mu hng c.phenol rt c ,gy bng nng i vi da d.phenol d tan trong nc lnh Cu 23. S ng phn thm c cng CTPT C7H8O va tc dng c vi Na va tc dng c vi NaOH a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 Cu 24.Cho cht hu c X c CTPT C 6H6O2. Bit X tc dng vi KOH theo t l mol 1:2 .S ng phn cu to ca X l a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 Cu 25.Nguyn t H trong nhm OH ca phenol c th c thay th bng nguyn t Na khi cho a.Phenol tc dng vi Na b.phenol tc dng vi NaOH c.phenol tc dng vi NaHCO3 d.c A,B,C ng e.c A,B ng Cu 26. X l dn xut ca benzen khng phn ng vi NaOH c CTPT l C 7H8O.S ng phn ph hp ca X l a.2 b.3 c.4 d.5 Cu 27. Hp cht X tc dng vi Na nhng khng phn ng vi NaOH.X l cht no sau y?

a.C6H5CH2OH b.HOCH2C6H4OH c.p-CH3C6H4OH d.C6H5OCH3 Cu 28.Cho s chuyn ho sau: Br2,Fe NaOH,t0cao,p cao HCl Toluen B C D .D l a.Benzylclorua b.m-metylphenol c.o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol d.o-metylphenol v p-clotoluen Cu 29.Trong s cc dn xut ca benzen c CTPT C8H10O c bao nhiu ng phn X tho mn X+NaOH Khng phn ng X -H2O Y xc tc Polime a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 Cu 30.Pht biu no sau y ng (1).Phenol c tnh axit mnh hn etanol v nhn benzen ht electron ca nhm OH bng hiu ng lin hp ,trong khi nhm C2H5- y e vo nhm OH (2). Phenol c tnh axit mnh hn etanol v c minh ho bng phn ng phenol tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cn etanol th khng. (3).Tnh axit ca phenol yu hn H2CO3 v sc CO2 vo dd natriphenolat ta s thu c phenol (4).Phenol trong nc cho mi trng axit lm qu tm ho . a.1v 2 b.2 v 3 c.3 v 1 d.1,2 v 3 Cu 31.Cho 4 cht benzen,phenol, axitaxetic v ancol etylic. linh ng ca nguyn t H trong cc phn t trn gim theo th t a.Phenol>benzen>axit axetic>ancol etylic b.Axit axetic>phenol>ancol etylic>benzen c.Benzen> ancol etylic> phenol> axit axetic d.Axit axetic> ancol etylic> phenol> benzen Cu 32.Nhit si ca phenol,ancol etylic,nc,etyl clorua,ancol propylic c xp theo chiu gim dn t tri qua phi A. ancol propylic > ancol etylic> phenol> etyl clorua> nc B. nc >ancol propylic > ancol etylic> phenol> etyl clorua C. phenol> ancol propylic > ancol etylic> nc > etyl clorua D. phenol> nc >ancol propylic > ancol etylic> etyl clorua ANCOL Cu 33. Cc cng thc Ancol vit khng ng l a.CnH2n+1OH ,C3H6(OH)2 ,CnH2n+2O b.CnH2nOH ,CH3CH(OH)2 , CnH2n-3O c.CnH2nO ,CH2OH CH2OH , CnH2n+2On d.C3H5(OH)3 , CnH2n-1OH, CnH2n+2O Cu 34. Xc nh tn IUPAC ca ancol sau CH3 CHOH - CH2 - CH(CH3) - CH3 a.1,3-imetylbutan-1-ol b.2-metylpentan-4-ol c.4,4-imetylbutan- 2-ol d.4-metylpentan-2-ol Cu 35. S ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C4H10O l a.4 b.6 c.7 d.8 Cu 36.Ancol no di y thuc dy ng ng c cng thc chung l CnH2nO a.CH3CH2OH b.C6H5CH2OH c.CH2=CH-CH2OH d.CH2OH-CH2OH Cu 37.S ng phn ancol tng ng vi cng thc phn t C3H8O, C4H10O, C5H12O ln lt l a.2,4,8 b.0,3,7 c.2,3,6 d.1,2,3 Cu 40.Tn gi no sau y khng ng vi hp cht (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH a.3-Metylbutan-1-ol b.ancol iso pentylic c.Acol iso amylic d.2-metylbutan-4-ol Cu 41.Tn chnh xc theo danh php IUPAC ca CH3CHOHCH(CH3)CH3 a.2-metylbutan-3-ol b.1,1-imetylpropan-2-ol c.3-metylbutan-2-ol d.1,2-imetylpropan1-ol Cu 42.Tn ancol no sau y c sai a.CH3CH2CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2OH, 2-metylhexan-1-ol b.CH3C(CH3)2CH2CHOHCH3 ; 4,4-imetylpentan-2-ol

c.CH3CHC2H5CHOHCH3 ; 3-etylbutan-2-ol d.CH3CH2CH(CH3)CHOHCH3 ; 3-metylpentan-2-ol Cu 43.Etilen glicol v glixerol l a.ancol bc 2 v ancol bc 3 b.Hai ancol a chc c.2 ancol ng ng d.hai ancol tp chc. Cu 44.Cho cc hp cht CH2OH-CH2OH HOCH2CH2CH2OH CH3CHOHCH2OH CH2OHCHOHCH2OH .C bao nhiucht l ng phn ca nhau? a.1 b.2 c.3 d.4 Cu 45.Sn phm chnh ca phn ng cng nc vo propilen(xc tc Axit sufuric long) a.Ancol isopropylic b.Ancol etylic c.ancol n- propylic d.ancol sec-propylic. Cu 46. X l hn hp 2 ru ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C 4H10O . un X vi H2SO4 c nhit 1700C ch to ra mt ancol duy nht. X l a.Butan-1-ol v butan-2-ol b.2-metylpropan-1-ol v 2-metylpropan-2-ol c.2-metylpropan-1-ol v butan-1-ol d. 2-metylpropan-2-ol v butan-2-ol Cu 47. X b oxi ho bi CuO cho sn phm c kh nng trng gng.CHt l: a.Ancol sec propylic b.ancol tert butylic c.ancol n-butylic d.ancol sec butylic Cu 48.Ancol no di y khi b oxi ho khng hon ton to ra xetn a. Ancol n-butylic b. ancol sec butylic c. ancol tert butylic d. ancol iso butylic Cu 49.Khi t chy mt ru thy n(H2O) > nCO2,ru l a.No n chc mch h b.no,mch vng c.no mch h d.khng no mch vng. Cu 50.Khi t chy mt ancol thy n(H2O) = nCO2,ru l a.khng no mch h b.khng no mch h,c mt lin kt i,dn chc c.no,mch vng d.Khng no mch h c mt lin kt i,hoc mch mt vng no Cu 51.Khi t chy cc ancol no mch h n chc l ng ng lin tip .Khi s nguyn t C tng dn th t l n(H2O) / nCO2 c gi tr a.Khng i b.tng dn c.gim dn t 2 n 1 d.Gim dn t 1 n 0 Cu 52.Cng thc tng qut no sau y khng ng a.ru no n chc mch h CnH2n+1OH b.Ru no 2 chc mch h CnH2n(OH)2 c.ru no a chc mch h CnH2n+1(OH)x d.ru no a chc mch h CnH2n+2-x(OH)x Cu53. Ancol etylic tan v hn trong nc do a.cng c nhm OH b.Cng c lin kt phn cc c.cng c tnh cht ha hc tng t nhau d. Ancol etylic to lin kt hiro vi nc Cu 54.Khi cho mt ancol tc dng vi kim loi hot ng mnh ( hoc d),nu V H2 sinh ra=1/2V ca hi ru o cng iu kin th l ancol no sau y? a. a chc b. n chc c.hai chc d.ba chc. Cu 55. Hp cht CH3CH(CH3)CH=CH2 l sn phm tch nc ca ancol no sau y? a.2-metylbutan-1-ol b.2,2-imetylpropan-1-ol c.2-metylbutanol-1-ol d.3-metylbutan-1-ol 0 Cu 56.Dung dch ancol etylic 25 c ngha l a.100g dd c 25ml ancol etylic nguyn cht b. 100ml dd c 25g ancol etylic nguyn cht c. 100g dd c 25g ancol etylic nguyn cht d. 100ml dd c 25ml ancol etylic nguyn cht Cu 57.Trong dy ng ng ca ancol n chc no mch h ni chung khi s nguyn t C tng th a. si tng,kh nng tan trong nc tng b. si tng,kh nng tan trong nc gim c. si gim, kh nng tan trong nc tng d. si gim, kh nng tan trong nc gim Cu 58.Cht X c CTPt l C4H8O.X lm mt mu dd nc brm v tc dng vi Na gii phng H 2.CTPT ca X l a.CH2=CH-CH2-CH2OH v CH3CH2CH2CHO b.CH3CH=CH-CH2OH v CH3CH2CH=CH-OH c.CH2=CH-CH2-CH2OH v CH3CH=CHCH2OH d.tt c u sai BI TP luyn tp v nng cao DN XUT HALOGEN-ANCOL-PHENOL Ch 1.Ancol tch nc to ete

Cu 1.X l hn hp 2 ancol.Cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 1400C thu c hn hp 3 ete .Ly 1 trong 3 ete (n chc) em t chy thu c CO2 v hi nc theo t l mol nCO2:nH2O=5:6. Hai ancol l a.ancol etylic b.ancol metylic v ancol etylic c. ancol metylic v ancol propylic d. ancol etylic v ancol propylic Cu 2. un nng m1 (g) ancol no n chc X vi H2SO4 iu kin thch hp thu c m2 (g) hp cht hu c Y.T khi hi ca X so vi Y l 1,4375.(hiu sut phn ng coi nh 100%).Ancol X l a.CH3OH b.C2H5OH c.C3H7OH d.C4H9OH Cu 3.Thc hin phn ng tch nc vi ancol n chc A iu kin thch hp .Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cht hu c B.dB/A =1,7. CTPT A l a. C2H5OH b. C3H7OH c. C4H9OH d.C5H11OH Cu 4. un nng mt hn hp gm 2 ancol no n chc vi H 2SO4 1400C thu c 21,6 g nc v 72,0 g hn hp ba ete c s mol bng nhau. Cng thc phn t 2 ancol,s mol mi ancol,mi ete l a.CH3OH v C2H5OH; 0,4 mol ; 1,2 mol b. CH3OH v C2H5OH; 1,2mol ; 0,4mol c. C2H5OH v C3H7OH; 0,4 mol ; 1,2 mol d. CH3OH v C2H5OH; 0,4 mol ; 0,4 mol Cu 5. Khi un nng hn hp 3 ancol X,Y,Z(u c s nguyn t C >1)vi H 2SO4 c 1700C thu c 2 olephin l ng ng k tip nhau .Ly 2 trong 3 ancol tc dng vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c 2,64g ete.Lm bay hi 1kg bng khi lng ete thu c trn cho th tch bng th tch ca 0,24g oxi cng iu kin .Cng thc cu to ca 3 ancol l. a.C2H5OH ;CH3CHOHCH3 ;CH3CH2CH2CH2OH b. C 2H5OH ;CH3CHOHCH3 ; CH3CH2CH2OH c.C3H7OH ;CH3CH2CHOHCH3 ; CH3CH2CH2CH2OH d.C b v c ng. Cu 6. un nng hn hp 2 ancol mch h n chc vi H 2SO4 c c hn hp cc ete.Ly X l mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton ta c t l nX : nCO2 : nH2O=0,5 : 2 : 2 . CTCT ca 2 ancol l a.CH3OH ,CH2OH-CH=CH2 b.CH 3OH; C4H7OH c.C 2H5OH; CH2=CH-CH2OH d.c a,c ng. Cu 7.Cho V(l) ktc hn hp kh gm 2 anken lin tip trong dy ng ng hp nc c 12,9gA gm 3 ancol. un nng A vi H2SO4 c 1400C thu c 10,65g B gm cc ete .(Hiu sut cc phn ng l 100%) Cng thc cu to ca cc anken l: a.C2H4; C3H6 b.C3H6; C4H8 c.C2H4; CH2=CH- CH3 d.CH2=CHCH3; CH3CH=CHCH3 Cu 8. un nng 66,4 g hn hp P gm 3 ancol no n chc vi H 2SO4 c nhit 1400C ta thu c 55,6 g hn hp 6 ete c s mol bng nhau. un P vi H 2SO4 c nht 1800C th thu c hn hp kh c 2 olefin.Hiu sut cc phn ng coi nh 100%.Cng thc cu to ca 3 ancol l a.CH3OH,C2H5OH,C3H7OH b.CH 3CHOHCH3 ,CH3CH2CH2OH,CH3CH2CH2CH2OH c. C2H5OH, CH3CHOHCH3 ,CH3CH2CH2OH d.Dp n khc. Cu 9. un nng hn hp 2 ancol n chc X,Y vi H 2SO4 c c hn hp 3 ete .Ly ngu nhin1 trong 3 ete trong em t chy hon ton c 6,6g CO2 v 3,6g H2O. X,Y l a.2 ancol n chc cha no b. 2 ancol n chc c s mol bng nhau c. C2H5OH v CH3OH d. CH3OH,C2H5OH e. khng xc nh c. Cu 10. M gm X,Y l ng ng ca ancol metylic em un nng vi H 2SO4 c c 3 ete, trong c 1 ete c khi lng phn t bng khi lng phn t ca 1 trong cc ancol. t chy hon ton M c 1,232 g CO2. Mt khc cho hn hp trn phn ng vi Na c 0,112 lit H2 (ktc).CTPT ca X,Y l a.CH3OH v C2H6O b.C2H6O v C4H10O c.C2H6O v C3H8O d.c A, B ng Cu 11.Mt hn hp gm C2H5OH v CH3OH khi bay hi chim th tch 15,6 lit 109,2 0C,1atm. Cho hn hp nh trn tch nc to ete c khi lng 14,3 g ; t l mol gia 2 ete i xng l 2:1. S mol mi ete to thnh l a.CH3OCH3 0,1mol ; C2H5OC2H5 0,05mol ; CH3OC2H5 0,1mol c.c A,B ng b. CH3OCH3 0,05mol ; C2H5OC2H5 0,1mol ; CH3OC2H5 0,1mol d. p n khc. Ch 2.Ancol tch nc to anken.

Cu 12. un nng 57,5 g etanol vi axit sunfuric c 170 0C.Dn ton b sn phm thu c ln lt qua cc bnh cha ring r :CuSO4 khan,NaOH m c, dd Brom d trong CCl4.Sau khi th nghim khi lng bnh cui cng tng 21 g.Hiu sut ca qu trnh hirat ho l: a.59% b.55% c.60% d.70% Cu 13. un 1,66g hn hp 2 ancol vi axit sufric c thu c 2 anken k tip nhau .(H=100%).Nu t chy 2 anken cn dng 2,688 lit oxi ktc.Tm CTCT 2 ancol bit ete to thnh t 2 ancol l 2 ete c nhnh. a. C2H5OH, CH3CH2CH2OH b. C2H5OH, CH3CHOHCH3 c. CH3CHOHCH3 , CH3CH2CH2CH2OH d. CH3CHOHCH3 , (CH3)3COH. Cu 14. Tch nc hon ton hn hp X ta thu c hn hp Ygm cc olefin.Nu t chy hon ton X thu c 1,76 g CO2. Nu t chy hon ton Y th tng khi lng CO2 v nc l a.2,94g b.2,48g c.1,76g d.2,76g Cu 15. un nng m1 gam ancol no n chc X vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c m2 g cht hu c Y. T khi ca Y so vi X l 0,7 .(H=100%).CTPT ca X l a. C2H5OH b. C3H7OH c.C4H9OH d. C5H11OH Cu 16. un nng hn hp X gm 2 ancol A,B vi H2SO4 c 170 0C thu c hn hp Y gm 2 anken l ng ng k tip .Y c t khi so vi X l 0,66.CTPT ca A v B l a. CH3OH,C2H5OH b.C 2H5OH ,C3H7OH c. C 3H7OH, C4H9OH d. C 4H9OH, C5H11OH Cu 17.Cho t t hn hp 2 ancol no n chc c cng s nguyn t C vo axit sufuric c nht thch hp th thu c 3 anken (khng tnh ng phn hnh hc). t chy hon ton 2,24 lit ktc hn hp 2 anken to ra 17,6 g CO2. Tn gi ca 2 ancol l a.Butan-2-ol v 2-metylpropan-1-ol b.butan-2-ol v 2-metylpropan-2-ol c.Butan-1-ol v 2-metylpropan-2-ol d.c A,B ng Cu 18.Mt ancol n chc A t/d vi HBr cho hp cht B cha 58,39% brom. un A vi H 2SO4 1700C c 2 anken.Tn gi ca A l a.Butan-1-ol b.Butan-2-ol c.Pentan-2-ol d.2-metylpropan-2-ol 0 Cu 19. t chy hon ton ancol A c 8,96 lit CO 2 (27,3 C; 1,1atm) v 9 g nc.Tin hnh loi nc ca A c hn hp 2 anken. Tn gi ca A l a.Pentan-2-ol b.Butan-2-ol c.Butan-1-ol d.tn gi khc 0 Cu 20.Cho a g ancol X un nng vi H 2SO4 c 170 C thu c 2,688 lit (ktc) anken . t chy ht a g X thu c CO2 v H2O c m=17,04 g.Tm CTPT ca X v gi tr a Cu 21. un 2,72 g hn hp gm 2 ancol vi H2SO4 c n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh gm 2 olefin lin tip.Trn 2 olefin ny vi 24,64 lit khng kh (0 0C; 1atm) thnh mt hn hp . t chy hon ton hn hp trong bnh kn.Sau mt thi gian ngng t ht hi nc ,kh cn li gi l A chim th tch l 15,009 lit 270C ; 1,6974 atm.Tm CTPT ca 2 ancol. Cu 22.X gm 2 ancol n chc A v B b tch nc hon ton to 7 g anken.Bit khi lng hn hp X l 10,6g v anken nng nht c th iu ch t 2 ancol ny c t khi so vi khng kh nh hn 2. Tm CTPT ca A,B. Cu 23.Hn hp X gm propanol v mt ancol A cng dy ng ng.Khi tch nc ca hn hp X c 2 anken c khi lng bng 0,675 ln khi lng ca X.T l s mol 2 ancol l 2:1.(Hiu sut cc phn ng l 100%).Tm t khi ca X so vi CO2 v CTPT ca A. Cu 24.Khi un nng 28,75 g etanol vi axit sunfuric c 1700C .Ton b sn phm cho qua bnh (1) ng CuSO4 khan ,sau qua bnh (2) ng dd NaOH c, cui cng qua bnh (3) ng dd Brom d trong CCl4.Sau th nghim khi lng bnh 3 tng10,5 g.Tnh hiu sut phn ng xy ra u tin. Cu 25.Tch nc ca m g mt ancol n chc X thu c 226,8 g mt anken.Cng lng ancol trn cho phn ng vi HBr thu c 442,8 g dn xut Brm c cha nguyn t Br lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon s 2.Hiu sut 2 phn ng theo th t l 90% v 60%.Tm CTCT ca X. BI TP : ANCOL PHENOL

A L THUYT Cu 3 : phn bit 4 cht lng : benzen, toluen, stiren, etylbenzen ngi ta dng thuc th no sau y: A. Dung dch Br2. B. Dung dch KMnO4. C. Dung dch HNO3 , xc tc H2SO4 . D.kt qu khc. Cu 4: Mt chai ancol etylic c nhn ghi 250 c ngha l A. c 75ml nc th c 25ml ancol nguyn cht. B. c 100g dung dch th c 25g ancol nguyn cht. C. c 100g dung dch th c 25ml ancol nguyn cht. D. c 100ml nc th c 25ml ancol nguyn cht. Cu 6: Cu no sau y l ng nht? A. Hp cht C6H5 CH2 OH l phenol. B. Hp cht CH3 CH2 OH l ancol etylic. C. Ancol l hp cht hu c trong phn t nhm OH. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 8: t chy mt ancol X c n H 2 O > n CO 2 . Kt lun no sau y l ng nht ? A. X l ankanol n chc . B. X l ankadiol . C. X l ancol no, mch h . D. X l ancol n chc mch h . Cu 10: Ancol no n chc tc dng c vi CuO ti andehit l A. ancol bc 2. B. ancol bc 1 v ancol bc 2. C. ancol bc 3. D. ancol bc 1. Cu 11: Hidrat ha 2 metyl but 2 en thu c sn phm chnh l A. 3 metyl butan 2 ol . B. 2 metyl butan 1 ol . C. 3 metyl butan 1 ol . D. 2 metyl butan 2 ol . Cu 12: S ng phn C3H8O b oxi ha to anhdehit l A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 2 Cu 13: Tn quc t ca hp cht c cng thc CH3 CH (C2H5) CH (OH) CH3 l A. 4 etyl pentan 2 ol . B. 3 metyl pentan 2 ol . C. 2 etyl butan 3 ol . D. 3 etyl hexan 5 ol . Cu 17: Dy gm cc cht u phn ng c vi C2H5OH l A. NaOH , Na , HBr . B. CuO , KOH , HBr . C. Na , HBr , CuO. D. Na , HBr , Na2CO3 . Cu 19: Khi un nng butan 2 ol vi H2SO4 c 170oC th nhn c sn phm chnh l A. dibutyl ete . B. but 2 en . C. dietyl ete . D. but 1 en . Cu 22: un nng t t hn hp etanol v propan 2 ol vi H2SO4 c c th thu c ti a s sn phm hu c trong phn t cha 3 nguyn t C, H v O l A. 5 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4 Cu 23: Mt cht X c CTPT l C4H8O. X lm mt mu nc brom, tc dng vi Na. Sn phm oxi ha X bi CuO khng phi l andehit. Vy X l A. 3 metyl butan 1 ol . B. 2 metyl propenol . C. 3 metyl butan 2 ol . D. tt c u sai. Cu 26: Phng php iu ch ancol etylic t cht no sau y l phng php sinh ha ? A. Etilen . B. Etylclorua . C. Tinh bt . D. Andehit axetic. Cu 28: Khi un nng 2 trong s 4 ancol CH4O, C2H6O , C3H8O vi xc tc, nhit thch hp ch thu c 1 olefin duy nht th 2 ancol l A. CH4O v C2H6O . B. CH4O v C3H8O . C. A, B ng . D. C3H8O v C2H6O . Cu 32: Khi un nng hn hp ancol etylic v ancol iso propylic vi H2SO4 c 1400C c th thu c s ete ti a l A. 5 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 33: Ancol no b oxi ha to xeton ? A. butan 1 ol . B. 2 metyl propan 1 ol . C. propan 2 ol . D. propan 1 ol . * Cu 43: Cng thc no di y l cng thc ca ancol no, mch h chnh xc nht ? A. CnH2n + 2O . B. CnH2n + 2 x (OH)x . C. R(OH)n . D. CnH2n + 2Ox . Cu 48: Cng thc dy ng ng ca ancol etylic l A. CnH2n + 1OH . B. CnH2n + 2O . C. R OH. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 50: Cho s chuyn ha : NaOH + H SO , 170 C But 1 en +HCl B A + E
2 4 c o
Tn ca E l :
A. but 2 en .
B. propen .
C. iso butilen .
D. dibutyl ete .

Cu 51: Cc anocl c phn loi trn c s A. bc ca ancol. B. c im cu to ca gc hidrocacbon. C. s lng nhm OH . D. Tt c cc c s trn.. Cu 58: C th phn bit 2 cht lng ancol etylic v benzen bng A. Na . B. dung dch brom. C. dung dch HCl . D. Tt c u ng. .Cu 59: Phenol khng tc dng vi dung dch no? A. dung dch HCl B. dung dch NaHCO3 C. A, B ng. D. dung dch Br2 Cu 61: phn bit phenol v ancol benzylic ta c th dng thuc th no trong cc thuc th sau: 1. Na 2. dung dch NaOH 3. nc Brom A. 1 B. 1, 2 C. 2, 3 D. 2 Cu 62: Phenol phn ng c vi cc cht no sau y: 1. Na 2. NaOH 3. dung dch Br2 4. dung dch AgNO3/NH3 5. Na2CO3 A. 1, 4, 5 B. 1, 3, 5 C. 1, 2, 3 D. 1, 2, 4 E. khng c Cu 63: C bao nhiu ng phn ng vi CTPT C8H10O, bit cc ng phn ny u c vng benzen v u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH A. 7 B. 8 C. 6 D. 9 Cu 64: Thuc th duy nht c th dng nhn bit 3 cht lng ng trong 3 l mt nhn: phenol, stiren, ancol benzylic l A. qu tm. B. dung dch Br2 C. Na D. dung dch NaOH E. thuc th khc Cu 65: S hp cht thm c CTPT C7H8O tc dng vi NaOH l A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 66: Cng thc no sau y khng phi l mt phenol (phn t cc cht u c nhn benzen)? A. C6H5 CH2 OH B. CH3 C6H4 OH C. C2H5 C6H4 OH D. (CH3)2 C6H5 OH Cu 67: C7H8O l mt dn xut ca hidrocacbon thm. Vy s ng phn ca C7H8O c th l A. 6 B. 3 C. 5 D. 4 E. tt c u sai Cu 68: Phenol c th phn ng vi cht no sau y ? A. dung dch KOH B. dung dch Br2 C. dung dch HNO3 D. A, B, C u ng Cu 70: Khi cho Phenol tc dng vi nc brom, ta thy: A. Mt mu nu ca n B. To kt ta gch C. To kt ta trng D. To kt ta xm bc Cu 71: Ha cht duy nht dng nhn bit 3 cht lng ng ring bit trong ba bnh mt nhn : phenol, stiren v ru etylic l... A. natri kim loi. B. qu tm. C. dung dch NaOH. D. dung dch brom. Cu 72: Phn ng no sau y chng minh phenol c tnh axit yu: A. C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O B. C6H5ONa + Br2 C. C6H5OH + NaOH D. C6H5OH + Na Cu 73: Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to :
CH3 OH
OH
CH2
OH
(1) Cht no thuc loi phenol? A. (1) v (2). B. (2) v (3).
(2) C. (1) v (3).
(3) D. C (1), (2) v (3).
B BI TP I.X CTPT DA VO P T CHY ANCOL: Cu 7: t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Tn ca X l A. etan. B. propan. C. metan. D. butan. Cu 5: t chy hon ton 5,8g ancol n chc X thu c 13,2g CO 2 v 5,4g H2O. Xc nh X A. C2H5OH . B. C3H7OH . C. C3H5OH . D. tt c u sai. Cu 10: Khi t chy mt ancol a chc thu c nc v kh CO 2 theo t l khi lng m H 2O : m CO 2 = 27 : 44 . CTPT ca ancol l : A. C2H6O2 . B. C3H8O2 . C. C4H8O2 . D. C5H10O2 Cu 44: Khi t chy mt ancol n chc X thu c CO 2 v hi nc theo t l th tch VCO 2 : VH 2O = 4 : 5 . CTPT ca X l A. C4H10O . B. C3H6O . C. C5H12O . D. C2H6O . Cu 15: Ba ancol X, Y, Z u bn v c khi lng phn t khc nhau. t chy mi cht u sinh ra CO 2 v H2O theo t l mol n CO 2 : n H 2 O = 3 : 4. Vy CTPT ba ancol l A. C3H8O , C3H8O2 , C3H8O3 . B. C2H6O , C3H8O , C4H10O . C. C3H6O , C3H6O2 , C3H6O3 . D. C3H8O , C4H10O , C5H10O Cu 11: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp X gm 2 anken ng ng k tip thu c 8,4 lt CO 2 (kc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 anken l: A. C2H4 v C3H6. B. C4H8 v C5H10. C. C3H6 v C4H8. D. C2H6 v C3H8. Cu 57: Hn hp X cha 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h , k tip nhau trong dy ng ng . t chy hon ton 44,5 g hn hp X cn dng 79,8 lt O2 (ktc ) . Hai ancol trong X l A. C3H7OH v C4H9OH B. CH3OH v C2H5OH C. C4H9OH v C5H11OH D. C2H5OH v C3H7OH
II.X CTPT DA VO ANCOL TC DNG VI Na Cu 2: Cho Na tc dng va vi 1,24g hn hp 3 ancol n chc X, Y, Z thy thot ra 0,336 lt kh H 2 (kc). Khi lng mui natri ancolat thu c l A. 1,9g . B. 2,4g . C. 2,85g . D. khng xc nh c. Cu 45: Cho 4,4 gam mt ancol X no, n chc, mch h tc dng vi natri d, thy c 0,56 lt kh thot ra (ktc). CTPT ca X l : ( Cho C = 12 ; H = 1 ; O = 16 ) A. C2H6O B. C5H12O. C. C3H8O D. C4H10O
III. X CTPT DA VO TCH NC T ANCOL: Cu 3: Khi un nng ancol n chc X vi H2SO4 c 1400C thu c Y. T khi hi ca Y i vi X l 1,4375. xc nh X A. C3H7OH . B. CH3OH . C. C2H5OH . D. C4H9OH . Cu 6: Ancol n chc no mch h c d X/H 2 = 37 . Cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 c un nng n 180oC thy to thnh mt anken c nhnh duy nht. X l A. propan 2 ol . B. butan 2 ol . C. 2 metyl propan 2 ol . D. butan 1 ol . Cu 7: hidrat ha 14,8g ancol thu c 11,2g anken. CTPT ca ancol l A. C4H9OH . B. C3H7OH . C. CnH2n + 1OH . D. C2H5OH . Cu 8: Khi un nng mt ancol n chc no A vi H 2SO4 c iu kin nhit thch hp thu c sn phm B c t khi hi so vi A l 0,7. Vy cng thc ca A l A. C3H7OH . B. C4H7OH . C. C3H5OH . D. C2H5OH . Cu 12: Oxi ha 6g ancol no X thu c 5,8g andehit. CTPT ca ancol l A. CH3 CH2 OH . B. CH3 CH (OH) CH3 . C. CH3 CH2 CH2 OH . D. Kt qu khc Cu 1: Ly 5,3 g hn hp gm 2 ancol no n chc, mch h l ng ng k tip cho tc dn ht vi Na , kh H 2 sinh ra dn qua ng ng CuO d nung nng thu c 0,9 g nc . Cng thc ca 2 ancol l: A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH C. C 2H5OH v C3H7OH D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH
IV. P OXH ANCOL
IV. X CTPT DA VO % CC NGUYN T----Cu 14: Mt ancol no n chc c %O = 50% v khi lng. CTPT ca ancol l A. C3H7OH . B. C6H5CH2OH . C. CH2 = CH CH2 OH . D. CH3OH . Cu 11: Mt ancol no n chc c %H = 13,04% v khi lng. CTPT ca ancol l A. C2H5OH . B. C6H5CH2OH . C. CH3OH . D. CH2 = CH CH2 OH . Cu 4: Mt ancol n chc X mch h tc dng vi HBr c dn xut Y cha 58,4% brom v khi lng. un X vi H2SO4 c 1700C c 3 anken. Tn X l A. 2 metyl propan 2 ol . B. pentan 1 ol . C. butan 2 ol . D. butan 1 ol .
-----------------------
CHNG: I CNG V HO HU C Cu 3: Trong thnh phn hp cht hu c nht thit phi c Hidro. A. ng B. sai Cu 4: Lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c l lin kt cng ha tr. A. ng B. sai Cu 5: Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cacbon c ha tr hai hoc bn. A. ng B. sai Cu 6: Hai cht CH3 - CH2 - OH v CH3 - O - CH3 l ng phn ca nhau. A. ng B. sai Cu 7: Hai cht CH3 - CH = CH2 v CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 l ng ng ca nhau.

A. ng B. sai Cu 8: Cc cht C2H2, C3H4, C4H6 lun lun l ng ng ca nhau. A. ng B. sai Cu 9: Hy chn pht biu ng trong cc pht biu sau : A. ng phn l nhng cht c cng thc cu to v tnh cht tng t nhau nhng thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2. B. Nhng cht c phn t khi bng nhau l ng phn. C. ng phn l nhng cht c cng cng thc phn t nhng cng thc cu to khc nhau. D. C B v C u ng. Cu 10: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C4H10 l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 11: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H7Cl l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 12: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H8O l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 13: S lng ng phn cu to ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8 l: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Cu 14: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H9N l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 15: Cho cc cht sau: CH3 CH2 CH3 (1) CH3 CH2 CH = CH2 (2) CH3 C = CH2 (3) CH2 = C CH = CH2 (4) CH3 CH3 CH CH3 (5) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 (6)
1. Nhng cht ng ng ca nhau l: A. (1), (5) B. (3), (4), (5) C. (1), (6) D. (1), (5), (6) 2. Nhng cht ng phn ca nhau l: A. (1), (2), (4) B. (3), (4), (5) C. (1), (5) D. (2), (3), (6) Cu 16: Cng thc tng qut ca Hidrocacbon c dng CnH2n+2-2k (k 0). k l A. Tng s lin kt B. Tng s lin kt i C. Tng s lin kt v vng D. Tng s lin kt i v ba Cu 17: Hidrocacbon X c cng thc nguyn l (C2H5)n th cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C2H5 B. C4H10 C. C8H20D. C4H8 Cu 18: Cng thc tng qut ca Hidrocacbon X mch h c dng (CxH2x+1)n. X thuc dy ng ng ca: A. Ankan B. Anken C. Ankin D. Aren Cu 19: T khi hi ca hn hp kh gm CH 4 v C2H4 i vi Hidr l 12,5. Thnh phn phn trm th tch ca CH4 v C2H4 trong hn hp ln lt l: A. 50 v 50 B. 25 v 75 C. 75 v 25 D. 36,36 v 64,64 Cu 20: T khi hi ca hn hp kh gm Mtan v xi i vi Hidr l 14. Sau khi t chy hon ton hn hp trn th sn phm thu c l: A. CO2, H2O B. CO2, H2O, O2 C. CO2, H2O, CH4 D. CO2, H2O, O2, CH4 Cu 21: Khi t chy hon ton hidrocacbon X sinh ra t l s mol CO2 v H2O l 2:1 X c th l hidrocacbon no sau y: A. CH4 B. C6H6 C. C4H6 D. C6H12 Cu 22: t chy hon ton hp cht hu c A(C,H,O) bng O2 d, sau cho ton b sn phm qua bnh cha dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Kt thc th nghim th khi lng bnh Ca(OH)2 tng m gam.

Gi tr m chnh l khi lng ca: A. CO2 B. CO2 v H2O C. H2O D. CO2, H2O v O2 d Cu 23: t chy hon ton 0,6 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 1,1 gam CO 2 v 2,7 gam H2O. T khi hi ca X so vi khng kh l 2,69. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C2H6O3 B. C6H6 C. C3H10O2 D. C6H12 Cu 24: t chy hon ton 3 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 4,4 gam CO 2 v 1,8 gam H2O. T khi hi ca X so vi Heli l 15. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C2H4O2 B. C4H12 C. CH2O D. C3H8O Cu 25: Khi phn tch cht hu c Z (C,H,O) thu c t l khi lng: mC : mH : mO = 2.25 : 0,375 : 2 Khi lm bay hi hon ton 1 gam Z th th hi thu c l 1,2108 lt ( 0oC v 0,25 atm). 1. (Z) c cng thc nguyn l: A. C3H6O2 B. (CH3O)n C. (C3H6O2)n D. (C4H10O)n 2. (Z) c cng thc phn t l: A. C3H6O2 B. C2H4O C. C2H6O2 D. C4H10O Cu 26: Khi t chy hon ton 2,64 gam mt hidrocacbon X thu c 4,032 lt kh CO2 (ktc). X c cng thc phn t l: A. CH4 B. C3H6 C. C3H8 D. C3H8O Cu 27: t chy hon ton 10,4 gam hp cht hu c Y ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh (1) cha H 2SO4 m c v bnh (2) cha nc vi trong d. Khi kt thc th nghim th khi lng bnh (1) tng 3,6 gam, bnh (2) thu c 30 gam kt ta. Khi ho hi 5,2 gam A thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6 gam oxi cng iu kin. Y c cng thc phn t l: A. C5H12O B. C3H4O4 C. C6H6 D. C4H8O2 Cu 28: t chy hon ton 200 ml hi cht hu c A (C, H, O) trong 900 ml xi ly d, th tch hn hp kh v hi thu c l 1,3 lt. Sau khi cho hi nc ngng t ch cn 700 ml, tip tc cho qua dung dch KOH c d th ch cn 100 ml. (Cc th tch kh c o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C3H6O B. C3H4O2 C. C2H6O D. C3H6O2 Cu 29: Khi t chy hon ton mt th tch Hidrocacbon X c hai th tch CO 2 v hai th tch hi nc. Cc th tch kh c o cng iu kin. X c cng thc phn t l: A. C2H4 B. C2H2 C. CH4 D. Khng xc nh c Cu 30: C4H9Cl, C4H10O v C4H11N c sp xp theo chiu tng dn v s lng cc ng phn l: A. C4H9Cl, C4H11N, C4H10O B. C4H10O, C4H9Cl, C4H11N C. C4H11N, C4H10O, C4H9Cl D. C4H9Cl, C4H10O, C4H11N Cu 31: t chy hon ton mt Hidrocacbon X vi mt lng va xi. Ton b sn phm chy dn qua b nh ng CaCl2 khan d th th tch kh gim i hn mt na. Bit rng trong X cacbon chim 80 % v khi lng. (Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). X c cng thc phn t l: A. C3H8 B. C2H4 C. C4H6 D. C2H6 Cu p n Cu p n Cu p n 1 1.F; 2.C; 3.E; 4.B 11 B 21 B 2 1.C; 2.D; 3.E; 4.G; 5.A; 6.B 12 C 22 B 3 B 13 C 23 B 4 A 14 D 24 A 5 B 15 1.A ; 2.D 25 1.C ; 2.A

6 7 8 9 10 31 A B B C B D 16 17 18 19 20 C B A B B 26 27 28 29 30 C B A A D
Chuyen e 4: Xac nh cong thc cau tao

1. Cho CTPT:C2H6O, C3H8O.tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B, C biet: A co nhiet o soi thap nhat. B,C co nhiet o soi cao nhat va tac dung vi Na giai phong H 2 , tac dung CuO(t0). B tac dung CuO tao san pham tham gia phan ng trang gng. C tac dung CuO tao san pham kkong tham gia phan ng trang gng. 2. Cho A,B,C co cung CTPT C7H8O. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B, C biet: A,B,C eu cha nhan thm. A tac dung Na, NaOH khong tac dung HCl. B tac dung Na, HCl khong tac dung NaOH. C khong tac dung Na, NaOH, HCl.tac dung vi dung dch brom.
3. Cho A,B,C,D co cung CTPT C 3H6O. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B, C, D biet: A tham gia phan ng trang gng. C ch lam mat mau ddBr 2. B tham gia phan ng Na giai phong H 2, ong thi lam mat mau ddBr2. D khong lam mat mau ddBr2 tac dung vi H2(Ni,t0). 4. Cho A, B co CTPT C3H8O2. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B biet:A,B tac dung vi Na giai phong H2 A tac dung Cu(OH)2 tao dung dch xanh lam trong suot. B khong tac dung Cu(OH)2. 5. Cho A, B,C,D,E co CTPT C3H6O2. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B, C,D biet: A lam qu hoa o. B tac dung dd NaOH(t0), khong tac dung Na. C td Na giai phong H2, td vi H2(Ni,t0c) tao hp chat xanh lamvi Cu(OH)2, C ko lam mat mau ddBr2 D tac dung dd NaOH(t0), khong tac dung Na. ong thi tac dung Ag2O/ddNH3. E td td Na giai phong H2, td vi H2(Ni,t0c) tao hp chat khong lam xanh lamvi Cu(OH)2,E trang gng. 6. Cho cac chat A,B,C lan lt co ctpt :CH 2O2,C2H4O2,C3H4O2.Tm ctct cua chung biet chung co cha cung mot loai nhom chc. 7. Cho A, B,C co CTPT C3H4O2. Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B, C biet: A, B lam mat mau ddBr2, C khong lam mat mau ddBr2. A lam tan a voi. B tham gia trang gng, tac dung vi NaOH(t0). C Tac dung H2 tao hp chat khong tac dung Cu(OH) 2 . 8. Cho cac p A, B,C,D co CTPT: C3H5Cl3.biet chung deu td vi dd NaOH, un nong. A cho sp lam tan a voi. B cho sp X tham gia p trang gng, X tac dung vi H2(Ni, t0) thu c dd Z lam tan Cu(OH)2. C cho sp Ykhong lam mat mau dd Br2, 1 mol Ytac dung vi Na tao 0,5 mol H2 D. cho sp tac dung vi axit stearic tao chat beo 9. Cho X, Y co (C, H, O) vi M= 74(vc). Biet X tac dung Na. X,Y tac dung NaOH va tac dung Ag2O/ddNH3.Tm cong thc cau tao cua X, Y. 10.A co CTPT C4H8Cl2 .biet khi thuy phan A cho san pham la anehit. Xac nh CTCT co the co cua A. 11.A,B,C,D,E la cac dong phan este cua C4H6O2.tm CTCT cua chung, biet chung td vi dd NaOH A tao hh sp X va Y eu tham gia p trang gng B tao hh sp Z va T. T td vi Cu(OH)2/NaOH tao Z C tao hh gom X va chat hu c K khong lam mat mau dd Br2 D tao hh sp gom muoi Q (lam mat mau dd Br2) va chat hu c P. E tao hh sp gom muoi X va chat hu c G , t G bang 2 p ieu che Y 12.Cho A,B,C,D,E,F co (C, H, O) vi M= 74(vc). . Tm cong thc cau tao cua A, B, C, D, ,F biet: A,B,C,D,E, F khong lam mat mau dd Br2. Cac chat tren tac dung Na, NaOH, Ag 2O/ddNH3 co ket qua theo bang sau: Na NaOH Ag2O/ddN H3 A + B C + + D + E + + F + + +
{dau (+) co xay ra p, dau () khong xay ra p }. 13.Cho hchc A co CTPT C4H6O2. (ch cha 1 nhom chc). Tm cong thc cau tao co the co cua A biet t A va cac chat vo c khac ,bang 3 p lien tiep /c caosubuna. 14.Xac nh cong thc cau tao cuaA (C, H, O) biet: A td Na giai phong H2; A td Cu(OH)2 tao thanh dd xanh lam. A co the tham gia p trang gng. ot 0,1 mol A thu c khong qua 17 lt san pham kh(136,5 0C,1atm). 15.Chat A co CTPT C2H4O3.A td Na,dd NaOH(t0 thng),ddNa 2CO3,HCOOH.Tm cong thc cau tao cuaA. 16.cho CTPT cua A la C4H10O.tm cong thc cau tao cuaA biet khi un A vi H2SO4 ac (1800C) tao hon hp 3 olefin. 17.Mot hp chat hu c A co CTPT C3H9O2N. Biet A td vi NaOH(un nhe) thu c muoi B va kh C lam qu tm hoa xanh.cho B td NaOH (ran) un nong thu kh metan. Xac nh CTCT cua A, B, C. 18. A, B, C co cung CTPT C 3H7O2N. Biet A td HCl, NaOH. B td {H} mi sinh B ;B td H2SO4 tao muoi B ;B td NaOH tao B. C td NaOH tao ra 1 muoi va NH 3. Tm CTCT cua A, B, C .viet PT. 19.Cho 2 chat A, B co cung CTPT C4H7O2Cl. Tm CTCT cua A, B. A + NaOH muoi hc A1 +C2H5OH +NaCl / B + NaOH muoi hc B1 +C2H4(OH)2 +NaCl 20. Mot hchc X co CTPT C8H12O5(mach h) Thuy phan X thu c C 3H5(OH)3 va 2 axt n chc A, B hn nhau 1 nguyen t cacbon, axt B cong nc thu c hchc (spc) .trung ngng C thu c 1 polyme. Xac nh CTCT cua A, B, C. 21.Hchc X cha 1 loai nhom chc co CTPT C 8H14O4. Thuy phan X trong dd NaOH thu c 1 muoi va hh 2 ru A va B.phan t B co so nguyen t C nhieu gap oi phan t A. Khi un nong vi H 2SO4 A cho 1 olefin, B cho 2 olefin ong phan. Tm CTCT cua A, B, X. 22.Hai este A, B la dan xuat cua benzen co CTPT C 9H8O2. A va B eu cong hp vi brom theo ty le 1:1. A td vi xut cho 1 muoi va 1 andehit. B td vi xut d cho 2 muoi va H 2O. Cac muoi co khoi lng ln hn khoi lng cua natriaxetat. Tm CTCT cua A, B. Ngoai A, B con co cac dan xuat axt va este khac cua benzen co ctpt tren va cung td dd Br2 theo ty le 1:1 ? 23.Ba chat A,B,D co CTPT C 6H10O4(mach thang) khong td Na, Xac nh CTCT cua A, B, D. A td NaOH tao 1 muoi va 2 ru ke nhau trong day ong ang. B td NaOH tao 2 muoi va 1 ru. D td NaOH tao 1 muoi va 1 ru. 24.Thuy phan chat A co ctpt C8H14O5 thu c C2H5OH va chat hc B, cho biet nA = nC2H5OH =1/2nB. B c ieu che trc tiep t glucoz bang p len men. Trung ngng B thu c polyme.xac nh CTCT A, B. 25.X co CTPT C5H6O4.Thuy phan X bang dd NaOH thu c 1 muoi va 1 ru.nh CTCT co the co cua X. 26.A la dan xuat cua benzen co CTPT C7H9O2N. Khi cho 1 mol A td ddNaOH, em co can thu c muoi khan co m = 144g. Tm CTCT co the co cua A. 27.A co CTPT C8H14O2. Thuy phan A cho B(C6H12O) va C(C2H4O2) .B la hchc mach h, khong phan nhanh, ton tai di dang trans,co the td KMnO4loang,nguoi sinh ra hexxatriol -1,2,3. Xac nh CTCT cua A, B. 28.A la este co ctpt C4H5ClO2 khi thuy phan A trong moi trng kiemthu c hchc B va 2 muoi natri. Chat B tac dung Na, tham gia trang gng nhng khong tac dung vi NaOH. Xac nh CTCT cua A viet PTP . 29.a/Este A co ctpt C4H6O2 khi thuy phan A trong moi trng axt thu c B va C eu co kha nang tham gia trang gng. Xac nh CTCT cua A, B,C.b/ X va Y la cac este ong phan cua A nhng thuy phan X trong moi trng axit thu c X1 va X2, X1 tac dung vi NaOH va lam mat mau nc brom con thuy phan Y trong moi trng kiemthu c Y 1 va Y2, Y2 tham gia trang gng con Y1 khong tac dung vi NaOH,Na, khong tham gia trang gng . Xac nh CTCT cua X,X 1,X2,Y,Y1,Y2.
Xc nh CTPT hp cht hu c Cu 1: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht theo s liu: A, thnh phn : 85,5% C; 14,2 % H; M =56 B, 5,3 % C; 9,4 % H; 12% nit; 27,3% O; t khi hn hp so vi khng kh l 4,05 C, 54,5% C; 9,1 % H; 36,4% O. 0,88 gam hi chim th tch 224 ml ( o ktc) D, cht A c 37,5 % C; 12,5% H v 50% oxi d A/ H2 =16 Cu 2: Mt hp cht hu c A cha C, H, O, N vi m C: mH:mO:mN= 9: 2,25:8:3,5. T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh bng 3,14. Tm cng thc phn t ca A Cu 3: Tm CTPT cht hu c trong TH sau: A, t chy hon ton 10 gam hp cht sinh ra 33,85 gam CO 2 v 6,94 gam H2O. T khi hi i vi khng kh l 2,69 B, phn tch 0,46 gam A to thnh 448 ml CO2 (ktc) v 0,54 gam H2O, t khi ca A so vi khng kh l 1,58 C, Cht hu c Y c MY =123v khi lng ca C, H, O, N trong phn tu theo th t t l: 72:5:32:14 D, cht hu c Z c cha 40% C; 6,67% H cn li l oxi. Mt khc khi ho hi mt lng Z ngi ta dc th tch ca nit (II) oxit c khi lng bng 1/3 khi lng ca Z cng iu kin E, phn tch 1,5 gam cht hu c W thu c 1,76 gam CO2; 0,9 gam H2O; 12 ml nit o 00C v 2 atm. Nu ho hi cng 1,5 gam cht 127 0C v 1,64 atm, ngi ta thu c 0,4 lt kh Cu 4: phn tch hai cht A, B cho cng kt qu: c 3 phn khi lng cacbon th c 0,5 phn khi lng hidro v 4 phn khi lng oxi. Bit dB/kk =3,1 v d B/A =3. Xc nh CTPT ca A v B Cu 5: t chy 0.282 gam hp cht v cho sn phm sinh ra i qua bnh ng CaCl2 v KOH thy bnh ng CaCl 2 tng thm 0,194 gam, cn bnh KOH tng thm 0,8 gam. Mt khc, t 0,186 gam cht sinh ra 22,4 ml nit( ktc). Phn t ch cha mt nguyn t oxi Cu 6: Hp cht hu c A ch cha hai nguyn t X, Y . t chy hon ton m gam A cng sinh ra m gam H2O. A c phn t trong khong 150<A<170 A, X, Y l nhng nguyn t g? B, Xc nh CTG v CTPT ca A Cu 7: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c A ch thu c CO2 v H2O ri ln lt cho sn phm chy qua bnh 1 ng CaCl2 khan v NaOH thy khi lng cc bnh ny tng ln lt l: 0,9 gam v 1,76 gam. Tm CTPT caA bit MA < 60 Cu 8: Hp cht A c Ma <170. t chy hon ton 0,486 gam A sinh ra 405,2 ml CO2(ktc) v 0,27 gam H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A Cu 9: t chy hon ton 0,12 mol cht hu c A mch h cn dng 50,4 lt khng kh. Sau p cho ton b sn phm chy gm CO 2; H2O; N2 hp th hon ton vo bnh ng dd Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh tng ln 23,4 gam v c 70,92 gam kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 41,66 4 lt. Xc nh CTPT ca A Cu 10: c ba hp cht hu c A, B, C khi lng phn t ca mi cht u nh hn 180 vC. Hp cht B c cng thc phn t trng vi CTG nht ca A. Hp cht C l dn xut cha oxi ca benzen, khi lng phn t ca C bng 94 vC Khi t chy hon ton 15 mg A ch thu c hn hp gm CO2 v hi nc , tng th tch ca chng quy v iu kin tiu chun bng 22,4 ml .a, Xc nh CTG ca A, CTPT ca B, C B, Xc nh CTPT ng ca A bit dA/B=3 Cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c -3
30.co 4 chat hc ng vi ctpt C3H6O,C3H6O2,C3H4O,C3H4O2 c k hieu ngau nhien A,B.C,D.A,C co kha nang tham gia trang gng.B,D p vi NaOH. D p vi H2 tao thanh B.oxihoaC thu c D. Xac nh CTCT cua A,B,C,D.Viet ptp khi cho A,B tac dung Cu(OH) 2 nhiet o thng .C,D tac dung CuO nhiet o thng.D tac dung H2 co xt,T0C va oxi co xt.
Cu1: t chy hon ton mt hidrro cacbon A thu c ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng P2O5 v Ca(OH)2 d thy khi lng jcc bnh tng 10,8 gam v 17,6 gam. Xc nh CTPT ca hp cht hu c bit dA/NO=1 Cu 2: cht A cha C, H,O c t l khi lng mC:mH =3:2v khi t chy ht A thu c CO2 v H2O c VCO2:VH2O=4:3. Tm cng thc n gin ca A Cu 3: T mt loi tinh du, ngi ta tch c hp cht hu c A . t chy hon ton 2,64 gam A cn va 4,704 lt O 2 ch thu c CO2 vi t l mCO2:mH2O =11:2. MA<150. Xc nh CTPT cu A Cu 4: Mt hp cht hu c A cha C, H, O, Nem t chy hon ton thu c CO2; H2O; N2. Cho bit nH2O= 1,75 nCO2; nCO2+H2O =2 nO2. MA<95. Xc nh CTPT ca A Cu 5: Hp cht hu c A c M < M C6H6 cha bn nguyn t C, H, N, O trong c 9,09 % hidro; 18,18 % nit. t chy 7,7 gam A thu wocj 4,928 lt CO 2 27,3o v 1 atm. Xc nh CTPT cua A Cu 6: t chy 8,9 gam hp cht hu co X phi dng 8,4 lt O2. Sn phm chy gm 6,3 gam H2O v 7,84 lt hn hp N2 v CO2 ( cc th tch kh o ktc). Xc nh cTPT ca X bit X c mt nguyn t nit trong phn t Cu 7: t chy hon ton 6,66 gam cht X cn 9,072 lt oxi( ktc). Sn phm chy c dn qua bnh (1) ng H 2SO4 c; bnh (2) ng Ca(OH) 2 d thy bnh (1) tng 3,87 gam; bnh (2) tng m gam v c a gam kt ta. MX <250. Tm m; a v CTPT ca X Cu 8: t chy hon ton 0,295 gam hp cht A thu c 0,44 gam CO2 v 0,225 gam H2O. Trong mt th nghim khc , phn tch mt lng cht A nh trn cho 55,8 cm3 N2 (ktc). dA/ kk = 2,04. Xc nh CTPT ca A Cu9: oxi ho hon ton 0,42 gam cht hu c X ch thu c kh CO2 v hi nc m khi dn ton b vo bnh cha nc vi trong ly d th khi lng bnh tng thm 1,86 g ng thi xut hin 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc khi ho hi mt lng cht X ngi ta thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch va ng bng 2/5 th tch ca kh nit c khi lng jtong ong trong cng iu kin nhit v p sut . Xc nh CTPT ca X Cu 10: t chy hon ton 9,9 gam hp cht A gm ba nguyn t C, H, Cl ri cho sn phm to thnh qua bnh ng H 2SO4 c v Ca(OH)2 thy cc bnh tng ln lt 3,6 gam v 8,8 gam A, Tm cng thc thc nghim ca A B, xc nh CTPT ca A bit A ch cha hai nguyn t Cl Cu 11: t chy hon ton m gam mt hp cht hu c X bng mt lng khng kh va thu c 17,6 gam CO2; 12,6 gam H2Ov 69,44 lt N2 (ktc). Gi thit khng kh ch gm N 2 v O2 trong oxi chim 20% khng kh. Xc nh CTPT ca X Cu 12: t chy hon ton mt lng cht A cn 6,72 lt O 2 (ktc). Sn phm to thnh ch gm CO2 v H2O c dn qua dd nc vi trong thu c 10 gam kt tu v 200ml dung dch mui c nng 0,5 M. Dung dch mui ny nng hn lng nc vi d dng l 8,6 gam. Xc nh CTPT cu X bit CTPT trng vi CTG Cu 13: t chy hon ton 7,3 gam hp cht hu c cha C, H, O. sn phm chy cho qua bnh I ng P2O5 ri qua bnh II ng 5 lt nc vi trong c nng 0,04 M Xc nh CTPT ca hp cht ny bit khi lng bnh I tng 4,5 gam v bnh II c 10 gam kt ta. Bit hi ca hp cht ny nng gp 36,5 ln kh He cng iu kin Cu 14: Mt hp cht hu c gm C, H, O; trong cacbon chim 61,22% v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht c th l A. C4H10O. B. C3H6O2. C. C2H2O3. D. C5H6O2. Cu15: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c n chc X thu c sn phm chy ch gm CO2 v H2O vi t l khi lng tng ng l 44 : 27. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H6. B. C2H6O. C. C2H6O2. D. C2H4O.
Cu 16: t chy hon ton 0,12 mol cht hu c A mch h cn dng 10,08 lt O 2 (ktc). Dn ton b sn phm chy (gm CO 2, H2O v N2) qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thy khi lng bnh tng 23,4g v c 70,92g kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca A l A. C2H5O2N. B. C3H5O2N. C. C3H7O2N. D. C2H7O2N. Cu 17: Mt hp cht hu c Y khi t chy thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau; ng thi lng oxi cn dng bng 4 ln s mol ca Y. Cng thc phn t ca Y l A. C2H6O. B. C4H8O. C. C3H6O. D. C3H6O2. Cu 18: t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c n chc X cn 8,96 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau. Cng thc n gin nht ca X l A. C2H4O. B. C3H6O. C. C4H8O. D. C5H10O. Cu 19: t chy hon ton 4,3gam mt cht hu c n chc A cha C, H, O ri dn sn phm chy qua bnh 1 cha P2O5 d v bnh 2 cha NaOH d. Sau th nghim bnh 1 tng 2,7g; bnh 2 thu c 21,2g mui. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. C2H3O. B. C4H6O. C. C3H6O2. D. C4H6O2. Cu20: t chy hon ton 1,18 gam cht B (CxHyN) bng mt lng khng kh va . Dn ton b hn hp kh sau phn ng vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, thu c 6 gam kt ta v c 9,632 lt kh (ktc) duy nht thot ra khi bnh. Bit khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit v th tch. Cng thc phn t ca B l A. C2H7N. B. C3H9N. C. C4H11N. D. C4H9N. Cu 21 Trong mt bnh kn dung tch khng i cha hn hp hi cht A (C xHyO) vi O2 va t chy hp cht A 136,5 oC v 1 atm. Sau khi t chy, a bnh v nhit ban u, th p sut trong bnh l 1,2 atm. Mt khc, khi t chy 0,03 mol A lng CO2 sinh ra c cho vo 400 ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,15M thy c hin tng ho tan kt ta, nhng nu cho vo 800 ml dd Ba(OH) 2 ni trn th thy Ba(OH) 2 d. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. C2H4O. B. C3H6O. C. C4H8O. D. C3H6O2. Cu22: t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,62 gam CO2; 1,215 gam H2O v 168ml N2 (ktc). T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh khng vt qu 4. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. C7H9N. B. C6H7N. C. C5H5N. D. C6H9N. Cu 23: t chy hon ton 5,8 gam cht A thu c 2,65 gam Na2CO3; 2,26 gam H2O v 12,1 gam CO2. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. C6H5O2Na. B. C6H5ONa. C. C7H7O2Na. D. C7H7ONa. Cu 24: t chy hon ton 1,88g A (cha C, H, O ) cn 1,904 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v H2O vi t l mol tng ng l 4:3. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. C4H6O2. B. C8H12O4. C. C4H6O3. D. C8H12O5. Cu 25: t chy hon ton mt lng cht X (cha C, H, O) cn 0,6 mol O 2 to ra 0,6 mol CO2 v 0,6 mol H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C6H12O6. B. C12H22O11. C. C2H4O2. D. CH2O. Cu 23: t chy hon ton mt lng cht Y (cha C, H, O) cn 0,3 mol O 2 to ra 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,3 mol H2O. Cng thc phn t ca Y l A. C2H6O. B. C2H6O2. C. CH4O. D. C3H6O. Cu 24: t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c cha C, H, Cl thu c 2,2 gam CO2; 0,9 gam H2O. Khi xc nh clo trong lng cht bng dung dch AgNO 3 th thu c 14,35 gam AgCl. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht l A. C2H4Cl2. B. C3H6Cl2. C. CH2Cl2. D. CHCl3. Cu 25: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht X cn 6,16 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp CO2, N2 v hi nc. Sau khi ngng t ht hi nc, cn li 5,6 lt kh (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro l 20,4. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H7O2N. B. C3H7O2N. C. C3H9O2N. D. C4H9N. Cu 26: t chy hon ton 10,4 gam hp cht hu c Y (cha C, H, O) ri cho ton b sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh 1 dng H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng nc vi trong d.
Sau th nghim, ngi ta thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 3,6 gam v bnh 2 thu c 30 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H6O2. B. C4H6O2. C. C4H6O4. D. C3H4O4.
BI TP CHNG 4
Dng 1: Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC Bi 1. t chy hon ton 0,92 g HCHC thu c 1,76 g CO 2 v 1,08 g H2O. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong HCHC. Bi 2. t chy hon ton 7,75 g vitamin C (cha C, H, O) thu c 11,62 g CO 2 v 3,17 g H2O. Xc nh % khi lng mi nguyn t trong phn t vitamin C. Bi 3. Oxi ho hon ton 0,6 g HCHC A thu c 0,672 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v 0,72 g H2O. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A. Bi 4. Oxi ho hon ton 0,135 g HCHC A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha KOH, th thy khi lng bnh 1 tng ln 0,117 g, bnh 2 tng thm 0,396 g. th nghim khc, khi nung 1,35 g hp cht A vi CuO th thu c 112 ml (ktc) kh nit. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A. Bi 5. Oxi ho hon ton 0,46 g HCHC A, dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c v bnh 2 cha KOH d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 0,54 g bnh 2 tng 0,88 g. Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca cc nguyn t trong phn t cht A. Bi 6. A l mt cht hu c ch cha 2 nguyn t. Khi oxi ho hon ton 2,50 g cht A ngi ta thy to thnh 3,60 g H2O. Xc nh thnh phn nh tnh v nh lng ca cht A. Bi 7. Khi oxi ho hon ton 5,00 g mt cht hu c, ngi ta thu c 8,40 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 4,5 g H2O. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong hp cht hu c . Bi 8. t chy hon ton 2,50 g cht A phi dng va ht 3,36 lt O 2 (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c CO2 v H2O, trong khi lng CO2 hn khi lng H2O l 3,70 g. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca tng nguyn t trong A. Bi 9. Oxi ho hon ton 6,15 g cht hu c X, ngi ta thu c 2,25 g H 2O; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt N2 (cc th tch o ktc). Dng 2: Lp CTPT hp cht hu c Bi 1. Nilon 6, loi t nilon ph bin nht c 63,68% C; 9,08 % H; 14,14% O; v 12,38% N. Xc nh CTGN ca nilon 6. Bi 2. Kt qu phn tch cc nguyn t trong nicotin nh sau: 74% C; 8,65% H; 17,35% N. Xc nh CTGN ca nicotin, bit nicotin c khi lng mol phn t l 162. Bi 3. t chy hon ton 5,6 g HCHC A thu c 13,2 g CO 2 v 3,6 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 28. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bi 4. t chy hon ton 0,30 g cht A (cha C, H, O) thu c 0,44 g CO 2 v 0,18 g H2O. Th tch hi ca ca 0,30 g cht A bng th tch ca 0,16g kh oxi ( cng k v nhit v p sut). Xc nh CTPT ca cht A. Bi 5. T tinh du hi, ngi ta tch c anetol mt cht thm c dng sn xut ko cao su. Anetol c khi lng mol phn t bng 148 g/mol. Phn tch nguyn t cho thy, anetol c %C = 81,08%; %H = 8,10% cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN v CTPT ca anetol. Bi 6. Hp cht X c phn tm khi lng C, H, O ln lt bng 54,54%; 9,10% v 36,36%. Khi lng mol phn t ca X bng 88. Xc nh CTPT ca X. Bi 7. T tinh du chanh ngi ta tch c cht limonen thuc loi hirocacbon c hm lng nguyn t H l 11,765%. Hy tm CTPT ca limonen, bit t khi hi ca limonen so vi heli bng 34. Bi 8. t chy hon ton HCHC A cn va 6,72 lt O 2 ( ktc) thu c 13,2 g CO2 v 5,4 g H2O. Bit t khi hi ca A so vi khng kh gn bng 1,0345. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bi 9. t chy hon ton 2,20 g cht hu c X ngi ta thu c 4,40 g CO2 v 1,80 g H2O. 3. Xc nh CTGN ca cht X. 4. Xc nh CTPT cht X bit rng nu lm bay hi 1,10 g cht X th th tch hi thu c ng bng th tch ca 0,40 g kh oxi cng k nhit v p sut. Bi 10. t chy hon ton 2,85 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c CO2 v H2O theo t l khi lng 44 : 15. 3. Xc nh CTGN ca X. 4. Xc nh CTPT ca X bit rng th khi hi ca X i vi C2H6 l 3,80. * Bi 11. t chy hon ton 4,45 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy gm c 3,15 g H2O v 3,92 lt hn hp kh gm CO2 v N2 (ktc). Xc nh CTGN ca X.
Bi 12. HCHC A c thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t nh sau: C chim 24,24%; H chim 4,04%; Cl chim 71,72%. 3. Xc nh CTGN ca A. 4. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A i vi CO2 l 2,25. Bi 13. Tm CTPT cht hu c trong mi trng hp sau: 3. t chy hon ton 10 g hp cht, thu c 33,85 g CO2 v 6,94 g H2O. T khi hi ca hp cht so vi KK l 2,69. 4. t chy 0,282 g hp cht v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl 2 khan v KOH thy bnh ng CaCl2 khan tng thm 0,194 g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,80 g. Mt khc t chy 0,186 g cht , thu c 22,4 ml nit ( ktc). Phn t ch cha mt nguyn t nit. Bi 14. t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22 g CO 2 v 0,09 g H2O. Khi xc nh clo trong lng cht bng dd AgNO3 ngi ta thu c 1,435 g AgCl. Bi 15. Phn tch mt HCHC cho thy: c 2,1 phn khi lng C li c 2,8 phn khi lng O v 0,35 phn khi lng H. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c trn bit 1,00 g hi cht ktc chim th tch 373,3 cm3. Bi 16. t chy hon ton 0,9 g HCHC A thu c 1,32 g CO 2 v 0,54 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 45. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Bi 17. t chy hon ton 100 ml hi cht A cn 250 ml oxi to ra 200 ml CO 2 v 200 ml hi H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut. Bi 18. Khi t 1 lt kh A cn 5 lt oxi sau p thu c 3 lt CO 2 v 4 lt hi H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut. Bi 19. T genol (trong tinh du hng nhu) iu ch c metylgenol (M = 178 g/mol) l cht dn d cn trng. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t ca metylgenol cho thy: %C = 74,16%; %H = 7,86%, cn li l oxi. Lp CTGN, CTPT ca metylgenol. BI TP HIRCACBON NO Bi 1: Trong ankan A c cc bon chim 83,33% khi lng phn t. a/ Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v gi tn cc ng phn ca A b/ Hy xc nh X,Y, Z, Bit X, Y, Z l cc ng phn ca A v khi tc dng vi Clo ( k AS) th: - X cho 3 sn phm monoclo - Y cho 4 sn phm monoclo - Z cho 1 sn phm mono clo uy nht. Bi 2: Tn thay th ca cht c cng thc cu to: CH3 CH3 - C CH = CH3 CH2 CH3 A. 3,3 imetyl pent 4- en C. 3- metyl 3- etylbut- 1 en B. Iso propyl pent 1- en D. 3, 3 imetyl pent 1- en Bi 3: Cho 3 ankan lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Bit phn t khi ca 3 ankan l 132. CTPT ca 3 ankan l: A. CH4 , C2H6 , C3H8 B. C2H6 , C3H8, C4H10 C. C3H8, C4H10, C5H12 D. C2H6, C4H10, C3H8 Bi 4: Cho isopentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l 1:1 v s mol, c nh sng khuych tn. Sn phm monoclo np d hnh thnh nht? A. CH3CHClCH(CH3)2 B. CH3CH2CCl(CH3)2 C. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2Cl D. CH3CH(CH3)CH2Cl Bi 5: Clo ha mt ankan theo t l mol 1:1 c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht cha 33,33% Clo v khi lng. Tn ca ankan l: A. n pentan B. isopentan C. neopentan D. N- butan Bi 6: Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi so vi hir l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l: A. 3,3 imetylhexan B. 2,2 imetylpropan C. Isopentan D. 2,2,3- trimetylpentan Bi 7: Hn hp X gm 2 ankan l ng ng k tip, t khi ca X so vi H 2 l 33,2. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 ankan? Bi 8:(H A-2008) Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C5H12. B. C3H8. C. C4H10. D. C6H14.
Bi 9: (H A-2008) Cho isopentan tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l s mol 1 : 1, s sn phm monoclo ti a thu c l A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5. Bi 10: (H B-2008) Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t cacbon bc ba trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO2 ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi Cl2 (theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn xut monoclo ti a sinh ra l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5. Bi 11:t chy hon ton mt th tch ankan mch thng A thu c 4 th tch CO2 o cng iu kin. a. Vit cng thc cu to ca A. b. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi : - Cho A tc dng vi Clo theo t l mol 1:1. - Tch mt phn t hydro khi A. - Phn ng t chy ca A Bi 12: Cho isopentan tc dng vi Cl2 t l 1:1 trong iu kin chiu sng to c bao nhiu dn xut monoclo. Vit PTP v gi tn sn phm Bi 13: t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon thu 22 gam CO2 v 13,44 lit hi nc (kc) . a. Tm CTPT hidrocacbon b. Vit ng phn v gi tn bit khi tc dng Cl2 (1:1) cho mt sn phm monoclo duy nht. Bi 14: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam mt hidrocacbon thu 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc) . Tm CTPT hidrocacbon Bi 15 t chy hon ton 7,2 gam mt hidrocacbon thu 10,8 gam H2O . Tm CTPT hidrocacbon Bi 16: t chy hon ton 7,2 gam mt hidrocacbon cn va 17,92 lt O 2 (ktc) . Tm CTPT hidrocacbon Bi 17: Cht A l mt ankan th kh. t chy hon ton 1,2 lit A cn dng va ht 6 lit O 2 ly cng iu kin. a. Xc nh CTPT cht A. b.Cho cht A tc dng vi kh Clo 25 0C v c nh sng. Hi c bao nhiu dn xut monoclo ca A? cho bit tn ca cc dn xut ? dn xut no thu c nhiu nht? Bi 18: Khi t chy hon ton 2,16 gam mt ankan, ngi ta thy trong sn phm to thnh khi lng CO2 nhiu hn khi lng H2O l 3,36 gam. a. Tm CTPT ca ankan . b. Vit CTCT c th c v c tn theo IUPAC Bi 19 : Mt hn hp kh gm CH4 v mt hidrocacbon A. t mt lt hn hp cn 3,05 lt oxi v cho 1,7 lt CO2 trong cng iu kin. a. Tm dy ng ng ca A. b. Nu t khi ca A i vi heli l 7,5. Tm cng thc phn t ca A v tnh % th tch hn hp kh ban u. Bi 20: t chy hon ton 6,8g hn hp kh X gm: ankan A v CH 4. sn phm chy dn vo bnh 1 ng P2O5 v bnh 2 ng 1200ml Ba(OH)2 0,25M. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh 1 tng 12,6g. a. Tm cng thc phn t ca A, bit V A : V CH 4 = 2 : 3. b. Tnh khi lng cc cht trong X. c. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. Bi 21 : t chy hon ton 1,5g hidrocacbon A ri dn sn phm vo V ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,2M (phn ng va ). Sau phn ng c 7,88g kt ta v dung dch X. Nung nng dung dch X c 5,91g kt ta na. a. Tm cng thc nguyn ca A. b. Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. c. Cho lng A trn tc dng vi khi clo theo t l th tch 1:1 nh sng. Hn hp sn phm c th tch 1,68 lt (ktc). Tnh hiu sut phn ng (gi s phn ng ch to dn xut monoclo). Bi 22 : t chy hon ton hirocacbon A c th tch l 1,12lt ktc. Sn phm chy cho hp th vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 29,55g kt ta, ng thi khi lng dung dch gim 19,35g. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon A.
Bi 23: Lp cng thc phn t trong mi trng hp sau: a). Khi lng phn t bng 72. b). Trong phn t, khi lng nguyn t cacbon ln hn khi lng nguyn t hiro l 58g. c). t chy 1lt ankan (kh) cn dng 32,5lt khng kh d). T l khi lng mC : mH = 5,25 e). Mt ankan B c %mH = 16% CC BI TP IN HNH V TM CNG THC PHN T HP CHT HU C A. Nhc s qua v l thuyt : THIT LP CNG THC PHN T CHT A c dng CxHyOzNt M A 12 x y 16 z 14t = = = = CCH 1 mhchc mC m H mO m N M A 12 x y 16 z 14t = = = = CCH 2 100 %C % H %O % N CCH 3 qua CT thc nghim (CaHbOdNd)n, m m m m x : y : z : t = C : H : O : N , khi bit MA suy ra n. 12 1 16 14 CCH 4 phng php th tch (phn ng chy) y z y t0 C x H y O z + ( x + )O 2 xCO2 + H 2 O 4 2 2 TM QUA CNG THC N GIN B1. PHN TCH NGUYN T Dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t, bo ton khi lng A (C, H, O, N) + O2 CO2 + H2O + N2 Bo ton cacbon nC ( A) = nCO2 mC ( A) Bo ton hiro Bo ton nit Bo ton oxi n H ( A) = 2n H 2O m H ( A) n N ( A ) = 2n N 2 m N nO ( A) + nO ( PU ) = nO ( H 2O ) + 2nO ( CO2 )
Cng th da vo cng thc mA = mC + mH + mN + mO *Khi ch bit t l CO2 v H2O dng cng thc nh lut bo ton khi lng m A + mO ( pu ) = mCO2 + m H 2O *Khi chuyn ha Nit thnh NH3, ri cho NH3 tc dng H2SO4 th nh phn ng : 2NH 3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 *nh lng CO2 bng phn ng vi kim phi ch bi ton CO2 *nh lng nc bng cch s dng cc cht ht nc nh: -CuSO4 khan (khng mu) CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O (mu xanh) -CaCl2 khan chuyn thnh CaCl2.6H2O -P2O5 c phn ng P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 -H2SO4 c chuyn thnh dung dch c nng long hn. -CaO hoc kim KOH, NaOH c *Nu dng cht ht nc mang tnh baz hp th sn phm chy th khi lng bnh tng l khi lng ca CO2 v H2O *Nu dng cht mang tnh axit hay trung tnh (CaCl 2, P2O5, H2SO4) hp th sn phm chy th khi lng bnh tng ln ch l khi lng ca H2O. B2. THIT LP CNG THC N GIN Sau khi xc nh s mol mi nguyn t; xc nh cng thc n gin t cng thc ca A l CxHyOzNt Ta c
%C %H %O %N x : y : z : t = nC : nH : nO: nN = : : : = a : b : c : d trong a : b : c : d l t l nguyn ti 12 1 16 14 gin CTG ca A l CaHbOcNd, cng thc phn t ca A c dng (CaHbOcNd)n vi n 1 nguyn. B3. XC NH CH S n TRONG CNG THC THC NGHIM C 2 cch ph bin tm ch s n *DA VO KHI LNG MOL PHN T (MA) Khi bit MA ta c: (12a + b + 16c + 14d).n = MA *C th tm MA theo mt trong nhng du hiu sau: mA Da vo t khi hi cht kh. Da cng thc tnh MA = nA B. Bi tp Cu 1: Xc nh CTPT ca mt cht A c t l khi lng cc nguyn t nh sau :mC: mH : mN: mS = 3 : 1 : 7 : 8 Bit trong phn t A c 1 nguyn t S. (CH4N2S) Cu 2 : t chy hon ton a g mt cht hu c cha C, H, Cl thu c 0,22g CO 2 , 0,09g H2O. Khi phn tch ag hp cht trn c mt AgNO3 th thu c 1,435g AgCl . Xc nh CTPT bit t khi hi ca hp cht so vi NH3 l 5. ( CH2Cl2) Cu 3 : t chy hon ton a g cht A cn dng 0,15 mol oxi , thu c 2,24 lt CO 2 (kc) v 2,7g H2O . nh CTPT A.(C2H6O) Cu 4 : t chy hon ton 0,01 mol mt hidrocacbon ri dn ton b sn phm sinh ra vo bnh cha dd Ca(OH)2 d thy bnh nng thm 4,86g ng thi c 9g kt ta to thnh . Xc nh CTPT. Cu 5 : Khi t 1 lt cht X cn 5 lt oxi thu c 3 lt CO2 , 4 lt hi nc (th tch cc kh o cng iu kin t , p). Xc nh CTPT ca X. ( C3H8. ) Cu 6 A l cht hu c cha C, H, O c M = 74 vC. Tm CTPT A ?.p s : C 4H10O ; C3H6O2 ; C2H2O3. VN Cu1: Cho hp cht hu c A gm C, H, O t chy 224 cm3 CO2 v 0.24 g H2O. T khi A vi He l 19. Tm CTPT A.( C3H8O2.) Cu 2: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C 2H2 v hidocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh CO 2 v 2 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh v hi nc cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l ? Cu 3 : Cht Y cha C, H, O, N khi t chy hon ton thu c CO 2, H2O v N2. Cho bit nH2O = 1.75 nCO2 ; tng s mol CO2 v s mol H2O bng 2 ln s mol O 2 tham gia phn ng. Phn t khi Y < 95. Tm CTPT Y. Cu 4 : t chy hon ton hn hp 6.72 lit (dktc) { CO 2 v 1 ankan X }. Tong hn hp sau t chy c 7.2 g H2O v 11.2 lit CO2. CTPT ca X l ?. (C3H8 .) BT HIDROCACBON CT chung: CxHy (x 1, y 2x+2). Nu l cht kh k thng hoc k chun: x 4. Hoc: CnH2n+2-2k, vi k l s lin kt , k 0. 2.4. CC PHN NG DNG TNG QUT: 2.4.1. Gi CT chung ca cc hydrocacbon l C n H 2 n +2 2 k a. Phn ng vi H2 d (Ni,to) (Hs=100%) ,t C n H 2 n +2 2 k + k H2 Ni C n H 2 n +2 hn hp sau phn ng c ankan v H2 d Ch : Phn ng vi H2 (Hs=100%) khng bit H2 d hay hydrocacbon d th c th da vo M ca hh sau phn ng. Nu M <26 hh sau phn ng c H2 d v hydrocacbon cha no phn ng ht b. Phn ng vi Br2 d: C n H 2 n +2 2 k + k Br2 C n H 2 n +2 k Br2 k c. Phn ng vi HX
o
HX C n H 2 n +2 k X k d.Phn ng vi Cl2 (a's'k't') C n H 2 n +2 2 k + k Cl2 C n H 2 n +2 2 k Cl k +xHCl e.Phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3 2 C n H 2 n +2 2 k +xAg2O NH x C n H 2 n +2 2 k x Ag x + xH 2 O 2.4.2. i vi ankan: CnH2n+2-xClx + xHCl K: 1 x 2n+2 CnH2n+2 + xCl2 ASKT Crackinh CmH2m+2 + CxH2x CnH2n+2 K: m+x=n; m 2, x 2, n 3. 2.4.3.i vi anken: + Phn ng vi H2, Br2, HX u tun theo t l mol 1:1 + Ch phn ng th vi Cl2 cacbon C CH3-CH=CH2 + Cl2 500 ClCH2-CH=CH2 + HCl 2.4.4. i vi ankin: + Phn ng vi H2, Br2, HX u tun theo t l mol 1:2 ,t VD: CnH2n-2 + 2H2 Ni CnH2n+2 + Phn ng vi dd AgNO3/NH3 2CnH2n-2 + xAg2O 2CnH2n-2-xAgx + xH2O K: 0 x 2 * Nu x=0 hydrocacbon l ankin ankin-1 * Nu x=1 hydrocacbon l ankin-1 * Nu x= 2 hydrocacbon l C2H2. 2.4.5. i vi aren v ng ng: + Cch xc nh s lin kt ngoi vng benzen. n Br = l s lin kt ngoi vng benzen. Phn ng vi dd Br2 n hydrocacbon + Cch xc nh s lk trong vng: nH = + Phn ng vi H2 (Ni,to): n hydrocacbon * vi l s lk nm ngoi vng benzen * l s lk trong vng benzen. Ngoi ra cn c 1 lk to vng benzen s lk tng l + +1. VD: hydrocacbon c 5 trong c 1 lk to vng benzen, 1lk ngoi vng, 3 lk trong vng. Vy n c k=5 CTTQ l CnH2n+2-k vi k=5 CTTQ l CnH2n-8 A. BT LY THUYET 1. Tn gi ca hp cht c CTCT di l: CH3 CH CH2 CH3
3
o o
C n H 2 n +2 2 k + k
C2H5 A. 2-Etylbutan B. 2- Metylpentan C. 3-Metylpentan D. 3-Etylbutan
2. 3-Etyl-2,3-Dimetylpentan c CTCT l: C2H5 A. CH3 CH C CH3 B. CH3 CH CH CH CH3 CH3 CH3 C2H5 CH3 C. CH3 CH C C2H5 CH 3 3. Phn ng th gia 2-Metylbutan vi Cl2 (t l 1:1) cho my sn phm th? CH2--CH3 D. a,b,c u sai CH3 C2H5
4. 5. 6. 7.
A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 Brom ho mt ankan thu c mt dn xut cha mt Brom c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 82,5. CTPT ankan ny l: A. CH4 B. C3H8 C. C5H12 D. C6H14 T CH4 (cc cht v c v iu kin c ) c th iu ch cc cht no sau y? A. CH3Cl B. C2H6 C. C3H8 D. C 3 cht trn t chy hn hp CH4, C2H6, C3H8 thu c 2,24 lit CO2 (ktc) v 2,7g H2O. Th tch O2 (ktc) tham gia phn ng chy l: A. 2,48 l B. 3,92 l C. 4,53 l D. 5,12 l ng phn no ca C5H12 ch cho mt sn phm th monoclo? A. CH3 C. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 B. CH3 C CH3 CH3 D. Khng c ng phn no
8. X + Br2 Dibrompropan.
1,3X l: CH2
A.
CH2
CH CH3 C CH2
B. H2C D. C A v C
CH2
C. CH2
9. Hidrocacbon X tc dng vi Cl2 (askt) vi t l mol 1:1 ch thu c mt dn xut clo c t khi hi so vi H2 l 74,25. Cng thc cu to ng ca X l: CH3 A. CH3 C CH3 C. CH3 C C2H5 CH3 C CH3 C2H5 D. C H 2 5 CH3 B. C2H5 CH CH C2H5 CH3 CH3 CH CH CH3 CH 3 C2H5
C2H5
10. Hp cht 2,3-dimetylbutan khi phn ng vi clo theo t l mol 1:1 c askt s thu c s sn phm ng phn l: A. 1 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4 11. Stiren ( ) c cng thc tng qut l: a) CnH2n-6 b) CnH2n-8 c) CnH2n-10 d) CnH2n-6-2k 12. Naptalen ( a) C10H6 ) c cng thc phn t l: b) C10H10 c) C10H12 d) Tt c u khng ng
CH CH2
13. Phn ng gia Toluen vi Kali pemanganat trong mi trng axit Sunfuric xy ra nh sau:
CH3
+
KMnO4
H2SO4
COOH
MnSO 4
K 2SO 4
+
H2O
H s cn bng ng trc cc tc cht: cht oxi ha, cht kh v axit ln lt l: a) 5; 6; 9 b) 6; 5; 8 c) 3; 5; 9 d) 6; 5; 9 14. Mt Hirocacbon mch h tc dng vi HCl sinh ra sn phm chnh l 2-Clo-3-metyl butan. Hirocacbon ny c tn gi l: a) 3-Metyl buten-1 b) 2-Metyl buten-1 c) 2-Metyl buten-2 d) Mt anken khc 15. Mt s iu ch cao su Buna nh sau:
Nhh p
+H2
Cao su Buna
A l: a) n-Butan b) Metan c) t n d) (b) hoc (c) 16. Cho hn hp A gm cc hi v kh: 0,1 mol Benzen; 0,2 mol Toluen; 0,3 mol Stiren v 1,4 mol Hiro vo mt bnh kn, c cht xc tc Ni. un nng bnh kn mt thi gian, thu c hn hp B gm cc cht: Xiclohexan, Metyl xiclohexan, Etyl xiclohexan, Benzen, Toluen, Etyl benzen v Hiro. t chy hon ton lng hn hp B trn, ri cho hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi c d, hp th ht sn phm chy. tng khi lng bnh ng nc vi l: a) 240,8 gam b) 260,2 gam c) 193,6 gam d) Khng d kin tnh 17*. Hn hp A gm Etan, Etilen, Axetilen v Butaien-1,3. t chy ht m gam hn hp A. Cho sn phm chy hp th vo dung dch nc vi d, thu c 100 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch nc vi sau phn ng gim 39,8 gam. Tr s ca m l: a) 58,75g b) 13,8g c) 60,2g d) 37,4g 18. t chy hon ton mt hn hp hirocacbon, thu c 17,92 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 14,4 gam H2O. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn dng t chy hn hp trn l: a) 26,88 lt b) 24,52 lt c) 30,56 lt d) Tt c u sai 19. Hn hp A gm 0,3 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol H2. un nng hn hp A c Ni lm xc tc, thu c hn hp B. Hn hp B lm mt mu va 2 lt dung dch Br 2 0,075M. Hiu sut phn ng gia etilen v hiro l: a) 75% b) 50% c) 100% d) Tt c u khng ng 20. X l mt hirocacbon. Hiro ha hon ton X th thu uc 3-etyl hexan. T khi hi ca X so vi Hiro bng 52. Nu cho 10,4 gam X tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch bc nitrat trong amoniac th to c 31,8 gam mt cht rn c mu vng nht. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
a) CH C CH CH2 CH2 CH3 c) CH C CH CH2 CH CH2 C CH C CH b) CH C C CH CH3 d) Ta t ca e u sai C C CH3
21. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Hirocacbon A, thu c 0,6 mol CO 2 v 0,3 mol H2O. Cng 0,1 mol A cho tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 th thu c 29,2 gam kt ta c mu vng nht. A l: a) 3-Metyl pentaiin-1,4 b) Hexaiin-1,5 c) Hexaien-1,3-in-5 d) (a), (b) VN Cu 1: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Ca = 40) A. 20. B. 40. C. 30. D. 10. Cu 2: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Cl = 35,5) A. C3H6. B. C3H4. C. C2H4. D. C4H8. Cu 3: Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol (ru). Hai anken l A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en (hoc buten-1).B. propen v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). C. eten v but-2-en (hoc buten-2). D. eten v but-1-en (hoc buten-1).
Cu 4: Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C3H4. Cu 5: Khi brom ha mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi i vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Br = 80) A. 3,3-imetylhecxan. B. isopentan. C. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan. D. 2,2-imetylpropan. Cu6: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh (trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Th tch khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16) A. 70,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 84,0 lt. D. 56,0 lt. Cu 7: Dn V lt ( ktc) hn hp X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt niken nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn Y vo lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam brom v cn li kh Z. t chy hon ton kh Z thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 4,5 gam nc. Gi tr ca V bng (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Br = 80; Ag = 108) A. 11,2. B. 13,44. C. 5,60. D. 8,96 Cu 8: Khi cho ankan X (trong phn t c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 83,72%) tc dng vi clo theo t l s mol 1:1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut monoclo ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; Cl = 35,5) A. 2-metylpropan. B. 2,3-imetylbutan. C. butan. D. 3-metylpentan. Cu 9: S ng phn hirocacbon thm ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10 l A. 5. B. 3. C. 2. D. 4. Cu 10: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l A. 18,60 gam. B. 18,96 gam. C. 20,40 gam. D. 16,80 gam. Cu 11: Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al4C3 vo dung dch KOH (d), thu c a mol hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu c l 46,8 gam. Gi tr ca a l A. 0,60. B. 0,55. C. 0,45. D. 0,40. Cu 12: Cho s chuyn ha: CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC. tng hp 250 kg PVC theo s 3 trn th cn V m kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH4 chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%) A. 224,0. B. 448,0. C. 286,7. D. 358,4. Cu 13: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l A. 1,20 gam. B. 1,04 gam. C. 1,64 gam. D. 1,32 gam. Cu 14: Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut); t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C6H14. B. C3H8. C. C4H10. D. C5H12. Cu 15: Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2, CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH3, CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l A. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.
Cu 16: Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng dung dch brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh CO2. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l (bit cc th tch kh u o ktc) A. CH4 v C2H4. B. CH4 v C3H4. C. CH4 v C3H6. D. C2H6 v C3H6. Cu 17: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C2H2 v hirocacbon X sinh ra 2 lt kh CO2 v 2 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H6. B. C2H4. C. CH4. D. C3H8. Cu 18: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng A. ankan. B. ankaien. C. anken. D. ankin. Cu19: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt hirocacbon l CnH2n+1. Hirocacbon thuc dy ng ng ca A. ankan. B. ankin. C. ankaien. D. anken. Cu 20: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO2 v 0,132 mol H2O. Khi X tc dng vi kh clo (theo t l s mol 1:1) thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Tn gi ca X l A. 2-Metylbutan. B. etan. C. 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2-Metylpropan. LUYN TP: HIROCACBON KHNG NO. 1. Hon thnh chui bin ha: Cao su Buna-S
(2) (3) + HBr(1:1) (4)
Cao su Buna
C4H8
C4H6
(9)
(5)
(1)
(6)
(B)
(11) (7) (8) (10) (12) (13)
etilen glycol
C6H14
etilen oxit
(14)
C2H6
(A)
(15)
C2H4Br
(23) (16) (17) (18) (19)
(A)
+ AgNO3/NH3
P.E
(C)
C2H2
(21) (22)
C4H4
(20)
(Y)
(24)
Anehit axetic C6H6
C6H12
2. T CH4, stiren C6H5CH=CH2 v cc cht v c cn thit hy iu ch: PE, PP, PVA, cao su Buna, cao su Buna-S, cao su isopren. 3. Nhn bit cc cht sau: - Kh metan, etilen, axetilen bng 2 cch.
- Propan, xiclopropan, propen, propin-1. - Propen, axetilen, but-1,3-ien, metan. 4. Tinh ch: Etilen ln metan, axetilen. Axetilen ln propan, buten-1.
5. Tch ri tng cht sau ra khi hn hp: - Metan, etilen, axetilen. Butin-1, butin-2, butan.
6. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c (A) cn 12,8g oxi. Sau phn ng thu c 16,8 lt hn hp hi ( 136,5oC; 1atm) gm CO2 v hi nc. Hn hp ny c t khi so vi CH4 l 2,1. a. Xc nh CTPT ca A. Vit CTCT c th c ca A. b. Xc nh ng CTCT ca A v gi tn A bit rng A to kt ta vng khi cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. c. Tnh lng kt ta thu c khi dung 0,1 mol A phn ng vi AgNO 3/NH3 vi hiu sut phn ng l 90%. 7. Mt hn hp gm axetilen, propilen, v metan. t chy hon ton 11g hn hp th thu c 12,6g nc. Mt khc 5,6 lt hn hp ktc phn ng vi dung dch cha 50 gam Brom. Xc nh thnh phn % th tch ca hn hp u. 8. Mt hn hp kh X gm mt ankan, mt anken, mt ankin c th tch 1,792 lt ktc c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau: Phn I: cho qua dung dch AgNO3 trong ammoniac d to 0,735 gam kt ta v th tch hn hp gim 12,5%. Phn II: em t chy hon ton ri hp th ton b sn phm vo 9,2 lt dung dch Ca(OH) 2 0.0125M thy c 11 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTPT ca cc hirocacbon v tnh thnh phn % v th tch mi kh trong hn hp X bit tng s nguyn t Cacbon ca anken v ankan bng 6.
BI TP HIROCACBON NO
Bi 1: Vit CTCT v gi tn tt c cc ng phn ng vi CTPT C 5H12. Trong cc ng phn , ng phn no tc dng vi Cl2 di tc dng ca nh sng cho mt sn phm duy nht. Bi 2: c tn cc cht sau: CH3 CH3 a/ CH3 CH2 CH2 C - C CH3 C2H5 CH3 b/ CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 C2H5 CH3 c/ CH3 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH CH3 C2H5 CH3 C2H5 d/ CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH3 Cl CH3 CH2 CH3 Bi 3: Vit CTCT cc cht sau: a/ 1-clo-2,3-imetylhexan. b/ 3-etyl-2,4,6-trimetyloctan. c/ 4-etyl-2,2,4-trimetylhexan.
d/ 3,5-ietyl-2,2,3-trimetyloctan e/ 1-clo-3-etyl-2,4-imetylhexan. Bi 4: Cht A l mt ankan th kh. t chy hon ton 1,2 lt A cn dng va ht 6 lt oxi ly cng iu kin. a/ Xc nh CTPT ca A. b/ Cho cht A tc dng vi kh clo 25 0C v c nh sng. Hi c th thu c my dn xut monoclo ca A. Cho bit tn dn xut v sn phm chnh. Bi 5: Khi t chy hon ton 1,8 g mt ankan, ngi ta thy trong sn phm to thnh khi lng CO2 nhiu hn khi lng H2O l 2,8 g a/ Xc nh CTPT ca ankan. b/ Vit CTCT v gi tn tt c cc ng phn ng vi CTPT . Bi 6: Ankan X c cacbon chim 83,33% v khi lng phn t a/ Tm CTPT, vit cc CTCT c th c ca X. b/ Khi X tc dng vi brom un nng c chiu sng c th to ra 4 dn xut ng phn cha mt nguyn t brom trong phn t. Vit CTCT v gi tn Bi 7: Mt hn hp gm hai ankan A, B k cn trong dy ng ng, c t hi so vi H 2 l 33,2. Xc nh CTPT ca 2 ankan v tnh thnh phn % theo th tch ca mi cht trong hn hp. Bi 8: Hn hp M cha 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 22,2 g M cn dng va ht 54,88 lt oxi (ktc). Xc nh CTPT v % v khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp M. Bi 9: Hn hp X cha ancol etylic ( C2H5OH) v 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Khi t chy hon ton 18,9 g X, thu c 26,1 gam H 2O v 26,88 lt CO2 ( ktc). Xc nh CTPT v phn trm v khi lng ca tng ankan trong hn hp. Bi 10: Vit CTCT cc cht sau: a/ 1,1-metylxiclopropan b/ 1-etyl-1-metylxiclohexan. c/ 1-metyl- 4 isopropylxiclohexan. Bi 11: Mt monoxicloankan c t khi hi so vi N2 bng 3. a/ Xc nh CTPT ca xicloankan. b/ Vit CTCT v tn tt c cc xicloankan ng vi CTPT . Bi 12: Hn hp kh A cha mt ankan v mt xicloankan. T khi ca A i vi H 2 l 25,8. t chy hon ton 2,58gam A ri hp th ht sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d, thu c 35,46 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTPT v % th tch ca tng cht trong hn hp kh A. Bi 13: t chy hon ton 10,4 gam hp cht hu c A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh (1) cha H2SO4 m c, bnh (2) cha vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh (1) tng 3,6 gam, bnh (2) thu c 30 gam kt ta. Khi ha hi 5,2 g A, thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6 gam oxi cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Tm CTPT ca A.
ANCOL-PHENOL A/ L THUYT.
I.Khi nim, phn loi. a) nh ngha : Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm hiroxyl (OH) lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cc bon no. VD: CH3CH2OH CH2=CH-CH2-CH2OH CH2=CH-CH(OH)-CH3 CTTQ: CnH2n + 2 -2a b(OH)b (n 1; a 0; b 1; n a + b) (a l s lin kt v vng no). * Ch :-Cc trng hp nhm OH lin kt vi cacbon khng no, hp cht km bn d dng chuyn thnh cc hp cht mi bn hn(tr phenol). VD: CH2=CH-OH CH3CH=O -Trong hp cht mi cacbon ch c th lin kt ti a vi 1 nhm OH VD:
CH3-CH-OH OH CH3-CH=O + H2O
OH CH3-C-OH OH CH3-COOH + H2O
b) Phn loi : C th phn loi theo cc tiu ch khc nhau nh: phn loi theo s nhm OH(ancol n chc, ancol a chc); phn loi theo gc hirocacbon(ancol no, ancol khng no, ancol thm); phn loi theo bc ca ancol Mt s loi ancol tiu biu: * Ancol no n chc mch h: CnH2n + 1OH (CnH2n + 2O) n 1. VD: CH3OH, CH3CH2OH * Ancol no mch vng, n chc VD OH * Ancol khng no, n chc, mch h: Ancol khng no c mt lin kt i, mch h, n chc: CnH2n -1OH (CnH2nO) n 3. VD: Th d : CH2=CHCH2-OH. * Ancol thm, n chc. VD:
CH2 OH
* Ancol no a chc. CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH2 VD:

OH OH OH
OH OH
* Ancol bc I, bc II, bc III.

CH3 CH2 CH2 OH ancol bc I CH3 CH CH3 OH ancol bc II CH3 CH3 C CH3 OH ancol bc III
2. ng phn, danh php a) ng phn : + ng phn cng chc: Cc ancol no, n chc, mch h c ng phn mch cacbon v ng phn v tr nhm chc OH (bt u t C3)
CH3 CH2 CH2 OH CH3 CH CH3 OH
+ ng phn khc nhm chc: Ancol v ete l cc ng phn khc nhm chc (bt u t C2) CH3CH2OH CH3OCH3 b) Danh php : Tn thng thng Danh php gc chc : Ancol + tn gc hirocacbon + ic Th d : C2H5OH (ancol etylic). (CnH2n + 1OH -Ancol ankylic) CH2=CHCH2-OH Ancol anlylic CH2 CH CH2 Glixerol CH2 OH Ancol benzylic OH OH OH
CH3 CH CH3 OH
CH3 CH3 C CH3 OH
Ancol isopropylic Ancol tert-butylic
CH2 CH2 OH OH
Etilen glicol
Tn h thng (tn thay th ) : Tn hirocacbon tng ng s ch v tr nhm OH-ol. Ch : +) mch chnh l mch cacbon di nht c cha nhm OH. +) s ch v tr c bt u t pha gn nhm OH hn. C2H5OH etanol. (CnH2n + 1OH -Ankanol) CH2=CHCH2-OH Prop-2-en-1-ol CH2 CH CH2 Propan-1,2,3-triol CH2 OH Ancol benzylic OH OH OH
CH3 CH CH3 OH
Propan-2-ol
CH2 CH2 OH OH
Etan-1,2-iol
CH3 CH3 C CH3 OH

4 3 2 1
2-metylpropan-2-ol
3 2 1
Th d : ng vi cng thc phn t C4H10O ta c cc ng phn ancol sau :

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH CH3 CH CH2 OH CH3
Butan-1-ol
CH3 CH2 CH OH
1 4 3 2
2-metylpropan-1-ol
1CH 3 2 3CH
3
CH3 C OH
CH3
Butan-2-ol 2-metylpropan-2-ol 3. Tnh cht vt l. Cc phn t ancol c kh nng to lin kt hiro lin phn t v vi nc. Do c lin kt hiro gia cc phn t nn ancol c nhit si cao hn nhng cht c cng phn t khi nhng khng c lin kt hiro(nh hirocacbon, dn xut halogen, anehit, xeton, ete, este). C2H6 < C2H5F < C2H5Cl < C2H5Br < C2H5I < C2H5OH CH3CHO, CH3COCH3, HCOOCH3, CH3OCH3 < C2H5OH Nhit si ca cc ancol tng khi khi lng phn t tng, CH3OH < C2H5OH < C3H7OH < C4H9OH Mt khc nhit si li gim khi tng mc phn nhnh ca mch hay tng bc ca ancol. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH > CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 > (CH3)3C-OH Do c lin kt hiro vi nc nn cc ancol u dy tan v hn trong nc. tan ca cc ancol vo nc gim khi mch C tng do tng phn ui khng phn cc. 4. Tnh cht ho hc a) Phn ng th H ca nhm OH Tnh cht chung ca ancol : cc ancol d dng tham gia phn ng vi kim loi kim (th hin tnh axit): 2R-OH + 2Na 2R-ONa + H2 Th d : 2CH3-CH2-OH + 2Na 2CH3-CH2-ONa + H2 Phn ng c trng ca glixerol : tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch c mu xanh lam c trng. 2C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 [C3H5(OH)2O]2Cu + 2H2O ng(II) glixerat (xanh lam) Phn ng ny c dng phn bit ancol a chc c cc nhm OH cnh nhau trong phn t vi cc ancol khc. Tc dng vi axit hu c-phn ng este ho este c xc tc axit H 2SO 4 140o C C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O b) Phn ng th nhm OH Phn ng vi axit v c m c: to Th d : C2H5-OH + HBr C2H5-Br + H2O Phn ng ny chng t phn t ancol c nhm OH. Phn ng vi ancol : H 2SO 4 140o C Th d : C2H5-OH + HOC2H5 C2H5-O-C2H5 + H2O ietyl ete (ete etylic) c) Phn ng tch nc Khi un ancol no, n chc, mch h (tr metanol) c th b tch nc to thnh anken. H 2SO4 CnH2n + H2O CnH2n+1OH 170o C Th d :
CH2 CH2 OH OH
H2SO4 170oC
CH2 CH2 + H2O
d) Phn ng oxi ha Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton -Ancol bc I b oxi ha thnh anehit :
t Th d : CH3-CH2-OH + CuO CH3-CHO + Cu + H2O -Ancol bc II b oxi ha thnh xeton : t0 Th d : CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 + CuO CH3-CO-CH3 + Cu + H2O -Ancol bc III kh b oxi ho. Phn ng oxi ha hon ton 3n to C n H 2n+1OH + O 2 nCO 2 + (n+1)H 2O 2 Ch : nH2O >nCO2 Ancol no (n chc hoc a chc), mch h. v nr u =nH2O nCO2
5. iu ch a) iu ch etanol H 2SO 4 , t o Phng php tng hp : C 2 H 4 + H 2 O C2 H 5OH

+H 2 O enzim C6 H12O 6 C 2 H 5OH Phng php sinh ho : (C6 H10 O5 ) n xt, t o b) iu ch glixerol
+Cl2 +Cl2 + H 2O CH 2 =CHCH 3 CH 2 =CHCH 2Cl CH 2Cl CH(OH) CH 2 Cl 450o C NaOH C3 H 5 (OH)3
III. Phenol 1. nh ngha, phn loi a) nh ngha : Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon ca vng benzen. b) Phn loi : Da vo s lng nhm OH trong phn t, phenol c chia thnh : Phenol n chc : Phn t ch c 1 nhm OH phenol. Th d : C6H5OH. Phenol a chc : Phn t c hai hay nhiu nhm OH phenol. Th d : C6H4(OH)2. 2. Phenol a) Tnh cht vt l : iu kin thng, phenol l cht rn khng mu, nng chy 43 0C. Phenol rt t tan trong nc lnh nhng tan nhiu trong nc nng v etanol. b) Tnh cht ha hc : Phenol c phn ng th nguyn t H ca nhm OH tng t ancol v c tnh cht ca vng benzen. Phn ng th nguyn t H ca nhm OH
t -Tc dng vi kim loi kim : 2C6H5OH + 2Na 2C6H5ONa + H2 -Tc dng vi dung dch baz : C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O Phn ng ny c dng chng minh phenol c tnh axit mnh hn ancol. Ch : Phenol c tnh axit rt yu, dung dch phenol khng lm i mu qu tm. Phn ng th nguyn t H ca vng benzen
OH Br 3Br2 Br
OH 3HNO3 NO2
2,4,6-trinitrophenol (vng)
0
OH Br 3HBr
2,4,6-tribromphenol (tr ng) OH NO2 O2N
3H2O
Nhn xt : nh hng ca vng benzen n nhm OH v nh hng ca nhm OH n vng benzen c gi l nh hng qua li gia cc nguyn t trong phn t. c) iu ch :
CH2=CHCH3 H+
CH CH3 CH3
O2
CH3 dd H2SO4 C O OH CH3
OH + CH3 C CH3 O
B/ BI TP T LUN. 1. TNH CHT ANCOL. Bi 1: Gi tn thng thng, tn quc t v cho bit bc ca cc ancol sau: a. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH e. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 b. CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH f. (CH3)3COH c. CH3[CH2]3CH2OH g. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH d. CH2=CHCH(OH)CH3 h. CH2=CHCH2OH Bi 2: Vit cng thc cu to cc ancol sau: a. Ancol etylic e. Ancol iso-amylic i. Propan-1,2-iol m. 2-metylhexan-3ol b. Ancol propylic f. 2,2- j. Propan-1,3-iol n. But-3-en-1-ol c. Ancol iso-propylic imetylpropan-1-ol k. Ancol n-butylic g. Xiclohexanol d. Ancol amylic l. Ancol iso-butylic p. Etan-1,2-iol h. Xiclohex-2-en-1q. Propan-1,2,3ol triol Bi 3: Vit cng thc cu to cc ancol ng phn c cng thc phn t C 6H14O v rt ra phng php vit ng phn sao cho khng tha, khng thiu. Bi 4 : Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn tt c cc ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C5H12O. Bi 5 : Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn tt c cc ng phn ancol mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O2. Bi 6: Sp xp cc cht sau y theo chiu tng dn nhit si v gii thch: CH 3OH, CH3OCH3, C2H5OH, C2H5OC2H5. Bi 7: Trong cc cht sau y, cht no tan trong nc tt hn? V sao? a. C4H9OH v C2H5OC2H5. b. CH3COOC2H5 v C4H9OH. Bi 8: Cho propilen tc dng vi HCl c hp cht A. Thu phn A vi xc tc kim th thu c hp cht B. un nng B vi H 2SO4 c 140 0C thu c C. Vit s phn ng biu din qu trnh trn v gi tn cc cht A, B, C. Bi 9: a. Vit cng thc biu din lin kt hiro gia cc phn t phenol v gia phn t phenol vi phn t nc. b. So snh im si, im chy v tan trong nc ca ancol etylic vi phenol. Bi 10: Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn hp cht thm ng vi CTPT C 8H10O v vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc hp cht nu c vi Na, dung dch NaOH. Bi 11: Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C 7H8O, khng phn ng vi NaOH, khng phn ng vi Na, phn ng vi nc brom cho hai cht c cng thc phn t C 7H7OBr (B v C). Vit PTP v xc nh CTCT A, B, C. Bi 12: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc cht sau: C6H5OH, C6H5CH2OH, C2H5OH, p-HO-C6H4CH2OH vi Na, dung dch NaOH, dung dch Br2. Bi 13: Hy nhn bit cc cht cho trong cc nhm sau y bng phng php ho hc: a. Toluen, phenol, ancol etylic, axit axetic b. Stiren, etylbenzen, 2phenyletanol, 2-etylphenol. Bi 14: 1-T mtan, vit s iu ch cc ancol sau : metanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, Butan-1-ol, etilen glicol, Glixerol, butan-1,4-iol, propan-1,2-iol. 2-Phn bit: Glixerol, propan-2-ol, propan-1,3-iol. Bi 15: Cho cc ancol: propylic (A) , iso-propylic (B) v Glixerol (C) 1-T A iu ch B v ngc li . 2-T A hoc B iu ch C. Bi 16: T butan-1-ol v cc cht v c cn thit khc hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch metyl etyl ete. Bi 17: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo s chuyn ho sau (ghi r iu kin nu c): H 2O H 2O H 2O HO E A B + C D + Bit E l mt ancol bc 3 c cng thc phn t l C5H12O. Bi 18: Chia m gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng ca ancol metylic thnh hai phn bng nhau: Phn I: B t chy hon ton thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc). Phn II: B tch nc hon ton thu c hn hp hai anken.Tnh khi lng nc khi thu c t khi t chy ht hai anken ny. (p s: m nc = 1,8 gam.)
2
2. XC NH 1 RUU. Bi 19: 1- Ancol A c cng thc n gin nht l C3H8O. Bin lun tm CTPT ca A.
2-Mt ancol no, a chc c cng thc nguyn l (C 2H5O)n. Tm CTPT ca ancol. (C3H8O v C4H10O2) Bi 20: C 5 cht ch cha mt loi chc ancol c cng thc C 3H 8On. Tm CTCT ca 5 ancol . (n = 1-3) Bi 21: em t chy ton 7,4 gam mt ancol A thu c 0,4 mol CO 2 v 0,5 mol H2O.Tm CTPT ca A v CTCT ca A, bit rng khi tin hnh tch nc ca A thu c 2 anken ng phn v v tr lin kt i. (C4H10O) Bi 22: A, B, C l cc ancol no, mch h. t chy hon ton 1 mol A cn 3,5 mol O2. t chy hon ton 1 mol B cn 2,5 mol O2. C c khi lng phn t bng 92 v.C. Cho 2,3 gam C tc dng ht vi K thu c 0,0375 mol H2. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, B, C. (C3H8O3; C2H6O2; C3H8O3) Bi 23: Cho mt ancol A mch h, c th no hay cha mt ni i c CTPT l CxH 10O. Ly 0,02 mol CH3OH v 0,01 mol A em trn vi 0,1 mol O 2 ri t chy hon ton hai ancol. Sau phn ng thy c O 2 d. Xc nh CTCT ca A. (C4H10O) Bi 24: Mt ancol no a chc A c cha x nguyn t C v y nhm OH trong phn t. Cho 7,6 gam ancol trn phn ng vi lng d natri thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc). a, Lp biu thc lin h gia x v y. b, Cho x = y + 1. Tm cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to A. (p s: C3H6(OH)2) Bi 25: Hn hp A cha glyxerin v mt ancol no n chc mch h. Cho 20,3 gam A tc dng vi Na d thu c 5,04 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc 8,12 gam A ho tan va ht 1,96 gam Cu(OH) 2. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to, v thnh phn % khi lng ca ancol trong hn hp A. (p s: C4H9OH = 54,68%). Bi 26: t chy hon ton ancol no A n chc thu c s mol nc bng s mol oxi em t. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. Cho 12,72 gam hn hp X gm CH 3COOH v A tc dng trong mi trng H2SO4 thu c hn hp Y cha 8,448 gam este. Nu hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 1M th cn 120 ml. Tnh hiu sut phn ng este ho. (p s: A: C2H5OH, 80%) Bi 27: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp 3 ancol n chc gm: metanol, propanol-1 v ancol khng no cha mt ni i A th thu c 7,04 gam CO 2 v 4,32 gam H2O. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to v gi tn ancol A. (p s: C3H5OH) Bi 28: Cho m gam hn hp gm C2H5OH, C3H7OH v mt ancol n chc khng no c mt ni i. Chia hn hp thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na va thu c 2,24 lt H 2(ktc). Phn 2 t chy hon ton th thu c 15,232 lt CO 2(ktc) v 14,04 gam H2O. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca ancol cha bit v tnh % khi lng mi ancol c trong hn hp. (C 2H5OH : C3H7OH : C4H7OH = 7,12:37,15:55,73%) Bi 29: Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol etylenglicol v 0,2 mol cht X. t chy ht hn hp A cn 21,28 lt O2 (ktc) v thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O. Nu cho hn hp A tc dng ht vi Na thu c 8,96 lt H2 (ktc). Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to v gi tn X. (C3H8O3) Bi 30: B l mt ancol c cha mt lin kt i trong phn t, khi lng phn t ca B nh hn 60 vC. a-Xc nh cng thc phn t ca B. b-Vit cng thc cu to, cc ng phn mch h c th c ca B v trnh by cch phn bit cc ng phn bng phng php ho hc. (B: C3H5OH) Bi 31: C mt hp cht hu c n chc Y, t chy Y ta ch thu c CO 2 v H2O vi s mol nh nhau v s mol oxi tiu tn gp 4 ln s mol ca Y. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT mch h ca Y. Bit rng : Y lm mt mu nc brom v khi hp hiro th thu c ancol n chc, cn khi phn ng vi dung dch KMnO 4 thu c ancol a chc. Vit cc PTP xy ra (ghi r iu kin). (Y: C3H5OH)
3. XC NH NHIU ANCOL. Bi 32: Cho 11 gam hn hp hai ancol no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc cng ly 11 gam hn hp hai ancol no n chc trn t chy hon ton to ra V lt kh CO2 v m gam H2O. a, Tnh V v m. b, Tm cng thc phn t ca hai ancol v thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi ancol trong hn hp. (p s: a: V = 8,92 lt, m = 12,6 gam;b: 41,82% v 38,18%) Bi 33: Cho 16,6 gam hn hp hai ancol k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca metanol phn ng vi Na d th thu c 3,36 lt hiro (ktc). Xc nh cng thc cu to v thnh phn % ca hai ancol trong hn hp . (C2H5OH v C3H7OH; 25% v 75%) Bi 34: t chy hon ton 2 ancol n chc, ng ng k tip thu c CO 2 v hi H2O theo t l th tch 7:10. 1 Chng minh hn hp cha 2 ancol no. 2 Tm cng thc phn t ca 2 ancol. (C2H5OH v C3H7OH) Bi 35: Chia hn hp X gm hai ancol n chc, hn km nhau khng qu 2 nguyn t cacbon thnh hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,0125 mol H 2. Phn 2 em t chy hon ton thu c 0,035 mol CO2 v 0,055 mol H2O. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to v % khi lng mi ancol trong hn hp X. Bi 36: Cho 3,39 gam hn hp A gm 2 ancol no n chc tc dng vi Na d sinh ra 0,672lt H2 (ktc) a) Tnh th tch CO2 v H2O sinh ra khi t chy hon ton lng ancol trn. Tnh th tch oxi cn thit cho phn ng chy ktc. b) un nng A vi H2SO4 c 1400C. Tnh khi lng ete sinh ra v xc nh khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp ete . c) Xc nh CTPT v khi lng ca mi ancol, nu chng l ng ng lin tip. (a: 3,696 lt CO 2 v 4,05g H2O, 5,544 lt O2; b: mete = 2,85g; c: C2H5OH-0,9g; C3H7OH-2,49g) Bi 37: A v B l hai ancol n chc c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong A l ancol no, B l ancol khng no c mt ni i. Hn hp X gm 3 gam A v 2,9 gam B. Cho hn hp X tc dng vi Na d sinh ra 0,05mol H2. Xc nh A, B. (C3H8O v C3H6O) Bi 38: A, B, C l 3 ancol n chc, mch h; trong A, B l hai ancol no, A c khi lng phn t nhiu B l 28 vC; C l ancol khng no, mt ni i. t chy ht mt lng hn hp 3 ancol trn cn 0,23 mol O2, thu c 0,16 mol CO2 v 0,24 mol H2O. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, C. (CH4O, C3H8O, C3H6O) Bi 39: Cho m gam hn hp gm 3 ancol n chc A, B, C. Trong A v B l cc ng ng k tip, C l ancol khng no c 1 ni i. Chia hn hp thnh 3 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi Na va thu c 5,6 lt H2(ktc). Phn 2 l mt mu va dung dch c cha 16 gam brm. t chy hon ton phn 3 th thu c 17,92 lt CO 2(ktc). Xc nh CTCT ca 3 ancol v nhn bit 3 ancol ring bit bng phng php ho hc. (CH4O, C2H6O v C3H6O) Bi 40: Th nghim 1: Trn 0,015 mol ancol no A vi 0,02 mol ancol no B ri cho hn hp tc dng vi Na d thu c 1,008 lt H2(ktc). Th nghim 2: Trn 0,02 mol ancol A vi 0,015 mol ancol B ri cho hn hp tc dng ht vi Na c 0,9952 lt kh H2 (ktc). Th nghim 3: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp ancol nh trong th nghim 1 ri cho tt c sn phm chy i qua bnh ng CaO mi nung, d thy khi lng bnh tng thm 6,21 gam. a. Tm cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ancol . b. Cho mt lng hn hp ancol nh th nghim 2 tham gia phn ng este ho vi 6 gam axit axetic. Tnh khi lng mi este thu c gi s phn ng este ho c hiu sut l 100%. (p s: a: etilenglicol v glixerol; b: 2,92 gam v 3,27 gam.) Ancol Ete Bi 41: un nng mt hn hp gm 2 ancol no, n chc vi H2SO4 c 140o C thu c 21,6 gam H2O v 72gam hn hp 3 te c s mol bng nhau. Tm CTPT cc ancol, bit hiu sut cc phn ng bng
100% v khi tch nc ca hn hp 2 ancol ny 1800C c xc tc H2SO4 c th ch thu c 1 olefin. (C3H8O) Bi 42: un nng hn hp hai ancol mch h vi H 2SO4 c c hn hp cc ete. Ly X l mt trong cc ete em t chy hon ton ta c t l v s mol ca cc cht nh sau: X : O2 : CO2 : H2O = 0,25 : 1,375 : 1 : 1 Mt khc khi cho axit A l ng ng ca axit oxalic tc dng vi mt trong hai ancol trn khi c mt H2SO4 c lm xc tc thu c este B. x phng ho hon ton 8,7 gam este B cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M. Tm cng thc cu to ca 2 ancol v axit A. (p s: Ancol: CH 3OH v C3H5OH, axit: C4H8(COOH)2). Bi 43: un nng 16,6 gam hn hp A gm 3 ancol no n chc: AOH, BOH, ROH vi H 2SO4 c 1400C ta thu c 13,9 gam hn hp 6 ete c s mol bng nhau. Mt khc nu un nng hn hp A vi H2SO4 c 1800C th thu c hn hp kh ch gm hai olefin l ng ng lin tip. a. Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca cc ancol bit hiu sut phn ng l 100%. b. Tnh % theo khi lng ca mi ancol trong hn hp A. c. Tnh % theo th tch ca mi olefin trong hn hp ca chng.
C. H THNG CU HI TRC NGHIM.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Hp cht CH3CH2CH(Cl)CH3 l dn xut halogen bc A. 1 B. 2. C. 3 D. 4. Khi thc hin phn ng th clo vo isobutan, s sn phm iclo ti a c th thu c l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4 Khi tch hiroclorua t cc ng phn ca C4H9Cl th thu c ti a bao nhiu ng phn cu to ca anken ? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5 Hp cht no di y c dng tng hp ra PVC ? A. CH2=CHCH2Cl B. CH2=CHBr C. C6H5Cl D. CH2=CHCl X l dn xut clo ca metan, trong phn t X clo chim 83,52% khi lng. Cng thc ca X l A. CH3Cl B. CH2Cl2 C. CHCl3 D. CCl4 Cho 3 cht : CH3CH2CH2Cl (1); CH2=CHCH2Cl (2) v Phenyl clorua (3). un tng cht vi dung dch NaOH d, sau gn ly lp nc v axit ho bng dung dch HNO 3, sau nh vo dung dch AgNO3 th cc cht c xut hin kt ta trng l A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3) C. (2), (3) D. (1), (2), (3) Khi cho cht A c cng thc phn t C 3H5Br3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c cht hu c X c phn ng vi Na v phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH2Br-CHBr-CH2Br. B. CH2Br-CH2-CHBr2. C. CH2Br-CBr2-CH3. D. CH3CH2-CBr3. Theo danh php IUPAC, hp cht HOCH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2 c tn gi l A. 4-metylpentan-2-ol. B. 2-metylpentan-2-ol. C. 4,4-imetylbutan-2-ol. D. 1,3-imetylbutan-1-ol. C tt c bao nhiu ng phn ancol bn c cng thc phn t dng C3H8Ox ? A. 2. B. 3. C. 5 D. 4. Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C4H10O. S lng cc ng phn ca X c phn ng vi CuO, un nng l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 7. ng vi cng thc phn t C4H10O2 c bao nhiu ng phn, bn c th ho tan c Cu(OH)2 ? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. C bao nhiu ng phn ancol bc 2 c cng cng thc phn t C5H12O ? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 C bao nhiu ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C5H12O khi oxi ha bng CuO (to) to sn phm c phn ng trng gng ? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Ch dng cc cht no di y c th phn bit hai ancol ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C3H7OH ? A. CuO, dung dch AgNO3/NH3 B. Na, H2SO4 c
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C. Na, dung dch AgNO3/NH3 D. Na v CuO o Cho cc thuc th sau: Na, CuO (t ), AgNO3/NH3, qu tm. S thuc th c th dng phn bit hai ng phn khc chc c cng thc phn t C3H8O l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4 phn bit ancol etylic nguyn cht v ancol etylic c ln nc, ngi ta dng thuc th l cht no sau y ? A. CuSO4 khan. B. Na kim loi. C. Benzen. D. CuO. Cht hu c X mch h, bn c ng phn cis- trans c cng thc phn t C4H8O, X lm mt mu dung dch Br2 v tc dng vi Na gii phng kh H2. X ng vi cng thc phn t no sau y ? A. CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-OH B. CH3-CH=CH-CH2-OH C. CH2=C(CH3)-CH2-OH D. CH3-CH2-CH=CH-OH Ho tan 70,2 gam C2H5OH (D=0,78 gam/ml) vo nc c 100 ml dung dch c ancol bng A. 29,50. B. 39,50. C. 900. D. 960. Ancol no, a chc X c cng thc n gin nht l C2H5O. X c cng thc phn t no sau y ? A. C2H5O B. C4H10O2. C. C6H15O3 D. C8H20O4 Chiu gim dn linh ng ca nguyn t H (t tri qua phi) trong nhm OH ca ba hp cht C6H5OH, C2H5OH, H2O l A. HOH, C6H5OH, C2H5OH. B. C6H5OH, HOH, C2H5OH. C. C2H5OH, C6H5OH, HOH. D. C2H5OH, HOH, C6H5OH. Cho dung dch cc cht sau: (a) H2SO4 long; (b) HCl long; (c) HNO3 m c; (d) HBr c, bc khi. Cc dung dch c phn ng vi CH3-CH2-CH2-OH l A. a, b, c. C. c, d. B. b, c. D. b, d. Khi un nng CH3CH2CHOHCH3 vi H2SO4 c, 180oC th s ng phn cu to v hnh hc thu c l A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. H2SO4 c +NaOH +NaOH + Br2 + HCl Y Z K Cho s phn ng sau : But-1-en X T to 180o C to Bit X, Y, Z, T, K u l sn phm chnh ca tng giai on. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca K l A. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3. B. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3. C. CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2OH. D. CH2(OH)CH2CH2CH2OH. H2SO4 ,1700 C H2O (H2SO4lo ng) Cho dy chuyn ha sau : CH3CH2CH2OH X Y Bit X, Y l sn phm chnh. Vy cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l A. CH3CH=CH2, CH3CH2CH2OH. B. CH3CH=CH2, CH3CH2CH2OSO3H. C. CH3CH=CH2, CH3CH(OH)CH3. D. C3H7OC3H7, CH3CH2CH2OSO3H. Cho Na tc dng vi etanol d sau chng ct ui ht etanol d ri nc vo cht rn cn li trong bnh, sau thm vo bnh vi git dung dch qu tm thy dung dch A. c mu xanh. B. khng mu. C. c mu . D. c mu tm. un nng hn hp 3 ancol no, n chc, mch h vi H 2SO4 c nhit thch hp th c th thu c ti a bao nhiu ete ? A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. H2SO4 c,1700 C Br2 (dd) Cho dy chuyn ha sau : CH3CH2CHOHCH3 E F Bit E, F l sn phm chnh, cc cht phn ng vi nhau theo t l 1 :1 v s mol. Cng thc cu to th gn ca F l A. CH3CH2CHBrCH2Br B. CH3CHBrCHBrCH3 C. CH3CH2CBr2CH3 D. CH2BrCH2CH=CH2 A l hp cht hu c c cng thc phn t C 4H10O. Bit: Khi oxi ho A bng CuO ( t0), thu c anehit. Khi cho anken to thnh t A hp nc (H+, t0) th cho mt ancol bc 1 v mt ancol bc 3. Tn gi ca A l: A. Butan-1-ol. B. Butan-2-ol. C. 2-metylpropan-2-ol. D. 2metylpropan-1-ol. Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C 4H10O thu c ti a ba anken l ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3. B. CH3OCH2CH2CH3. C. (CH3)3COH. D. CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH.
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Cht X c cng thc phn t C 4H10O. Khi oxi ho X bng CuO (to) th thu c cht hu c Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Mt khc khi cho anken to ra t X hp nc (H+, to) th cho mt ancol bc 1 v mt ancol bc 2. X c cng thc cu to no di y A. Butan-1-ol. B. Butan-2-ol. C. 2-metylpropan-2-ol. D. 2metylpropan-1-ol. Cht hu c X cha cc nguyn t C, H, O. Cho X tc dng vi H2 d c mt Ni, un nng, thu c cht hu c Y. un Y vi H2SO4 c 170oC thu c cht hu c Z. Trng hp Z thu c poliisobutilen. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH2=CH-CH(CH3)-OH. B. CH2=C(CH3)-CH2-OH. C. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-OH. D. CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-OH. un nng 2,3-imetylpentan-2-ol vi H2SO4 c, 170oC, thu c sn phm chnh l A. CH2=CHCH(CH3)CH(CH3)2 B. CH3-CH=C(CH3)CH(CH3)2 C. C2H5CH(CH3)C(CH3)=CH2 D. (CH3)2C=C(CH3)CH2CH3 Cho cc cht sau: C2H5Cl ; CH3OCH3 ; C3H7OH ; C2H5OH. Cht c nhit si cao nht l A. C2H5Cl. B. CH3OCH3. C. C3H7OH D. C2H5OH. Khi oxi ha ancol A bng CuO, t0, thu c anehit B, vy ancol A l A. ancol bc 1. B. ancol bc 2. C. ancol bc 1 hoc ancol bc 2. D. ancol bc 3. Khi cho 2,2-imetylpropanol tc dng vi HCl thu c sn phm chnh l cht no sau y ? A. 1-clo-2,2-imetylpropan B. 3-clo-2,2-imetylpropan C. 2-clo-3-metylbutan D. 2-clo-2-metylbutan Mt ancol n chc X mch h tc dng vi HBr c dn sut Y cha 58,4% Br v khi lng. un X vi H2SO4 m c 180oC thu c 3 anken. Tn gi ca X l A. Butan-1-ol. B. Pentan-1-ol . C. Butan-2-ol. D. 2-metylpropan-1-ol. Trong cng nghip, sn xut etanol ngi ta A. hirat ha etilen vi xc tc H3PO4/SiO2 (to, p). B. chng khan g. C. i t dn xut halogen bng phn ng vi dung dch kim. D. thy phn este trong mi trng kim. Cho cc ancol sau : CH3-CH2-CH2-OH (1) CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 (2) CH3-CH2(OH)-CH2-CH3 (3) CH3-CH(OH)-C(CH3)3 (4) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH (5) CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-CH3 (6) Dy gm cc ancol khi tch nc ch cho 1 olefin duy nht l A.(1), (2), (5). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (2), (4), (5), (6). D. (2), (3), (6). Nhng pht biu no di y lun ng ? (1) : Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c vng benzen v nhm OH (2) : Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c cha nhm -OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon ca vng benzen. (3) : Phenol tan v hn trong nc lnh. (4) : Phenol tan v hn trong nc 660C. (5) : Phenol tan c trong etanol (6) : Phenol khng tan c trong axeton A.(2), (4), (6). B. (2), (4), (5). C. (1), (2), (4), (5). D. (3), (5), (6). Nhng pht biu no di y lun ng ? (1) : Phenol l mt axit nhng lc axit yu hn axit cacbonic. (2) : Dung dch phenol lm qu tm ho . (3) : Khc vi benzen, phenol c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br2. (4) : Phenol ch tc dng vi NaOH, khng tc dng vi Na. A.(1), (3). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (3), (4). D. (2), (3). Etanol v phenol ng thi phn ng c vi A. Na, CH3COOH. B. Na. C. Na, NaOH. D. Na, dung dch Br2. + NaOH + Cl 2 (1:1) + CO 2 d + H 2 O X Cho dy chuyn ho sau : Benzen Y Z p, t o Fe, t o Z l hp cht no di y A. C6H5OH B. C6H5CO3H C. Na2CO3 D. C6H5ONa. C bao nhiu ng phn cu to l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t C 6H6O2 c th tc dng vi
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NaOH theo t l mol 1 : 2 ? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4. A l hp cht thm tc dng vi Na nhng khng tc dng vi NaOH. A l cht no trong s cc cht cho di y ? A. C6H5OCH3 B. p-CH3C6H4OH C. HOCH2C6H4OH D. C6H5CH2OH. C bao nhiu ng phn l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t C 8H10O tc dng c vi Na, khng tc dng vi NaOH ? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 C bao nhiu ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C 8H10O (l dn xut ca benzen) khng tc dng vi NaOH, cn khi tch nc thu c sn phm c th trng hp to polime. A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. + Cl 2 (1:1) + NaOH + CuO X Z Cho dy chuyn ho sau: C6H5CH3 Y as t0 t0 Cht Z c cng thc l A. C6H5CH2OH B. C6H5CHO C. C6H5OCH3 D. HOC6H4CH3 X l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t C7H8O. S ng phn ca X c phn ng vi NaOH l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Hin tng th nghim no di y c m t khng ng ? A. Cho dung dch Br2 vo dung dch phenol, xut hin kt ta trng B. Cho qu tm vo dung dch phenol, qu chuyn sang mu C. Cho phenol vo dung dch NaOH, ban u phn lp, sau to dung dch ng nht. D. Dn dng kh CO2 i vo dung dch natri phenolat thy xut hin vn c Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na. B. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH. C. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH. D. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH. C th dng thuc th no di y phn bit stiren, ancol benzylic v phenol ? A. Dung dch NaOH. B. Qu tm. C. Na. D. Dung dch Br2. C 3 cht lng khng mu ng trong cc l mt nhn : ancol etylic, phenol, axit fomic. nhn bit 3 dung dch trn c th dng thuc th no ? A. Qu tm v dung dch NaOH. B. Dung dch NaHCO3 v Na. C. Qu tm v dung dch NaHCO3. D. Cu(OH)2 v Na. un nng 3,57 gam hn hp A gm propyl clorua v phenyl clorua. vi dung dch NaOH long, va , sau thm tip dung dch AgNO 3 n d vo hn hp sau phn ng thu c 2,87 gam kt ta. Khi lng phenyl clorua c trong hn hp A l A. 1,0 gam. B. 1,57 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 2,57 gam. Cho 10,15 gam hn hp X gm CH2=CHCH2Cl, C6H5CH2Cl tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng. Kt thc th nghim thu c 5,85 gam mui. Tng khi lng cc ancol thu c l A. 8,3 gam B. 14,15 gam C. 20,0 gam D. 5,40 gam un nng ancol no mch h X vi hn hp KBr v H 2SO4 c (ly d) thu c cht hu c Y (cha C, H, Br). Bit 12,3 gam Y c th tch bng th tch ca 2,8 gam N 2 cng iu kin. X c cng thc cu to l A. CH3OH. B. C2H5OH. C. CH3CH(OH)CH3. D. CH2=CHCH2OH. un si hn hp gm C2H5Br v KOH d trong C2H5OH, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, dn kh sinh ra qua dung dch brom d, thy c 8,0 gam Br2 tham gia phn ng. Khi lng C2H5Br em phn ng l A. 1,40 gam B. 2,725 gam C. 5,450 gam D. 10,90 gam un nng mt ancol no, n chc, mch h X vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c ete Y c t khi hi so vi X bng 1,7. X tc dng vi CuO to sn phm c phn ng trng gng. Tn gi ca X l A. metanol. B. etanol. C. propan-1-ol. D. propan-2-ol. un nng 27,40 gam CH3CHBrCH2CH3 vi KOH d trong C2H5OH, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh X gm hai olefin trong sn phm chnh chim 80%, sn phm ph chim 20%. t chy hon ton X thu c bao nhiu lt CO2 (ktc) ? A. 4,48 lt B. 8,96 lt C. 11,20 lt D. 17,92 lt
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un nng m1 gam ancol no, n chc X vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c m2 gam cht hu c Y. T khi hi ca Y so vi X bng 0,7. Hiu sut ca phn ng t 100%. X c cng thc phn t l A. C2H5OH. B. C3H7OH. C. C4H9OH. D. C5H11OH. un nng ancol no, n chc A vi hn hp KBr v H2SO4 c thu c cht hu c Y (cha C, H, Br), trong Br chim 73,4% v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. CH3OH. B. C2H5OH. C. C3H7OH. D. C4H9OH. un nng m1 gam ancol no, n chc, mch h A vi H2SO4 c nhit thch hp thu c m 2 gam cht hu c B. T khi hi ca B so vi A bng 1,4375. Hiu sut ca phn ng t 100%. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. CH3OH. B. C2H5OH. C. C3H7OH. D. C4H9OH. un hn hp X gm 2 ancol A, B no, n chc, l ng ng k tip nhau vi H 2SO4 c 170oC thu c hn hp 2 olefin c t khi so vi X bng 0,66. X l hn hp 2 ancol no di y ? A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH un 132,8 gam hn hp 3 ancol no, n chc vi H2SO4 c 1400C thu c hn hp cc ete c s mol bng nhau v c khi lng l 111,2 gam. S mol ca mi ete trong hn hp l gi tr no sau y ? A. 0,1 mol B. 0,2 mol C. 0,3 mol D. 0,4 mol Tch nc hon ton t hn hp X gm 2 ancol A v B l ng ng ta c hn hp Y gm cc olefin. t chy hon ton X th thu c 1,76 gam CO 2. Khi t chy hon ton Y th tng khi lng nc v CO 2 to ra l A. 2,94 gam. B. 2,48 gam. C. 1,76 gam. D. 2,76 gam. Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH. D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. A, B l hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho hn hp gm 1,6 gam A v 2,3 gam B tc dng ht vi Na thu c 1,12 lt H2 ( ktc). A, B c cng thc phn t ln lt l A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C2H5OH, C3H7OH. C. C3H7OH, C4H9OH. D. C4H9OH, C5H11OH. Cho 2,840 gam hn hp X gm hai ancol n chc A, B tc dng va vi Na. Sau phn ng thu c 4,60 gam cht rn v bao nhiu lt H2 ( ktc) ? A. 2,240 lt B. 1,120 lt C. 1,792 lt D. 0,896 lt Hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng, phn t ca chng ch c mt loi nhm chc. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. - Phn 1 : em t chy hon ton ri cho ton b sn phm chy (ch c CO 2 v hi H2O) ln lt qua bnh (1) ng dung dch H2SO4 c, bnh (2) ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thy khi lng bnh (1) tng 2,16 gam, bnh (2) c 7,0 gam kt ta. - Phn 2 : cho tc dng ht vi Na d th th tch kh H2 (ktc) thu c l bao nhiu ? A. 2,24 lt. B. 0,224 lt. C. 0,56 lt. D. 1,12 lt. Cho 15,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc l ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi Na va , sau phn ng thu c 21,8 gam cht rn. Cng thc phn t ca hai ancol l A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH. D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. Ancol X mch h, c s nguyn t cacbon bng s nhm chc. Cho 9,3 gam ancol X tc dng vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt kh. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH3OH. B. CH2OHCHOHCH2OH. C. CH2OHCH2OH.D. C2H5OH. Cho 18,8 gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi Na d, to ra 5,6 lt kh H2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca hai ancol l A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. C. C4H9OH v C5H11OH. D. CH3OH v C2H5OH. Cho 15,20 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc tc dng vi Na va , sau phn ng thu c 21,80 gam cht rn v bao nhiu lt H2 (ktc) ? A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48 lt Cho 9,20 gam hn hp ancol propylic v ancol n chc B tc dng vi Na d, sau phn ng thu
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80.
81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87.
c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). B l ancol no di y ? A. CH3OH B. C2H5OH C. CH3CH(CH3)OH D. C3H5OH Cho m gam mt ancol (ancol) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi i vi hiro l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l A. 0,32. B. 0,46. C. 0,64. D. 0,92. 0 Ln men nc qu nho thu c 100,0 lt ancol vang 10 (bit hiu sut phn ng ln men t 95,0% v ancol etylic nguyn cht c khi lng ring l 0,8 g/ml). Gi thit trong nc qu nho ch c mt loi ng l glucoz. Khi lng glucoz c trong lng nc qu nho dng l A. 20,595 kg. B. 19,565 kg. C. 16,476 kg. D. 15,652 kg. Cho m gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,448 lt H 2 (ktc). t chy hon ton m gam X thu c 2,240 lt CO 2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca hai ancol l A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH. D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. Hn hp M gm 2 cht hu c X, Y k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng, phn t ca chng ch c mt loi nhm chc. t chy hon ton hn hp M, cho ton b sn phm chy (ch c CO 2 v hi H2O) vo dung dch nc vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh tng 5,24 gam v to ra 7 gam cht kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y l A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. HCOOH v CH3COOH. C. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. D. C2H4(OH)2 v HO-CH2-CH(OH)- CH3. t chy hon ton m (g) hn hp X gm hai ancol A v B thuc cng dy ng ng thu c 6,72 lt CO2 v 7,65 gam H2O. Mt khc khi cho m (g) hn hp X tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,8 lt H2. Bit t khi hi ca mi cht so vi hiro u nh hn 40, cc th tch kh o ktc. A v B c cng thc phn t ln lt l A. C2H6O, CH4O. B. C2H6O, C3H8O. C. C2H6O2, C3H8O2 D. C3H6O, C4H8O. Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v ancol no, n chc A. Cho 7,6 gam X tc dng vi Na d thu c 1,68 lt H2 (ktc), mt khc oxi ha hon ton 7,6 gam X bng CuO (t0) ri cho ton b sn phm thu c tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. C2H5OH.B. CH3CH2CH2OH. C. CH3CH(CH3)OH. D. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH. Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v mt ancol no, n chc A, mch h. Cho 2,76 gam X tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,672 lt H 2 (ktc), mt khc oxi ha hon ton 2,76 gam X bng CuO (t 0) thu c hn hp anehit. Cho ton b lng anehit ny tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 19,44 gam cht kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca A l A. C2H5OH.B. CH3CH2CH2OH. C. CH3CH(CH3)OH. D. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH. t chy hon ton ancol n chc A thu c 13,2 gam CO 2 v 8,1 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca A l cng thc no sau y ? A. CH3OH B. C2H5OH C. C3H7OH D. C3H5OH t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol A v B thuc dy ng ng ca ancol metylic ngi ta thu c 70,4 gam CO2 v 39,6 gam H2O. Vy m c gi tr no sau y ? A. 3,32 gam B. 33,2 gam C. 16,6 gam D. 24,9 gam Ha hi hon ton 2,48 gam mt ancol no, mch h X thu c th tch hi bng th tch ca 1,12 gam kh N2 ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8O3. B. C2H6O. C. C2H6O2. D. C3H8O. Khi oxi ha 6,9 gam ancol etylic bng CuO (t o) vi hiu sut phn ng t 80% th lng anehit axetic thu c l A. 3,68 gam B. 5,28 gam C. 6,6 gam D. 8,25 gam t chy hon ton ancol n chc A thu c 4,4 gam CO 2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. CH3OH. B. C2H5OH. C. C3H5OH. D. C3H7OH. X l ancol no, a chc, mch h. Khi t chy hon ton 1,0 mol X cn 2,5 mol O 2. Vy cng thc ca X l A. C3H6(OH)2. B. C3H5(OH)3. C. C4H7(OH)3. D. C2H4(OH)2. X l mt ancol no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn 5,6 gam oxi, thu c hi nc v 6,6 gam CO2. Cng thc ca X l
88.
A. C2H4(OH)2. B. C3H7OH. C. C3H5(OH)3. D. C3H6(OH)2. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c X l dn xut ca benzen, khi lng CO 2 thu c nh hn 35,2 gam. Bit rng, 1 mol X ch tc dng c vi 1 mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. C2H5C6H4OH. B. HOC6H4CH2OH. C. HOCH2C6H4COOH. D. C6H4(OH)2.

Cac Dang Toan Huu Co Tong Hop 11NC

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Cac Dang Toan Huu Co Tong Hop 11NC

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TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA) Ti liu gm:Bi tp: hidrocacbon no,khng no,thm;

BI TP I CNG HA HC HU C Kin thc cn nh:

- Tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc nguyn t: m .100% %C = C a 2. nh lng N:

%O = 100% - (%C + %H + %N)

P: p sut (atm) V: Th tch (lt) R 0,082

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

ngoi vng benzen.

II. MT S CH TRONG TON HIROCACBON:

Suy lun: mhn hp = mC + mH =

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

+ S nguyn t C trung binh:

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

III. CC DNG TON HIROCACBON

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

Dd Br2 Dd Br2 Dd KMnO4

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

t R CH2 OH + CuO R CH = O + Cu + H2O R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3

t R CH2OH R + CuO R CO R + Cu + H2O

CH OH + Cu(OH)2 + HO CH CH O Cu O CH + 2H2O CH2 OH HO CH2

(ke t tu a tra ng)

AgNO3 trong NH3

Ag R CH = O + 2Ag[(NH3)2]OH R COONH4 + 2Ag + H2O + 3NH3

Qu tm Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 NaOH, t0 AgNO3 NH3

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

CH 2 : Xc nh CTPT CTCT ca hidrocacbon Dng 1:Hn hp hidrocacbon cng dy ng ng k tip

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRC NGHIM: DN XUT HALOGEN ANCOL- PHENOL

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

B. 1,1 imetyletan-1-ol D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol B.

OH CH3 - C - CH3 CH3

CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH2 -OH CH3

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

D. CH2 = C - CH2 - CH3 OH

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

C. C6H5OH + NaOH D. C6H5OH + Na

CHNG: HIDROCACBON THM

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

dy ng ng: A. Anehit hai chc no. C. anehit khng no, n chc.

thnh ca phn ng este l: A. 16 sn phm.

B. 17 sn phm. Cu 26. Cho s phn ng sau:

H2 d O2 ,xt CuO,t X Y Z a xit isobutiric . Ni,t0

TRN NGC TY - A8 - THPT NGYN THI HC (DIN KHNH KHNH HA)

3) tng nng axit (hay ancol).