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LI M U Vn nhim asen trong cc ngun nc c s dng vo mc ch n ung cho dn c ang ngy cng tr nn trm trng. y ban kinh t x hi Chu Thi Bnh Dng (gi tt l ESCAP) phi hp vi T chc Y T Th Gii (WHO) v Qu Nhi ng Lin Hip Quc (UNICEF) nm 2001 phi triu tp khn cp mt cuc hp chuyn vi tn gi a cht v sc khe: Gii quyt cuc khng hong asen ti khu vc Chu Thi Bnh Dng c t chc ti Bangkok Thi Lan. Theo s liu bo co, ti Bangladesh (mt quc gia ng u v s lng ging khoan bm tay ca khu vc Chu ) t nm 1983 s nhim c nc ging do asen c khng nh. Cho n nm 2001 c tnh c khong 150 triu ngi Ty Bengal v Bangladesh c nguy c b nhim c asen do ngun nc [24]. T chc Y T Th Gii m t s kin ny l mt thm ha mi trng ln nht t trc ti nay. Nc ta c cu to a tng ging nh Bangladesh c bit l lu vc ng bng sng Hng [18] v ng bng sng Cu Long. Theo bo co ca Qu Nhi ng Lin Hip Quc c a ra ti bui ta m X l arsen gia nh do T Chc Y T Th Gii, Cc Y T D Phng v Mi trng (B Y T) v Vin Y hc Lao ng & V sinh Mi trng t chc ti H Ni cho thy nhim asen trong nc ngm H Ni l nghim trng v tnh hnh c chiu hng ngy cng xu. Theo mt kho st gn y ca Vin Y hc Lao ng & V Sinh Mi trng xc nh c mt s trng hp nhim c asen giai on u. Ti khu vc ng bng sng Cu Long, theo mt s nghin cu ca Vin V sinh Y t Cng cng TP. H Ch Minh cng cho thy cc ging nc ngm An Giang, ng Thp, Long An v Kin Giang c hm lng asen rt cao (c ni vt hng trm ln tiu chun cho php ca WHO v quyt nh 1329/2002/Q-BYT ca B Y T). c bit l huyn An Ph tnh An Giang vi 97,30% ging khoan c kho st b nhim asen vt mc 100 ppb (253 mu trn tng s 260 mu kho st)[10].

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Do , vic nh gi mc phi nhim asen trn i b phn dn c sinh sng ti khu vc ng Bng Sng Cu Long c s dng ging nc ngm b nhim l ht sc cn thit v cp bch, t rt ra nhng lun c v tnh hnh bnh tt nhm c nhng gii php c th kp thi nhm tng cng bo v v chm sc sc kho cho dn c sng trong vng c nhim asen. tng ca lun vn bt ngun t nhu cu thc t trn ng thi vi nhng gi trc [7],[8],[25],[28],[29] cho thy rng phng php k0 INAA c nhiu u im hn HG - AAS trong phn tch mu mi trng v mu sinh hc dng rn v khng cn qui trnh x l mu phc tp. Mt im li na ca phng php k0 INAA l c th phn tch a nguyn t trong cc i tng mu mi trng v mu sinh hc cng lc. Ngc li trong phn tch nhng mu mi trng v mu sinh hc dng lng th phng php INAA c nhng nhc im nht nh. Do gii quyt bi ton nhim mi trng bi nhiu kim loi c t nhiu ngun gc khc nhau cng nh hng n sc kho nu ch s dng n thun mt phng php phn tch nh lng chc chn s gp khng t kh khn v kh kim tra chnh xc. Do vy ti ny cng lc s dng hai phng php ng thi trong mt bi ton c th cho nghin cu bnh nhim c asen vi mong mun tm hiu tnh ph hp v kh thi khi s dng hai phng php cng lc. Chnh t nhng gi , mc tiu ca lun vn t ra l: - Kho st hin trng nhim asen trong nc ngm ti huyn An Ph v Tri Tn tnh An Giang. - Phn tch asen trong tc v nc tiu trong cng ng dn c ti hai huyn Tri Tn v An Ph tnh An Giang bng phng php Quang ph Hp th Nguyn t kt hp Hydrua Ha (Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry HG AAS ). T phn tch mi lin quan gia hin trng nhim asen trong nc ngm nh hng ln sc kho dn c c s dng nc ngm. - Nghin cu p dng phng php chun ha k-zero ca phn tch kch hot neutron dng c (k0-standardization method of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis k0 INAA) phn tch th nghim mu tc trn i tng dn c c s

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dng nc ngm ti hai huyn An Ph v Tri Tn tnh An Giang. T so snh kt qu nh lng asen trong mu tc bng phng php k0 INAA vi phng php HG AAS xem xt kh nng s dng phng php k0 INAA ng hnh cng phng php HG AAS trong nghin cu bnh nhim c asen c lin quan n ngun nc hay khng. Lun vn s c trnh by theo 6 chng: Chng 1. i cng v asen: trnh by s lc v cc tnh cht l ha c bn ca asen, cc dng hp cht m n tn ti cng nh s phn b ca n trong mt s mi trng t, nc, khng kh v sinh vt. Chng 2. nh hng ca asen n sc kho con ngi, cc bnh nhim c asen v cch chn on: trnh by s lc cc c tnh ca asen, qu trnh hp th v chuyn ha asen ngi, cc bnh nhim c asen mn tnh thng gp cng nh cch chn on bnh nhim c asen. Chng 3. Gii thiu mt s phng php xc nh asen: trnh by mt s phng php nh lng asen nh phng php trc quang, phng php pht hin nhanh, phng php HG AAS v NAA trong s trnh by c th phng php NAA v cc phng php chun ha trong NAA. Chng 4. Ni dung, thit k nghin cu v kt qu kho st hin trng nhim asen trong nc ngm: trnh by thit k nghin cu, la chn i tng nghin cu, qui nh c mu nghin cu, cch thu thp mu dng trong nghin cu v m hnh nghin cu, trong chng ny c trnh by kt qu iu tra kho st hin trng nhim asen trong ngun nc v cc thng tin v i tng nghin cu. Chng 5. nh lng asen trong nc tiu v tc bng phng php HG AAS, mi lin quan gia nng asen trong tc v nc tiu vi nng asen trong nc ngm: trnh by qui trnh x l mu tc, mu nc tiu v nh lng asen bng phng php HG AAS. T kt qu c c s phn tch cc mi lin quan gia nng asen trong tc v nc tiu vi nng asen trong nc.

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Chng 6. nh lng asen trong tc bng phng php k0 INAA trn l phn ng ht nhn Lt: trnh by cc k thut trong phng php k0 INAA t khu chun b mu, chiu, o, hiu chun h ph k gamma, x l ph, t kt qu nh lng c s tin hnh nh gi phng php k0 INAA trong nh lng asen trn mu tc, ng thi so snh kt qu vi phng php HG AAS. Phn kt lun: S tm tt cc vic chnh lun vn thc hin, nhng kt qu thu c t lun vn ng thi nu ra nhng mt hn ch m lun vn cn thiu st. Phn kin ngh: Da trn cc kt qu thu c t lun vn s a ra nhng kin ngh cn thc hin tip theo.