Cu tng thut (Reported Speech) a/ nh ngha : Cu tng thut (hay cn gi l cu ni gin tip) l cch ni m ta dng tng thut hay

y k li cho ai nghe nhng g ngi khc ni hoc ang ni. b/ Cch chuyn t cu ni trc tip sang cu tng thut : Ty theo 4 dng cu ni m ngi ta c cch chuyn khc nhau. + Trng hp cu ni trc tip l cu pht biu (Statements) CCH CHUYN : _ Lp li ng t gii thiu SAY hoc chuyn sang TELL, nu SAY c th b tc t gin tip ( dng SAY TO + Object ) _ Dng lin t THAT thay cho du hai chm ( , sau b du ngoc kp _ Chuyn i t nhn xng v tnh t s hu , nu cn thit ty theo ngha ca cu V d : I ---> He/She ; me---> his , her Nu ng t gii thiu tn cu ni trc tip dng qu kh th khi chuyn sang cu tng thut , ng t trong cu tng thut c thay i theo quy lut sau : CCH NI TRC TIP 1.Hin ti n (Simple Present) 2.Hin ti tip din (Present Continuous) 3.Hin ti hon thnh (Present Perfect) 4.Qu kh n ( Simple Past) 5.Qu kh tip din (Past Continuous) 6.Tng lai n (Simple Future) 7.Tng lai hon thnh (Future Perfect) 8.iu kin hin ti ( Present Conditional) CU TNG THUT 1.Qu kh n (Simple Past) 2.Qu kh tip din (Past Continuous) 3.Qu kh hon thnh (Past Perfect) 4.Qu kh hon thnh (Past Perfect) 5.Qu kh hon thnh tip din ( Past perfect Continuous) 6.Tng lai qu kh ( Future in the past : Would + V) 7. iu kin hon thnh ( Perfect Conditional ) 8. iu kin hon thnh ( Perfect Conditional ) Ty theo s m chuyn i : 1--1 , 2---2 ,...... * Lu : Qu kh hon thnh (Past Perfect ) , v iu kin hon thnh ( Perfect Conditional) vn ko i. _ Chuyn trng t ch ni chn v thi gian theo quy lut Ch : Mu nu l dng cho Cu ni trc tip mu l cu tng thut This ----> That These ---- > Those Now ----> Then Here ----> There Today ----> That day Tomorrow ---> The next day / The following day / The day after Yesterday ----> The day before / The previous day Next week , month year ----> The following week / month / Year Last night / week / month /year -----> The night/week / year before hoc the previous night/ week / month / year Tonight ----> that night Ago ----> earlier / Before ( Ex : 2 days ago ----> 2 days before / earlier )

_ Cc ng t ca mnh chnh trong cu tng thut l : SAY , TELL , ANNOUNCE , INFORM , DECLARE , ASURE , REMARK , DENY..... Ex : He said : "I want to go to see An tomorrow" => he said that he wanted to go to see An the next day ( Anh y ni rng anh ta mun i thm An ngy hm sau ) + Ch : _Sau ng t TELL bao gi cng phi c 1 b tc t trc tip ( TELL + Object) Ex : An said to me : " I will buy a car" => An told me that he would buy a new car ( An bo ti rng anh ta mun mua 1 chic xe mi ) _ Trong cu tng thut , THAT c th c b i Ex : She said : "I have worked here for one year" => She said ( that ) she had worked there for one year ( C y ni c y lm vic c 1 nm ) Thng th dng THAT s hay hn _ Trong cu tng thut , ng t khim khuyt MUST thng c chuyn thnh HAD TO , NEEDN'T chuyn thnh DID NOT HAVE TO , nhng MT , SHOULD , SHOULDN'T khi ch s cm on , li khun vn c gi nguyn VD : 1. His father said to him : "You must study harder" => Hisfather told him that he had to study harder ( B cu ta bo rng cu ta phi hc chm hn ) 2. Hoa said :"You needn't water the flowers because it rained last night" => Hoa said that he didn't have to water the flowers because it had rained the day before (Hoa ni rng anh y ko cn phi ti hoa v ma vo ti hm trc) 3. The doctor said to Nam : "You should stay in bed" => The doctor told Nam that he should stay in bed ( V bc s bo Nam rng cu ta nn trn ging) _ Nu cu ni trc tip din t 1 s tht hin nhin th khi chuyn sang cu tng thut ng t vn ko i . Ex : The professor said : "The moon revolves around the earth" => The professor said that the moon revolves around the earth ( V gio s ni rng mt trng quay xung quanh tri t) _ Nu ng t gii thiu trong cu ni trc tip th hin ti hoc tng lai ( SAY/WILL SAY , HAVE SAID ...) th ng t trong cu tng thut v cc trng t ch thi gian v ni chn khi c i sang vn ko i Ex : She says : "The train will leave here in 5 minutes" => She says that the train will leave there in 5 minutes _ Vi cch chuyn i t nhn xng v tnh t s hu t cu ni trc tip sang cu tng thut . CU NI TRC TIP I We Me / You Us Mine Ours My Our Myself CU NI TNG THUT

He /She They Him /Her Them His / Hers Theirs His / Her Their Himself / herself + Trng hp cu ni trc tip l cu hi (Questions) : Cch chuyn _ i ng t gii thiu SAY thnh ASK ( hoc WONDER , WANT TO KNOW...)sau thm b tc t sau ng t ASK nu cn thit ( EX : Ask me , ask Tom...) _ B du 2 chm , du ngoc kp v du chm hi . _ Lp li t nghi vn ( WHO , WHEN WHAT...) ca cu ni trc tip . Nu cu ni trc tip ko c t nghi vn th t IF hay WHETHER trc ch ng ca cu ni c tng thut li . _ Chuyn i t nhn xng v i t s hu cho ph hp vi ngha ca cu , nu cn thit. _ t ch ng trc ng t trong cu pht biu . _ Nu ng t trong cu ni trc tip dng qu kh th chuyn th ca ng t theo quy lut nh trng hp cu pht biu . _ Chuyn trng t ch thi gian v ni chn theo quy lut theo trng hp cu pht biu . Ex : 1. Dung said :"What did you do yesterday ?" = > Dung asked me what I had done the day before ( Dung hi ti lm g vo ngy hm trc ) 2. Dung asked him : "Do you like swimming ?" = > Dung asked him if he liked swimming . + TRNG HP CU NI TRC TIP L CU CU KHIN (COMMAND) *Cch chuyn _ i ng t gii thiu sang TELL (hoc AsK , ODER , BEG...) ty theo ngha ca cu .. Sau thm b tc t vo sau TELL (hoc AsK , ODER , BEG...) . Ex : Ask him , Order the soldier, tell me . B du 2 chm , du ngoc kp , du chm than v t PLEASE ( nu c) _ Nu cu cu khin th khng nh , ta i ng t sang nguyn mu c TO theo mu : TELL / ASK / ...+ PRONOUN / NOUN / + TO -INFINITIVE _ Nu cu cu khin th khng nh , ta i ng t theo mu TELL / ASK / ...+ PRONOUN / NOUN / + NOT +TO -INFINITIVE _ i i t nhn xng , tnh t s hu , trng t ch thi gian v ni chn nh cc trng hp trc nu cn thit . * Ghi ch : + Pronoun : i t + Noun : danh t +To -infinitive : ng t nguyn mu c TO ( Ex : to do , to complain ) Ex : 1/ She said : "Close the door and go away !" = > She told me to close the door and go away. ( C y bo ti ng ca li v i ch khc) 2/ Nam said to his brother : "Don't turn of the radio" = > Nam told his brother not to turn of the radio ( Nam bo em trai cu y ng tt radio ) 3/ The commandor said to his soldier : "Shoot !"

The commandor ordered his soldier to shoot. ci ny t tm trn google tham kho c th dng