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in a variety of soils throughout the world is an assurance of robust optimised design using this technique
Expert Solutions in
EUROPE
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Ralisation A. Hourdel Direction de la Communication 08/2002
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The process
The jet grouting process consists of breaking up the soil with a high pressure jet in a predrilled borehole and mixing the loosened soil with a self-hardening grout to form columns, panels and other structures in the ground. The choice of the most appropriate system and operating parameters is dictated by: the type and geotechnical properties of the soil to be treated, the radius of action of the jet needed to achieve the required size of the mixed-in-place structure, the desired mechanical post-treatment soil properties, the site constraints and its environment.
Project design
The design of a jet grouting project involves a number of steps, in which iterations may help optimise the design: determination of general geometry and strength of the structure (and permeability if applicable), determination of jet details (geometry, arrangement) with reference to geotechnical and hydrogeological characteristics of the ground and jet system performance and limitations, performance of trials to check that the proposed method and jet parameters meet the requirements of the design.
Twin-jet column
SINGLE JET Soil loosening and grout injection are performed by a jet of high pressure grout from nozzles at the bottom end of a drill rod.
TWIN JET Soil loosening and grout injection are performed by a high pressure jet of grout shrouded by a concentric jet of air which increases the radius of action.
TRIPLE JET Soil loosening is performed by a jet of water shrouded by concentric jet of air. Grout injection is performed by a separate jet of grout.
Cairo underground railway Jet energy versus column diameter for twin-jet system in dense fine-grained sand below water table
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The jet grouting method is suitable for all soils (from clay to sand and gravels), capable of producing a wide variety of structures through a combination of columns, panels, half-columns, etc...
S E C A N T C O L U M N C U T- O F F S E C A N T P A N E L S C U T- O F F S E C A N T C O L U M N B L O C K S E C A N T C O L U M N B O T T O M S L A B
ITALY - Gambolo Landfill encapsulation with 9000 twin-jet grouted columns of 150cm diameter forming a watertight bottom and 6000 m of diaphragm walls forming the watertight sides
KENYA - Thika Dam Cut-off under dam 16,500ml of 120cm dia. triple-jet columns down to 35m depth
FRANCE - Lillebonne Factory containment 3000 m 2 cut-off by 3m span panels inside an operational factory Cairo underground railway Jet-grouted blocks at tunnel break-in and break-out sites. 100 000 m 3 of treated soil using columns of twin jet 1.5 to 3 m
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The jet grouting process can be applied to anything from major civil engineering works to local underpinning of buildings in confined spaces
U N D E R P I N N I N G
Lunville Underpinning interior walls of building with twin-jet half-columns
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LYON - BPNL Tunnel Roof consolidated as tunnelling proceeds Motorway tunnel - Section through collapsed area Solid grouting from ground surface and horizontal jet grouting through steel ribs into collapsed ground
Singapore underground railway 550 triple-jet columns, depth 25m, diameter 180cm, in very soft clay
Lyon metro Tunnel driving under buildings 300 single-jet columns built from basements with confined access
AUSTRALIA - Cannington Mine Twin jet down to 85m deep (depth record)
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FRANCE La Tour Maubourg Car Park Formation of an underground bottom slab strut, to deepen a basement excavation
NICE - South urban motorway Slope supported with twin-jet tangent-column buttresses
SAN SALVADOR - Cuscatlan Bridge Piers Circular wall and base foudations using twin-jet columns
PARIS - Saint Martin Turbigo Car Park Retaining wall between two diaphragm walls under operational car park