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1 doanh nghip trong thj trng cnh tranh hon ho c hm AVC = 2Q + 10 trong
do AVC n v l USD . Q l n v 1000 sn phm.
a) Vit phng trnh biu din ng cung ca doanh nghip
b) Khi gia bn ca sn phm la 22 USD th doanh nghip ha vn . Tnh chi ph c
nh ca doanh nghip nu doanh nghip tit kim c 1000 usd chi ph c nh
th li nhun ca doanh nghip l bao nhiu
c) Nu chnh ph tr cp 2 usd trn mt n v sn phm bn ra th doanh nghip
s la chn mc sn lng no tnh li nhun thu c
a. Ta c:
VC = AVC.Q = 2Q2 + 10Q
MC = (VC)' = 4Q + 10
Do y l doanh nghip cnh tranh hon ho => Ps= MC = 4Q + 10.
H pt: 360=1,5X+3Y
v (0,5Y/1,5)=(0,5X/3)
Suy ra X=120 ,Y=60
1 doanh nghip cnh tranh hon ho c hm chi ph bin i bnh qun: AVC
=2Q+4 (USD)
a, Vit phng trnh biu din chi ph bin v xc nh mc gi m doanh nghip
phi ng ca sn xut.
b, Khi P= 24 USD th doanh nghip b l 150 USD. Tm mc gi v sn lng ha
vn.
c, Doanh nghip sn xut bao nhiu sn phm ti a ha li nhun nu gi bn
P= 84 USD
Tnh Q ti u? li nhun max?
a, Theo ra ta c:AVC=2Q+4 suy ra MC=VC'(Q)=TC'(Q)
vi VC=AVC*Q=2Q^2+4Q ==> MC=4Q+4
Mt khc y l th trng cnh tranh hon ho nn Ps=4Q+4 (Q>0)
Doanh nghip ng ca sn xut khi P=AVCmin vi AVCmin=4 ==> P=4
b, Khi P=24 doanh nghip thua l 150 do ta s thy l :TR-TC=-150
==> 24*Q-(2Q^2+4Q)-FC=-150 ==>FC=20Q-2Q^2+150 (1)
M khi p=24 th Q=(24-4)/4=5 thay vo 1 ta c FC=200
Nh vy th TC=VC+FC= 2Q^2+4Q+200 (2)
=>ATC=2Q+4+200/Q
Khi doanh nghip ha vn th P=ATCmin
vi ATCmin <=> ATC'=0 <=> 2-(200/Q^2) =0 =>Q=10
Thay vo Ps ta c: P= (4*10)+4=44
c, Vi gi P=84 th doanh nghip ti a ha li nhun khi P*=MC
=> 84=4Q+4=> Q*=20
TPmax= 20*84- 2*20^2+4*20+200=1680-1080=600
1doanh nghip c hm s cu :P= 16-Q+24/Q ;
v TC = 43+4Q
a. Hy vit hm s chi ph bin, doanh thu, chi ph bin, chi ph bin i, li nhun
b. Hy xc nh sn lng, tng doanh thu, tng li nhun, gi th trng trong cc
trng hp :
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha li nhun
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha s lng bn vi iu kin khng l
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu ti a ha doanh thu khng km theo iu kin rng
buc
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu tng li nhun =16
+ Khi DN theo ui mc tiu t li nhun nh mc trn chi ph bnh qun 20%
a/ MC=(TC)'=4
TR=P*Q=Q*(16-Q+24/Q)
=16Q-Q^2+24
Khi Q=0 th FC=TC=43
=> VC=TC-FC=4Q
LN=TR-TC=12Q-Q^2-19
b/
+. LN max <=> MC=MR => 4=16-2Q => Q=6,P=14 => TR=84, TC=67, LN=17
+. LN>=0 <=> 12Q-Q^2-19>=0 => 1,8<Q<10,1 => Q=10 =>P=8.4 ,TR=84 ,LN=1
TR max <=> TR'=0 =>16-2Q=0 =>Q=8,P=11,TR=88,LN=13
+. LN=16 <=> 12Q-Q^2-19=16 => '+ Q=5=>P=15.8,TR=79
'+ Q=7 =>P=12.43,TR=87
=. LN=120%TC/Q <=> 12Q-Q^2-19=1,2*(43/Q+4) => + Q=8.5=>P=4.67,
TR=87.75,LN=10.75
+ Q=4.8=>P=16.2, TR=77.76,LN=15.56
Xt th trng cnh tranh hon ho. Hm s cu v hm s cung nh sau:
Qd =3280 - 8p
Qs = 282 + 2p
a/ Xc nh sn lng v gi c cn bng. Tnh h s co gin gia cu v cung ti
thi im cn bng. Nu chnh ph nh thu sn lng th ai chu thu nhiu hn?
ti sao ?
b/ Chnh ph nh thu sn lng l 30. Xc nh hm cung mi. Tnh sn lng v
gi c cn bng trong th trng ny.
c/ Nu chnh ph n nh mc gi sn Pr = 350 th lng d tha l bao nhiu.
trong trng hp chnh ph mua ht lng d tha: xc nh doanh thu ca nh sx
trc v sau khi chnh ph p dng gi sn, xc nh chnh ph phi chi ra cho
chnh sch ny
a/ Khi can bang thi Qs=Qd => 3280-8P=282+2P => P=300 =>Q=880
Ed=Qd'*P/Q=-8*300/880=-2.73
Es=Qs'*P/Q=2*300/880=0.75
b/Ban co the noi ro hon cau nay uoc ko? chinh phu anh thue vao tung san pham hay
anh thue tong cong la 30?
c/ Neu chinh phu at gia san P=350 thi Qs=982 va Qd=480 => luong du thua la DT=502
Truoc khi at gia san thi doanh thu cua nha SX la: TR1=P*Q=264000
Sau khi at gia san :TR2=350*982=343700
Chinh Phu phai chi ra mot khoan T=(982-480)*350=175700
Xt th trng c quyn hon ton. h s cu: P = 1240-2Q. hm tng chi ph ca
doanh nghip: TC = 3Q2 + 240Q + 35000
a/ Xc nh hm s: TFC, TVC, AFC, AVC, ATC, MC ca doanh nghip.
b/ Xc nh sn lng v gi ti a ha li nhun? tnh li nhun ca doanh
nghip?
c/ Tnh h s lerner v cho bit quyn lc c quyn ca doanh nghip cao hay
thp?
d/ Nu th trng cnh tranh hon ho th gi bn v sn lng bao nhiu?
e/ Nu chnh ph nh gi trn Pc = 980 th doanh nghip s sx bao nhiu? lng
thiu ht l bao nhiu
a/ Ta c khi Q=0 Th FC=TC => FC=35000
=> AFC=FC/Q=35000/Q
VC=TC-FC=3Q^2+340Q
=> AVC=VC/Q=3Q+340
=>ATC=TC/Q=3Q+340+35000/Q
MC=VC'=6Q+340
b/ Ta c TR=P*Q=1240Q-2Q^2
=> MR=TR'=1240-4Q
ti a ha li nhun <=> MC=MR <=>1240-4Q=6Q+340 =>Q=90
=>P=1060 =>LN=TR-TC=14500
c/ H s Lener : L=(P-MC)/P=(1060-880)/1060=0.17
=> Quyn lc c quyn ca doanh nghip thp
d/ Nu th trng l cnh tranh hon ho th MR=P
=> ti a ha li nhun <=> MC=P <=> 1240-2Q=6Q+340 =>Q=112.5 =>P=1015
e/ Nu Chnh Ph t gi trn P=980 th XN s SX lng sn phm Q=107 trong khi
lng cu l Q=130 => lng thiu ht =23
Hm cung v hm cu ca loi bnh AFC trn th trng nm 2007 nh sau
hm cung : Qs = 12P - 15
hm cu : Qd = -8P + 45
(Q : ngn hp, P : ngn ng / hp)
a/ Gi v sn lng cn bnng trn trng ca bnh AFC nm 2007 l bao nhiu ?
b/ Do nhu loi bnh mi xut hin trn th trng, cu v bnh AFC nam 2008
gim 10%. hy tnh tc ng ca vic gim cu ny i vi gi v sn lng bnh
AFC u nam 2008 ?
c/ Tnh co gin ca cung v cu bnh AFC theo gi ti im cn bng nm 2007
v 2008 ?
a/ Th trng cn bng <=> Qs=Qd => 12P -15= - 8P + 45 => P = 3 => Q = 21
b/Do c tc ng nn lng cu gim 10% =>Qd* = 90%Qd = -7.2P + 40.5
=>Khi th trng cn bng th gi v lng sn phm u nm 2008 : Qd* = Qs =>
-7.2P + 40.5 = 12P -15
=> P = 2.9 => Q = 19.7
c/ Nm 2007
Ti im cn bng: Ed = Qd'*P/Q = - 8*3/21 = -1.143
Es = Qs' * P/Q = 12*3/21 = 1.174
Nm 2008
Ti im cn bng: Ed = (Qd*)' *P/Q = -7.2*2.9/19.7 = -1.06
Es = Qs'*P/Q = 12*2.9/19.7 = 1.766
Hm cung v cu th trng ca sn phm X c cho nh sau
Qd = -2P + 100
Qs = 2P - 20
(P: ngn ng/ sn phm, Q : ngn sn phm)
a/ Xc nh gi v sn lng cn bng trn th trng. Tnh thng d tiu dng,
thng d sn xut v tng thng d x hi
b/ Nu chnh ph nh gi trn cho sn phm X l 25. Hy tnh lng thiu ht
Ps=10+Q
a, xc nh mc gi v sn lng cn bng ?
b,tnh thng d tiu dng v thng d sn xut
c, nu chnh ph n nh mc gi P=50 th iu g s xy ra?
d, nu chnh ph nh thu 10 /1 sn phm bn ra th im cn bng ca th
trng s thay i nh th no?
a/ Ti im cn bng th:
Ps=Pd => 100-Q=10+Q =>Q=45 ,P=55
b/ Thng d tiu dng; CS=1/2*45*(100-55)=1012.5
Thng d sn xut: PS=1/2*45*(55-10)=1012.5
c/ Nu chnh ph n nh mc gi l P=50 th lng cu l Qd=60 trong khi lng
cung l Qs=40 => thiu ht
d/ Nu chnh ph nh thu 10$/1sp th nh sn xut s ng bn sn phm vi mc gi
Ps'= 20+Qs
=> im cn bng mi Pd=Ps' =>20+Q=100-Q
=> Q=40,P=60
mt hng canh tranh hon ho c AVC=3Q+4
a, xc inh cung sn phm ca hng
b,nu gi bn l 55 th hng l l 120 hy xc inh gi v sn lng ha vn ca
hng khi chi ph c nh ca hng l bao nhiu?
c, nu gi bn ca th trng l 60 hy xc inh mc sn lng ti a ha li nhun
ca hng.khi doanh thu v li nhun ca hng l bao nhiu?
d, hy xc nh thng d sn xut ti im ti a ha li nhun?
a/ Ta c: VC=AVC*Q=3Q^2+4Q => MC=VC'=6Q+4
Do y l th trng cnh tranh hon ho nn ng cung ngn hn ca hng chnh l
ng chi ph cn bin nm pha trn AVC min
hay P= 6Qs +4 (vi Q>=0)
b/ TC=VC+FC=3Q^2 +4Q +FC
Khi P=55 =MR (Do cnh tranh hon ho)=> Q=8.5
=> TR=P*Q=55Q,TC=250.75+FC
Ta li c TR-TC=-120 => 467.5-250.75-FC=-120 => FC=336.75
=> TC=3Q^2+4Q+336.75 => ATC=3Q+4+336.75/Q >= 67.5
Ti im ha vn P=ATCmin=67.5
c/ Nu P=60 =>MR=60
ti a ha li nhun th MC=MR =>Q=28/3=9.3
=>TR=560,LN=-75.4
d/ Ti a ha li nhun trong cu ny ng vi P=? vy hay l dng P cu trn
1 doanh nghip c quyn mua vi biu cu:
P 50 40 30 20 10
Q 5 10 15 20 25
T cho s liu hp l hm AE?
Xc nh sn lng doanh nghip ti a ha li nhun?
Mt hng cnh tranh hon ho in hnh c tng chi ph ngn hn: TC= 100+ 7Q +
Q.Q v TC= 4Q + Q.Q
a) Tm sn lng ti u ca hng gi 35$/ v? Li nhun ti a thu c?
b) Mc gi cn bng ca th trng di hn? Khi gi th trng gim xun 25$/ v
th hng nn ng ca sn xut khng? ti sao/
c) Xc nh ng cung ngn hn, di hn ci hng?
Mc gi cn bng di hn xc nh bi im y ca ng LAC
ta c P=LAC min=4
c- Gi ha vn P=27$ bng cch gii pt MC=AC
Gi ng ca Po=7$ bng cch gii pt MC=AVC
mc gi Po=7$<P=25$<27$ nn hng cn tip tc sn xut b li mt phn chi ph
c nh.
d- ng cung ngn hn P=2q+7
ng cung di hn P=2q+4
Updated:
a vn cha gi c phn a sao?
Sn lng ti u Q=14 bng cch gii pt MC=7+2Q=35
Li nhun ti u l 14.35-(100+14.7+14.14)=96$
1). Mt hng CTHH c hm chi ph bin i bnh qun nh sau: AVC = 2Q+4 ($)
1.Khi gi bn cu sn phm l 24$ th hng b thua l l 150$.Tm mc gi v sn
lng ha vn ca hng?
2. Hy xc nh ng cung ca hng v thng d sn xut ti mc gi 84$?
2 ) K hiu ca mn hc ny tht nhiu, v hay nhm na khng bit anh c cch
no phn bit chng v d nh khng a?nhiu cng thc na ch?V d
SAC,ATC,AVC,SMC,LAC....hu.
1) AVC = VC/Q=> VC= AVCxQ= 2Q^2+4Q
MC= VC'= 4Q+4
Doanh nghip ha vn => P=MC; P= AC (1)
Ta c li nhun pi = TR - TC= Q(P-AC) khi p= 24$ th hng b thua l 150$<=> Q(24AC)= -150 (2)
Kt hp 1 v 2 gii c P= AC= 40,4 ;Q= 9,1
2) ng cung S=MC
3) bn ch cn phn bit A: bnh qun, M: cn bin ; S: ngn hn; L: di hn; C: chi ph;
T: tng
vd: SAC l chi ph bnh qun ngn hn
mt hng c hm sx l Q=5KL hng s dng 2 u vo l vn K v lao ng L. gi
ca u vo tng ng l 2$/1 v vn; w=4$/1 v lao ng
1. gi s hng c mc chi ph l TC =$50000, khi hng s la chn mc u vo
ti u no ti a ha sn lng?
2. gi s gi ca vn tng ln 2 ln gi lao ng khng thay i hy tnh li cu 1?
Q=5KL =>MUk= Q'k=5L ; MUl=Q'l= 5K
r=2; w=4; TC=50 000 => 2K + 4L=50000(1)
iu kin ti a ha sn lng: MUk/r =MUl/w
=> L/2=K/4 hay L=2K
Th vo (1): 10K=50 000 => K=5000 =>L= 10000
cu 2 lm tng t vi r=4 nh!
Mt DN c quyn c chi ph cn bin ko i l 300$. Doanh thu bin = 1000 - 2Q.
Khi DN sn xut ra 500 sp th chi ph cho mi n v sp l 365$. Yu cu:
1, Nu c ton quyn hnh ng th DN s sn xut mc gi v sn lng no
ti a ha li nhun v ti a ha doanh thu.
2, DN nn t gi bao nhiu bn c nhiu sp nht m ko b thua l khi mi bc
vo th trng.
3, Gi s chnh ph quy nh mc thu t/v sp bn ra khi gi bn sn lng v
li nhun ca DN theo ui s thay i ntn? Xc nh t chnh ph thu c tin cao
nht.
1)ti a ha li nhun TP: cho MR=MC (MR l doanh thu bin nh.MC l chi ph cn
bin nh)=>Q*=350.
by gi ta tnh TP max.trc tin tm pt g cu D of dn.
TR (doanh thu) l ng hm of MR=>MR=1000Q-Q'2'
=>pt g cu D l P=TR/Q=1000-Q
Q*=350 th P*=650
.tm TC nhe(TC l tng chi ph ca dn).
(TC)'=(FC+VC)'=(VC)'=MC.=>VC l ng hm of MC=>VC=300*Q.(FC l chi ph c
dnh nh,VC l chi ph bin i)
chi ph cho xs 500sp l 500*365
=>500*365=VC+FC=300*500+FC
=>FC=32500.
t =>TC=300Q+32500=137500
TR=P*Q=227500
=>TP=90000
Bi 2
Mt nn kinh t c cc thng s sau : C=100+0.8 Yd, I=40+0.16Y,T=50+0.2Y,
G=200,X=100,IM=25+0.05Y
a. Xc nh mc sn lng cn bng c nhn xt g v tnh trng ngn sch v cn
cn thng mai.
b. Nu xut khu tng thm l 17.5 tnh mc sn lng cn bng mi. Cn cn
thng mi thay i theo chiu hng no?
V nguyn tc ta c cng thc tng qut sau :
Y = C + I + G + NX (net export)
trong :
- NX (xut khu rng) = xut khu - nhp khu = X- Im
- C thng l mt hm tuyn tnh ca Yd; Yd (Y kh dng ) = thu nhp - thu = Y- T
- Cch tnh T nh th no, u bi s cho, thng thng T t l vi Y : T= tY
T cng thc trn ngi ta cho nhiu d liu phc tp, v d nh bi 2 , cng ch lm
ri mt mnh m thi.
Bi 1:
cu a: chu !Cha gp cu ny bao gi.
cu b: phng trnh trn trong bi ny s l :
Y = 100 + Yd + 225 + 325 (do kinh t ng nn k c NX)
= 100 + (1-t)Y + 225 + 325
vi t= 0.4 th Y = 1625
ngn sch thu vo 1625*0.4 =650. Trong khi chi tiu chnh ph ch c 325, vy thng
d 650-325 =325 (ci ny ch c trong l thuyt thi, he he)
c, chi tiu chnh ph gim 52 th G=325-52= 273.
Tnh tng t phn a, ta c Y=1495.
Hoc n gin hn l ly 1625 ban u tr i 52/0.4
Bi 2 : phng trnh trn tr thnh :
Y= C + I+ G + NX
Y= C + I+ G + X - Im
Y= 100+0.8 Yd + 40+0.16Y + 200 +100 - 25-0.05Y
C Yd = Y-T => Y = 100 + 0.8 (Y- 50-0.2Y) + 40 +0.16Y + 200 + 100 - 25 - 0.05Y
Y = 375 +0.75Y
= > Y = 1500
Ngn sch thu bng thu l 350, chi tiu chnh ph l 200, vy ngn sch thng d 150
Nhp khu t 100, vy thng mi cn bng.
=>thay vo pt t c a=40
vy pt cu :Qd= 40-4P/3
tng t: ta cng c Qs = 4P/3
cu 3:cng gii ging cu 1, Qd1=Qs
<=>10+2P=110-10p
<=>P=8.3
=>Q = 17.
Mt nh c quyn c hm tng chi ph: TC = Q2 + 6Q + 120. Sn phm ca nh
c quyn ny c bn trn th trng c hm cu l: P = 50 - 0,1Q.
1.Xc nh gi c v sn lng ti a ha li nhun ca nh c quyn.
2. Nu mc tiu l ti a ha doanh thu th quyt nh ca nh c quyn s nh th
no? Khi li nhun l bao nhiu?
3.Nu chnh ph nh thu c nh 1 ln T=100 th gi c, sn lng v li nhun
thay i nh th no?
a)iu kin ti a ha li nhun ca nh c quyn : MR=MC
MC=TC'=2Q+6 v MR=TR'=(P*Q)'=(50Q-0,1Q2)=50-0,2Q
=>2Q+6=50-0,2Q=>Q=20 , P=48
b) ti a ha doanh thu TR max khi MR=0=>50-0,2Q= 0<=>Q=250 , P=25 Khi : pi=
TR- TC= - 57870=> Doanh nghip b l
c) T= 100=> TC= Q2+6Q+220
P= 48, Q= 20 nhng pi = TR- TC= 960-740= 220
gi la nm va qua l 2000$/kg; sn lng cn bng l 5000 tn. nm nay do hn
hn nn nhng ngi nng dn trng la b mt ma. h s co dn ca cu v la
theo gi c l - 0.6
-thu nhp ca ngi trng la nm nay l tng hay gim so vi nm trc?
- gi la nam nay tng ln 2500$/kg, sn lng la can bng nm nay l bao nhiu?
- thu nhp ngi nng dn trng la thay i bao nh?
- thu nhp ca ngi trng la nm nay tng hay gim so vi nm trc?
tra li:
h s co dn ca cu v la theo gi c l|- 0.6|<1
Cu co gin t nn P& TR ng bin. Khi gi ca th trng gim th thu nhp ca nng
dn gim xung so vi trc.
-gi la nam nay tng ln 2500$/kg, sn lng la can bng nm nay l bao nhiu?
Ta c: Ed=P/Q*(Q2-Q1)/(P2-P1)=>Q(nam nay)=2500*1.5/|-0.6|=6250(tn)
-thu nhp nm nay=2500*6250*10^3=15625*10^6 triu ng
thu nhp nm ngoi=2000*5000*10^3=10000*10^6 triu ng
Phn trm thu nhp nm ngoi=10000*10^6/(15625*10^6+10000*10^6)=~ 10%
Phn trm thu nhp nm nay=15625*10^6/(15625*10^6+10000*10^6)=~90%
Vy thu nhp ca ngi nng dn nm nay tng hn 9 ln so nm ngoi.