BNH PHNG CUA MOT SO HU TY

Bai 1: Cho cac so hu ty p, q, r thoa man pq + qr + rp = 1. Chng minh

(1 + p2)(1 + q2)(1 +r2) la bnh phng mot so hu ty.
HD: 1+p2 = (p+q)(p+r)...
Bai 2 (HSG Lien xo 1988,TS chuyen Thai Nguyen 1997):: Cho cac so
hu ty x, y thoa man: x5 + y5 = 2x2y2. Chng minh 1 xy la bnh phng
cua mot so hu ty.
Hng dan giai:
*Vi x = 0 hoac y = 0 ta co 1 xy = 12 (pcm)
* Vi x # 0, y # 0, x,y Q ta co cac cach sau:
Cach 1: Bnh phng hai ve ang thc (1) ta c:
x 10 + y 10 + 2 x 5 y 5 = 4 x 4 y 4
x 10 + y 10 2 x 5 y 5 = 4 x 4 y 4 4 x 5 y 5
( x 5 y 5 ) 2 = 4 x 4 y 4 (1 xy )
2

x5 y5
(pcm)
1 xy =
2 2
2x y
Cach 2: Bnh phng hai lan
(1) x 10 + y 10 + 2 x 5 y 5 = 4 x 4 y 4

x 10 + y 10 = 2 x 4 y 4 (2 xy )
x 20 + y 20 + 2 x 10 y 10 = 4 x 8 y 8 ( 4 4 xy + x 2 y 2 )
x 20 + y 20 + 2 x 10 y 10 = 16 x 8 y 8 16 x 9 y 9 + 4 x 10 y 10
x 20 + y 20 2 x 10 y 10 = 16 x 8 y 8 (1 xy )
( x 10 y 10 ) 2 = ( 4 x 4 y 4 ) 2 (1 xy )
2

x10 y 10
(pcm)
1 xy =
4 4
2x y
Cach 3: Chia ca hai ve cua (1) cho x4 ta c
x5 y5
y2
+
=
2
x4 x4
x2
y5
y2
x+ 4 =2 2
x
x
6
y
y3
(Nhan ca hai ve vi y)
xy + 4 = 2 2
x
x
y6
y3
4 2 2 + 1 = 1 xy
x
x
2

y3
2 1 = 1 xy
x

Cach 4:
x5
y5
(1) 2 2 + 2 2 = 2
x y
x y

x3 y 3
+
= 2 (2)
y2 x2

(pcm)

mat khac ta lai co

x3
y3
&
la nghiem cua phng trnh:
y2
x2
X2 2X + xy = 0
= 1 - xy la bnh phng cua mot so hu ty

T (2) va (3) ta co

Cach 5:

x3 y3

= xy (3)
y2 x2

(1)

x3 y3
+
=2
y2 x2

x6 y6
+
+ 2 xy = 4
y4 x4

x6 y6
+
2 xy = 4 4 xy
y4 x4
2

x3 y3
2 2 = 4(1 xy )
x
y
2

x3 y3
2 2
x
y
1 xy =

Cach 6: at x = ky thay vao (1) va bien oi ong nhat

pcm.
Bai 3 (TS chuyen Thai Nguyen 2007):
Cho cac so hu ty dng x va y thoa man: x3 + y3 = 2x2y2, chng minh:
1
1
cung la so hu ty.
xy
Chng minh :(gt)
1

x 6 + 2 x3 y 3 + y 6
1
4 x3 y 3

=
4 x3 y 3
xy x 6 + 2 x3 y 3 + y 6

1 | x3 y 3 |
= 3
Q v x, y Q+.
xy
x + y3

A
H

2 ( xy )3

= xy xy =

1 x 6 2 x3 y 3 + y 6 ( x3 y 3 )2
=
=
xy x 6 + 2 x 3 y 3 + y 6 ( x 3 + y 3 ) 2

x3 + y 3

O
K
C

Giai: Ke AK BD ( K BD ) , ta co c OA AK
Do o: OA.OD AK .OD
Ma AK .OD = 2S AOD = AD.OH
Nen OA.OD AD.OH
OH OH OH
OH
CF BE
Thanh th
hay

AD OA OD
AD AC BD
T o AC.BD.OH AD.BE .CF
ang thc xay ra khi OA = AK hay AC BD .