Chng III.

h THNG NH LA

1. Nhim v, yu cu i vi h thng nh la 2. Phn loi cc h thng nh la in t 3. H thng nh la kiu cm ng 4. H thng nh la kiu in dung 5. H thng nh la iu khin kiu in t (ESA)

6. H thng nh la trc tip

7. Chn on trng thi k thut h thng nh la

I. Yu cu i vi h thng nh la
CC YU CU CHUNG

C h s d tr nh la ln
Tc tng in p th cp ln

C nng lng nh la ln
Th t nh la v thi im nh la ng bn v tin cy trong qu trnh lm vic t chm sc, bo dng

1. Thi im nh la; 2. Hn hp bn la; 3. Hn hp chy dn n c p sut ln nht. 4 Kt thc chy

H THNG NH LA M VT
S h thng nh la m vt
High-tension cord High-tension cord

Ignition switch Distributor IG

Governor advancer
Capasitor

Ignition coil Cam Resistor Vacuum advancer

Spark plug

Breaker points

Cc nhc im chnh
+ Cng sut thp + H s d tr nh la thp + c tnh khi ng km + c tnh nh la tc cao km
+ Gii hn cng sut ca ng c + Hin tng nh la tip im + Thi im nh la cha ph hp + Tn cng chm sc iu chnh

Cc giai on ca qu trnh nh la

c tnh ca h thng nh la kiu in cm

1. ng c 4 xi lanh 2. ng c 6 xi lanh

BIN P NH LA

nh hng ca dng in cc bu gi ti tr s in p nh la

1. L xo ca c cu iu chnh gc nh la sm chn khng; 2. Cam quay; 3. u ni cao p trung tm 4. Np b chia in; 5. u ni cao p ti bu gi; 6. Chi than; 7. Con quay phn phi cao p; 8. Cp tip im KK 9. Mm tip im; 10. Thanh ko mng ca c cu iu chnh gc nh la sm kiu chn khng; 11. Mng n hi; 12 ng thng vi ng chn khng ng c

II. c im h thng nh la in t
C IM CHUNG
S dng cc phn t bn dn, cc vi mch in t thc hin cc nhim v chc nng ca h thng nh la H thng lm vic, x l cc tn hiu theo chng trnh c ci t trong b x l trung tm (ECU)

H thng lm vic theo nguyn l iu khin t ng c phn hi nhm hiu chnh s hot ng ca h thng khi c nh hng ca cc nhiu
C chc nng t chn on cho php kim tra thng xuyn, pht hin li trong cc mch lm vic

III. Phn loi cc h thng nh la in t

1. PHN LOI THEO NGUYN L TCH LU NNG LNG NH LA
Secondary coil Core Primary coil

H thng nh la kiu in cm (CI)

Spark plug

H thng nh la kiu in dung (CDI)

ON Igniter

2. PHN LOI THEO CM BIN NH LA

Cm bin nh la kiu cm ng Cm bin nh la kiu photo diode Cm bin nh la kiu Hall

3. PHN LOI THEO CHC NNG IU KHIN NH LA

H thng nh la EFI thng thng
H thng nh la in t ESA H thng nh la in t VAST

4. PHN LOI THEO B CHIA IN

H thng nh la in t c b chia in (DI) H thng nh la in t khng c b chia in (DLI)

5. PHN LOI THEO BIN P NH LA

H thng nh la in t c 1 bin p nh la dng chung cho cc bu-gi

H thng nh la in t trc tip, s dng 1 bin p cung cp cho 2 bu-gi hoc mi bin p cung cp cho 1 bu-gi ring

H thng nh la in
dng tip im c kh

H thng nh la in t
dng cm bin nh la

H thng nh la dng tip im iu khin (Motorola Inc.)

CC THNH PHN CHNH CA H THNG NH LA IN T

+ Cc cm bin: . Cm bin nh la . Cc cm bin v trng thi lm vic khc ca ng c + B x l trung tm (ECU) + B nh la bn dn/vi mch (Igniter) + Bin p nh la (Ignition coil) + B phn phn phi cao p (Distributor) + Cc bu-gi (Spark plugs)
3. Knock sensor 2. Camshaft position sensor 4. Throttle position sensor 9. Spark plug 1. Crankshaft position sensor

7. Ignition coil with igniter 8. Engine ECU 6. Water temp. sensor

5. Air flow meter

IV. Cc loi cm bin nh la

- Cm bin nh la kiu cm ng
- Cm bin nh la kiu photo diode - Cm bin nh la kiu Hall

CM BIN NH LA KIU CM NG
- Loi dng rotor nam chm ng yn

- Loi dng rotor nam chm quay

Cu to ca cm bin nh la kiu cm ng

S HTL dng CBL kiu rotor nam chm quay

S HTL dng CBL kiu rotor nam chm ng yn

S HTL dng CBL kiu rotor nam chm ng yn (Honda)

S HTL dng CBL ca Toyota

Kt cu cc cm chi tit ca HTL (Toyota)

CM BIN NH LA KIU PHOTO DIODE Nguyn l hot ng

Cu to ca cm bin nh la kiu photo diode

Mch bin i tn hiu ca cm bin photo diodes

H thng nh la dng cm bin photo diodes ca Motorola Inc.

B chia in dng cm bin nh la kiu photo diode

3. CM BIN NH LA HALL Nguyn l hot ng

Cu to b chia in dng cm bin Hall

H thng nh la dng cm bin Hall

V. iu chnh gc nh la sm
S cn thit phi c gc nh la sm Gc nh la sm ti u ph thuc vo ch lm vic ca ng c
Tc ng c m ca bm ga Nhit nc lm mt Nhit kh np Thnh phn hn hp T s nn ca ng c Ch s octane ca xng

Spark control Map

Ignition timing (timing advance)

Amount of intake air (Engine load) High ESA map

High Engine speed

IU CHNH GC NH LA SM TRONG H THNG NH LA M VT

1. Cam quay; 2, 7. cc l xo; 3. Cht; 4. Tm ; 5. Trc b chia in; 6. Qu vng; 8. Cht mc l xo; 9. Rnh di trt; I - II: L xo 7 lm vic

1. ng ni vi hng ht cc bua ra t; 2. Dai c iu chnh; 3. L xo; 4. Np; 5. Mng n hi; 6. Thn; 7. Vt; 8. Thanh ko; 9. Cht trn tm di ng; 10. Tm di ng; 11. Cam; 12. Cn tip im; 13. Tip im

1. Cc ng c tnh lm vic ng thi ca CCC ly tm v chn khng ng vi % ti ng c khc nhau 2. c tnh ca CCC kiu ly tm 3. Gc nh la sm t 4. Vng lm vic ch khng ti

S MCH NH LA EFI THNG THNG

Ignition coil

Igniter

Distributor

Spark plug

Signal generator

CC PHN T CHNH TRONG H THNG NH LA EFI THNG THNG

High-tension cord High-tension cord

Ignition switch Distributor Governor advancer Igniter

Transistor

Ignition coil

Spark plug

Signal generator Vacuum advancer

IU CHNH GC NH LA SM TRONG H THNG NH LA EFI THNG THNG

B CHIA IN CA H THNG NH LA EFI THNG THNG

Braker plate Signal generator Diaphragm

Advance rod Diaphragm spring Advance angle

H THNG IU KHIN GC NH LA SM KIU IN T (ESA)

IDL
Air flow meter Throttle position sensor

VG ECU

PIM
KNK Manifold pressure sensor

G IGT IGF
THW

Ignition coil with igniter

Camshaft position sensor

NE

OX1A

Oxygen sensor No.1 Water temperature sensor Knock sensor

Crankshaft position sensor

S MCH IU KHIN VO/RA

S MCH NH LA ESA

CC PHN T CHNH CA H THNG NH LA ESA

High-tension cord

High-tension cord

Ignition switch Distributor

Igniter

Transistor

ECU

Spark plug

Sensors

TNH TON GC NH LA SM THEO CH LM VIC CA NG C

At starting Initial ignition timing angle

Basic ignition advance angle After starting Corrective ignition advance angle

Actual ignition timing Starting ignition control After-start ignition control Initial ignition timing angle

Ignition timing control

Initial ignition timing angle Basic ignition advance angle Corrective ignition advance control Warm-up correction Over-temperature correction Stable idling correction Knocking correction Other correction Maximum and minimum advance angle control

GC NH LA SM C S
A/C on (some models only)

Basic ignition advance angle 0 Low

Engine speed

High

Ignition timing (advanced angle)

High
Amount of intake air (Manifold pressure) High ESA map Engine speed

Bng tham chiu (Look up table) gc nh la sm c s

Gc nh la c s c tnh ton theo tc v ti trng thay i ca ng c

BNG THAM CHIU (LOOK-UP TABLE)

GC NH LA SM PH THUC TC NG C

HIU CHNH GC NH LA SM THEO CC THNG S TRNG THI LM VIC CA NG C

Cc cm bin NE v G b tr trong b chia in

B TR CM BIN NHN TN HIU G V NE TRONG B CHIA IN

Cc cm bin NE v G b tr trn trc cam v trc khuu

Cc cm bin NE v G v dng tn hiu

Cc dng khc nhau ca tn hiu G v NE

GC NH LA SM T BAN U

Timing rotor

Point A

Point B Point A

G signal G signal timing rotor and G pickup coil G

Point B 5, 7 or 10 BTDC 5, 7 or 10 BTDC

NE 5, 7 or 10 BTDC Ignition NE signal timing rotor and NE pickup coil TDC NE signal Ignition

IGT IGT with initial ignition timing IGT with timing advanced

TN HIU IGT V THI IM NH LA

Engine speed High

Constant current control Prescribed value Dwell angle control

Primary voltage

Ignition

TN HIU IGT V IGF

ECU Constant voltage circuit

IGT

Igniter Driver

G Micro processor NE IGF

IGF signal generation circuit

IGT

IF1 IF2 Primary current IGF

S MCH TN HIU IGF

HIU QU CA H THNG IU KHIN NH LA SM KIU IN T

So snh vi b iu chnh c kh kiu ly tm
(1) BTDC10 ATDC10 (2) BTDC10 ATDC10 (3) BTDC10 ATDC10

1000rpm

2000rpm

2000rpm

Ideal ignition timing

ESA Governor advancer

Engine speed

High

HIU QU CA H THNG IU KHIN NH LA SM KIU IN T

So snh vi b iu chnh kiu chn khng
(1) BTDC20

ATDC10

(2) BTDC20

ATDC10

(3) BTDC20

ATDC10

Engine load Low

Engine load High

Engine load High

Ideal ignition timing ESA Vacuum advancer

Engine load

Low

Hiu chnh gc nh la sm khi c hin tng kch n

IU KHIN NH LA TRONG KHI KHI NG V SAU KHI KHI NG NG C

Engine ECU Microprocessor Back-up IC

... trong khi khi ng ng c

G NE

IGT

Initial ignition timing angle signal generation circuit

Engine ECU Microprocessor Back-up IC

... sau khi ng c khi ng

G NE

Various signals (VG, PIM etc.) IGT

S H THNG NH LA IN T ESA

S H THNG NH LA IN T VAST

S H THNG NH LA IN T VAST

VI. Cc h thng nh la khng dng b chia in

H thng nh la DLI trn ng c V6 1MZ-FE c b nh la dng chung v mi bin p nh la dng cho 2 bu-gi

CC PHN T CHNH TRONG H THNG NH LA KHNG DNG B CHIA IN

Type1 Sensors Type2

ECU IGT1 IGT2 IGT4 IGT1

ECU IGT3 IGT2

Igniter Ignition coil

Ignition coil (with igniter)

High-tension code

Spark plug
Ignition coil

Spark plug

CC PHN T CHNH CA H THNG NH LA TRC TIP

Ignition switch

lgniter

Primary coil

Ignition coil (with igniter)

Secondary coil

Sensors : Primary circuit : Secondary circuit

Spark plug

B nh la ca ng c V6 1MZ-FE DLI

H thng nh la DLI trn ng c In-line 6 cyl 1MZ-FE c b nh la dng chung v mi bin p nh la dng cho 2 bu-gi

Th t lun phin nh la ng c 1MZ-FEkiu V6 v In-line

...lun phin nh la ng c V6

...lun phin nh la ng c in-line

CU TO CA MT BIN P NH LA DNG CHUNG CHO 2 BU-GI

VII. Cc H thng nh la trc tip

S nguyn l h thng DIS
+B Crankshaft position sensor IGT1

Camshaft position sensor

IGT2

Spark plug #1

Knock sensor Spark plug #2 ECU Throttle position sensor Spark plug #3 Airflow meter IGT4 IGT3

Water temperature sensor

IGF

Spark plug #4

Cc tn hiu IGT v IGF trong h thng DIS 4 cyl.

ECU Constant voltage circuit G Microprocessor NE

Ignition coil with igniter

+B

IGT Drive circuit

IGF signal generation circuit IGF

Spark plug

ECU
IGT1 IGT3 IGT4

Ignition coil with igniter

Ignition order
IGT1 OFF IGT3 ON OFF IGT4 ON OFF IGT2 ON OFF IGF ON OFF

No.1 cylinder No.3 cylinder No.4 cylinder

IGT2
IGF DIS (Direct Ignition System)

No.2 cylinder

Cc thnh phn ca mt h thng nh la DIS

...h thng khng c b nh la ring, mi bin p phc v cho mt bu-gi s dng 1 mch cng sut transitor chung cho 3 bin p nh la,...

S nh la DIS ca ng c 1MZ-FE 94

...h thng c b nh la ring, mi bin p phc v cho mt bu-gi

B nh la ca h thng DIS trn ng c 1MZ-FE 94

Bin p nh la khng c tch hp b nh la ca h thng DIS ng c 1MZ-FE 94

... diode cao p dng trong bin p

S nh la DIS ca ng c 1MZ-FE V6

... h thng nh la trc tip, mi bin p nh la dng cho mt bu-gi, b nh la c tch hp trong tng bin p

S khi ca h thng nh la DIS ng c 1MZ-FE V6

ECU ECU

4. Throttle position sensor 5. Air flow meter

7. Ignition coil with igniter

Igniter 9. Spark plug Primary coil Secondary coil Core 2. Camshaft position sensor 6. Water temp. sensor 3. Knock sensor Plug cap 1. Crankshaft position sensor

Bin p nh la c tch hp b nh la trong h thng DIS ca V6 1MZ-FE

... th t lun phin nh la

VIII. Kim tra thi im nh la

DLC3 Initial ignition timing angle TC

DLC1

TE1

Fixed ignition advance angle

Standard ignition timing angle

CG

E1

TE1

TC DLC1

E1 DLC2

TE1

DLC3 Engine model Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Initial ignition timing 10 BTDC 5 BTDC 7 BTDC

CG

Fixed ignition Standard advance angle ignition timing 0 BTDC 5 BTDC 0 BTDC 10 BTDC 10 BTDC 7 BTDC

Bng s liu cc cun dy ca bin p nh la, cun dy ca cm bin G v NE

IX. CHn on h hng

Cc dng h hng ca bu-gi

Heat range

Normal

Carbon fouling Pre-ignition temperature Hot plug Center electrode temperature (C)

Self-cleaning temperature

Oil fouling

Overheating

Engine speed

Range for cold plug Range for hot plug

Hy xy dng s chn on cc h hng thng gp sau:

1. Khng c tia la cao p

2.

Thi im nh la khng ng

3.

Gc nh la sm khng ph hp vi trng thi lm vic ca ng c