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iu ch delta L k thut bin i tn hiu tng t thnh cc bit.

K thu t ny c th chia thnh hai bc l ly mu v m ha tn hi u tng t , c nhiu im tng ng vi k thu t PCM vn tr nn rt thng d ng. u im ca iu ch . Delta l cc mch in ti cc b iu ch v gii iu ch li n gin hn rt nhiu so v i cc mch ca PCM. Mt vi nhc im ca i u ch Delta (vn c hiu l iu ch Delta tuy n tnh) cng c ci thin khi s dng hai k thut ci tin l Delta-Sigma v Delta thch nghi. iu ch Delta tuyn tnh

Hnh 1 : S nguyn l ca mt h thng truyn thng dng iu ch Delta tuyn tnh. Mt my pht to xung Pi(t) cung cp xung ly mu cho b iu ch vi chu k . Tn hi u (t) c a ti b iu ch ch nhn 2 gi tr dng hoc m. Li ra Po(t) c xc nh bng cch nhn chui Pi(t) vi +1 (khi (t) ln hn 0) hoc -1(khi (t) nh hn 0). Tn hi u Po(t) c a ti b tch phn c li ra l s-(t) . Tn hiu ny c dng bc thang, chnh l c lng ca tn hiu tng t s(t) (xem hnh 1.2). Tn hiu s(t) v s-(t) c a ti mt b so snh c li ra l dng ( (t) >0) nu s-(t) >s(t) hoc li ra l m ((t) <0) nu s(t)<s(t). D thy(t) chnh l s sai khc gia tn hiu tng t s(t) v tn hiu c lng xp x s-(t) .
Nhn xt rng tn hiu xung Po(t) ch c hai mc. Vi mc ch truyn tn hiu trn ng truyn t hiu

qu th tn hiu xung Po(t) c ko di trong khong thi gian c c tn hiu P0(t).

Hnh 2. Minh ha cc tn hiu kho st trn h thng truy n thng dng iu ch Delta

S khc nhau c bn gia PCM va DM l trong DM th tn hiu m ha 1bit s sai khc gia s(t) v s-(t) s c truy n i, trong khi h thng PCM cho php truyn i c tn hiu s(t) c m ho nh phn Chnh v vy, DM c th coi l1 chui logic cc gi tr 0 v 1 dng m ha s thay i ca mt tn hiu tng t: gi tr 0 tc l tn hiu gim v gi tr 1 nu tn hiu tng. Trong mch DM thng c mt b tch phn v mt b lc thng th p. B tch phn c nhim v ti to li tn hiu s(t). B lc thng thp c tc dng loi b cc thnh phn tn s cao gy nn do nh hng

vic ly mu khng hon ho. V th , tn hiu c lng s-(t) u ra ca my pht s l bn sao ca s(t). Hnh 3: L mt s khc ca DM, c nguyn tc hot ng ging vi s trong hnh 1 tuy nhin cc xung ko di khi c a ti b tch phn th li ra thu c tn hiu rng ca.

Hnh 3 : B iu ch Delta c bn Hot ng : Hnh 3 v 4 minh ha nguyn tc hot ng ca DM. C th l trn hnh 4, ti xung nhp th (n1): tn hiu s-(t) c dng sn m bi v gi tr tng t s(t) ly mu thi im trc (n-1) nh hn gi tr u ra ca b tch phn. V th, trig D cho kt qu ra l 0. Ti thi im n: s(t) vn nh hn s-(t) nn b so snh v trigo vn cho kt qu 0, s-(t) tip tc gim. Ti thi im (n+1): s(t) l n hn s-(t), v th li ra b so snh v trigo l cao: s-(t) s c dng sn dng v bt u tng theo s(t).

Hnh 4 : Minh ha nguyn tc hot ng ca DM. 1.3 iu ch Delta-Sigma ( ) Trong k thut iu ch Delta-Sigma, dc ca tn hiu tng t c th c ti to bng vic tch phn chnh tn hiu trc khi i vo b iu ch Delta. Thao tc ny s lu gi c cc thng tin quan trng. Ti ni thu, mt b vi phn tng ng s c a vo b DM tuyn tnh. Hnh 1.5 m t s khi ca h thng iu ch Delta-Sigma ( ). , b iu ch x khng x l tn hiu s(t) m l tch phn ca s(t). Hm tch phn c a s(t) s c dc nh h n s-(t). Chnh v th m hin tng qu ti dc s gim i. Hnh 1.6 minh ha cho nhn xt ny khi m t : tn hi u tng t v ti t o (hnh 1.6.a) hay tch phn c a s(t) v ti t o (hnh 1.6.b). tr ng h p th 2 (hnh 1.6.b) hi n tng qu t i d c l nh h n ng k so v i trng h p 1. M t nh n xt n a l s khi trong hnh 1.5 c th rt gn n u b tch phn 1 m nhi m lun ch c n ng c a b tch phn 2 (cch lm ny c th ti t ki m chi ph ph n c ng m hi u qu l t ng ng). Ngoi ra, t i n i thu th b vi phn v tch phn s loi tr nhau cho ta hnh 1.7 l s rt gn cu i cng.

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