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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha hc Thy Ngc

Bin lun cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c

BIN LUN CNG THC CU TO CA HP CHT HU C BI TP T LUYN


Cu 1: t chy 1 mol ankan A thu c s mol CO2 nh hn 6. Khi cho A tc dng Cl2 theo t l mol 1:1, c chiu sng, ch thu c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht. A l: A. Metan. B. Etan. C. Neopentan. D. Tt c u ng. Cu 2: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hirocacbon A, thu c 0,6 mol CO2 v 0,3 mol H2O. Cng 0,1 mol A cho tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 th thu c 29,2 gam kt ta c mu vng nht. A l: A. 3-Metyl penta-1,4-iin. B. Hexa-1,5-iin. C. Hexa-1,3-ien-5-in . D. A v B u ng. Cu 3: Cht hu c X mch h tc dng c vi Ag2O/NH3. Hiro ha X trong nhng iu kin khc nhau c th thu c cht hu c Y v Z l ng phn ca nhau. Trong Y c kh nng trng hp thnh cao su isopren. Vy Z l: A. 3-Metyl buta-1,2-ien. B. 2-Metylbuta-1,3-ien. C. 3-Metyl but-1-in. D. 3- Metyl butin-2. Cu 4: A l mt hirocacbon c t khi hi so vi N2 bng 1,5. Bit A khng lm mt mu tm ca dung dch KMnO4. A l: A. Propan. B. Xiclopropan. C. Xiclobutan. D. Propylen. Cu 5: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C6H12. Khi cho X tc dng vi brom thu c cht hu c Y duy nht c cng thc phn t l C6H12Br2. Y l: A. 1,3-ibrom-2-Metyl pentan. B. 2,4-ibrom-2-Metyl pentan. C. 2,4-ibrom-3-Metyl pentan. D. 1,3-ibrom-2,2-imetylbutan . Cu 6: Hirocacbon X tc dng vi brom thu c cht Y c cng thc n gin nht l C3H6Br. Cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C3H6; C3H8. B. C6H12. C. C6H12; C6H14. D. C12H24. Cu 7: Cht hu c X mch h, phn nhnh c cha C, H, Br c KLPT l 135. Thy phn X trong dung dch NaOH un nng thu c anehit Y. Vy cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH2=C(CH3)-CHBr2. B. CH2=C(CH3)-CH2Br. C. Br-CH=C(CH3)2. D. Br2CH-CH=C(CH3)2. Cu 8: t chy ht 8,6 gam cht hu c A, thu c 0,6 mol CO2 v 0,7 mol H2O. Kt lun no di y l ng: A. A l C6H14O6. B. A l cht khng cha oxi, khng no. C. A l C3H8. D. A khng c phn ng cng. Cu 9: t chy 1 mol cht hu c A ch thu c 1 mol CO2 v 1 mol H2O. Hi A v kh NO2 nng bng nhau. Kt lun no di y l ng nht: A. A l mt hirocacbon. B. A l mt hp cht cha mt loi nhm chc. C. A l hp cht hu c n chc. D. A l axit hu c c khi lng phn t nh nht. Cu 10: A l mt cht hu c m khi t chy ch to kh cacbonic v hi nc, trong th tch CO2 gp i th tch hi nc (o cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). A c th l: A. Axit Oxalic (HOOC-COOH). B. imetyl Oxalat (CH3OOC-COOCH3). C. C5H5O3. D. CnHnOz vi n l s nguyn dng chn. Cu 11: t chy hon ton a mol axit cacboxylic (X) thu c 2a mol CO2. Mt khc trung ha a mol (X) cn 2a mol NaOH. X l axit: A. Khng no, c mt ni i C=C. B. n chc no. C. Oxalic. D. Axetic. Cu 12: Mt axit hu c khng lm mt mu dung dch brom v c cng thc n gin nht l C 4H3O2. S cng thc cu to c th ng vi axit ny l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha hc Thy Ngc

Bin lun cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c

Cu 13: Khi thc hin phn ng tch nc i vi ancol X, ch thu c mt anken duy nht. Oxi ho hon ton mt lng cht X thu c 5,6 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 5,4 gam nc. S cng thc cu to ph hp vi X l: A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007) Cu 14: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit: A. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. B. no, n chc. C. khng no c hai ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2007) Cu 15: un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H2 c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit: A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc. B. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc. C. no, hai chc. D. no, n chc. Cu 16: t chy hon ton mt anehit X, thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Nu cho X tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3, sinh ra s mol Ag gp bn ln s mol X phn ng. Cng thc ca X l: A. HCHO. B. CH3CHO. C. (CHO)2. D. C2H5CHO. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2008) Cu 17: Cht X tc dng vi Ag2O trong NH3 th cho s mol Ag gp 4 ln s mol X. t chy X cho s mol CO2 gp 4 ln s mol X. 1 mol X lm mt mu 2 mol Br2 trong nc. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. OHC-CH=CH-CHO. B. OHC-C C-CHO. C. OHC-CH2-CH2-CHO. D. CH2=C(CHO)2. Cu 18: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na, tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1:1. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH. B. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. C. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO. D. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009) Cu 19: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C4H10O2. Oxi ho X bng CuO d nung nng thu c cht hu c Y. Khi cho Y tc dng vi Ag2O trong dung dch NH3 un nng th c 1 mol Y th thu c ti a 4 mol Ag. S cht X tho mn cc iu kin trn l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 20: Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l: A. CH2=CH-CHO. B. OHC-CHO. C. HCHO. D. CH3CHO. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007) Cu 21: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ha X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. CH3CHO. B. OHC-CHO. C. HCHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CHO. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2007) Cu 22: Hiro ho anehit oxalic (OHC-CHO) thu c s sn phm hu c ti a l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 23: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, t0) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l A. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2). B. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2).
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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha hc Thy Ngc

Bin lun cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c

C. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n

0).

Br2 Cu 24: Cho s chuyn ha sau: M Kt lun no sau y ng: A. M l C3H6 v N l CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. B. M l C3H6 v N l CH2(OH)CH2CH2OH. C. M l xiclopropan v N l CH2(OH)CH2CH2OH. D. M l C3H8, N l glixerin (glixerol) C3H5(OH)3. Cu 25: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi NaHCO3 th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l: A. etylen glicol. B. axit aipic. C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009) Cu 26: t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO2. Mt khc, trung ha a mol Y cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l: A. HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH. B. C2H5-COOH. C. CH3-COOH. D. HOOC-COOH. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2007) Cu 27: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Nu trung ha 0,3 mol X th cn dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l: A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH2-COOH. C. HCOOH, C2H5COOH. D. HCOOH, CH3COOH. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2009) Cu 28: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO3 thu c 7,28 gam mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. CH2=CH-COOH. B. HCC-COOH. C. CH3-CH2-COOH. D. CH3COOH. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007) Cu 29: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc).t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l: A. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 70,87%. B. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 54,88%. C. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%. D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009) Cu 30: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O2 (cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tch kh CO2 thu c vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. O=CH-CH2-CH2OH. B. HOOC-CHO. C. CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOC2H5. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009) Cu 31: Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi 1,85 gam X, thu c th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,7 gam N2 (o cng iu kin). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l: A. C2H5COOCH3 v HCOOCH(CH3)2. B. HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3. C. C2H3COOC2H5 v C2H5COOC2H3. D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3 v CH3COOC2H5. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2007) Cu 32: Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 (vi xc tc axit), thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l: A. ancol metylic. B. etyl axetat. C. axit fomic. D. ancol etylic. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2007)

D. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0). (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2009) CuO ,t 0 NaOH ( du ) C3H6Br2 N anehit 2 chc

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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha hc Thy Ngc

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Cu 33: X phng ha mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C10H14O6 trong dung dch NaOH (d), thu c glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc ca ba mui l: A. CH2=CH-COONa, HCOONa v CH C-COONa. B. CH3-COONa, HCOONa v CH3-CH=CH-COONa. C. HCOONa, CH C-COONa v CH3-CH2-COONa. D. CH2=CH-COONa, CH3-CH2-COONa v HCOONa. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2009) Cu 34: Este X khng no, mch h c t khi so vi oxi l 3,125 v khi tham gia phn ng x phng ha to ra mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi X: A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007) Cu 35: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l: A. HCOOCH3. B. HCOOCH=CH2. C. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3. D. CH3COOCH=CH2 . (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007) Cu 36: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C5H8O2. Cho 5 gam X tc dng va ht vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt hp cht hu c khng lm mt mu nc brom v 3,4 gam mt mui. Cng thc ca X l: A. CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2. B. HCOOC(CH3)=CHCH3. C. HCOOCH2CH=CHCH3. D. HCOOCH=CHCH2CH3. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2009) Cu 37: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l: A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3. C. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2008) Cu 38: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C4H6O4 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (un nng) theo phng trnh phn ng: C4H6O4 + 2NaOH 2Z + Y. oxi ho ht a mol Y th cn va 2a mol CuO (un nng), sau phn ng to thnh a mol cht T (bit Y, Z, T l cc hp cht hu c). Khi lng phn t ca T l: A. 44 vC. B. 58 vC. C. 82 vC. D. 118 vC. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2008) Cu 39: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C2H4O2. X tc dng vi Na v vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3, t0. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. HCOOCH3. B. CH3COOH. C. HOCH2CHO. D. HOCH=CHOH. Cu 40: Cht hu c A c cng thc v C2H4O3. A tc dng vi Na v NaHCO3 u thu c s mol kh ng bng s mol A phn ng. A c cng thc cu to l : A. HOCH2COOH. B. OHC-COOH. C. HCOOCH2OH. D. CH3O-COOH. Cu 41: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C3H6O2, tc dng c vi NaOH v c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ng ca X l: A. CH3CH2COOH. B. HCOOCH2CH3. C. HOCH2CH2CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CHO. Cu 42: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C3H6O2, tc dng c vi Na v dung dch AgNO3/NH3, t0. Cho hi ca X tc dng vi CuO, t0 thu c cht hu c Y a chc. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH3CH2COOH. B. HCOOCH2CH3. C. HOCH2CH2CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CHO. Cu 43: Cht hu c X n chc c cng thc phn t l C3H6O2 khi tc dng vi NaOH un nng thu c mui Y c phn t khi nh hn phn t khi ca X. Tn gi ng ca X l: A. Metyl axetat. B. Etyl fomiat. C. Axit propionic. D. Metyl fomiat.

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Cu 44: Hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. C X v Y u tc dng vi Na; X tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l: A. C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5. B. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2COCH3. C. HCOOC2H5 v HOCH2CH2CHO. D. C2H5COOH v CH3CH(OH)CHO. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2009) Cu 45: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C3H6O3. X khng tc dng vi NaHCO3 nhng tc dng c vi NaOH v mui thu c li tc dng vi Na gii phng H2. Oxi ho X trong iu kin thch hp thu c cht hu c Y tp chc. Y c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH3-CH(OH)-COOH. B. HO-CH2-CH2-COOH. C. HO-CH2-CO-CH2-OH. D. HO-CH2-COOCH3. Cu 46: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C3H6O3. X khng tc dng vi NaHCO3 nhng tc dng c vi Na gii phng H2. Hiro ho X trong iu kin thch hp thu c cht hu c Y a chc. X khng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng nhng Y c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH3-CH(OH)-COOH. B. HO-CH2-CH2-COOH. C. HO-CH2-CO-CH2-OH. D. HO-CH2-COOCH3 . Cu 47: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C3H6O3. X tc dng vi NaHCO3 v mui thu c tc dng vi Na gii phng H2. Oxi ho X trong iu kin thch hp thu c cht hu c Y tp chc. Y khng c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH3-CH(OH)-COOH. B. HO-CH2-CH2-COOH. C. HO-CH2-CO-CH2-OH. D. HO-CH2-COOCH3. Cu 48: Este X c cng thc phn t l C4H8O2, tc dng vi NaOH un nng thu c mui Y v ancol Z. Oxi ho Z bng CuO thu c cht hu c T c phn ng trng gng. Khi cho 1 mol T phn ng trng gng thu ti a 4 mol Ag. Tn gi ca X l: A. Metyl propionat. B. Etyl axetat. C. n-propyl fomiat. D. Isopropyl fomiat. Cu 49: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C4H10O2. hirat ho X thu c butaien-1,3 (duy nht). Tn gi ca X l: A. Butan-2,3-iol. B. Butan-1,3-iol. C. Butan-1,4-iol. D. Butan-1,2-iol. Cu 50: Este X c cng thc phn t l C4H8O2. X tc dng vi NaOH un nng thu c mui Y v ancol Z. Oxi ho Z bng CuO thu c cht hu c T khng c phn ng trng gng. Tn gi ng ca X l: A. Metyl propionat. B. Etyl axetat. C. n-propyl fomiat. D. Isopropyl fomiat. Cu 51: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C4H10O2. X tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng. Oxi ho X bng CuO d nung nng thu c cht hu c Y (phn ng theo t l mol 1:1). Khi cho Y tc dng vi Ag2O d trong dung dch NH3 un nng th c 1 mol Y th thu c ti a 2 mol Ag. Tn gi ca X l: A. Butan-1,2-iol. B. Butan-2,3-iol. C. 2-Metylpropan-1,2-iol. D. Butan-3,4-iol. Cu 52: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C4H10O2. X tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng. Oxi ho X bng CuO d nung nng thu c cht hu c Y (phn ng theo t l mol 1:2). Khi cho Y tc dng vi Ag2O d trong dung dch NH3 un nng th c 1 mol Y th thu c ti a 2 mol Ag. Tn gi ca X l: A. Butan-1,2-iol. B. Butan-2,3-iol. C. 2-Metylpropan-1,2-iol. D. Butan-3,4-iol. Cu 53: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C4H10O2. X tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng. Oxi ho X bng CuO d nung nng thu c cht hu c Y (phn ng theo t l mol 1:2). Y khng tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3, t0. Tn gi ca X l: A. Butan-1,2-iol. B. Butan-2,3-iol. C. 2-Metylpropan-1,2-iol. D. Butan-3,4-iol . Cu 54: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2. X tc dng vi NaOH un nng thu c hai cht hu c Y v Z. C Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Vy cng thc cu to ca X l: A. HCOO-CH2-CH=CH2. B. H-COO-CH=CH-CH3. C. H-COO-C(CH3)=CH2. D. CH3-COO-CH=CH2.

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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha hc Thy Ngc

Bin lun cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c

Cu 55: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu c axetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l: A. CH2=CH-COO-CH3. B. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2. C. HCOO-CH=CH-CH3. D. CH3COO-CH=CH2. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2007) Cu 56: Thc hin phn ng este ho ancol n chc X vi axit Y thu c este Z c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2. Y c phn ng trng gng v phn ng lm mt mu nc brom. Cng thc cu to ca Z l: A. HCOO-CH2-CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-COOCH3. C. HCOO-CH=CH-CH3. D. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2. Cu 57: Thc hin phn ng este ho ancol n chc X vi axit Y thu c este Z c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2. Y khng c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca Z l: A. HCOO-CH2-CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-COOCH3. C. HCOO-CH=CH-CH3. D. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2. Cu 58: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C4H8O3. X tc dng vi NaHCO3 v mui thu c tc dng vi Na gii phng H2. Hi ca X khng tc dng vi CuO nung nng. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH3-C(CH3)(OH)-COOH. B. HO-CH2-CH2- CH2-COOH. C. HO-CH2-CO-CH2-CH2-OH. D. HO-CH2-CH2-COOCH3. Cu 59: Cht hu c X n chc c mch h, phn nhnh c cng thc phn t l C 5H8O2. X tc dng vi NaOH un nng thu c mui Y c phn t khi nh hn phn t khi ca X v ancol T. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3. B. CH2=CH-CH(CH3)-COOH. C. HCOO-CH2-C(CH3)=CH2. D. HCOO-CH=C(CH3)-CH3. Cu 60: Cht hu c X n chc c cng thc phn t l C6H10O2. Khi cho X tc dng vi NaOH un nng cho mui c cng thc phn t l C3H3O2Na v cht hu c Z. Z tc dng vi CuO thu c sn phm c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH2=CH-COOCH2-CH2-CH3. B. CH2=CH-COOCH(CH3)-CH3. C. CH3-CH2-COOCH=CH2. D. CH2=C(CH3)-COOC2H5. Cu 61: un nng este n chc X vi NaOH thu c mt mui v mt anehit. Cng thc chung no di y tho mn iu kin trn: A. HCOOR. B. R-COO-CH=CH-R. C. R-COO-C(R')=CH2. D. R-CH=CH-COOR'. Cu 62: Cht hu c Y c cng thc phn t l C9H8O2. Y khng tc dng vi Na v khng c phn ng trng gng nhng Y li phn ng vi NaOH khi un nng theo t l mol l 1:2. Cng thc cu to ca Y l: A. CH3COO-C6H5. B. CH2=CH-COOC6H5. C. H-COO-CH2-C6H5 . D. H-COO-C6H4-CH=CH2. Cu 63: Hp cht X cha vng benzen v c cng thc phn t l C8H10O. Oxi ho X thu c anehit Y. Tch nc X thu c hirocacbon Z. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. C6H5CH(OH)CH3. B. C6H5CH2CH2OH. C. p-CH3-C6H4-CH2OH. D. m-CH3-C6H4-CH2OH. Cu 64: Thc hin phn ng este ho gia axit aipic vi ancol n chc X thu c este Y1 v Y2 trong Y1 c cng thc phn t l C8H14O4. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH3OH. B. C2H5OH. C. A hoc B. D. C3H5OH. Cu 65: Hp cht hu c A mch h, khng phn nhnh v ch cha mt loi nhm chc c cng thc phn t C8H14O4. Cho A tc dng dung dch NaOH thu c mt ancol duy nht l CH3OH v mt mui natri ca axit hu c B. Tn gi ca A l: A. imetylaipat. B. imetyl oxalat. C. Metyl acrylat. D. Metyl propionat. Cu 66: Este A1 khng tc dng vi Na. Cho A1 tc dng dung dch NaOH thu c mt ancol duy nht l CH3OH v mui natri aipat. Cng thc phn t ca A1 l: A. C2H4O2. B. C4H6O4. C. C6H10O4. D. C8H14O4. Cu 67: Thc hin phn ng ete ho gia etilen glicol vi ancol n chc X thu c ete Y1 v Y2 trong Y1 c cng thc phn t l C4H10O2. Y1 khng tc dng vi Na. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH3OH. B. C2H5OH. C. A hoc B. D. C3H5OH.

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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha hc Thy Ngc

Bin lun cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c

Cu 68: Thc hin phn ng hirat ho 2 phn t H2O t glixerin thu c cht hu c Y. Y c phn ng trng gng v phn ng lm mt mu nc brom. Cng thc cu to ca Y l: A. CH2=CHCHO. B. HO-CH2-CH=C=O. C. HO-CH2-CO-CH3. D. HO-CH2-CH2-CHO. Cu 69: un nng glixerin vi axit hu c n chc X (xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c hn hp cc este trong c mt este c cng thc phn t l C12H14O6. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. HCOOH. B. CH3COOH. C. CH2=CH-COOH. D. CH3CH2COOH. Cu 70: un nng etilen glicol (HO-CH2-CH2-OH) vi axit hu c n chc X (xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c hn hp cc este trong c mt este c cng thc phn t l C8H10O4. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. HCOOH. B. CH3COOH. C. CH2=CH-COOH. D. CH3CH2COOH. Cu 71: Khi un nng cht hu c X vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:2 thu c etilenglicol (HO -CH2-CH2OH) v mui natri axetat. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH3COOCH2-CH2OH. B. (CH3COO)2CH-CH3. C. CH3COOCH2-CH2-OOC-CH3. D. CH3COOCH(OH)-CH3. Cu 72: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C3H6Cl2. Thu phn X trong dung dch NaOH un nng thu c cht hu c Y c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit phng. Tn gi ca X l: A. 1,2-iclopropan. B. 1,1-iclopropan. C. 1,3-iclopropan. D. 2,2-iclopropan. Cu 73: Cht hu c X c cng thc n gin nht l CHCl2. Thu phn X trong dung dch NaOH un nng thu c cht hu c Y (cha C, H, O) c phn ng trng gng. Tn gi ca X l: A. 1,1,2,2-Tetracloetan. B. 1,1,1,2-Tetracloetan. C. 1,2,2,2-Tetraclo etan. D. 1,1-icloetan. Cu 74: Cho a mol hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C7H8O2 tc dng vi natri d thu c a mol kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc, a mol X ni trn tc dng va vi a mol Ba(OH)2. Trong phn t X c th cha: A. 1 nhm cacboxyl COOH lin kt vi nhn thm. B. 1 nhm CH2OH v 1 nhm OH lin kt vi nhn thm. C. 2 nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi nhn thm. D. 1 nhm O CH2OH lin kt vi nhn thm. Cu 75: C hai hp cht hu c mch h X, Y l ng phn ca nhau, trong X l hp cht n chc, Y l hp cht a chc. Cng thc n gin nht ca chng l C 2H4O. X, Y tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. Vy X, Y l: A. X l axit n chc, Y l ancol 2 chc. B. X l axit n chc, Y l ancol 3 chc. C. X l axit n chc, Y l anehit n chc . D. X l axit n chc, Y l ancol n chc. Cu 76: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C4H6O6. Khi cho X tc dng vi Na v vi NaHCO3 th u thu c kh H2 v CO2 c s mol gp i s mol ca X. Kt lun no di y l ng: A. X c 2 nhm COOH v 2 nhm OH. B. X c 3 nhm COOH. C. X c 4 nhm OH v 1 nhm COOH. D. X c 1 nhm -COOH v 4 nhm OH. Cu 77: Cho cht X tc dng vi NaHCO3 v Na th s mol H2 bay ra ng bng s mol X phn ng. Mt khc, 1 mol X tc dng va ht vi 2 mol NaOH. Kt lun no di y l ng: A. X c 2 nhm OH v 1 nhm COOH. B. X c 1 nhm OH ; 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi vng benzen. C. X c 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi vng benzen v 1 nhm -COO-. D. X c 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm OH lin kt trc tip cacbon no v 1 nhm -COO-. Cu 78: Cht X c cng thc phn t l C6H10O4. un nng cht X trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c axit fomic, ancol metylic v cht hu c Y. Kt lun no di y l ng: A. Y c 2 nhm OH.
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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha hc Thy Ngc

Bin lun cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c

B. Y c 1 nhm -COOH v 1 nhm CHO. C. Y c 1 nhm -OH v 1 nhm COOH. D. Y c 2 nhm -COO- (este). Cu 79: Este X c cng thc phn t l C4H4O4. un nng X vi NaOH thu c mt mui ca axit no v mt ancol no. c im cu to ca este X l: A. 2 chc, mch h. B. 2 chc mch vng. C. Tp chc, mch h . D. Tp chc, mch vng. Cu 80: X tc dng vi Na v NaHCO3 u thu c s mol kh bng s mol X phn ng. Khi cho X tc dng vi Ag2O/NH3 un nng cho s mol Ag gp i s mol X. X cha cc nhm chc: A. 1 nhm COOH; 2 nhm OH v 1 nhm CHO. B. 1 nhm COOH; 1 nhm OH v 1 nhm CHO. C. 2 nhm COOH; 1 nhm OH v 1 nhm CHO. D. 1 nhm COOH; 1 nhm OH v 2 nhm CHO. Cu 81: Cho hn hp gm 2 hp cht hu c mch thng X, Y (ch cha C, H, O) tc dng va vi 8 gam NaOH, thu c mt ancol n chc v 2 mui ca hai axit hu c n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Lng ancol thu c cho tc dng vi Na d to ra 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Kt lun no di y l ng: A. X l axit n chc; Y l este n chc. B. X l este n chc v Y l axit n chc. C. X, Y u l axit no, n chc. D. X, Y u l este n chc. Cu 82: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C3H6O2. Hiro ha X thu c hp cht Y c cng thc C4H10O2. Oxi ha X trong iu kin thch hp thu c cht hu c Z a chc c cng thc phn t l C3H4O4. X cha chc g? A. Chc este. B. C chc ancol v chc anehit . C. Chc anehit. D. Chc axit. Cu 83: Cho hai hp cht hu c mch h X, Y l ng phn ca nhau, trong X l hp cht n chc, Y l hp cht a chc. Cng thc n gin ca chng l C2H4O. X, Y tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. Kt lun no di y l ng: A. X l axit n chc, Y l ancol 2 chc. B. X l axit n chc, Y l ancol 3 chc. C. X l ancol n chc, Y l axit a chc. D. X l axit n chc, Y l ancol n chc. Cu 84: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C5H8O5. X tc dng NaOH theo t l 1: 2. X khng tc dng vi NaHCO3 nhng phn ng c vi Na gii phng kh H2. Kt lun no di y l ng: A. X c 1 nhm OH v 2 nhm COO-. B. X c 2 nhm OH v 1 nhm COO- v 1 nhm CHO. C. X c 3 nhm OH v 1 nhm COO-. D. X c 2 nhm OH v 2 nhm COO-. Cu 85: un nng hn hp X gm hai cht hu c n chc (cha C,H, O) vi NaOH (phn ng va ) thu c hn hp c cha 1 mui v 1 ancol. Kt lun no di y l ng: A. Hn hp X gm 1 axit v 1 ancol. B. Hn hp X gm mt axit v 1 este ca axit . C. Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 1 este ca ancol . D. C A, B, C u ng. Cu 86: un nng mt hp cht X (cha C, H, O) vi NaOH thu c mui ch cha 3 nhm -COONa v hai ancol n chc theo t l mol 1:1. Khi cho 1 mol X tc dng vi Na th s mol H2 thu c l: A. 0,5 mol. B. 1 mol . C. 1,5 mol . D. 2 mol. Cu 87: Este X c cc c im sau: - t chy hon ton X to thnh CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau; -Thu phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y (tham gia phn ng trng gng) v cht Z (c s nguyn t cacbon bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong X). Pht biu khng ng l:

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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha hc Thy Ngc

Bin lun cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c

A. Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc. B. t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra sn phm gm 2 mol CO2 v 2 mol H2O. C. Cht Y tan v hn trong nc. D. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c 170oC thu c anken. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2008) Cu 88: Cho m gam hn hp gm hai cht hu c n chc, mch h tc dng va vi dung dch cha 11,2 gam KOH, thu c mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol X. Cho ton b X tc dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Hai cht hu c l: A. mt este v mt axit. B. hai axit. C. hai este. D. mt este v mt ancol . (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2009) Cu 89: Mt hn hp X gm hai cht hu c n chc. Cho X phn ng va vi 500 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Sau phn ng, thu c hn hp Y gm hai mui ca hai axit cacboxylic v mt ancol (ancol). Cho ton b lng ancol thu c trn tc dng vi Na (d), sinh ra 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Hn hp X gm: A. mt axit v mt este. B. mt este v mt ancol . C. hai este. D. mt axit v mt ancol . (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2008) Cu 90: em t chy hon ton ancol X thu c CO2 v nc theo t l mol l 3:4. S ancol tho mn iu kin trn l: A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6. Cu 91: C mt axit no X v ancol no Y (u mch h). Trn 0,2 mol X vi 0,3 mol Y tc dng vi Na d thu c 7,84 lt H2 (ktc). Th tch H2 (ktc) thu c khi trn 0,3 mol X vi 0,2 mol Y ri cho tc dng vi Na d l: A. 6,72 lt. B. 7,84 lt. C. 8,96 lt. D. 10,08 lt. Cu 92: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z u phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-O-CH3, (CH3)2CO. B. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. C. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. D. CH2=CH-CH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2008) Cu 93: Trong phn t aminoaxit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l: A. H2NC3H6COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH. C. H2NC2H4COOH. D. H2NC4H8COOH. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2008) Cu 94: Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 3,67 gam mui khan. Mt khc 0,02 mol X tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH 4%. Cng thc ca X l: A. H2NC2H3(COOH)2 . B. H2NC3H5(COOH)2. C. (H2N)2C3H5COOH . D. H2NC3H6COOH. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009) Cu 95: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht, va tc dng c vi axit va tc dng c vi kim trong iu kin thch hp. Trong phn t X, thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc nguyn t C, H, N ln lt bng 40,449%; 7,865% v 15,73%; cn li l oxi. Khi cho 4,45 gam X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH (un nng) thu c 4,85 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. CH2=CHCOONH4 . B. H2NC2H4COOH. C. H2NCOO-CH2CH3 . D. H2NCH2COO-CH3 . (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007)

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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha hc Thy Ngc

Bin lun cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c

Cu 96: Cho 8,9 gam mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C3H7O2N phn ng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c 11,7 gam cht rn. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. HCOOH3NCH=CH2. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH. C. CH2=CHCOONH4 . D. H2NCH2COOCH3. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2008) Cu 97: Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t C 3H9O2N tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z. C cn Z thu c 1,64 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. HCOONH3CH2CH3. B. CH3COONH3CH3. C. CH3CH2COONH4 . D. HCOONH2(CH3)2. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2009) Cu 98: Cho cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C2H8O3N2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c cht hu c n chc Y v cc cht v c. Khi lng phn t (theo vC) ca Y l: A. 85. B. 68. C. 45. D. 46. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2008) Cu 99: A l hp cht hu c c cng thc phn t l C4H9O2N. un nng A vi dung dch NaOH thu c mui B c cng thc phn t l C2H4O2NNa (c 1 nhm -NH2). Cng thc cu to ca A l: A. H2N-CH2-COOC2H5. B. CH3-NH-COOC2H5. C. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOCH3. D. CH3-NH-CH2COOCH3. Cu 100: A l mt hp cht hu c c cng thc phn t C5H11O2N. un A vi dung dch NaOH thu c mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C2H4O2NNa v cht hu c B. Cho hi B qua CuO, t0 thu c cht hu c D c kh nng cho phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca A l: A. CH2=CHCOONH3C2H5. B. CH3(CH2)4NO2. C. H2NCH2CH2COOC2H5. D. NH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH3. Cu 101: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2. Khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, X to ra H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z; cn Y to ra CH2=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht Z v T ln lt l: A. CH3OH v NH3. B. CH3OH v CH3NH2. C. CH3NH2 v NH3. D. C2H5OH v N2. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009) Cu 102: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht, va tc dng c vi axit va tc dng c vi kim trong iu kin thch hp. Trong phn t X, thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc nguyn t C, H, N ln lt bng 40,449%; 7,865% v 15,73%; cn li l oxi. Khi cho 4,45 gam X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH (un nng) thu c 4,85 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. CH2=CHCOONH4. B. H2NC2H4COOH. C. H2NCOO-CH2CH3 . D. H2NCH2COO-CH3 . (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2007) Cu 103: Cht c cng thc phn t C3H9O2N c bao nhiu ng phn cu to va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH va tc dng vi dung dch HCl: A. 3. B. 9. C. 12. D. 15. Cu 104: Mt cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C3H9O2N. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH un nh, thu c mui Y v kh lm xanh giy qu tm t. Nung Y vi vi ti xt thu c kh metan. Cng thc cu to ph hp ca X l: A. CH3COOCH2NH2 . B. C2H5COONH4. C. CH3COONH3CH3 . D. C A, B, C. Cu 105: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2. Khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, X to ra H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z; cn Y to ra CH2=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht Z v T ln lt l: A. CH3OH v CH3NH2. B. C2H5OH v N2. C. CH3OH v NH3. D. CH3NH2 v NH3. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009)

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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha hc Thy Ngc

Bin lun cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c

Cu 106: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C3H10O2N. X tc dng vi NaOH un nng thu c mui Y v amin Y1 c bc II. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH3COONH3CH3 . B. HCOONH3(CH3)2. C. HCOONH3CH2CH3. D. CH3CH2COONH4. Cu 107: A l hp cht hu c c cng thc phn t l C4H9O2N. un nng A vi dung dch NaOH thu c mui B c cng thc phn t l C2H4O2NNa (c 1 nhm -NH2). Cng thc cu to ca A l: A. H2N-CH2-COOC2H5. B. CH3-NH-COOC2H5. C. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOCH3. D. CH3-NH-CH2COOCH3. Cu 108: Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N. Bit: X + NaOH Y + CH4O Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl Cng thc cu to ca X v Z ln lt l: A. H2NCH2CH2COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH. B. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOH. C. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 v CH3CH(NH2)COOH. D. H2NCH2COOC2H5 v ClH3NCH2COOH. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2009) Cu 109: Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t C3H9O2N tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c kh Y v dung dch Z. C cn Z thu c 1,64 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l: A. HCOONH3CH2CH3. B. CH3COONH3CH3 . C. CH3CH2COONH4 . D. HCOONH2(CH3)2. (Trch thi tuyn sinh Cao ng 2009) Cu 110: Hp cht X mch h c cng thc phn t l C4H9NO2. Cho 10,3 gam X phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra mt cht kh Y v dung dch Z. Kh Y nng hn khng kh, lm giy qu tm m chuyn mu xanh. Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom. C cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 8,2. B. 10,8. C. 9,4. D. 9,6. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi A 2009) Cu 111: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2. Khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, X to ra H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z; cn Y to ra CH2=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht Z v T ln lt l: A. CH3OH v NH3. B. CH3OH v CH3NH2. C. CH3NH2 v NH3. D. C2H5OH v N2. (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2009)

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