Vng trn lng gic

1
VNG TRN LNG GIC
I.t vn .
- Gii bi tp v dao ng iu ha p dng vng trn lng gic (VTLG) chnh l s dng
mi quan h gia chuyn ng thng v chuyn ng trn.
- Mt im d...h trn mt on thng lun lun c th c coi l hnh chiu ca mt im
M chuyn ng trn u ln ng knh ca on thng .
II.Vng trn lng gic.
- Mt vt dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh : x = Acos(t + )cm ; (t o bng s) , c biu
din bng vct quay trn VTLG nh sau:
B
1
: V mt vng trn c bn knh bng bin R = A
B
2
: Trc Ox nm ngang lm gc.
B
3
: Xc nh pha ban u trn vng trn (v tr xut
pht).
Quy c :
Chiu dng t tri sang phi.
- Chiu quay l chiu ngc chiu kim ng h.
- Khi vt chuyn ng trn trc Ox : theo chiu m.
- Khi vt chuyn ng di trc Ox : theo chiu
dng.



- C bn v tr c bit trn vng trn:
M : v tr bin dng x
max
= +A y = 0 ; (y l v tr mc ly gc )
N : v tr cn bng theo chiu m y = + /2 hoc = 3/2
P : v tr bin m x
max
= - A y =
Q : v tr cn bng theo chiu dng y = /2 hoc = +3/2


V d :
Biu din phng trnh sau bng vct quay :
a. x = 6cos(t + /3)cm b.x = 6cos(t /4)cm
Gii:







III.Dng bi tp
1.Dng mt : Xc nh trong khong thi gian t vt qua mt v tr cho trc my ln.
Phng php :
+ Biu din trn vng trn , xc nh v tr xut pht.
+ Xc nh gc qut = t.
+ Phn tch gc qut = n
1
.2 + n
2
. + ;
Mc ly gc
> 0

< 0

O x
A
-A VTCB +A
O +
P M
N







Q
-6 0 +6
60
0
a
.
M(t = 0)
-6 0 +6
45
0
N(t = 0)
b
.

Vng trn lng gic
2
n
1
v n
2
: s nguyn ; v d : = 9 = 4.2 +
+ Biu din v m trn vng trn.
- Khi vt qut mt gc = 2 (mt chu k th qua mt v tr bt k 2 ln , mt ln theo chiu
dng , mt ln theo chiu m )
V d : Vt d...d vi phng trnh : x = 6cos(5t + /6)cm (1)
a.Trong khong thi gian 2,5s vt qua v tr x = 3cm my ln.
b.Trong khong thi gian 2s vt qua v tr x = 4cm theo chiu dng my ln.
c.Trong khong thi gian 2,5s vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng my
ln.
d.Trong khong thi gian 2s vt qua v tr cn bng my ln.
Gii:
Trc tin ta biu din pt (1) trn vng trn, vi = /6(rad)
-Vt xut pht t M , theo chiu m. (Hnh 1 )
a.Trong khong thi gian t = 2,5s
=> gc qut = t. = 2,5.5 = 12,5 = 6.2 + /2
T vng trn ta thy: (Hnh 2)
- trong mt chu k vt qua x = 3cm c 2 ln ti P
(chiu m )
v Q
(chiu dng )

- trong
1
= 6.2 ; 6 chu k vt qua x = 3cm c 6.2 = 12 ln
- cn li
2
= /2 t M N vt qua x = 3cm mt ln ti P
(chiu m )

Vy: Trong khong thi gian t = 2,5s vt qua x = 3cm c 13 ln
b.Trong khong thi gian t = 2 s
=> gc qut = t. = 2.5 = 10 = 5.2
Vt thc hin c 5 chu k (quay c 5 vng)
T vng trn ta thy: (Hnh 3)
- trong mt chu k vt qua v tr x = +4cm theo chiu dng c mt ln , ti N
Vy : trong 5 chu k th vt qua v tr x = 4cm theo chiu dng c 5 ln
c.Trong khong thi gian t = 2,5s
=> gc qut = t. = 2,5.5 = 12,5 = 6.2 + /2
T vng trn ta thy: (Hnh 4)
- Trong mt chu k vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng 1 ln ti N.
- Trong
1
= 6.2 ; 6 chu k vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng 6
ln ti N.
- Cn li
2
= /2 t M P vt qua khng qua v tr cn bng theo chiu
dng ln no.
Vy trong khong thi gian t = 2,5s vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng 6 ln.
d.Trong khong thi gian t = 2s
=> gc qut = t. = 2.5 = 10 = 5.2
Vt thc hin c 5 chu k (quay c 5 vng)
T vng trn ta thy: (Hnh 5)
- Trong mt chu k vt qua v tr v tr cn bng 2 ln ti P
(chiu m )
v
Q
(chiu dng )
.
- Vy trong khong thi gian t = 2s vt qua v tr v tr cn bng 10 ln .
2. Dng hai: Xc nh thi im vt qua mt v tr c li bt k cho trc.
Phng php :
+ Biu din trn vng trn , xc nh v tr xut pht.
+ Xc nh gc qut
-6 0 3 +6
M
P
Q
N
30
0
-6 0 +4 +6
M
N
-6 0 +6
M
N
P
Hnh 2
Hnh 3
Hnh 4
-6 0 +6
M
Hnh 5
P
Q
-6 0 +6
M
30
0
Hnh 1
Vng trn lng gic
3
+ Thi im c xc nh : t =

e
A
(s)

VD1 : Vt d...d vi phng trnh : x = 8cos(5t /6)cm (1)
Xc nh thi im u tin :
a.vt qua v tr bin dng.
b.vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu m.
c. vt qua v tr bin m.
d. vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng.
Gii:

Trc tin ta biu din pt (1) trn vng trn, vi = /6(rad) = 30
0

-Vt xut pht t M , theo chiu dng. (Hnh 1 )
a. Khi vt qua v tr bin dng ln mt : ti v tr N
=> gc qut : =30
0
= /6(rad) => t =

e
A
=
1
6
( )
5 30
s
t
t
=

b.Khi vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu m ln mt :ti v tr P
=> gc qut :
=30
0
+ 90
0
= 120
0
= 2/3(rad)
=> t =

e
A
=
2
2
3
( )
5 15
s
t
t
=

c. Khi vt qua v tr bin m ln mt : ti v tr Q
=> gc qut :
=30
0
+ 90
0
+90
0
= 210
0
= 7/6(rad) => t =

e
A
=
7
7
6
( )
5 30
s
t
t
=
d.Khi vt qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng ln mt : ti v tr K => gc qut :
= 30
0
+ 90
0
+ 90
0
+90
0
= 300
0
= 5/3(rad) => t =

e
A
=
5
1
3
( )
5 3
s
t
t
=
VD2 : Vt d...d vi phng trnh :
x = 5cos(5t 2/3)cm. Xc nh thi im th 5 vt qua v tr
c li x = 2,5cm theo chiu m.
Gii :
Trc tin ta biu din pt trn vng trn,
vi = 2/3(rad) = -120
0

-Vt xut pht t M , theo chiu dng. (Hnh 1 )
Thi im u tin vt qua v tr c li x = 2,5cm theo
chiu m : ti v tr N :
1
= 2/3 + /2 + /6 = 4/3(rad)
Thi im th hai :
2
= 2(rad), (v quay thm mt vng)
Thi im th ba:
3
= 2(rad)
Thi im th t :
4
= 2(rad)
Thi im th nm :
5
= 2(rad)
- Gc qut tng cng :
= 4/3 + 4.2 =
1
+
2
+
3
+
4
+
5
= 28/3(rad) => t =

e
A
=
28
( )
15
s
-8 0 +8
M
N
P
Q
K
30
0
-8 0 +8
-30
0

M
Hnh 1
-5 -2,5 0 +5
Hnh 1 M
-120
0

N
/6
Vng trn lng gic
4
VD3 : Mt vt dao ng iu ha c phng trnh x 8cos10t. Thi im vt i qua v tr
x 4 ln th 2009 k t thi im bt u dao ng l :
A.
6025
30
(s). B.
6205
30
(s) C.
6250
30
(s) D.
6, 025
30
(s)
Gii:
Vt xut pht t bin dng (x
max
= +8).
Trong mt chu k th vt qua v tr x 4 c 2 ln ti M
(chiu m)
v N
(chiu dng)
ng thi gc qut l : = 2(rad)
Vy khi quay c 1004 vng (quanh +8) th qua x 4 c
1004.2 = 2008 ln, gc qut :

1
= 1004.2 = 2008(rad)
Cn li mt ln : t +8 n M : gc qut :
2
= /3(rad)
Vy gc qut tng cng l: =
1
+
2
= 2008 + /3 = 6025/3(rad)
Thi im : t =

e
A
=
6025
30
s => A
BI TP VN DNG DNG 2:
1. Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh x 4cos(4tt + /6) cm. Thi im th 3 vt
qua v tr x 2cm theo chiu dng.
A. 9/8 s B. 11/8 s C. 5/8 s D.1,5 s
2.Vt dao ng iu ha c ptrnh : x 5cost (cm).Vt qua VTCB ln th 3 vo thi im :
A. 2,5s. B. 2s. C. 6s. D. 2,4s
3. Vt dao ng iu ha c phng trnh : x 4cos(2t - ) (cm, s). Vt n im bin dng
B(+4) ln th 5 vo thi im :
A. 4,5s. B. 2,5s. C. 2s. D. 0,5s.
3. Mt vt dao ng iu ha c phng trnh : x 6cos(t /2) (cm, s). Thi gian vt i t
VTCB n lc qua im c x 3cm ln th 5 l :
A. 61/6s. B. 9/5s. C. 25/6s. D. 37/6s.
4. Mt vt DH vi phng trnh x 4cos(4tt + /6)cm. Thi im th 2009 vt qua v tr
x 2cm, k t t 0, l
A.
12049
24
s. B.
12061
s
24
C.
12025
s
24
D. p n khc
5. Mt vt dao ng iu ha c phng trnh x 8cos10t. Thi im vt i qua v tr x 4
ln th 2008 theo chiu m k t thi im bt u dao ng l :
A.
12043
30
(s). B.
10243
30
(s) C.
12403
30
(s) D.
12430
30
(s)
6. Con lc l xo dao ng iu ho trn mt phng ngang vi chu k T 1,5s, bin A
4cm, pha ban u l 5/6. Tnh t lc t 0, vt c to x 2 cm ln th 2005 vo thi
im no:
A. 1503s B. 1503,25s C. 1502,25s D. 1503,375s


3. Dng ba: Xc nh qung ng vt i c t thi im t
1
n t
2
.Vn tc ca vt.
a.Qung ng:
Phng php :
+ Biu din trn vng trn , xc nh v tr xut pht.
+ Xc nh gc qut = t. ; vi t = t
2
t
1

+ Phn tch gc qut : (Phn tch thnh cc tch s nguyn ca 2 hoc )
-8 0 4 +8
M
N
60
0
Vng trn lng gic
5
= n
1
.2 + n
2
. + ; n
1
v n
2
: s nguyn ; v d : = 9 = 4.2 +
+ Biu din v m trn vng trn v tnh trc tip t vng trn.
+ Tnh qung ng:
- Khi qut
1
= n
1
.2 th s
1
= n
1
.4.A
- Khi qut
2
th s
2
tnh trc tip t vng trn.
- Qung ng tng cng l : s = s
1
+ s
2

Khi vt quay mt gc : = n.2 (tc l thc hin n chu k) th qung ng l : s = n.4.A
Khi vt quay mt gc : = th qung ng l : s = 2A
Cc gc c bit :
cos30
0
=
3
2
; cos60
0
= 0,5 ; cos45
0
=
2
2

*Tnh qung ng ln nht v nh nht vt i c trong khong thi gian 0 < At <T/2.
Gc qut A = e.At v: rad
Qung ng ln nht :
ax
2Asin
2
M
S
A
=

Qung ng nh nht : 2 (1 os )
2
Min
S A c
A
=
b.Vn tc:





















V d 1: Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi phng
trnh : x 12cos(50t /2)cm. Qung ng vt i c
trong khong thi gian t /12(s), k t thi im gc l :
A. 6cm. B. 90cm. C. 102cm. D. 54cm.
Trc tin ta biu din pt trn vng trn,
vi = /2(rad) = 90
0

Vt xut pht t M (v tr cn bng theo chiu dng).
-12 0 +12
M
N
s2= 12cos60
0
60
0
30
0
Vn tc trung bnh v tc trung bnh
a. Vn tc trung bnh :

2 1
2 1
tb
x x
v
t t

trong :
2 1
x x x A = l di.
-Vn tc trung bnh trong mt chu k lun bng khng
b. Tc trung bnh : lun khc 0 ;
2 1
tb
S
v
t t
=

trong S l qung ng vt i c t t
1
n t
2
.
Lu : + Trong trng hp At > T/2 ;
Tch
'
2
T
t n t A = + A
trong
*
; 0 '
2
T
n N t e < A < ;
Trong thi gian
2
T
n
qung ng lun l 2nA ;
Trong thi gian At th qung ng ln nht, nh nht tnh nh trn.
+ Tc trung bnh ln nht v nh nht ca trong khong thi gian At:
ax
ax
M
tbM
S
v
t
=
A
v
Min
tbMin
S
v
t
=
A
vi S
Max
; S
Min
tnh nh trn.

Vng trn lng gic
6
M
6 -6
3 -3
N
60
0
60
0
=
25
.50
12 6
t t
= t = t
2
t
1
= /12(s) ; Gc qut : = t.
Phn tch gc qut =
25 (24 1)
2.2
6 6 6
t t t
t
+
= = = + ; Vy
1
= 2.2 v
2
=
6
t

Khi qut gc :
1
= 2.2 th s
1
= 2.4.A = 2.4.12 = 96cm , (quay 2 vng quanh M)
Khi qut gc :
2
=
6
t
vt i t M N th s
2
= 12cos60
0
= 6cm
- Qung ng tng cng l : s = s
1
+ s
2
= 96 + 6 = 102cm => C
V d 2: Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh : x 6cos(20t /3)cm.
Qung ng vt i c trong khong thi gian t 13/60(s), k t khi bt u dao ng l :
A. 6cm. B. 90cm. C.102cm. D. 54cm.
Gii:
Vt xut pht t M (theo chiu m)
Gc qut = t. = 13/3 =13/60.20 = 2.2 + /3
Trong
1
= 2.2 th s
1
= 2.4A = 48cm, (quay 2 vng quanh M)
Trong
2
= /3 vt i t M N th s
2
= 3 + 3 = 6 cm
Vy s = s
1
+ s
2
= 48 + 6 = 54cm => p n D



V d 3: Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi bin 6cm
v chu k 1s. Ti t = 0, vt i qua VTCB theo chiu m ca trc to .
a.Tng qung ng i c ca vt trong khong thi gian 2,375s k t thi im c chn
lm gc l :
A. 56,53cm B. 50cm C. 55,75cm D. 42cm
b.Tnh tc trung bnh trong khong thi gian trn.
Gii:
a. Ban u vt qua VTCB theo chiu m: M ;
Tn s gc: = 2 rad/s ; Sau t = 2,375s
=> Gc qut = t. = 4,75 = 19/4 = 2.2 + 3/4
Trong
1
= 2.2 th s
1
= 2.4A = 2.4.6 = 48cm
Trong
2
= 3/4 vt i t M n N
s
2
= A
(t M - 6)
+ (A Acos45
o
)
(t -6N )
Vy s = s
1
+ s
2
= 48 + A + (A Acos45
o
) = 55,75cm C
b.ADCT:

2 1
tb
S
v
t t
=

=
55, 75 55, 75
23, 47 /
2, 375 0 2, 375
cm s = =

V d 4:Mt cht im M dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh: x 2, 5cos 10 t
2
t | |
= t +
|
\ .
cm. Tm
tc trung bnh ca M trong 1 chu k dao ng
A. 50m/s B. 50cm/s C. 5m/s D. 5cm/s
Gii:
Trong mt chu k : s = 4A = 10cm => v
tb
=
10
50 /
0, 2
s s
cm s
t T
= = = B
BI TP VN DNG DNG 3:
M
-6 O +6
N
Acos45
o

45
0
Vng trn lng gic
7
a.Qung ng:
1. Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi bin 4cm, c sau mt khong thi gian 1/4 giy th ng
nng li bng th nng. Qung ng ln nht m vt i c trong khong thi gian 1/6 giy
l
A. 8 cm. B. 6 cm C. 2 cm. D. 4 cm.
2.Mt vt dao ng iu ha dc theo trc Ox, quanh v tr cn bng O vi bin A v chu k
T. Trong khong thi gian T/4, qung ng nh nht m vt c th i c l
A.
A(2- 2)
B. A C.
3 A
D. 1,5A.
3. Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi bin 6cm v chu k 1s. Ti t = 0, vt i qua
VTCB theo chiu m ca trc to . Tng qung ng i c ca vt trong khong thi
gian 2,375s k t thi im c chn lm gc l :
A. 56,53cm B. 50cm C. 55,77cm D. 42cm
4. Mt vt dao ng vi phng trnh x 4 2 cos(5t 3/4)cm. Qung ng vt i t thi
im t
1
1/10(s) n t
2
= 6s l :
A. 84,4cm B. 333,8cm C. 331,4cm D. 337,5cm
5. Mt cht im dao ng iu ho doc theo trc Ox. Phng trnh dao ng l:
x = 10cos (
5
2
6
t
t
t + ) cm . Qung ng vt i trong khong thi gian t t
1
= 1s n t
2

= 2,5s l:
A. 60 cm. B. 40cm. C. 30 cm. D. 50 cm.
6.Chn gc to ta VTCB ca vt dao ng iu ho theo phng trnh:
3
20 os( t- )
4
x c
t
t = (cm;
s). Qung ng vt i c t thi im t
1
= 0,5 s n thi im t
2
= 6 s l
A. 211,72 cm. B. 201,2 cm. C. 101,2 cm. D. 202,2cm.
7.Vt dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh : x = 5 cos (10t t + t )(cm). Thi gian vt i qung
ng S = 12,5cm (k t t = 0 ) l
A. 1/15 s B. 2/15 s C. 1/30 s D. 1/12 s
8. Mt vt dao ng iu ho vi phng trnh x = 6cos (2t /3)cm.cm. Tnh di qung
ng m vt i c trong khong thi gian t
1
= 1,5 s n t
2
=13/3 s
A. (50 + 5 3 )cm B.53cm C.46cm D. 66cm
9. Mt vt dao ng iu ho theo phng trnh: x = 5cos(
2
2
3
t
t
t ) cm
1.Tnh qung ng vt i c sau khong thi gian t = 0,5s k t lc bt u dao ng
A. 12cm B. 14cm C.10cm D.8cm
2.Tnh qung ng vt i c sau khong thi gian t = 2,4s k t lc bt u dao ng
A. 47,9 cm B.49,7cm C.48,7cm D.47,8cm
13. Mt vt dao ng theo phng trnh x = 4cos(10tt + t/4) cm. t tnh bng giy. Tm qung
ng vt i c k t khi vt c tc 0,2t3m/s ln th nht n khi ng nng bng 3 ln
th nng ln th t:
A.12cm B. 8+ 43cm C. 10+ 23cm D. 16cm
14. Con lc l xo treo thng ng, gm l xo cng k=100(N/m) v vt nng khi lng
m=100(g). Ko vt theo phng thng ng xung di lm l xo gin 3(cm), ri truyn cho
n vn tc 20 3 (cm / s) hng ln. Ly g= t
2
=10(m/s
2
). Trong khong thi gian 1/4 chu k
qung ng vt i c k t lc bt u chuyn ng l
A. 5,46(cm). B. 2,54(cm). C. 4,00(cm). D. 8,00(cm).
Vng trn lng gic
8
15. Mt con lc l xo gm mt l xo c cng k = 100N/m v vt c khi lng m =
250g, dao ng iu ho vi bin A = 6cm. Chn gc thi gian lc vt i qua v tr cn bng.
Qung ng vt i c trong /10s u tin l:
A. 6cm. B. 24cm. C. 9cm. D. 12cm.
16. Mt cht im dao ng iu ho quanh v tr cn bng O, trn qu o MN = 20cm. Thi
gian cht im i t M n N l 1s. Chn trc to chiu dng t M n N, gc thi gian lc
vt i qua v tr cn bng theo chiu dng. Qung ng m cht im i qua sau 9,5s k t
lc t = 0:
A. 190 cm B. 150 cm C. 180 cm D. 160 cm
18. Vt dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh : x = 4 cos (20tt-t/2) (cm). Qung ng vt i
trong 0,05s l?
A. 8cm B. 16cm C. 4cm D.2cm
19. Vt dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh : x = 2 cos (4tt - t )(cm). Qung ng vt i
trong 0,125s l?
A. 1cm B.2cm C. 4cm D.2cm
20. Vt dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh : x = 4 cos (20 t -2t /3)(cm). Tc ca vt sau
khi i qung ng S = 2cm (k t t = 0) l
A. 40cm/s B. 60cm/s C. 80cm/s d. Gi tr khc
21. Vt dao ng iu ha theo phng trnh : x = cos (t t - 2t /3)(dm). Thi gian vt i qung
ng S = 5cm ( k t t = 0) l :
A. 1/4 s B. 1/2 s C. 1/6 s D.1/12 s
b.Vn tc:
1. Mt cht im d. dc theo trc Ox. P.t dao ng l x = 6 cos (20tt-t /2) (cm). Vn tc trung
bnh ca cht im trn on t VTCB ti im c li 3cm l :
A. 360cm/s B. 120tcm/s C. 60tcm/s D.40cm/s
2.Mt cht im dao ng dc theo trc Ox. Phng trnh dao ng l x = 4 cos (4tt-t /2)
(cm). Vn tc trung bnh ca cht im trong chu k t li cc tiu n li cc i l :
A. 32cm/s B. 8cm/s C. 16tcm/s D.64cm/s
3.Chn gc to ta VTCB ca vt dao ng iu ho theo phng trnh:
3
20 os( t- )
4
x c
t
t = cm.
Tc trung bnh t thi im t
1
= 0,5 s n thi im t
2
= 6 s l
A. 34,8 cm/s. B. 38,4 m/s. C. 33,8 cm/s. D. 38,8 cm/s.


4.Dng 4 : p dng vng trn cho phng trnh ca vn tc v gia tc.
Phng php :
Mt vt dao ng iu ha vi phng trnh li : x = Acos(t + )cm
Th phng trnh ca vn tc ( sm pha hn li l t/2) => v = Acos(t + +t/2)cm/s
phng trnh ca gia tc (ngc pha vi li ) => a = A
2
cos(t + + t) cm/s
2
Nh vy bin ca vn tc l : v
max
= A
bin ca gia tc l : a
max
= A
2

Biu din bng vct quay :
-A.

0 +A.

v
Vng trn lng gic
9


VD : Mt con lc l xo dao ng
iu ha vi chu k T v bin 5
cm. Bit trong mt chu k, khong
thi gian vt nh ca con lc c
ln gia tc khng vt qu 100
cm/s
2
l T/3 Ly
2
= 10. Tn s
dao ng ca vt l :
A.4 Hz. B. 3 Hz. C. 1 Hz. D. 2 Hz.
Gii
Ta thy t = T/3 l khong thi gian gia tc khng vt
qu 100cm/s
2
.
Xt trong na chu k: Vt i t M N c gia tc khng
vt qu 100 cm/s
2
; gc qut 60
0
=> At = T/6.
Khi ta c o = 60
0
.
M coso =
2
100
. Ae

Suy ra e
2
=
0
100
. os60 Ac
= 40
Khi e = 40 2 10 = = 2t rad/s. Vy f = 1Hz
VD : Vt dao ng iu ha c v
max
= 3m/s v gia tc cc i bng 30t (m/s
2
). Thi im ban
u vt c vn tc 1,5m/s v th nng ang tng. Hi vo thi im no sau y vt c gia tc
bng 15t (m/s
2
):
A. 0,10s; B. 0,15s; C. 0,20s D. 0,05s;
Gii:
Ta c: A. = 3 v A.
2
= 30m/s
2
=> = 10 rad/s
Thi im t = 0, = - t/6, do x c biu din nh hnh v

V a v x ngc pha nhau nn t = 0 pha ca a c biu din trn
hnh v
Nh vy c hai thi im t tha mn bi ton (a = a
max
/2)
t
1
=
5
6
t
e
= 0,08s v t
2
=
3
2
t
e
= 0,15s





VD: Mt con lc l xo nm ngang ang dao ng t do. Ban u vt i qua v tr cn bng, sau
0,05s n cha i chiu chuyn ng v vn tc cn li mt na. Khong thi gian gia hai ln
lin tip c ng nng bng th nng l:
x
v
a
-A 0 +A
x,a,v trn cng h trc
-A.
2
0 +A.
2

a
Biu din vn tc v

-Ae
2
100 +Ae
2

30
0

o = 60
0

M N

-A O A
t = 0
Ae
2
/2
-Ae
2
Ae
2

t = 0
Vng trn lng gic
10
A. 0,05s B. 0,04s C. 0,075s D. 0,15s
Gii: Hai ln lin tip c ng nng bng th nng l T/4
- gi s vt qua VTCB theo chiu dng:
x = Acos(t /2)cm v v sm hn x l /2
=> v = Acos(t )cm/s ( tnh t v = +A.); v vt cha
i chiu nn vn theo chiu m => n lc vn tc cn
li mt na th vt M
v = v
max
/2 =>cos = v/v
max
= 0,5 gc qut = /3
=> = /t = 20/3 rad/s
=> t = T/4 = (2/)/4 = 0,075s => C
VD: Mt con lc l xo ,vt nng khi lng m=100g v l xo c cng k =10N/m dao ng
vi bin 2cm. Thi gian m vt c vn tc nh hn 103 cm/s trong mi chu k l bao
nhiu?
A. 0,628s B. 0,417s C. 0,742s D. 0,219s
Gii:
Tn s gc: = 10rad/s => v
max
= A. = 20 cm/s
- ta xt v tr c vn tc v = 103 cm/s ti M
=> cos = v/v
max
= 3/2 => = /6
- xt trong na chu k: ti M c v = 103 cm/s
=> ti N i xng vi M cng c v = 103 cm/s
=> t M n N ( vn tc nh hn 103 cm/s )
gc qut = /3 + /3 = 2/3 (rad) => t = 2/30 = /15 (s)
trong mt chu k th khong thi gian :
t

= (/15).2 = 2/15 = 0,4188(s)

Bi tp: Vt nh c khi lng 200 g trong mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha vi chu k T v bin 4 cm.
Bit trong mt chu k, khong thi gian vt nh c ln gia tc khng nh hn 5002 cm/s
2
l T/2.
cng ca l xo l:
A. 20 N/m. B. 50 N/m. C. 40 N/m. D. 30 N/m.
Chia s bi : Tuoiteen2011@gmail.com
-A. 0 A/2 +A.

M
60
0
M
30
0
N
103 103
-20 0 20