Hhkgboxmath

CC BI TON HNH KHNG GIAN CHO THI I HC
1 - Khi chp
Bi 1.1. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, tam gic SAB u v
SAD 90
0
. J l trung im SD. Tnh theo a th tch khi t din ACDJ v khong cch t D
n mt phng (ACJ).
Gii:
A
B
D
C
I
S
J
+
_
AD SA
AD AB
AD (SAB)
+ Gi I l trung im AB th AD SI (1). M SAB u nn SI AB(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra SI (ABCD). Do d(J, (ACD))
1
2
d(S, (ABCD))
1
2
SI
a
_
3
4
T suy ra V
ACDJ
1
3
.
1
2
.a
2
.
a
_
3
4

a
3
_
3
24
.
BCI vung ti B nn CI
2
CB
2
+BI
2
5a
2
4
SIC vung ti I nn SC
2
SI
2
+IC
2
2a
2
Tng t SD
2
SC
2
2a
2
SCD c CJ l ng trung tuyn nn CJ
2
SC
2
+CD
2
2

SD
4
4
a
2
Xt JAC c JA
a
_
2
; AC a
_
2; CJ a nn tnh c cosA
3
4
T sin
JAC
_
7
4
nn dt(JAC)
1
2
.
a
_
2
.
_
7
4

a
2
_
7
8
Vy d(D, (JAC))
3.
a
3
_
3
24
a
2
_
7
8
a
_
21
7

Nhn xt: C th tnh din tch tam gic JAC bng cch ly hnh chiu ca J trn mt y (l
trung im H ca DI). Trong mt y, k HK vung gc vi AC (hay HK song song vi BD) vi
K thuc AC th ch ra c JK vung gc vi AC v tnh c JK l ng cao tam gic JAC.
Bi 1.2. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi ; hai ng cho AC 2
_
3a, BD
2a v ct nhau ti O; hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD).
Bit khong cch t im O n mt phng (SAB) bng
a
_
3
4
, tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
theo a.
http://boxmath.vn/ 1
Gii:
D
A
C
B
O
S
H
K
I
T gi thit AC 2a
_
3; BD 2a v AC, BD vung gc vi nhau ti trung im O ca mi
ng cho. Ta c tam gic ABO vung ti O v AO a
_
3; BO a, do

ABD 60
o
hay tam
gic ABD u. T gi thit hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng
(ABCD) nn giao tuyn ca chng l SO(ABCD).
Do tam gic ABD u nn vi H l trung im ca AB, K l trung im ca HB ta c DH AB
v DH a
_
3; OK//DH v OK
1
2
DH
a
_
3
2
OK AB AB (SOK) Gi I l hnh chiu ca
O ln SK ta c OI SK; AB OI OI (SAB), hay OI l khong cch t O n mt phng
(SAB). Tam gic SOK vung ti O, OI l ng cao
1
OI
2

1
OK
2
+
1
SO
2
SO
a
2
Din tch
y S
ABCD
4S
ABO
2.OA.OB2
_
3a
2
; ng cao ca hnh chp SO
a
2
.
Th tch khi chp S.ABCD : V
S.ABCD
1
3
S
ABCD
.SO
_
3a
3
3

Bi 1.3. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh bng 3cm , cc cnh SA
SBSC 3cm. Tam gic SBD c din tch bng 6cm
2
.Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD.
Gii:
D
A
C
B
O
S
H
Gi H l hnh chiu ca S trn (ABCD) suy ra H nm trn BD (V SA SBSC, BD l trung
trc ca AC). Do SH ng cao ca hnh chp cng l ng cao ca tam gic SBD; Gi O
l giao im ca AC v BD. V SA SC DA DC nn SODO suy ra tam gic SBD l tam
gic vung ti S. V dt(SBD) 6 v SB3 nn SD 4; suy ra BD 5, SH
12
5
.
ABCD l hnh thoi c AD 3, DO
5
2
nn AO
_
11
2
suy ra dt(ABCD)
5
_
11
2
.
V
S.ABCD
1
3
SH.dt(ABCD) 2
_
11.
Vy th tch khi chp S.ABCD bng 2
_
11(cm
3
).
Bi 1.4. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c SA 3a (vi a >0); SA to vi y (ABC) mt gc bng 60
0
.
Tam gic ABC vung ti B,
ACB 30
0
.G l trng tm tam gic ABC. Hai mt phng (SGB)
v (SGC) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ABC theo a.
Gii:
A
C
B
K
G
S
Gi K l trung im BC. Ta c SG (ABC);
SAG 60
0
, AG
3a
2
.
T AK
9a
4
; SG
3a
_
3
2
.
Trong tam gic ABC t AB x AC 2x; BC x
_
3.
Ta c AK
2
AB
2
+BK
2
nn x
9a
_
7
14
Vy V
S.ABC
1
3
SG.dt(ABC)
243
112
a
3
.
Bi 1.5. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung v tam gic SAB l tam gic
cn ti nh S. Gc gia ng thng SA v mt phng y bng 45
0
, gc gia mt phng
(SAB) v mt phng y bng 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD, bit rng khong cch
gia hai ng thng CD v SA bng a
_
6.
Gii:
A
B C
D
M
N
H
S
P
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca S ln mt y, M l trung im AB v do tam gic SAB
cn ti S nn SM vung gc vi AB v kt hp vi SH vung gc vi y suy ra AB vung gc
vi mt phng SMN nn theo gi thit ta c:

(SA, (ABCD))
SAH45
0
SA SH
_
2.
((SAB), (ABCD))

(SM, MH)

SMH60
0
SMSH.
2
_
3
.
T im N k NP vung gc vi SM th d thy NP l khong cch gia hai ng thng SA
v CD suy ra NP a
_
6. Ta c SH.MN NP.SM SH.ABa
_
6.SH AB2
_
2a
Trong tam gic SAM ta c SA
2
AM
2
+SM
2
2.SH
2
4SH
2
3
+2a
2
SHa
_
3.
Vy V
S.ABCD
1
3
SH.dt(ABCD)
a
_
3.8a
2
3

8
_
3a
3
3
.
Bi 1.6. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht AB a, BC 2a. Cnh bn
SA vung gc vi mt y, SA a. Gi H l hnh chiu ca A trn SB. Tnh th tch khi
chp H.ACD theo a v csin ca gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (SCD).
Gii:
A
B C
D
S
H
E
K
K HE//SA(E AB) HE (ABCD).
Trong tam gic SAB c AB
2
BH.SB
BH
SB

AB
2
SB
2

1
2

HE
SA
HE
a
2
Din tch ACD l S
ACD
1
2
AD.CD a
2
th tch H.ACD l V
H.ACD
1
3
HE.S
ACD
a
3
6
SA (ABCD) SA BC m BC AB nn BC (SAB) BC HA m HA SB nn HA
(SBC) tng t gi K l hnh chiu ca A trn SD th AK (SCD) do vy gc gia hai mt
phng (SBC) v (SCD) l gc gia AH v AK.
trong tam gic vung SAB c
1
AH
2

1
AB
2
+
1
SA
2
AH
a
_
2
2
, SA
2
SH.SBSH
a
_
2
2
tng t AK
2a
_
5
, SK
a
_
5
cos
BSD
SB
2
+SD
2
BD
2
2.SB.SD

SH
2
+SK
2
HK
2
2.SH.SK
HK
2
a
2
2
Trong AHK c cos
AHK
AH
2
+AK
2
HK
2
2.AH.AK

_
10
5
>0 cos(

(SBC), (SCD))
_
10
5

Bi 1.7. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung . Mt bn SAB l tam gic
cn ti S, mt phng (SAB) vung gc vi y, mt phng (SCD) to vi y gc 60
0
v cch
ng thng AB mt khong l a. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a.
Gii:
A
B C
D
H
I
S
K
Gi H, I ln lt l trung im AB v CD Do SAB cn ti S nn SH AB m (SAB) (ABCD)
do SH (ABCD) SH CD, HI CD nn CD (SHI), k HK SI, CD HK nn HK
(SCD) HK d(H, (SCD)) d(AB, (SCD)) a
CD (SHI)
HICD
SICD
CD (SCD) (ABCD)
_
_
(

(SCD), (ABCD) (
HI, SI)

SIH60
0
Trong HKI c HI
HK
sin60
0

2a
_
3
BC. Trong HSI c SH HI.tan60
0
2a
din tch ABCD l S
ABCD
BC
2
4a
2
3
Th tch S.ABCD l V
S.ABCD
1
3
SH.S
ABCD
8a
3
9
.
Bi 1.8. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh tha mn AB 2a, BC
a
_
2, BD a
_
6. Hnh chiu vung gc ca nh S ln mt phng (ABCD) l trng tm ca
tam gic BCD. Tnh theo th tch khi chp S.ABCD, bit rng khong cch gia hai ng
thng AC v SB bng a.
Gii:
D
C
A
B
O
M
H
S
K
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca S ln mt phng (ABCD), M l trung im CD v O l tm
ca y ABCD. Do AO l trung tuyn ca tam gic ABD nn AO
2
AB
2
+AD
2
2

BD
2
4

3a
2
2

AO
a
_
6
2
AH AO+
AO
3

2a
_
6
3
BM
2
BD
2
+BC
2
2

CD
2
4

6a
2
+2a
2
2

4a
2
4
3a
2
BMa
_
3 BH
2a
_
3
3
Ta c AH
2
+BH
2
4a
2
AB
2
AHBH, kt hp vi AH vung gc vi SH ta c AH(SHB).
K HK vung gc vi SB, theo chng minh trn ta c AH (SHB) suy ra AH HK HK
l on vung gc chung ca AC v SB suy ra HK a.
Trong tam gic vung SHB ta c
1
HK
2

1
SH
2
+
1
HB
2
SH2a
Ta c V
S.ABCD
1
3
SH.S
ABCD
1
3
SH.4.S
OAB
4
3
SH.
1
2
OA.BH
4
_
2a
3
3

2 - Khi lng tr
Bi 2.1. Cho khi lng tr tam gic ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c y l tam gic u cnh 2a, im A
1
cch u ba im A, B, C. Cnh bn A
1
A to vi mt phng y mt gc . Hy tm , bit
th tch khi lng tr ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
bng 2
_
3a
3
.
Gii:
A
B
C
I
H
G
A
1
B
1
C
1
Ta c tam gic ABC u cnh 2a nn S
ABC
a
2
_
3
Mt khc A
1
A A
1
B A
1
C A
1
.ABC l hnh chp tam gic u nh A
1
.
Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC, ta c A
1
G l ng cao.
Trong tam gic ABC c AG
2
3
AH
2a
_
3
3
Trong tam gic vung A
1
AG c:

A
1
AG ; A
1
G AG.tan
2a
_
3
3
.tan.
Th tch khi lng tr V A
1
G.S
ABC
2
_
3a
3
tan
_
3 60
o
.
Bi 2.2. Cho lng tr ng ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic cn vi AB AC a, gc
BAC 120
0
, cnh bn BB
t
a . Gi I l trung im ca CC
t
. Chng minh tam gic AB
t
I
vung ti A v tnh cosin ca gc gia hai mt phng (ABC) v (AB
t
I).
Gii:
A
B C
A
t
B
t
C
t
I
Ta c BC a
_
3. p dng nh l Pitago trong tam gic vung ACI, ABB
t
, B
t
C
t
I
Suy ra AI
_
5
2
a, AB
t
_
2a, B
t
I
_
13
2
a
Do AI
2
+AB
t2
B
t
I
2
Vy tam gic AB
t
I vung ti A
S
AB
t
I
1
2
AI.AB
t
_
10
4
a
2
, S
ABC
_
3
4
a
2
. Gi l gc gia hai mt phng (ABC) v (AB
t
I). Tam
gic ABC l hnh chiu vung gc ca tam gic AB
t
I.
suy ra S
A
t
BI
cosS
ABC
_
10
4
cos
_
3
4
cos
_
3
10

Bi 2.3. (DB1 A 2007) Cho lng tr ng ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c AB a, AC 2a, AA
1
2a
_
5 v
BAC 120
0
. Gi M l trung im ca cnh CC
1
. Chng minh MB MA
1
v tnh khong
cch t im A ti mt phng (A
1
BM).
Gii:
A
B
C
A
1
B
1
C
1
M
+ Ta c A
1
M
2
A
1
C
2
1
+C
1
M
2
9a
2
, BC
2
AB
2
+AC
2
2AB.AC. cos120
0
7a
2
;
BM
2
BC
2
+CM
2
12a
2
; A
1
B
2
A
1
A
2
+AB
2
21a
2
A
1
M
2
+MB
2
MB vung gc vi MA
1
+ Hnh chp MABA
1
v CABA
1
c chung y l tam gic ABA
1
v ng cao bng nhau nn
th tch bng nhau.
V V
MABA
1
V
CABA
1
1
3
AA
1
.S
ABC
1
3
a
3
_
15
d(a, (MBA
1
) )
3V
S
MBA
1
6V
MB.MA
1
a
_
5
3

Bi 2.4. Cho lng tr tam gic ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c tt c cc cnh bng a, gc to bi cnh bn
v mt y bng 30
0
. Hnh chiu vung gc H ca nh A trn mt phng (A
1
B
1
C
1
) thuc
ng thng B
1
C
1
. Tnh th tch khi lng tr ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
v tnh khong cch gia hai
ng thng AA
1
v B
1
C
1
theo a.
Gii:
A
1
B
1
C
1
H
A
C
B
D
AA
1
H30
0
, AH AA
1
. sin30
0
a
2
Th tch khi lng tr ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
: V AH.dt(A
1
B
1
C
1
)
a
3
_
3
8
AA
1
H vung, A
1
H a.cos30
0
a
_
3
2
. Do A
1
B
1
C
1
u cnh a, H thuc B
1
C
1
v A
1
H
a
_
3
2
nn A
1
HB
1
C
1
C AHB
1
C
1
do B
1
C
1
(AA
1
H). K ng cao HK ca AA
1
H th HK chnh l khong cch
gia AA
1
v B
1
C
1
Ta c AA
1
.HK AH.A
1
H, HK
A
1
H.AH
AA
1
a
_
3
4
.
Bi 2.5. Cho hnh lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c y l tam gic u cnh a, hnh chiu vung gc
ca A
t
ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi trng tm O ca tam gic ABC. Mt mt phng (P)
cha BC v vung gc vi AA
t
, ct lng tr theo mt thit din c din tch bng
a
2
_
3
8
. Tnh
th tch khi lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
theo a.
Gii:
A
B
C
M
O
A
t
B
t
C
t
H
Gi M l trung im ca BC, gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca M ln AA
t
, Khi (P) (BCH).
Do gc

A
t
AM nhn nn H nm gia AA
t
. Thit din ca lng tr ct bi (P) l tam gic BCH.
Do tam gic ABC u cnh a nn AM
a
_
3
2
, AO
2
3
AM
a
_
3
3
Theo bi ra S
BCH
a
2
_
3
8

1
2
HM.BC
a
2
_
3
8
HM
a
_
3
4
,
AH
_
AM
2
HM
2
_
3a
2
4

3a
2
16

3a
4
Do hai tam gic A
t
AO v MAH ng dng nn
A
t
O
AO

HM
AH
suy ra A
t
O
AO.HM
AH

a
_
3
3
a
_
3
4
4
3a

a
3
Th tch khi lng tr: V A
t
O.S
ABC
1
2
A
t
O.AM.BC
1
2
a
3
a
_
3
2
a
a
3
_
3
12
.
3 - Khi trn xoay
Bi 3.1. Cho hnh tr c bn knh y bng a v ng cao bng a
_
2.
a) M v N l hai im lu ng trn hai y sao cho gc ca MN v y bng . Tnh
khong cch t trc n MN.
b) Tnh th tch v din tch xung quanh ca lng tr tam gic u ngai tip hnh tr
Gii:
C
A
B
O
M
N
t
O
t
A
t
B
t
C
t
N
H
a) K ng sinh NN
t
ta c

NMN
t
, k OHMN
t
th OH bng khang cch gia trc OO
t
v MN.
Ta c: MN
t
NN
t
.cota.
_
2. cot
OMH vung : OH
2
OM
2
MH
2
a
2
a
2
2
cot
2
a
2
2
(2cot
2
)
OHa
_
2cot
2
2
b) Gi x l cnh ca tam gic u ngai tip ng trn y ca hnh tr.
Ta c: O
t
N R
1
3
AN
1
3
x
_
3
2

x
_
3
6
x
6R
_
3

6a
_
3
V
ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
x
2
_
3
4
.OO
t
36a
2
_
3
12
.a
_
2 3a
2
.
_
6.
S
xq
3x.OO
t
18a
_
3
.a
_
2 6a
2
_
6.
Bi 3.2. Cho hnh nn nh S c ng sinh l a, gc gia ng sinh v y l .
a) Tnh th tch v din tch xung quanh ca hnh nn.
b) Mt mt phng hp vi y mt gc 60
0
v ct hnh nn theo hai ng sinh SA v SB.
Tnh din tch tam gic SAB v khong cch t tm ca y hnh nn n mt phng ny.
Gii:
O
S
A
B
H
K
a) Tnh V v S
xq
.
SAO vung : SOa.sin, AOa.cos
V
1
3
.AO
2
.SO
1
3
.a
3
. cos
2
. sin
Sxq .AO.SA .a
2
. cos
b) + Tnh S
SAB
K OHABSHAB, do

SOH60
0
SOH vung :OHSO.cot.60
0
a
_
3. sin
3
AOH vung : AH
2
AO
2
OH
2
a
2
.cos
2
3a
2
. sin
9
AH
a
_
3
_
3cos
2
sin
2
Vy S
SAB
1
2
AB.SH
2a
2
. sin
_
3cos
2
sin
2
3
+ Tnh d(O, (SAB))
K OKSHOK(SAB)
OKH vung : OK OH.sin60
0
a
_
3sin
3
.
_
3
2

a. sin
2

Bi 3.3. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht v c cnh bn SA vung
gc vi y.
a) Xc nh tm mt cu ngai tip hnh chp SABCD.
b) Gi (P) l mt phng qua A v vung gc vi SC ct AB, SC, SD ln lt ti B
t
, C
t
, D
t
.
Chng t rng by im A, B, C, D, B
t
, C
t
, D
t
cng nm trn mt mt cu.
Gii:
A
B
C
D
S
B
t
D
t
O
C
t
I
a) Ta c :
BCAB
BCSA
_
BCSB
Tng t CDSD
Vy cc im A, B, D u nhn an SC di mt gc vung, do tm mt cu ngai tip hnh
chp S.ABCD l trung im I ca SC.
b)Ta c : AC
t
SC ti C
t
AB
t
SC v AB
t
BC ( v BC(SAB)) nn AB
t
(SBC) AB
t
B
t
C
Tng t AD
t
D
t
C
Vy cc imB
t
, C
t
, D
t
, D, B cng nhn an AC di mt gc vung, do by im A, B, C, D, B
t
, C
t
, D
t
cng nm trn mt cu ng knh AC.
4 - Bi tp t luyn c p s
1. (C 2012) Cho khi chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti A, ABa
_
2, SA
SB SC. Gc gia ng thng SA v mt phng (ABC) bng 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi
chp S.ABC v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABC theo a.
* p s: V
_
3a
3
3
, R
2a
_
3
3
2. (D 2012) Cho hnh hp ng ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c y l hnh vung, tam gic A
t
AC vung
cn, A
t
C a. Tnh th tch ca khi t din ABB
t
C
t
v khong cch t im A n mt
phng (BCD
t
) theo a.
* p s: V
a
3
_
2
48
, d
a
_
6
6
3. (B 2012) Cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC vi SA 2a, AB a. Gi H l hnh chiu
vung gc ca A trn cnh SC. Chng minh SC vung gc vi mt phng (ABH). Tnh
th tch ca khi chp S.ABH theo a.
* p s: V
7
_
11a
3
96
4. (A 2012)Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y l tam gic u cnh a. Hnh chiu vung gc ca
S trn mt phng (ABC) l im H thuc cnh AB sao cho HA 2HB. Gc gia ng
thng SC v mt phng (ABC) bng 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v tnh khong
cch gia hai ng thng SA v BC theo a.
* p s: V
a
3
_
7
12
, g
a
_
42
8
5. (C 2011) Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, AB a, SA
vung gc vi mt phng (ABC), gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (ABC) bng 30
0
. Gi
M l trung im ca cnh SC. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABM theo a.
* p s: V
a
3
_
3
36
6. (A 2011) Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, AB BC 2a;
hai mt phng (SAB) v (SAC) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gi M l trung
im ca AB; mt phng qua SM v song song vi BC, ct AC ti N. Bit gc gia hai
mt phng (SBC) v (ABC) bng 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCNM v khong cch
gia hai ng thng AB v SN theo a.
* p s: V a
3
_
3, d
2a
_
39
13
7. (B 2011) Cho hnh lng tr ABCD.A
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, AB
a, AD a
_
3. Hnh chiu vung gc ca im A
1
trn mt phng (ABCD) trng vi giao
im ca AC v BD. Gc gia hai mt phng (ADD
1
A
1
) v (ABCD) bng 60
0
. Tnh th
tch khi lng tr cho v khong cch t im B
1
n mt phng (A
1
BD) theo a.
* p s: V
3a
3
2
, d
a
_
3
2
8. (D 2011) Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B, BA 3a, BC 4a;
mt phng (SBC) vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Bit SB 2a
_
3 v

SBC 30
0
. Tnh
th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t im B n mt phng (SAC) theo a.
* p s: V 2
_
3a
3
, d
6a
_
7
7
9. (A 2010) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. Gi M v N ln
lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB v AD; H l giao im ca CN vi DM. Bit SH
vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) v SHa
_
3. Tnh th tch khi chp S.CDNM v tnh
khong cch gia hai ng thng DM v SC theo a.
* p s: V
5
_
3a
3
24
, d
2
_
3a
_
19
10. (D 2010) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn SA a;
hnh chiu vung gc ca nh S trn mt phng (ABCD) l im H thuc on AC, AH
AC
4
. Gi CM l ng cao ca tam gic SAC. Chng minh M l trung im ca SA v
tnh th tch khi t din SMBC theo a.
* p s: V
a
3
_
14
48
11. (C 2010) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, mt
phng (SAB) vung gc vi mt phng y, SA SB, gc gia ng thng
SC v mt phng y bng 45
0
. Tnh theo a th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
* p s:
a
3
_
5
6
12. (B 2010) Cho lng tr tam gic u ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c ABa, gc gia hai mt
phng (A
t
BC) v (ABC) bng 60
0
. Gi G l trng tm tam gic A
t
BC. Tnh
th tch khi lng tr cho v tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din GABC theo a.
* p s: V
3a
3
_
3
8
, R
7a
12
13. (C 2009) Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c AB a, SA a
_
2. Gi M, N v P ln
lt l trung im ca cc cnh SA, SB v CD. Chng minh ng thng MN vung gc
vi ng thng SP. Tnh theo a th tch khi t din AMNP.
* p s: V
a
3
_
6
48
14. (A 2009) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D; AB
AD 2a, CD a; gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (ABCD) bng 60
0
. Gi I l trung im
ca cnh AD. Bit hai mt phng (SBI) v (CSI) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD),
tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a.
* p s: V
3
_
15a
3
5
15. (B 2009) Cho hnh lng tr tam gic ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c BB
t
a, gc gia ng thng BB
t
v
mt phng (ABC) bng 60
0
; tam gic ABC vung ti C v

BAC 60
0
. Hnh chiu vung
gc ca im B
t
ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi trng tm ca tam gic ABC. Tnh th
tch khi t din A
t
ABC theo a.
* p s: V
9a
3
208
16. (D 2009) Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B,
AB a, AA
t
2a, A
t
C 3a. Gi M l trung im ca on thng A
t
C
t
, I l giao im ca
AM v A
t
C. Tnh theo a th tch khi t din I ABC v khong cch t im A n mt
phng (IBC).
* p s: V
4a
3
9
, d
2a
_
5
5
17. (C 2008) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang,

BAD
ABC 90
0
, AB
BC a, AD 2a, SA vung gc vi y v SA 2a. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im
ca SA, SD. Chng minh rng BCNM l hnh ch nht v tnh th tch ca khi chp
S.BCNM theo a.
* p s: V
a
3
3
18. (A 2008) Cho lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c di cnh bn bng 2a, y ABC l tam gic
vung ti A, AB a, AC a
_
3 v hnh chiu vung gc ca nh A
t
trn mt phng
(ABC) l trung im ca cnh BC. Tnh theo a th tch khi chp A
t
.ABC v tnh cosin
ca gc gia hai ng thng AA
t
, B
t
C
t
.
* p s: V
a
3
2
, cos
1
4
19. (B 2008) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA a, SB a
_
3
v mt phng (SAB) vung gc vi mt phng y. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca
cc cnh AB, BC. Tnh theo a th tch khi chp S.BMDN v tnh cosin ca gc gia hai
ng thng SM, DN.
* p s: V
a
3
_
3
3
, cos
_
5
5
20. (D 2008) Cho lng tr ng ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic vung, AB BC a,
cnh bn AA
t
a
_
2. Gi M l trung im ca cnh BC. Tnh theo a th tch ca khi
lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
v khong cch gia hai ng thng AM, B
t
C.
* p s: V
a
3
_
2
2
, d
_
7a
7
21. (A 2007) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAD l tam gic
u v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca
cc cnh SB, BC, CD. Chng minh AM vung gc vi BP v tnh th tch ca khi t din
CMNP.
* p s: V
_
3a
3
96
22. (B 2007) Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a. Gi E l im
i xng ca D qua trung im ca SA, M l trung im ca AE, N l trung im ca
BC. Chng minh MN vung gc vi BD v tnh theo a khong cch gia hai ng thng
MN v AC.
* p s: d
a
_
2
4
23. (D 2007) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang,

ABC

BAD 90
0
, BA BC
a, AD 2a. Cnh bn SA vung gc vi y v SA a
_
2. Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc
ca A trn SB. Chng minh tam gic SCD vung v tnh theo a khong cch t H n
mt phng (SCD).
* p s: d
a
3
24. (A 2006) Cho hnh tr c y l hai hnh trn tm O v O
t
, bn knh y bng
chiu cao v bng a. Trn ng trn y tm O ly im A, trn ng trn
y tm O
t
ly im B sao cho AB2a. Tnh th tch ca khi t din OO
t
AB.
* p s: V
_
3a
3
12
25. (B 2006) cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi ABa,
AD a
_
2, SA a v SA vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Gi M v N ln
lt l trung im ca AD v SC; I l giao im ca BM v AC. Chng minh
mt phng (SAC) vung gc vi mt phng (SMB). Tnh th tch ca khi t din ANIB.
* p s: V
_
2a
3
36
26. (D 2006) Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, SA 2a v
SA vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gi M v N ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca A
trn cc ng thng SB v SC. Tnh th tch ca khi chp A.BCNM.
* p s: V
3
_
3a
3
50
27. (B 2004) Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y bng a, gc gia cnh bn v
mt y bng ((0
0
< <90
0
). Tnh tang ca gc gia hai mt phng (SAB) v (ABCD)
theo . Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a v .
* p s: tan
_
2tan, V
_
2a
3
tan
6
28. (D 2003) Cho hai mt phng (P) v (Q) vung gc vi nhau, c giao tuyn l ng thng
. Trn ly hai im A, B vi AB a. Trong mt phng (P) ly im C, trong mt
phng (Q) ly im D sao cho AC, BD cng vung gc vi v AC BD AB. Tnh bn
knh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD v tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (BCD)
theo a.
* p s: R
a
_
3
2
, d
a
_
2
2
29. (B 2002) Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.A
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
c cnh bng a. a) Tnh theo a khong
cch gia hai ng thng A
1
B v B
1
D. b) Gi M, N, P ln lt l cc trung im ca cc
cnh BB
1
, CD, A
1
D
1
. Tnh gc gia hai ng thng MP v C
1
N.
* p s: d
a
_
6
, g 90
0
30. (D 2002) Cho hnh t din ABCD c AD vung gc vi mt phng (ABC); AC AD
4cm; AB3cm; BC 5cm. Tnh khong cch t im A ti mt phng (BCD).
* p s: d
6
_
34
17
31. (DB1 A 2007) Cho lng tr ng ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c AB a, AC 2a, AA
1
2a
_
5 v

BAC
120
0
. Gi M l trung im ca cnh CC
1
. Chng minh MB MA
1
v tnh khong cch
t im A ti mt phng (A
1
BM).
* p s: d
a
_
5
3
32. (DB2 A 2007) Cho hnh chp S.ABC c gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (ABC) bng
60
0
, hai tam gic ABC v SBC l cc tam gic u cnh a. Tnh theo a khong cch t B
n mt phng (SAC).
* p s: d
3a
_
13
33. (DB1 B 2007) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung tm O, SA vung
gc vi y. Cho AB a, SA a
_
2. Gi H v K ln lt l hnh chiu ca A ln SB, SD.
Chng minh SC (AHK) v tnh th tch khi chp OAHK.
* p s: V
2a
3
27
34. (DB2 B 2007) Trong mt phng (P) cho na ng trn ng knh AB 2R v im C
thuc na ng trn sao cho AC R. Trn ng thng vung gc vi (P) ti A ly
im S sao cho gc gia hai mt phng (SAB) v (SBC) bng 60
0
. Gi H, K ln lt l
hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB, SC. Chng minh tam gic AHK vung v tnh th
tch khi t din SABC theo R.
* p s: V
R
3
_
6
12
35. (DB1 D 2007) Cho lng tr ng ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c y ABC l tam gic vung AB AC
a, AA
1
a
_
2. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AA
1
, BC
1
. Chng minh MN l ng
vung gc chung ca cc ng thng AA
1
v BC
1
. Tnh th tch khi t din MA
1
BC
1
.
* p s: V
a
3
_
2
12
36. (DB2 D 2007) Cho lng tr ng ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c tt c cc cnh u bng a. M l trung
im ca AA
1
. Chng minh BM B
1
C v tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng BM
v B
1
C.
* p s: d
a
_
30
10
37. (DB1 A 2008) Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y l tam gic ABC vung cn ti B, BA BC
2a, hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn mt phng y (ABC) l trung im E ca AB v
SE 2a. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca EC, SC; M l im di ng trn tia i ca
tia BA sao cho gc

ECM(<90
0
) v H l hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn MC. Tnh
th tch khi t din EHI J theo a, v tm th tch ln nht.
* p s: V
5a
3
sin2
8
38. (DB2 A 2008) Cho hnh chp S.ABC m mi mt bn l mt tam gic vung,
SA SBSC a. Gi M, N, E ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, AC,
BC; D l im i xng ca S qua E; I l giao im ca ng thng AD vi
mt phng (SMN). Chng minh AD SI v tnh theo a th tch ca khi t
din MBSI.
* p s: V
a
3
36
39. (DB1 B 2008) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA a
_
3 v
SA vung gc vi mt phng y. Tnh theo a th tch khi t din SACD v tnh cosin
ca gc gia hai ng thng SB v AC.
* p s: V
a
3
_
3
6
, cos
_
2
4
40. (DB2 B 2008) Cho t din ABCD c cc mt ABC v ABD l cc tam gic u cnh a,
cc mt ACD v BCD vung gc vi nhau. Hy tnh theo a th tch khi t din ABCD
v tnh s o ca gc gia hai ng thng AD, BC.
* p s: S V
a
3
_
2
12
, g 60
0
5 - Cc bi ton v khong cch
Phm vi nhng bi tp ny ti s cp mt phng php xuyn sut gii cc bi ton v
khong cch trong khng gian l quy v bi ton c bn: Tnh khong cch t chn ng
cao n mt mt ca hnh chp.
Trc ht ta cn nm chc bi ton: Cho hnh chp SABC c SA vung gc vi y ABC.
Tnh khong cch t im A n mt phng (SBC)
Vic tnh khong cch ny l rt n gin nhng n l cha kha gii quyt mi bi ton
lin quan n khong cch:
Ta k AMBC, AHSMAH(SBC) d
A/(SBC)
AH
Trong tam gic vung SAM ta c
1
AH
2

1
AS
2
+
1
AM
2
AH
AS.AM
_
AS
2
+AM
2
Tnh cht quan trng
- Nu ng thng (d) song song vi mt phng (P)
th khong cch t mi im trn (d) n mt phng (P) l nh nhau
- Nu

AM k
BM th d
A/(P)
[k[d
B/(P)
trong (P) l mt phng i qua M
- Nu a, b l hai ng thng cho nhau.
Gi (P) l mt phng cha b v (P)|a th d
a/b
d
a/(P)
d
Ma/(P)
Trn c s cc tnh cht trn. Khi cn tnh khong cch t mt im n mt mt phng ,
hay tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau ta lun quy c v bi ton c bn.
Ta xt cc bi ton sau:
Bi 5.1.
Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang
ABC
BAD 90
o
, BA BC a, AD 2a.
Cnh bn SA vung gc vi y v SA a
_
2, gc to bi SC v (SAD) bng 30
o
. Gi G l
trng tm tam gic (SAB). Tnh khong cch t G n mt phng (SCD)
Gii:
K CE vung gc vi AD th E l trung im ca AD v CE(SAD)
C

SE 30
0
SE CE. tan60 a
_
3 SA a
_
2
Gi M l trung im ca AB, N l trung im ca AE. Ta c BE song song vi (SCD), MN
cng song song vi (SCD). Ta c ND
3
4
AD
GS
2
3
MS d
G/(SCD)
2
3
d
M/(SCD)
2
3
.d
N/(SCD)
2
3
.
3
4
d
A/(SCD)
1
2
d
A/(SCD)
V tam gic ACD vung cn ti C nn CD vung gc vi (SAC).
H AH vung gc vi SC th AH(SCD) d
A/(SCD)
AH
SA.SC
_
SA
2
+SC
2
a
(Ta cng c th lp lun tam gic SAC vung cn suy ra AHa)
Bi 5.2.
Cho hnh lng tr ABCA
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti A cnh huyn BC a
_
2
cnh bn AA
t
2a, bit A
t
cch u cc nh A, B, C . Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca
AA
t
, AC. Tnh th tch khi chp C
t
MNB v khong cch t C
t
n mt phng (MNB)
Gii:
- Tnh th tch:
V A
t
cch u A, B, C nn chn ng cao h t A
t
ln mt phng (ABC) l tm vng trn
ngoi tip tam gic ABC. Gi H l trung im ca BC suy ra A
t
H(ABC)
Gi K MNAC
t
AK
1
3
C
t
K V
C
t
MNB
3V
AMNB
Gi E l trung im ca AHME(ABC) V
MANB
1
3
ME.dt(ANB)
Tnh c: ME
1
2
A
t
H
1
2
a
_
14
2

a
_
14
4
Suy ra: V
MANB
1
3
.
a
_
14
4
.
a
2
4

_
14a
3
48
. Vy V
C
t
MNB
_
14a
3
16
Ta thy rng vic tnh trc tip khong cch t im C
t
n mt phng (BMN) l tng i
kh. khc phc kh khn ny ta s to ra bi ton c bn tnh khong cch t chn ng
cao n mt phng (BMN) bng cch dng ng cao ME ca khi chp ABMN.
- Tnh khong cch: d
C
t
/(BMN)
3d
A/(BMN)
. Gi F l trng tm tam gic ABC
Ta c: AF
2
3
AH; EH
1
2
AHEF +
1
3
AH
1
2
AHEF
1
6
AHd
A/(BMN)
4d
E/(BMN)
Nh vy d
C
t
/(BMN)
3d
A/(BMN)
12d
E/(BMN)
H
_
EPBN
EQMP.
EQ(MNB) d
E/(MNB)
EQ
EP.EM
_
EP
2
+EM
2
Ta c EPF ng dng vi BHF
EP
BH

EF
BF
EP
BH.EF
BF
Tnh c BH
a
_
2
2
; EF
1
4
AF
1
4
.
2
3
AH
1
6
AH
a
_
2
12
; BF
a
_
5
3
Suy ra: EP
a
_
5
20
EQ
EP.EM
_
EP
2
+EM
2

_
994a
284
Vy d
C
t
/(BMN)
12d
E/(BMN)
12.
_
994a
284

3
_
994a
71

Qua v d trn ta thy r tm quan trng ca bi ton c bn
Bi 5.3.
Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh bng a. Chn ng cao h t S ln
mt phng (ABC) l im H thuc AB sao cho

HA 2
HB. Gc to bi SC v mt phng
(ABC) bng 60
o
. Tnh th tch khi chp SABC v khong cch gia hai ng thng SA, BC
theo a.
Gii:
- Tnh th tch:
V SH(ABCD) nn HC l hnh chiu vung gc ca SC ln mt phng (ABCD).
Gc to bi SC v mt phng (ABCD) l

SCH60
o
.
Xt tam gic BHC theo nh l hm s cosin ta c
HC
2
HB
2
+BC
2
2HB.BC. cos
HBC HB
2
+BC
2
2HB.BC. cos60
o
a
2
9
+a
2
2.
a
3
.a.
1
2

7a
2
9
Suy ra HC
a
_
7
3
SH HC. tan
SCH
a
_
7
3
.
_
3
a
_
21
3
Ta suy ra V
SABC
1
3
SH.S
ABC
1
3
a
_
21
3
.
1
2
a.a. sin60
o
_
7a
3
12
( VTT)
- Tnh khong cch:
Gi E l trung im ca BC , D l nh th t ca hnh bnh hnh ABCD
Ta c AD//BC nn d
SA/BC
d
BC/(SAD)
d
B/(SAD)
3
2
d
H/(SAD)
K
_
HFAD
HKSF
HK(SAD) d
H/(SAD)
HK
Trong tam gic vung SHF ta c
1
HK
2

1
HF
2
+
1
HS
2
HK
HF.HS
_
HS
2
+HF
2
Mt khc HF
2
3
AE
2
3
a
_
3
2

_
3a
3
.
Suy ra HK
HF.HS
_
HS
2
+HF
2

_
3a
3
.
a
_
21
3
_
3
9
a
2
+
21
9
a
2
_
42
12
a
Vy d
SA/BC
3
2
.
_
42
12
a
_
42
8
a
6 - Gii ton Hnh khng gian bng Phng php ta
A. TM TT L THUYT
% Phng php
Bc 1: Chn h trc ta Oxyz. Xc nh mt gc tam din vung trn c s c sn ca
hnh (nh tam din vung, hnh hp ch nht, hnh chp t gic u . . . ), hoc da trn cc
mt phng vung gc dng thm ng ph.
Bc 2: Ta ha cc im ca hnh khng gian. Tnh ta im lin quan trc tip
n gi thit v kt lun ca bi ton. C s tnh ton ch yu da vo quan h song song,
vung gc cng cc d liu ca bi ton.
Bc 3: Chuyn gi thit qua hnh hc gii tch. Lp cc phng trnh ng, mt lin
quan. Xc nh ta cc im, vc t cn thit cho kt lun.
Bc 4: Gii quyt bi ton. S dng cc kin thc hnh hc gii tch gii quyt yu
cu ca bi ton hnh khng gian.
Ch cc cng thc v gc, khong cch, din tch v th tch . . .
% Cch chn h ta mt s hnh khng gian.
# Tam din vung, hnh hp ch nht, hnh lp phng.
Xt tam din vung S.ABC c SA a, SB b, SC c. Chn h trc ta Oxyz sao cho
S O,

SA,

SB,

SC ln lt cng hng vi cc tia Ox, Oy, Oz. Ta cc im khi l
S(0; 0; 0), A(a; 0; 0), B(0; b; 0), C(0; 0; c).
Xt hnh hp ch nht ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c di cc cnh l AB a, AD b, AA
t

c. Chn h trc ta Oxyz sao cho A O,

AB,

AD,

AA
t
ln lt cng hng vi cc tia
Ox, Oy, Oz. Ta cc im khi l
A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0), D(0; b; 0), A
t
(0; 0; c),
C(a; b; 0), B
t
(a; 0; c), D
t
(0; b; c), C
t
(a; b; c).
# Hnh chp t gic u, tam gic u.
Hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c O l giao ca hai ng cho v SO h, AC 2a, BD
2b. Chn h trc ta Oxyz sao cho

OA,

OB,

OS ln lt cng hng vi cc tia Ox, Oy, Oz.
Ta cc im khi l
O(0; 0; 0), S(0; 0; h), A(a; 0; 0), B(0; b; 0), C(a; 0; 0), D(0; b; 0).
Hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC c O l tm ca tam gic ABC v SO h, BC a. Chn
h trc ta Oxyz sao cho

OA,

CB,

OS ln lt cng hng vi cc tia Ox, Oy, Oz. Ta
cc im khi l
O(0; 0; 0), S(0; 0; h), A
_
a
_
3
3
; 0; 0
_
, B
_
a
_
6
3
;
a
2
; 0
_
, C
_
a
_
6
3
;
a
2
; 0
_
.
% Ty vo tng bi ton m c th thay i linh hot cch chn h ta . Trong nhiu trng
hp, phi bit kt hp kin thc hnh khng gian tng hp v kin thc hnh gii tch nhm
thu gn li gii..
B. CC BI TON MINH HA
Bi 6.1.
Cho hnh chp S.ABC, trong SA vung gc vi mt y ABC. y l tam gic cn ti A,
di trung tuyn AD a,; cnh bn SB to vi mt y mt gc v to vi mt phng
(SAD) gc . Tm th tch hnh chp S.ABC.
Gii:
Chn h trc ta Oxyz nh hnh v. Ta cc nh
A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0), D(0; a; 0), A
t
(0; 0; a),
C(a; a; 0), D
t
(0; a; a), B
t
(a; 0; a), C
t
(a; a; a).
a) Ta c
A
t
B(a; 0; a),

B
t
D(a; a; a),

A
t
B
t
(a; 0; 0)
_
A
t
B,
B
t
D
_
(a
2
; 2a
2
; a
2
)
Khong cch gia hai ng thng l d(A
t
B, B
t
D)
A
t
B,
B
t
D
_
.
A
t
B
t
A
t
B,
B
t
D
_
a
_
6
.
b) Ta cc im M, N, P l
M
_
a; 0;
a
2
_
, N
_
a
2
; a; 0
_
, P
_
0;
a
2
; a
_
.
Do
MP
_
a;
a
2
;
a
2
_
,

NC
t
_
a
2
; 0; a
_
MP.
NC
t
0.
Vy gc gia hai ng thng bng 90
0
.
c) Ta c
MP
_
a;
a
2
;
a
2
_
,

MC
t
_
0; a;
a
2
_
,

MN
_
a
2
; a;
a
2
_
MP,

MC
t
_
a
2
4
;
a
2
2
; a
2
_
.
Th tch khi t din C
t
MNP l V
C
t
MNP
1
6
MP,

MC
t
_
.
MN

3
16
a
3
.
Bi 6.2. ( thi tuyn sinh i hc, khi A nm 2007)
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn (SAD) l tam gic u v
nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh
SB, BC, CD. Chng minh AM vung gc vi BP v tnh th tch ca khi t din CMNP.
Gii:
V tam gic SAD l tam gic u v (SAD)(ABCD) nn gi O l trung im ca AD th
SO(ABCD). Chn h trc ta Oxyz nh hnh v (Oy song song vi AB). Ta cc nh
O(0; 0; 0), S
_
0; 0;
a
_
3
4
_
, D
_
a
2
; 0; 0
_
, A
_
a
2
; 0; 0
_
, C
_
a
2
; a; 0
_
, B
_
a
2
; a; 0
_
.
Nn cc trung im P
_
a
2
;
a
2
; 0
_
, N(0; a; 0) , M
_
a
4
;
a
2
;
a
_
3
4
_
.
Ta c

AM
_
a
4
;
a
2
;
a
_
3
4
_
,
BP
_
a;
a
2
; 0
_
nn

AM.
BP
a
2
4

a
2
4
+0 0.
Vy AM vung gc vi BP. Mt khc
NM
_
a
4
;
a
2
;
a
_
3
4
_
,
NC
_
a
2
; 0; 0
_
,

NP
_
a
2
;
a
2
; 0
_
NM,

NC
_
_
0;
a
2
_
3
8
;
a
2
4
_
.
Do th tch khi t din CMNP l V
CMNP

1
6
NM,

NC
_
.
NP

a
3
_
3
96
.
Bi 6.3.
Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic vung, AB AC a, AA
t
a
_
2.
Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca on AA
t
v BC
t
. Chng minh MN l ng vung gc
chung ca AA
t
v BC
t
. Tnh th tch khi t din MA
t
BC
t
.
Gii:
Chn h trc ta Oxyz nh hnh v. Ta cc im l
A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0), C(0; a; 0)A
t
(0; 0; a), B
t
(a; 0; a), C
t
(0; a; a), M
_
0; 0;
a
2
_
, N
_
a
2
;
a
2
;
a
2
_
.
Ta c

MN
_
a
2
;
a
2
; 0
_
v

BC
t
(a; a; a
_
2),

AA
t
(0; 0; a
_
2). Do
_
_
_
BC
t
.
MN 0
AA
t
.
MN 0
,
hay MN l ng vung gc chung ca hai ng thng AA
t
v BC
t
.
Mt khc
MA
t
_
0; 0;
a
_
2
2
_
,

MB
_
0; a;
a
_
2
2
_
,

MC
t
_
a; 0;
a
_
2
2
_
Do
_
MA
t
,
MB
_
_
a
2
_
2
2
; 0; 0
_
,
nn th tch khi t din MA
t
BC
t
l V
MA
t
BC
t
1
6
MA
t
,
MB
_
.
MC
t

a
3
_
2
2
.
Bi 6.4.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l na lc gic u ABCD c AB BC CD a,
SA(ABCD), SA a
_
3. im M chia on SB theo t s 3, im I chia on DS theo
t s
4
3
. Mt phng (AMI) ct SC ti N.
a) Chng minh N l trung im ca SC.
b) Chng minh SD(AMI) v AMNI thuc mt ng trn.
c) Tnh khong cch t trung im ca AD n mt phng (AMNI).
Gii:
Chn h trc ta Oxyz nh hnh v, gc ta l trung im ca AD, trc Ox l trc i
xng ca hnh thang ABCD, trc Oz song song vi SA. Ta cc im l
A(0; a; 0)B
_
a
_
3
2
;
a
2
; 0
_
, D(0; a; 0), C
_
a
_
3
2
;
a
2
; 0
_
, S
_
0; a; a
_
3
_
.
V

MS 3
MB,

ID
4
3
IS nn M
_
3
_
3a
8
;
5a
8
;
_
3a
4
_
, I
_
0;
a
7
;
4
_
3a
7
_
.
a) Ta c

AM
_
3
_
3a
8
;
3a
8
;
2
_
3a
8
_
,

AI
_
0;
6a
7
;
4
_
3a
7
_
Nn mt phng (AMI) c phng trnh 2y
_
3z +2a 0.
Trung im ca SC l N
_
_
3a
4
;
a
4
;
_
3a
2
_
thuc mt phng(AMI).
Vy mt phng (AMI) ct SC ti trung im ca SC.
b) Ta c

SD(0; 2a; a
_
3), n
(AMI)
(0; 2;
_
3)
SD a.n
(AMI)
nn SD(AMI).
V

IM
_
3
_
3a
8
;
27a
56
;
9
_
3a
28
_
nn

AM.
IM0, hay

AMI 90
o
. Tng t

ANI 90
o
.
Vy cc im t gic AMNI ni tip trong ng trn ng knh AI.
c) Khong cch cn tm l d(O, (AMI))
[2a[
_
0
2
+2
2
+(
_
3)
2
2
_
7
7
a.
Bi 6.5.
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c
ASC 90
o
,

CSB60
o
,

BSA 120
o
, SA SBSC a.
a) Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBC).
b) Gi M, N ln lt chia on SB, CS theo t s 3. Tnh khong cch v gc gia hai ng
thng AN, CM.
Gii:
Ta c CA a
_
2, CBa, ABa
_
3 nn tam gic ABC vung ti C.
Mt khc SA SBSC nn hnh chiu ca im S trn mt y l trung im O ca AB.
Chn h trc ta Oxyz (hnh v), Ox//BC, Oy//AC.
Ta cc nh ca hnh chp l
S
_
0; 0;
a
2
_
, A
_
a
2
;
a
_
2
2
; 0
_
, B
_
a
2
;
a
_
2
2
; 0
_
, C
_
a
2
;
a
_
2
2
; 0
_
.
a) Ta c
_
SB,

SC
_
_
0;
a
2
2
;
a
2
_
2
2
_
n
(SBC)
(0; 1;
_
2),
_
SA,

SB
_
_
a
2
_
2
2
;
a
2
2
; 0
_
n
(SAB)
(
_
2; 1; 0).
Gi l gc gia hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBC).
Khi cos
cos(n
(SAB)
, n
(SBC)
)
1
3
arccos
1
3
.
b) V

MS 3
MB,

NC 3
NS nn ta cc im M, N l
M
_
3a
8
;
3a
_
2
8
;
a
8
_
, N
_
a
8
;
a
_
2
8
;
3a
8
_
.
Ta c
AN
_
3a
8
;
5a
_
2
8
;
3a
8
_
,
CM
_
7a
8
;
a
_
2
8
;
a
8
_
,

AC
_
0; a
_
2; 0
_
AN,

CM
_
_
_
2a
2
8
;
9a
2
32
;
19
_
2.a
2
32
_
.
Khong cch gia hai ng thng d(AN, CM)
AN,

CM
_
.
AC
AN,

CM
_
9
_
2
835
.
Gc gia hai ng thng cos

(AN, CM)
cos(
AN,

CM)

7
_
221
1768
arccos
7
_
221
1768
.
Bi 6.6.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi tm O cnh a,
BAD 60
o
. ng thng SO vung
gc vi mt phng (ABCD) v SO
3a
4
. Gi E, F ln lt l trung im ca BC, BE.
a) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SBC).
b) Tnh gc gia hai ng thng AE v SF.
c) Mt phng () cha AD v vung gc vi (SBC) ct hnh chp S.ABCD theo mt thit din.
Tnh din tch thit din .
Gii:
V OA, OB, OS i mt vung gc nn chn h trc ta Oxyz (hnh v). Ta cc im
A
_
a
_
3
2
; 0; 0
_
, D
_
0;
a
2
; 0
_
, C
_
a
_
3
2
; 0; 0
_
, B
_
0;
a
2
; 0
_
, S
_
0; 0;
3a
4
_
.
a) Ta c

SB
_
0;
a
2
;
3a
4
_
,

SC
_
a
_
3
2
; 0;
3a
4
_
nn
_
SB,

SC
_
a
2
_
3
8
_
_
3; 3; 2
_
Phng trnh mt phng (SBC) l (SBC) : 2
_
3x+6y+4z 3a 0.
Khong cch cn tm d(A, (SBC))
2
_
3.
a
_
3
2
+6.0+4.03a
_
(2
_
3)
2
+6
2
+4
2
3
4
a.
b) V E, F ln lt l trung im ca BC, BE nn E
_
a
_
3
4
;
a
2
; 0
_
, F
_
a
_
3
8
;
a
2
; 0
_
.
Do

AE
_
3a
_
3
4
;
a
2
; 0
_
,

BF
_
a
_
3
8
; 0; 0
_
, nn
cos

(AE, BF)
cos(
AE,

BF)

3
_
93
31
arccos
3
_
93
31
.
c) Phng trnh mt phng () l () : 2x2
_
3y+4
_
3z a
_
3 0.
Phng trnh cc ng thng
SB:
_
_
x 0
y 2t
z
3a
4
3t
, SC :
_
_
x 2t
y 0
z
3a
4
+
_
3t
.
Do () SB M
_
0;
a
4
;
3a
8
_
, () SC N
_
a
_
3
4
; 0;
3a
8
_
.
Thit din l hnh thang ADNM c chiu cao bng khong cch t A n (SBC)
nn din tch ca thit din l S
ADNM
1
2
(AD+MN).d(A, (SBC))
9a
2
16
.
Bi 6.7.
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y l tam gic vung cn ti A, BC BS a, BS(ABC). Gi M, N
ln lt l trung im cc cnh SA v BC.
a) Tnh di on thng MN.
b) Tnh gc v khong cch gia hai ng thng AB, MN.
Gii:
Chn h trc ta Oxyz (hnh v), vi OB, trc Oz cha BS, trc Oy cha BC.
Ta cc im
B(0; 0; 0), C(0; a; 0), S(0; 0; a), A
_
a
2
;
a
2
; 0
_
, M
_
a
4
;
a
4
;
a
2
_
, N
_
0;
a
2
; 0
_
.
a) Ta c

MN
_
a
4
;
a
4
;
a
2
_
Nn MN
a
_
6
4
.
b) V

BA
_
a
2
;
a
2
; 0
_
nn
_
BA,

MN
_
a
2
4
;
a
2
4
;
a
2
4
_
.
Ta c

BA.
MN 0 nn

(AB, MN) 90
0
.
Khong cch gia hai ng thng l d(AB, MN)
BA,

MN
_
.
BM
BA,

MN
_
a
_
3
4
.
Bi 6.8.
Cho hai ng thng ,
t
cho nhau v vung gc vi nhau nhn AB lm ng vung gc
chung (A , A
t

t
). Gi M, N l cc im di chuyn trn v
t
sao cho MN AM+BN.
a) Chng minh rng tch AM.BN v th tch khi t din ABMN l nhng i lng khng
i.
b) Chng minh rng MN lun tip xc vi mt cu ng knh AB.
Gii:
Chn h trc ta Oxyz (hnh v), vi O A, trc Oz cha AB, trc Ox cha ng thng a,
trc Oy//b. t AB h, AMa, v AN b, (h, a, b >0).
Ta cc im A(0; 0; 0), B(0; 0; h), M(a; 0; 0), N(0; b; h).
V MN AM+BN nn
_
h
2
+a
2
+b
2
a+b 2a.b h
2
.
a) Ta c
+) AM.BN a.b
h
2
2
.
+)

AB(0; 0; h),

AM(a; 0; 0),
AN(0; b; h)
_
AB,
AM
_
(0; ah; 0).
Th tch khi t din ABMN l V
ABMN
1
6
AB,
AM
_
.
AN

1
6
abh
1
12
h
3
.
V h AB khng i nn tch AM.BN v th tch khi t din ABMN l nhng i lng
khng i.
b) Gi trung im ca AB l I
_
0; 0;
h
2
_
.
Ta c

MN(a; b; h),

IM
_
a; 0;
h
2
_
nn
_
MN,

IM
_
hb
2
;
ha
2
; ab
_
.
Khong cch t im I n ng thng MN l
d(I, MN)
MN,

IM
_
MN
_
h
2
b
2
+h
2
a
2
+4a
2
b
2
4(a
2
+b
2
+h
2
)

_
2ab
3
+2ba
3
+4a
2
b
2
4(a
2
+b
2
+h
2
)

_
ab
2

h
2

AB
2
.
Vy ng thng MN tip xc vi mt cu ng knh AB.
Bi 6.9.
Trn cc tia Ox, Oy, Oz ca gc tam din vung Oxyz ln lt ly cc im A, B, C sao cho
OA a, OB a
_
2, OC c, (a, c > 0). Gi D l nh i din vi O ca hnh ch nht AOBD
v M l trung im ca on BC. Mt phng () qua A, M ct mt phng (OCD) theo mt
ng thng vung gc vi ng thng AM.
a) Gi E l giao im ca () vi ng thng OC. Tnh di on thng OE.
b) Tnh t s th tch ca hai khi a din c to thnh khi ct khi chp C.AOBD bi mt
phng ().
c) Tnh khong cch t im C n mt phng ().
Gii:
Chn h trc ta Oxyz (hnh v). Ta cc im
O(0; 0; 0), A(a; 0; 0), B(0; a
_
2; 0), D(a; a
_
2; 0), C(0; 0; c).
a) V M l trung im ca BC nn M
_
0;
a
_
2
2
;
c
2
_
.
Ta c

OC(0; 0; c),

OD(a; a
_
2; 0)
_
OC;

OD
_
(ac
_
2; ac; 0).
Mt vc t php tuyn ca mt phng (OCD) l n
(OCD)
(
_
2; 1; 0).
Gi F () CD th EF l giao tuyn ca () vi (OCD), ta c EFAM.
V

AM
_
a;
a
_
2
2
;
c
2
_
nn
_
n
(OCD)
,
AM
_
c
2
(1;
_
2; 0),
do mt vc t ch phng ca EF l u
EF
(1;
_
2; 0).
Ta c
_
u
EF
,

AM
_
1
2
(c
_
2; c; 3
_
2a) nn phng trnh mt phng () l
_
2cxcy+3
_
2az ac
_
2 0.
Do () Oz E
_
0; 0;
c
3
_
OE
c
3
.
b) Ta c () CD F
_
2a
3
;
2
_
2a
3
;
c
3
_
CF
CD

2
3
. M V
COADB
2V
CAOD
2V
CBOD
nn
V
CEAFM
V
COADB
V
CAEF
2V
CAOD
+
V
CMEF
2V
CBOD
1
2
_
CE
CO
.
CF
CD
+
CM
CB
.
CE
CO
.
CF
CD
_
1
3
Do t s th tch hai khi a din c to thnh khi ct khi chp C.AODB bi mt phng
() l
1
2
(hay 2).
c) Khong cch cn tm d(C, ())
3
_
2ac ac
_
2
_
2c
2
+c
2
+18a
2

2
_
6ac
3
_
c
2
+6a
2
.
Ch :
+) Nu EF//OD th vic tm vc t ch phng ca EF s gn hn.
+) Hon ton c th tnh t s ca cu b bng phng php hnh gii tch nhng s di v
phc tp.
Bi 6.10.
Cho hai hnh ch nht ABCD (AC l ng cho), ABEF (AE l ng cho) khng cng
nm trong mt mt phng v tha mn cc iu kin AB a, AD AF a
_
2, ng thng
AC vung gc vi ng thng BF. Gi HK l ng vung gc chung ca AC, BF (H thuc
AC, K thuc BF).
a) Gi I l giao im ca ng thng DF vi mt phng cha AC v song song vi BF. Tnh
t s
DI
DF
.
b) Tnh di on HK.
c) Tnh bn knh mt cu ni tip t din ABHK.
Gii:
Chn h trc ta Oxyz (hnh v). Ta cc im
A O(0; 0; 0), B(0; 0; a), D(0; a
_
2; 0), C(0; a
_
2; a).
Gi F(x; y; 0), x >0. Ta c AF
2
x
2
+ y
2
2a
2
.
Mt khc ACBF v

AC(0; a
_
2; a),

BF(x; y; a) nn

AC.
BF 0 y.a
_
2a
2
0
Do y
a
_
2
2
x
a
_
6
2
, hay F
_
a
_
6
2
;
a
_
2
2
; 0
_
, E
_
a
_
6
2
;
a
_
2
2
; a
_
.
a) Mt phng () cha AC v song song vi BF c phng trnh
_
3x y+
_
2z 0.
ng thng DF
_
_
x
_
3t
y a
_
2t
z 0
V th DF () I nn I
_
a
_
6
4
;
3a
_
2
4
; 0
_
.
Do
DI
DF

1
2
, hay I l trung im ca DF.
b) ng thng AC v BF c phng trnh l AC :
_
_
x 0
y
_
2.t
z t
, BF :
_
_
x
_
3.t
y t
z a
_
2.t
.
V vy H(0;
_
2m; m), K(
_
3n; n; a
_
2n) nn

HK(
_
3n; n
_
2m; a
_
2nm)
M HK l ng vung gc chung nn
_
_
_
u
AC
.
HK 0
u
BF
.
HK 0
_
_
_
_
2n2m+a
_
2nm0
3n+n
_
2m
_
2a+2n+
_
2m0
Gii h phng trnh ta c m
a
3
, n
a
_
2
6

HK
_
a
_
6
6
;
a
_
2
6
;
a
3
_
Vy di on HK l HK
a
_
3
3
.
c) Ta c
AB(0; 0; a),

AH
_
0;
a
_
2
3
;
a
3
_
,

AK
_
a
_
6
6
;
a
_
2
6
;
2a
3
_
,
HK
_
a
_
6
6
;
a
_
2
6
;
a
3
_
,

BH
_
0;
a
_
2
3
;
2a
3
_
.
Th tch khi t din ABHK l V
ABHK

1
6
AB,

AH
_
.
AK

a
3
_
3
3
.
Din tch cc mt S
AHK

a
2
6
, S
BHK

a
2
6
, S
ABH
a
2
_
2
6
, S
ABK

a
2
_
2
6
S
tp
a
2
(1+
_
2)
3
.
Bn knh mt cu ni tip t din ABHK l r
3V
ABHK
S
tp
a(
_
6
_
3)
6
.
Bi 6.11.
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
v mt cu (S) ni tip trong hnh lp phng . Mt
phng (P) quay quanh A, tip xc vi mt cu (S) v ct hai cnh A
t
B
t
v A
t
D
t
ln lt ti
M, N. Tm tp hp tm mt cu ngoi tip t din AA
t
MN.
Gii:
Gi s cnh ca hnh lp phng l 1 n v. Chn h trc ta Oxyz (hnh v).
Ta cc nh O A
t
, B
t
(1; 0; 0), D
t
(0; 1; 0), A(0; 0; 1).
Xt hai im bt k M, N nm trong cc cnh A
t
B
t
, A
t
D
t
ta c M(m; 0; 0), N(0; n; 0), 0 < m, n <
1.
Phng trnh mt phng (AMN) l (AMN) :
x
m
+
y
n
+z 1.
Mt cu ni tip hnh lp phng c phng trnh
(S) :
_
x
1
2
_
2
+
_
y
1
2
_
2
+
_
z
1
2
_
2
1
4
.
T din AA
t
MN c gc tam din nh A
t
vung
nn ta tm mt cu ngoi tip AA
t
MN l I
_
m
2
;
n
2
;
1
2
_
.
Mt phng (AMN) tip xc vi mt cu (S) khi v ch khi
d(I, (AMN))
1
2

1
2m
+
1
2n
+
1
2
1
_
1
m
2
+
1
n
2
+1
1
2

_
1
m
+
1
n
1
2
_
2
1
m
2
+
1
n
2
+1 m+n 1
Tc l x
I
+ y
I
1
2
z
I
0 < x
I
, y
I
<1
nn qu tch ca im I l on thng I
1
I
2
tr hai im I
1
_
1
2
; 0;
1
2
_
; I
2
_
0;
1
2
;
1
2
_
Cc im I
1
; I
2
chnh l trung im cc on thng AB
t
, AD
t
.
Bi 6.12.
T din u ABCD c tm l S v c di cc cnh bng 2. Gi A
t
, B
t
, C
t
, D
t
theo th t l
hnh chiu ca cc nh A, B, C, D trn ng thng no i qua S. Tm tt c cc v tr
ca ng thng sao cho SA
t
4
+SB
t
4
+SC
t
4
+SD
t
4
t gi tr ln nht.
Gii:
Ngoi tip t din u ABCD bng hnh lp phng AB
1
CD
1
.C
1
DA
1
B.
Chn h trc ta Oxyz (hnh v).
Ta cc im A(
_
2; 0; 0), B(0;
_
2; 0), C(0; 0;
_
2),
V D(
_
2;
_
2;
_
2), S
_
_
2
2
;
_
2
2
;
_
2
2
_
. Suy ra

SA
_
_
2
2
;
_
2
2
;
_
2
2
_
,

SB
_
_
2
2
;
_
2
2
;
_
2
2
_
,
SC
_
_
2
2
;
_
2
2
;
_
2
2
_
,

SD
_
_
2
2
;
_
2
2
;
_
2
2
_
.
Gi e(x; y; z) l vc t n v ca ng thng . Khi
SA
t
e.
SA
, SB
t
e.
SB
, SC
t
e.
SC
, SD
t
e.
SD
V x
2
+ y
2
+z
2
1 nn
4T 4(SA
t
4
+SB
t
4
+SC
t
4
+SD
t
4
)
(x+ y+z)
4
+(x y+z)
4
+(x+ yz)
4
+(x+ y+z)
4
4+16(x
2
y
2
+ y
2
z
2
+z
2
x
2
) 4+
16
3
(x
2
+ y
2
+z
2
)
2
Hay T
7
3
.
Du ng thc c khi v ch khi x
2
y
2
z
2
1
3
[x[ [ y[ [z[
_
3
3
.
Vy gi tr ln nht ca T l
7
3
t c khi l cc ng thng i qua cc nh ca t din
u ABCD.
C. BI TP
Bi 6.13.
Cho hnh chp O.ABC c OA, OB, OC i mt vung gc v OA a, OB b, OC c.
a) Chng minh rng OH(ABC), H (ABC) khi v ch khi H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC.
b) Tnh khong cch t O n mt phng (ABC).
c) Tnh khong cch t O n tm ng trn ngoi tip I ca tam gic ABC.
d) Cho M l mt im bt k trn mt phng (ABC), khng trng vi A, B, C, H (H trc tm
tam gic ABC). Chng minh rng
AM
2
AO
2
+
BM
2
BO
2
+
CM
2
CO
2
2+
HM
2
HO
2
.
e) Gi , , ln lt l gc gia cc mt bn vi mt y.
Chng minh rng
sin
2
1+sinsin
+
sin
2
1+sinsin
+
sin
2
1+sinsin
6
5
.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 6.14.
Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c AB a, AD 2a, AA
t
a
_
2, M l mt im thuc
on AD, K l trung im ca B
t
M.
a) t AM m(0 m2a). Tnh th tch khi t din A
t
KID theo a v m, trong I l tm
ca hnh hp. Tm v tr ca im M th tch t gi tr ln nht.
b) Khi M l trung im AD. Tnh din tch thit din ct hnh hp bi mt phng (B
t
CK).
c) Khi M l trung im AD. Chng minh rng ng thng B
t
M tip xc vi mt cu ng
knh AA
t
.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 6.15.
t
B
t
C
t
c AB a, AC 2a, AA
t
2a
_
5 v

BAC 120
o
. Gi M
l trung im ca CC
t
. Chng minh MBMA
t
v tnh khong cch t im A ti mt phng
(A
t
BM).
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 6.16. ( thi tuyn sinh i hc, khi D nm 2007)
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang, BA BC a, AD 2a,

ABC
BAD 90
0
. Cnh
bn SA vung gc vi y v SA a
_
2. Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB. Chng
minh tam gic SCD vung v tnh khong cch t H n mt phng (SCD).
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 6.17.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung tm O, SA vung gc vi y hnh
chp. Cho ABa, SA a
_
2. Gi H, K ln lt l hnh chiu ca A trn SB, SD. Chng minh
SC(AHK) v tnh th tch khi chp OAHK.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 6.18.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA a
_
3 v vung gc vi y.
Tnh theo a th tch khi t din SACD v tnh cosin ca gc gia hai ng thng SB, AC.
Gii:
Kt lun:
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic vung, ABBC a, AA
t
a
_
2.
Gi M l trung im ca cnh BC. Tnh theo a th tch khi lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
v khong
cch gia hai ng thng AM, B
t
C.
Gii:
Kt lun:
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B, AB a, AA
t

2a, A
t
C 3a. Gi M l trung im ca on thng A
t
C
t
, I l giao im ca AM v A
t
C. Tnh
theo a th tch khi t din I ABC v khong cch t im A n mt phng (IBC).
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 6.21.
Cho hnh chp u S.ABC c cnh y bng a. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SA, SC.
Tnh th tch khi chp v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABC bit rng BMAN.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 6.22.
Cho tam gic ABC vung ti C. Tm cc im M trong khng gian tha mn MA
2
+MB
2
MC
2
.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 6.23.
Cho t din u A
1
A
2
A
3
A
4
c cnh bng c. Gi (P) l mt phng quay quanh tm ca t
din. Gi B
1
, B
2
, B
3
, B
4
ln lt l hnh chiu ca A
1
, A
2
, A
3
, A
4
trn mt phng (P). Tm
gi tr nh nht ca tng T A
1
B
4
1
+ A
2
B
4
2
+ A
3
B
4
3
+ A
4
B
4
4
theo c v xc nh v tr ca mt
phng (P) khi .
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 6.24.
Cho t din u ABCD. Tm qu tch nhng im M sao cho tng bnh phng cc khong
cch t n cc mt ca t din bng k
2
cho trc.
Gii:
Kt lun:
.
7 - Mt s bi ton tng hp
Bi 7.1.
Cho hnh lng tr ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c M l trung im cnh AB, BC 2a,

ACB90
o
v
ABC
60
o
, cnh bn CC
1
to vi mt phng (ABC) mt gc 45
o
, hnh chiu vung gc ca C
1
ln mt
phng (ABC) l trung im ca CM. Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v gc to bi hai
mt phng (ABC) v (ACC
1
A
1
).
Gii:
Gi H l trung im CM. T gi thit C
1
H(ABC)
C
1
CH

(CC
1
; (ABC)) 45
o
.
T tam gic vung ABC vi BC 2a,

ABC 60
o
AC 2a
_
3, AM4a, CM
1
2
AB2a
CHa C
1
HCHtan45
o
a. V
ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
C
1
H.S
ABC
a.2a
2
_
3 2
_
3a
3
.
K HKAC ng xin C
1
KAC

((ABC); (ACC
1
A
1
))
C
1
KH.
Tam gic MCA cn ti M

MCA

MAC 30
o
HK HC. sin30
o
a
2
tan(
C
1
KH)
CH
HK
2

((ABC); (ACC
1
A
1
)) arctan2.
Bi 7.2.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCDc y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D, AD DC, AB 2AD,
mt bn SBC l tam gic u cnh 2a v thuc mt phng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD).
Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch gia hai ng thng BC v SA theo a.
Gii:
Gi M l trung im AB, H l trung im BC. Ta c SHBC SH(ABCD), SHa
_
3.
T gic AMCD l hnh vung nn CM AM MB. Suy ra ZCMB vung cn.
Do CMa
_
2, AB2a
_
2, CD a
_
2.
Din tch S
ABCD
(AB+CD).CM
2
3a
2
. Th tch V
S.ABCD
1
3
SH.S
ABCD
_
3a
3
.
K ng thng i qua A, //BC. H HI(I ).
Suy ra BC//(SAI). Do d(BC, SA) d(BC, (SAI)) d(H, (SAI)).
H HKSI (K SI). Suy ra HK(SAI). Do d(H, (SAI)) HK.
Ta c CM AM MB nn tam gic ACB vung ti C. Suy ra HI AC 2a.
Do d(BC, SA) HK
HI.SH
_
HI
2
+SH
2

2
_
21a
7
.
Bi 7.3.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCc y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, hnh chiu vung gc ca nh S
trn mt phng (ABC) l trung im cnh AB. Gi M l trung im cnh BC. Bit gc gia
hai mt phng (SBC) v (ABC) bng 45
o
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch gia
hai ng thng AB v SM theo a.
Gii:
Gi H, K ln lt l trung im AB, BM. Ta c SH(ABC), HK|AM
suy ra HKBC
SHK 45
o
nn SH HK
AM
2

a
_
3
4
.
Din tch S
ABC
1
2
AM.BC
a
2
_
3
4
. Th tch V
SABC
1
3
SH.S
ABC
a
3
16
.
Gi N l trung im AC MN|ABAB|(SMN) d(AB, SM) d(AB, (SMN)) d(H, (SMN)).
Gi I l giao im ca CH l MN. Suy ra I l trung im ca CH v MNCH.
H HJSI HJ(SMN) d(H, (SMN)) HJ. Ta c HI
1
2
CH
a
_
3
4
nn d(AB, SM) HJ
HI.SH
_
HI
2
+SH
2

a
_
6
8
.
Bi 7.4.
Cho hnh hp ng ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c y l hnh thoi cnh a,
BAD vi cos
3
4
, cnh
bn AA
t
2a. Gi M l im tha mn

DM k.
DA v N l trung im ca cnh A
t
B
t
. Tnh
th tch khi t din C
t
MD
t
N theo a v tm k C
t
MD
t
N.
Gii:
* Ta c V
C
t
MD
t
N
1
3
d(M, (A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
)).S
C
t
ND
1
3
d(M, (A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
)).
1
2
S
ABCD
1
3
.2a.
1
2
.a.a. sin
a
3
3
_
1
9
16

a
3
_
7
12
.
* t

AB

x ,

AD

y ,

AA
t

z . Ta c
C
t
M
C
t
D
t
+
D
t
D+
DM

x

z k

y
D
t
N
D
t
A
t
+
A
t
N

y +
1
2

x .
Khi C
t
MD
t
N
C
t
M.
D
t
N 0
_

x +k

y +

z
_
_
1
2

x

y
_
0
1
2
2
k
2
+
_
k
2
1
_

x

y 0
1
2
a
2
ka
2
+
_
k
2
1
_
.a.a.
3
4
0 k
2
5
.
Bi 7.5.
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c AB a, AD a
_
2, AA
t
2a. Gi M l im tha
mn

DM k.
DA v N l trung im ca cnh A
t
B
t
. Tnh th tch khi t din C
t
MD
t
N theo
a v tm k C
t
MD
t
N.
Gii:
Ta c V
C
t
MD
t
N
1
3
d
_
M, (A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
)
_
.S
C
t
ND
t
1
3
d
_
M, (A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
)
_
.
1
2
S
ABCD

1
3
.2a.
1
2
.a.a
_
2
a
3
_
2
3
.
t

AB

x ,

AD

y ,

AA
t

z .
Ta c

C
t
M
C
t
D
t
+
D
t
D+
DM

x

z k

y

D
t
N
D
t
A
t
+
A
t
N

y +
1
2

x .
Khi C
t
MD
t
N
C
t
M.
D
t
N 0
_

x +k

y +

z
_
_
1
2

x

y
_
0
1
2
2
k
2
0
1
2
a
2
2ka
2
0 k
1
4
.
Bi 7.6.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a
_
3, tam gic SBC vung ti S v
nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y, ng thng SD to vi mt phng (SBC) mt gc
bng 60
o
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a v tnh gc gia hai mt phng (SBD) v
(ABCD).
Gii:
V (SBC)(ABCD), CDBC, CD (ABCD) nn CD(SBC)
DSC (SD; (SBC)) 60

o
SC CD. cot60
o
a. Suy ra SBa
_
2. K SHBC SH(ABCD).
T tam gic SBC vung ta c SH
a
_
2
_
3
. Suy ra V
SABCD
1
3
SH.S
ABCD
a
3
_
6
3
.
K SKBD. Khi hnh chiu HKBD. Suy ra (SBD, ABCD)
SKH.
T tam gic vung SBC ta c BH
SB
2
BC

2a
_
3
HK BH. sin45
o
a
_
2
_
3
.
Suy ra SHK vung cn ti H. Do

SKH45
o
. Vy (SBD, ABCD) 45
o
.
Bi 7.7.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c SD vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD), y ABCD l hnh thoi
cnh a c
BAD 120
o
. ng thng SA to vi mt phng (SBD) mt gc bng vi cot3.
Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch t B n mt phng (SAC) theo a.
Gii:
Gi O ACBD. T gi thit suy ra AC(SBD) ti O nn
ASO(SA; (SBD) .

BAD 120
o
ADC 60
o
ZADC u cnh a. Suy ra S
ABCD
2S
ADC
a
2
_
3
2
v DO
a
_
3
2
, AO
a
2
.
Do SO AO. cot
3a
2
SD
_
SO
2
OD
2
a
_
3
_
2
.
Suy ra V
SABCD
1
3
SD.S
ABCD
a
3
2
_
2

a
3
_
2
4
.
K DHSO. V AC(SBD) nn ACDH. Suy ra DH(SAC) (1)
Ta c ZSDO vung ti D nn DH
a
_
2
2
(2)
V O l trung im BD nn d(B; (SAC)) d(D; (SAC)) (3)
T (1), (2) v (3) ta suy ra d(B; (SAC))
a
_
2
2
.
Bi 7.8.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang cn (AB|CD), AB2CD 4a, BC a
_
10.
Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD. Bit SO vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) v mt bn SAB
l tam gic u. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v tnh cosin gc gia hai ng thng SD
v BC.
Gii:
Gi H l hnh chiu ca C trn AB; M, N l trung im ca AB, CD.
Ta c HB
ABCD
2
a CH3a OM2a, ON a nn OAB vung cn.
Suy ra OA OB2a
_
2. Do SOOB2a
_
2. Suy ra V
S.ABCD
1
3
SO.S
ABCD
6a
3
_
2.
BC|DM nn

(SD, BC)

(SD, DM) [0,

2
].
Ta c DMBC a
_
10, SD
_
SO
2
+OD
2
a
_
10, SM2a
_
3.
Suy ra cos
SDM
2
5
. Vy cos
2
5
.
Bi 7.9.
t
B
t
C
t
c AC a, BC 2a,

ACB120
o
v ng thng A
t
C to
vi mt phng (ABB
t
A
t
) gc 30
o
. Gi M l trung im BB
t
. Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho
v khong cch gia hai ng thng AM, CC
t
theo a.
Gii:
K CHAB. V AA
t
(ABC) nn AA
t
CHCH(ABB
t
A
t
)
CA
t
H(A
t
C, (ABB
t
A
t
)) 30
o
.
S dng nh l cosin v cng thc din tch cho ABC ta c AB A
_
7,
CH
2S
ABC
AB

A.2A. sin120
o
A
_
7
A
_
3
7
. CA
t
2CH2A
_
3
7
AA
t
_
A
t
C
2
AC
2
A
_
5
7
.
Th tch lng tr l V AA
t
.S
ABC
a
_
5
7
.
a
2
_
3
2

a
3
_
105
14
.
Mt phng (ABB
t
A
t
) cha AM v song song CC
t
d(AM, CC
t
) d(C, (ABB
t
A
t
)) CHa
_
3
7

a
_
21
7

Bi 7.10.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB a, AD a
_
2, gc gia hai
mt phng (SAC) v (ABCD)bng 60
o
. Gi H l trung im ca AB. Bit mt bn SAB l
tam gic cn ti nh S v thuc mt phng vung gc vi mt phng y. Tnh th tch khi
chp S.ABCD v tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.AHC.
Gii:
T gi thit suy ra SH(ABCD). V HFAC (F AC) SFAC (l ba ng vung gc).
Suy ra

SFH60
o
. K BEAC (E AC). Khi HF
1
2
BE
a
_
2
2
_
3
.
Ta c SH HF. tan60
o
a
_
2
2
. Suy ra V
S.ABCD
1
3
SH.S
ABCD
a
3
3
.
Gi J, r ln lt l tm v bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AHC.
Ta c r
AH.HC.AC
4S
AHC
AH.HC.AC
2S
ABC
3a
_
3
4
_
2
. K ng thng qua J v |SH.
Khi tm I ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.AHC l giao im ca ng trung trc
on SH v trong mt phng (SHJ).
Ta c IH
_
I J
2
+JH
2
_
SH
2
4
+r
2
. Suy ra bn knh mt cu l R a
_
31
32
.
Bi 7.11.
Cho hnh hp ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c di tt c cc cnh u bng a > 0 v

BAD
DAA
t

A
t
AB60
o
. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AA
t
, CD. Chng minh MN|(A
t
C
t
D) v tnh
cosin ca gc to bi hai ng thng MN v B
t
C.
Gii:
Gi I l trung im DC
t
. V NI|CC
t
v NI
1
2
CC
t
nn NI MA
t
v NI|MA
t
.
Suy ra MN|A
t
I. Do MN|(DA
t
C
t
). V MN|AI, B
t
C|A
t
D nn

(MN, B
t
C)

(A
t
I, A
t
D) (1)
S dng gi thit v nh l cosin cho cc tam gic ta thu c A
t
D a, DC
t
A
t
C
t
a
_
3.
Suy ra A
t
I
2
A
t
D
2
+A
t
C
t
2
2

DC
t
2
4

5a
2
4
A
t
I
a
_
5
2
.
Trong ZA
t
DI ta c cos
DA
t
I
A
t
D
2
+A
t
I
2
DI
2
2A
t
D.A
t
I

3
2
_
5
(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra cos(MN, B
t
C) [ cos
DA
t
I[
3
2
_
5

3
_
5
10
.
Bi 7.12.
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c mt phng (SAC) vung gc vi mt phng (ABC) v c SA SB
SC 2a, AB3a, BC a
_
3 (a >0). Tnh din tch ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp theo a.
Gii:
K SHAC. Do SA SC nn H l trung im AC (1)
V (SAC)(ABC) nn SH(ABC) HA HC HB (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra ZABC vung ti B c H l tm ng trn ni tip.
Do AC
_
AB
2
+BC
2
2
_
3a SH
_
SA
2
AH
2
a.
SH l trc ng trn ngoi tip ZABC, trong mt phng (SAC) ng trung trc ca SA ct
SH ti O l tm mt cu. Gi K l trung im SA. Khi hai tam gic vung SOK v SAH
ng dng nn
SO
SA

SK
SH
. Suy ra bn knh mt cu R SO
SK.SA
SH
2a.
Suy ra din tch mt cu l S 4R
2
16a
2
.
Bi 7.13.
Cho hnh tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O
t
; OO
t
a. Gi A, B l hai im thuc
ng trn y tm O, im A
t
thuc ng trn y tm O
t
sao cho OA, OB vung gc vi
nhau v AA
t
l ng sinh ca hnh tr. Bit gc gia ng thng AO
t
v mt phng (AA
t
B)
bng 30
o
. Tnh th tch khi tr theo a.
Gii:
Gi B
t
thuc ng trn (O
t
) sao cho BB
t
|AA
t
; M l trung im ca A
t
B
t
.
Ta c ZA
t
B
t
O
t
vung cn ti O
t
. Suy ra O
t
MA
t
B
t
. Do O
t
M(AA
t
B). Suy ra

O
t
AM30
o
.
Ta c AO
t
O
t
M
sin30
o
2.O
t
M. M O
t
M
_
2
2
O
t
A
t
nn A
t
O
_
2.O
t
A
t
.
Trong tam gic AA
t
O ta cAO
t
2
AA
t
2
+A
t
O
t
2
O
t
A
t
a. Vy V a
3
.
Bi 7.14.
1
B
1
C
1
c AA
1
3a, BC a, AA
1
BC, khong cch gia hai ng
thng AA
1
v B
1
C bng 2a (a >0). Tnh th tch khi lng tr theo a.
Gii:
T gi thit suy ra BB
1
C l tam gic vung ti B v S
BB
1
C
1
2
BB
1
.BC
3a
2
2
.
Mt phng (BB
1
C) cha B
1
C v song song vi AA
1
nn d(AA
1
; B
1
C) d(A; BB
1
C) 2a.
Suy ra V
A.BB
1
C
1
3
d(A; BB
1
C).S
BB
1
C
a
3
.
V chung y v chung ng cao nn Vlng tr 3.V
B
1
.ABC
3.V
A.BB
1
C
3a
3
Bi 7.15.
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c SC(ABC) v tam gic ABC vung ti B. Bit rng AB a, AC
a
_
3 (a > 0) v gc gia hai mt phng (SAB), (SAC) bng vi tan
_
13
6
. Tnh th tch
khi chp S.ABC theo a.
Gii:
Gi H, K l hnh chiu ca C ln SA, SB. Ta chng minh c CK(SAB), SA(CHK).
Suy ra ZCHK vung ti K v SAKH. Do
CHK.
T tan
_
13
6
sin
_
13
19

CK
2
CH
2

13
19
(1)
t SC x >0. Trong tam gic vung SAC ta c
1
CH
2

1
CA
2
+
1
CS
2
CH
2
3a
2
x
2
3a
2
+x
2
.
Tng t, trong tam gic vung SBC ta c CK
2
2a
2
x
2
2a
2
+x
2
.
Do t (1)
2(3a
2
+x
2
)
3(2a
2
+x
2
)

13
19
x 6a, v x >0.
Suy ra V
SABC
1
3
SC.S
ABC
1
3
SC.
1
2
AB.BC
_
2a
3
.
Bi 7.16.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung,

A

D 90
o
, AB AD 2a,
CD a, gc gia mt phng (ABCD) v mt phng (SCD) bng 60
o
, mt bn SAD l tam
gic cn ti S, mt phng (SAD) vung gc vi mt y. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD
v khong cch t im D n mt phng (SBC) theo a.
Gii:
V SAD cn ti S, nn gi H l trung im ca AD th SHAD,
mt khc (SAD) (ABCD) nn SH l ng cao hnh chp S.ABCD.
K HKBC th SKBC, tc

SKH l gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (ABCD).
Suy ra:

SKH60
o
Ta c: SH HK. tan60
o
HK
_
3.
D thy BC a
_
5 v do HK.BC 2S
HBC
, S
HBC
S
ABCD
(S
HAB
S
HCD
) nn HK
3a
_
5
5
.
Suy ra: SH
3a
_
15
5
Do : V
S.ABCD
1
3
.S
ABCD
.SH
1
6
(AB+CD) .AD.SH
3a
3
_
15
5
K HISK(I SK), suy ra: HI(SBC).Gi E l giao im ca AD v BC.
D thy: DE
2
3
HE d(D; (SBC))
2
3
d(H; (SBC))
2
3
HI
Do
1
HI
2

1
SH
2
+
1
HK
2

250
135a
2
HI
9a
_
2
10
. Vy d(D; (SBC))
3a
_
2
5
.
Bi 7.17.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD,y l hnh ch nht cAB 3, BC 6,mt phng (SAB) vung gc
vi mt phng y,cc mt phng (SBC) v (SCD) cng to vi mt phng (ABCD) cc gc
bng nhau.Bit khong cch gia hai ng thng SAv BD bng
_
6.Tnh th tch khi chp
S.ABCD v csin gc gia hai ng thng SAv BD.
Gii:
H SHABSH(ABCD) (do (SAB) (ABCD) AB)
K HKCD t gic HBCK l hnh ch nht.
Ta thy BC(SAB)
SBH((SBC) , (ABCD)), CD(SHK)
SKH((SCD) , (ABCD))
theo gt

SBH
SKHSHBSHK (gcg) HB HK BC 6 do A l trung im HB.

Ta thy ABDKl hnh bnh hnhBD|AK BD|(SAK)
m SA (SAK) d(BD, SA) d(BD, (SAK)) d(D, (SAK)) d(H, (SAK))
_
6 h
Do tam din H.SAK vung ti H
1
h
2

1
HS
2
+
1
HA
2
+
1
HK
2
1
6

1
HS
2
+
1
9
+
1
36
SH
2
36 SH6V
S.ABCD
1
3
SH.dt
ABCD
1
3
.6.3.6 36 (v dt).
Gi l gc gia hai ng thng BD v SA(BD, SA) (AK, SA)
Ta c SK 6
_
2, SA AK 3
_
5.
Trong tam gic SAK: cos
SAK
AS
2
+AK
2
SK
2
2AS.AK

45+4572
2.3
_
5.3
_
5

1
5
Vy
SAK arccos
1
5

Bi 7.18.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh bng a, SA SB a, SD a
_
2 v
mt phng (SBD) vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Tnh theo a th tch khi chp S.ABCD
v khong cch gia hai ng thng AC v SD.
Gii:
Theo gi thit (ABCD) (SBD) theo giao tuyn BD. Do nu dng AO(SBD) th O BD.
Mt khc AS AB AD OS OBOD hay SBD l tam gic vung ti S.
T : BD
_
SB
2
+SD
2
_
a
2
+2a
2
a
_
3 AO
_
AB
2
OB
2
_
a
2
3a
2
4

a
2
Suy ra th tch khi chp S.ABD c tnh bi:
V
S.ABD
V
A.SBD
1
3
S
SBD
.AO
1
6
SB.SD.AO
1
6
a.a
_
2.
a
2

a
3
_
2
12
V
S.ABCD
2V
S.ABD
a
3
_
2
6
(vtt).
Trong ZSBD dng OHSD ti H (1), nn H l trung im ca SD.
Theo chng minh trn AO(SBD) AOOH (2)
(1) v (2) chng t OH l on vung gc chung ca AC v SD
Vy d(AC, BD) OH
1
2
SB
a
2

Bi 7.19.
Cho lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c cnh bn bng a, y ABC l tam gic u, hnh chiu ca A
trn (A
t
B
t
C
t
) trng vi trng tm G ca ZA
t
B
t
C
t
. Mt phng (BB
t
C
t
C) to vi (A
t
B
t
C
t
) gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
theo a.
Gii:
Gi M, M
t
ln lt l trung im BC, B
t
C
t
A
t
, G, M
t
thng hng v AA
t
M
t
M l hnh bnh
hnh. A
t
M
t
B
t
C
t
, AGB
t
C
t
B
t
C
t
(AA
t
M
t
M). Suy ra gc gia (BCC
t
B
t
) v (A
t
B
t
C
t
) l gc gia
A
t
M
t
v MM
t
bng

M
t
MA 60
o
.
t x AB. Ta cZABC u cnh x c AM l ng cao. AM
x
_
3
2
A
t
M
t
, A
t
G
x
_
3
3
.
TrongZAA
t
G vung c AG AA
t
sin60
o
a
_
3
2
; A
t
G AA
t
cos60
o
a
2

x
_
3
3
x
a
_
3
2
.
S
ZABC
1
2
AB.AC. sin60
o
x
2
_
3
4

_
3
4
_
a
_
3
2
_
2
3a
2
_
3
16
.
V
ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t AG.S
ABC
a
_
3
2
3a
2
_
3
16

9a
3
32
.
Bi 7.20. thi th H ln 1 khi D-2012-THPT Chuyn Nguyn Quang Diu-ng Thp
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v c gc
ABC 60
0
, hai mt phng
(SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi y, gc gia hai mt phng (SAB) v (ABCD) bng 30
0
.
Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch gia hai ng thng SA, CD theo a.
Gii:
A
B C
D
I
S
M
H
K
Gi I l tm hnh thoi ABCD, khi (SAC) (SBD) SI. V hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD)
cng vung gc vi y ABCD nn suy ra SI mp(ABCD).
ZABC cn nh B v
ABC 60
0
nn ZABC l tam gic u cnh a. Do gi M l trung im
AB th BI CM
a
_
3
2
.
K IH AB ti H, th ta c SH AB. Bi vy:
(mp(SAB); mp(ABCD))

SHI 30
0
v IH
1
2
CM
a
_
3
4
SI IHtan
SHI
a
_
3
4
tan30
0
a
4
Vy: V
S.ABCD
1
3
dt(ABCD).SI
1
3
.AC.BI.SI
1
3
.a.
a
_
3
2
.
a
4

a
3
_
3
24
.
K IK SH ti K, khi IK mp(SAB).
Trong tam gic vung SIH, ta c:
1
IK
2

1
SI
2
+
1
IH
2

16
a
2
+
16
3a
2

64
3a
2
Suy ra: IK
a
_
3
8
.
Do CD mp(SAB)
nn d(SA; CD) d(CD; mp(SAB)) d(C; mp(SAB)) 2d(I; mp(SAB)) 2IK
Vy: d(SA; CD) 2
a
_
3
8

a
_
3
4
Kt lun: V
S.ABCD
a
3
_
3
24
; d(SA; CD)
a
_
3
4

Bi 7.21. thi th H QX 4
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi; hai ng cho AC 2
_
3a, BD 2a v
ct nhau ti O; hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Bit
khong cch t im O n mt phng (SAB) bng
a
_
3
4
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
theo a.
Gii:
A
B
C
D
O
M
S
H
V mp(SAC) mp(SBC) SO v mp(SAC) mp(ABCD), mp(SBD) mp(ABCD) nn suy ra
SOmp(ABCD)
K OM AB ti M, k OH SM ti H. Khi AB mp(SOM) AB OH, do OH
mp(SAB).
Bi vy: OH d(O; mp(SAB))
a
_
3
4
.
Trong tam gic vung OAB, ta c:
1
OM
2

1
OA
2
+
1
OB
2

1
3a
2
+
1
a
2

4
3a
2
Trong tam gic vung SOM, ta c:
1
OH
2

1
OM
2
+
1
SO
2

1
SO
2

1
OH
2
+
1
OM
2

16
3a
2
4
3a
2

4
a
2
.
Hay: SO
a
2
.
Vy: V
S.ABCD
1
3
.dt(ABCD).SO
1
3
.
1
3
.AC.BD.SO
a
3
_
3
3
. Kt lun: V
S.ABCD
a
3
_
3
3

Bi 7.22. thi H - C 2012 - THPT Lng 4 - Ngh An
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti A v D. Bit AB 2a, AD a, DC
a(a > 0) v SA vung gc vi mt y (ABCD). Gc to bi gia mt phng (SBC) vi y
bng 45
0
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch t B n mp(SCD) theo a.
Gii:
T gi thit ta c BC AC v BC SA, nn BC mp(SAC). Do vy:

((SBC); (ABCD))
SCA
45
0
.
T SA mp(ABCD) suy ra ZSAC vung ti A, kt hp vi
SCA 45
0
,ta c SA AC a
_
2
Vy: V
S.ABCD
1
3
dt(ABCD).SA
1
6
.(AB+CD).AD.SA
a
3
_
2
2
.
K AHSD ti H, d dng chng minh c AHmp(SCD). Trong tam gic SAD vung ti
A, ta c:
1
AH
2

1
SA
2
+
1
AD
2

3
2a
2
. Suy ra: AH
a
_
6
3
Do AB CD AB mp(SCD), nn:
d(B; mp(SCD)) d(A; mp(SCD)) AH
a
_
6
3
Kt lun:V
S.ABCD
a
3
_
2
2
v d(B; mp(SCD))
a
_
6
3
A
B
C
D
S
H
Bi 7.23. thi th H - C 2012 - THPT Triu Sn 4

Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD vi y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a, mt bn to
vi mt y mt gc 60
0
. Mt phng (P) cha AB v to vi mt y mt gc 30
0
ct SC, SD
ln lt ti M v N. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABMN.
Gii:
A
B
C
D
S
L
K
O
H
M
N
Gi O l tm hnh vung ABCD th SOmp(ABCD). Gi K, L ln lt l trung im AB, CD,
gi H l trung im SL, khi ABmp(SKL). Do :

SKH

(mp(SAB); mp(ABCD)) 60
0
.
Hnh chp S.ABCD l hnh chp u nn SK SL, kt hp vi

SKH60
0
tam gic SKL l
tam gic u cnh a. Bi vy HK
a
_
3
2

KL
_
3
2
v SHKL,

HKL 30
0
.
T ta c

mp(ABH); mp(ABCD)
HKL 30
0
, hay mp(P) trng vi mp(ABH).
V AB CD v H l trung im SL nn mt phng (P) ct SC, SD ln lt ti M v N th
M, N ln lt l trung im SC, SD. Suy ra MN
CD
2

a
2
. Mt khc, do AB mp(SKL) nn
HK AB, HK CD.
Vy: V
S.ABMN
1
3
.dt(ABMN).SH
1
6
.(AB+MN).HK.SH
1
6
.(a+
a
2
).
a
_
3
2
.
a
2

a
3
_
3
16
.
Kt lun: V
S.ABMN
a
3
_
3
16

Bi 7.24. thi th H QX 4
_
3a, BD 2a v
a
_
3
4
theo a.
Gii:
A
B
C
D
O
M
S
H
V mp(SAC) mp(SBC) SO v mp(SAC) mp(ABCD), mp(SBD) mp(ABCD) nn suy ra
SOmp(ABCD)
K OM AB ti M, k OH SM ti H. Khi AB mp(SOM) AB OH, do OH
mp(SAB).
Bi vy: OH d(O; mp(SAB))
a
_
3
4
.
Trong tam gic vung OAB, ta c:
1
OM
2

1
OA
2
+
1
OB
2

1
3a
2
+
1
a
2

4
3a
2
Trong tam gic vung SOM, ta c:
1
OH
2

1
OM
2
+
1
SO
2

1
SO
2

1
OH
2
+
1
OM
2

16
3a
2
4
3a
2

4
a
2
.
Hay: SO
a
2
.
Vy: V
S.ABCD
1
3
.dt(ABCD).SO
1
3
.
1
3
.AC.BD.SO
a
3
_
3
3
. Kt lun: V
S.ABCD
a
3
_
3
3

Bi 7.25. thi th H - C 2012 - THPT Chuyn Nguyn Hu
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh 2a. SA a, SB a
_
3,

BAD 60
0
v
mp(SAB) vung gc vi mt y. Gi M, N l trung im ca AB, BC. Tnh th tch t din
NSDC v tnh cosin ca gc gia hai ng thng SM v DN.
Gii:
A
B
C
D
S
M
K
N
L
I
H
T AB2a, SA a, SBa
_
3 ZSAB vung ti S.
K SH AB ti H, do mp(SAB) mp(ABCD) nn suy ra SHmp(ABCD) SH l ng cao
ca tam gic vung SAB. T :
SH
SA.SB
AB

a.a
_
3
2a

a
_
3
2
.
Mt khc: dt(ZCDN)
1
2
.CD.CN. sin
DCN
1
2
.2a.a. sin60
0
a
2
_
3
2
.
Do vy: V
NSDC
V
S.CDN
1
3
.dt(ZCDN).SH
1
3
.
a
2
_
3
2
.
a
_
3
2

a
3
4
.
Gi K l trung im AD, L l trung im AK, I l trung im ML. Do SA SMa v SH AB
nn suy ra H l trung im AM.
Ta c: BK
2
BA
2
+AK
2
2.BA.AK. cos
BAK 3a
2
BK a
_
3.
T : BK
2
+AK
2
3a
2
+a
2
4a
2
AB
2
ZABK vung ti K BK AD ML AD ML
HI
T ML HI v ML SH ML SI. Bi vy:
cos
SML
MI
SM

ML
2SM

BK
4SM

_
3
4
V ML BK DN nn

(SM; DN)

(SM; ML)
SML, vi cos
SML
_
3
4
.
Kt lun: V
NSDC
a
3
4
v

(SM; DN)
SML, vi cos
SML
_
3
4
.
Bi 7.26.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B, im M nm trn
cnh SC sao cho MC 2MS, ABa, BC 2AD 2a
_
3. Tnh th tch khi chp M.ABCD theo
a. Bit rng SA SBSC v gc to bi cnh bn SC v mt y l 60
0
.
Gii:
A
B C N
D
S
H
M
Gi N l trung im BC th DN BC v DN AB a, CN
BC
2
a
_
3. Bi vy: CD
2
DN
2
+CN
2
a
2
+(a
_
3)
2
4a
2
CD 2a BD 2a.
Gi H l trung im BD, do tam gic ABD vung ti A nn HA HB HD, kt hp vi gi
thit SA SBSD suy ra SHmp(ABCD). T :
(SC; mp(ABCD))

(SC; CH)
SCH60
0
.
Mt khc: CH
2
BC
2
+DC
2
2

BD
2
4
7a
2
CHa
_
7.
Do : SHCHtan
SCHa
_
7. tan60
0
a
_
21.
V MC 2MS nn:
d(M; mp(ABCD))
2
3
.d(S; mp(ABCD))
2
3
.SH
2a
_
21
3
.
Bi vy:
V
M.ABCD

1
3
.dt(ABCD).d(M; mp(ABCD))
1
3
.
(AD+BC).AD
2
.
2
3
.SH a
3
_
7 Kt lun:V
M.ABCD

a
3
_
7
Bi 7.27.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D. Bit AB 2a, AD
CD a, SA 3a(a >0) v SA vung gc vi mt phng y. Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCD v
tnh khong cch t im B n mt phng (SCD) theo a.
Gii:
D
A
B
C
S
Ta c: dt(ZBCD)
1
2
.CD.AD
a
2
2
.
Nn: V
S.BCD
1
3
.dt(ZBCD).SA
1
3
.
a
2
2
.3a
a
3
2
.
Do
_
_
_
CD SA
CD AD
nn CD SD.
Mt khc: SD
_
SA
2
+AD
2
a
_
10 dt(ZSCD)
1
2
.CD.SD
a
2
_
10
2
.
T : d(B; mp(SCD))
3V
S.BCD
dt(ZSCD)

3a
_
10
10
Kt lun:V
S.BCD
a
3
2
v d(B; mp(SCD))
3a
_
10
10

Bi 7.28.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB 2a, BC a. Cc cnh bn
ca hnh chp bng nhau v bng a
_
2.
1. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a.
2. Gi M, N, E, F ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CD, SC, SD. Chng minh
SN mp(MEF)
Gii:
A
B
C
D
S
F E
N
H
I
K
1. Gi I l tm hnh ch nht ABCD. V SA SB SC SD a
_
2 nn suy ra SI
mp(ABCD).
Ta c: AC BD
_
AB
2
+BC
2
_
(2a)
2
+a
2
a
_
5 I A
AC
2

a
_
5
2
.
Trong tam gic vung SI A, ta c: SI
_
SA
2
I A
2
a
_
3
2
Do vy:
V
S.ABCD
1
3
.dt(ABCD).SI
1
3
.AB.BC.SI
a
3
_
3
3
2. Gi K l giao im ca EF vi SN th K l trung im ca SN.
Ta c: SM
2
SA
2
AM
2
(a
_
2)
2
a
2
a
2
SM MN a tam gic MSN cn nh M.
Do vy: MK SN.
Mt khc, tam gic SCD cn nh S v N l trung im CD nn suy ra SN CD.
M EF CD SN EF.
T
_
_
_
SN MK
SN EF
SN mp(MEF)
Kt lun: V
S.ABCD
a
3
_
3
3

Bi 7.29.
Cho hnh chp t gic S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh, AD 4a, cc cnh bn ca
hnh chp bng nhau v bng a
_
6. Tm csin ca gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (SCD)
khi th tch S.ABCD ln nht.
Gii:
A
B
C D
S
O
Gi O l tmhnh bnh hnh ABCD. Do SA SBSC SD a
_
6 nn suy ra SOmp(ABCD).
T SA SBSC SD a
_
6 v SOmp(ABCD), suy ra OA OBOC OD ABCD l hnh
ch nht.
Gi s AB b, khi BD
_
16a
2
+b
2
OA
_
16a
2
+b
2
2
.
Do vy: SO
2
SA
2
OA
2
6a
2
16a
2
+b
2
4

8a
2
b
2
4
SI
_
8a
2
b
2
4
.
T : V
S.ABCD
1
3
.AB.AD.SO
2
3
.2a.b.
_
8a
2
b
2
2
3
.a.(b
2
+8a
2
b
2
)
16a
3
3
.
Du ng thc xy ra khi b 2a.
Vy th tch S.ABCD ln nht khi AB2a, khi SOa.
Chn h trc ta Oxyz sao cho: O(0; 0; 0); S(0; 0; a); B(2a; a; 0); C(2a; a; 0); D(2aa; 0).
Ta c:

SB(2a; a; a),

SC(2a; a; a),

SD(2a; a; a)
_
SB;
SC
_
(0; 4a
2
; 4a
2
),
_
SC;
SD
_
(2a
2
; 0; 4a
2
)
T ta tm c vect php tuyn ca mp(SBC) l

n(0; 1; 1), vect php tuyn ca mp(SCD)
l

n(1; 0; 2). Gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (SCD) l:
cos
[1.0+0.1+(2).1[
_
0+1+1.
_
1+0+(2)
2

2
_
10
Kt lun: cos
2
_
10

Bi 7.30.
Cho khi lng tr tam gic ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c y l tam gic u cnh bng a. im A
t
cch
u ba im A, B, C; cnh bn AA
t
to vi mt y mt gc 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi lng tr
v chng minh mt bn BCC
t
B
t
l hnh ch nht.
Gii:
A
B
C
A
t
B
t
C
t
M
H
M
t
Gi H l trng tm tam gic ABC, do tam gic ABC u v A
t
A A
t
B A
t
C
nn A
t
Hmp(ABC). Do :

(AA
t
; mp(ABC))
A
t
AH60
o
.
Nn: A
t
H AHtan
A
t
AH
2
3
.AM. tan60
o
a
T , ta c:V
ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t dt(ZABC).A
t
H
a
2
_
3
4
.a
a
3
_
3
4
. Vy V
ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
a
3
_
3
4
Gi M, M
t
ln lt l trung im BC, B
t
C
t
, khi MM
t
BB
t
AA
t
.
Tam gic ABC u nn AMBC. A
t
Hmp(ABC) A
t
HBC.
T
_
AMBC
A
t
HBC
BC AA
t
BC BB
t
. Nn BCC
t
B
t
l hnh ch nht.
Bi 7.31.
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
c cc cnh AB AD 2, AA
1
_
3 v gc

BAD 60
0
.
Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh A
1
D
1
v A
1
B
1
.
1. Chng minh rng AC
1
vung gc vi mt phng (BDMN).
2. Tnh th tch khi chp A.BDMN
Gii:
A
B
C
D
C
1
B
1
D
1
A
1
E
M
N
F
K
1. Do hnh bnh hnh ABCD c AB AD 2 v gc

BAD 60
0
nn ABCD l hnh thoi v
BD 2, BD AC.
T
_
BD AC
BD AA
1
suy ra BD AC
1
(1).
Ta c:
MD.
AC
1
MA
1
+
A
1
A+
AD
__
AB+
AD+
AA
1
_
1
2
AD.
AD+
1
2
AD
2
AA
1
2
1
2
.2.2. cos60
0
+
1
2
.2
2
__
3
_
2
0
Suy ra AC
1
MD (2).
T (1) v (2) suy ra AC
1
mp(BDMN).
2. Gi E l giao im ca AC v BD, F l giao im ca A
1
C
1
v MN.
Do BD mp(ACC
1
A
1
) nn BD EF, MN EF.
K A
1
K EI (K thuc AC) th K l trung im AE
Gi I l giao im ca A
1
K v AC
1
; H l giao im ca AC
1
v EF, th I l trung im ca
AH.
Trong tam gic A
1
AK vung ti K, ta c:
A
1
K
2
A
1
A
2
+AK
2
A
1
A
2
+
_
AE
2
_
2
__
3
_
2
+
_
2
_
3
4
_
2
15
4
Suy ra EF A
1
K
_
15
2
T dt(BDMN)
1
2
(BD+MN).EF
3
_
15
4
.
Mt khc AI
AA
1
.AK
A
1
K

3
_
15
Nn AH2AI
6
_
15
Vy V
A.BDMN
1
3
dt(BDMN).AH
3
2

Bi 7.32.
t
B
t
C
t
c y l tam gic u cnh a, hnh chiu vung gc ca A
t
ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi tm O ca tam gic ABC. Mt mt phng (P) cha BC v
vung gc vi AA
t
a
2
_
3
8
. Tnh th tch khi
lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
.
Gii:
A
B
C
A
t
B
t
C
t
M
O
H
Do tam gic ABC u v hnh chiu ca A
t
trng vi tm O ca tam gic ABC nn suy ra
A
t
A A
t
B A
t
C.
Gi M l trung im BC, H l hnh chiu ca M trn AA
t
, khi mp(BCH) AA
t
, suy ra
mp(P) chnh l mp(BCH).
V hnh chp A
t
.ABC l hnh chp u nn

A
t
AM nhn, suy ra H nm gia AA
t
. dt(ZBCH)
a
2
_
3
8

1
2
BC.HM HM
a
_
3
4
AH
_
AM
2
HM
2
3a
4
V tam gic ABC u cnh a nn OA
2
3
AM
a
_
3
3
Ta c ZMHA ZA
t
OA nn
HM
OA
t

AH
OA
OA
t
HM.OA
AH

a
3
Vy: V
ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t dt(ZABC).A
t
O
a
2
_
3
4
.
a
3

a
3
_
3
12

Bi 7.33.
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
c di cnh bng a. Trn cc cnh AB v CD ly
ln lt cc im M, N sao cho BM CN x. Xc nh v tr im M sao cho khong cch
gia hai ng thng A
1
C v MN bng
a
3
.
Gii:
Do MN BC nn MN mp(A
1
BC).
K MK A
1
B vi K nm trn A
1
B, MK mp(A
1
BC).
Bi vy:
d(A
1
C; MN) d(MN; mp(A
1
BC)) d(M; mp(A
1
BC)) MK
Gi I l giao im ca AB
1
vi A
1
B, th MK A
1
I v:
MK AI.
BM
AB
a
_
2.
x
a
x
_
2
V th d(A
1
C; MN)
a
3
x
_
2
a
3
x
a
_
2
6
Hay BM
a
_
2
6
A
B
C
D
C
1
B
1
D
1
A
1
I
M
N
K
Bi 7.34.
Cho lng tr ng ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c AB a, AC 2a, AA
1
2a
_
5 v

BAC 120
0
. Gi M l
trung im ca cnh CC
1
. Chng minh MB MA
1
v tnh khong cch d t im A ti
mp(A
1
BM).
Gii:
Ta c:

MB.
MA
1
(
MC+
AB
AC)(
MC
1
+
C
1
A
1
)
MC
2
AB.
AC+
AC
2
(a
_
5)
2
+a
2
+(2a)
2
0
MBMA
1
K CH AB ti H th CHmp(ABA
1
)
d(M; mp(ABA
1
)) CH AC. sin
HAC a
_
3
dt(ZABA
1
)
1
2
.AB.AA
1
1
2
.a.2a
_
5 a
2
_
5 Bi vy: V
ABA
1
M

1
3
dt(ZABA
1
).d(M; mp(ABA
1
))
a
3
_
15
3
Ta c: MB
_
MC
2
+BC
2
_
MC
2
+AB
2
+AC
2
2AB.ACcos
BAC a
_
12
MA
1
_
MC
2
1
+C
1
A
2
1
3a
dt(ZMA
1
B)
1
2
.MB.MA
1
3a
2
_
3
T :d(A; mp(A
1
BM))
3V
ABA
1
M
dt(ZMA
1
B)

a
_
5
3
A
B
C
C
1
A
1
B
1
H
M
Bi 7.35.
Cho khi lng tr tam gic ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c y l tam gic u cnh 2a, im A
1
cch u
ba im A, B, C. Cnh bn A
1
A to vi mt y gc . Hy tm , bit th tch khi lng tr
ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
bng 2
_
3a
3
.
Gii:
Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC. Do im A
1
cch u ba im A, B, C v ABC l tam gic
u nn suy ra A
1
G mp(ABC)
Bi vy:

(A
1
A; mp(ABC))

(A
1
A; AG)
A
1
AG
Ta c: dt(ZABC)
(2a)
2
_
3
4
a
2
_
3
A
1
G
V
ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
dt(ZABC)

2
_
3a
3
a
2
_
3
2a
AG
2
3
2a
_
3
2
2a
_
33
Trong tam gic vung A
1
GA, ta c: tan
A
1
AG
A
1
G
AG

_
3 tan
_
3 60
0
A
B
C
C
1
A
1
B
1
M
G
Bi 7.36.
Cho lng tr ng ABC.A
1
B
1
C
1
c cc cnh AA
1
3a, AB a
_
3, AC 2a v gc

BCA 60
0
.
Gi M l trung im cnh BB
1
, N l trung im cnh A
1
B
1
, G l trng tm tam gic BB
1
C
1
.
Hy tnh th tch khi t din AMNG.
Gii:
Ta c: AB
2
AC
2
+BC
2
2AC.BC. cos
BCA BC
2
2a.BC+a
2
0 BC a
Tam gic ABC c AC
2
AB
2
+BC
2
nn tam gic ABC vung ti B C
1
B
1
mp(ABB
1
A
1
)
K GHBB
1
(vi H nm trn cnh BB
1
), khi GH C
1
B
1
.
Bi vy: GHmp(ABB
1
A
1
) v GH
a
3
.
dt(ZAMN) dt(ABB
1
A
1
)dt(AA
1
N)dt(B
1
NM)dt(ABM) 3a.a
_
3
1
2
.3a.
a
_
3
2

1
2
.
3a
2
.
a
_
3
2

1
2
.a
_
3.
3a
2

9
_
3a
2
8
Vy: V
AMNG
1
3
dt(ZAMN).GH
1
3
.
9
_
3a
2
8
.
a
3

a
3
_
3
8
A
B
C
C
1
A
1
B
1
M
N
G
H
Bi 7.37.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti A, B. Hai mt phng (SAB), (SAD)
cng vung gc vi y. Bit AB 2a, SA BC a, CD 2a
_
5. Tnh th tch khi chp
S.ABCD. Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din SACD.
Gii:
2a
_
5
R
a
2a
4a
J
A
B
C
D
S
E
I
O
Qua C k ng thng song song vi AB ct AD ti E,
suy ra t gic ABCE l hnh ch nht nn AE a v ZCED vung ti E.
Theo nh l Pitago ta c:
DE
2
CD
2
CE
2
20a
2
4a
2
16a
2
DE 4a.
Vy AD l y ln ca hnh thang v AE a+4a 5a.
Din tch hnh thang ABCD l S
ABCD
(BC+AD)AB
2

(a+5a).2a
2
6a
2
(vdt).
Th tch khi chp S.ABCD l : V
1
3
SA.S
ABCD
2a
3
.
Tam gic ACD vung C, trong mp(SAD) gi O l giao ca ng thng vung gc vi SA ti
trung im I ca SA v ng thng vung gc vi AD ti trung im J ca AD suy ra O l
tm mt cu ngoi tip t din SACD (O l trung im ca SD),
suy ra: R OA
_
OI
2
+AI
2
a
_
26
2
.
Bi 7.38.
t
B
t
C
t
c y l tam gic u cnh a, nh A
t
cch u cc im
A, B, C. Mt phng (P) cha BC v vung gc vi AA
t
ct lng tr theo mt thit din c din
tch bng
a
2
_
3
8
. Tnh theo a th tch khi lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
.
Gii:
A
B
C
A
t
B
t
C
t
O
M
H
Do A
t
A A
t
B A
t
C nn hnh chiu vung gc ca A
t
ln (ABC) trng vi trng tm O ca tam
gic ABC. Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca B ln AA
t
, Khi (P) (BCH).
Gi M l trung im ca BC th MHAA
t
v

A
t
AM nhn H nm gia AA
t
. Thit din ca
lng tr khi ct bi (P) l tam gic BCH.
ZABC u cnh a nn AM
a
_
3
2
, AO
2
3
AM
a
_
3
3
; HB HC
_
a
2
+AH
2
HMBC
Theo bi ra: S
BCH
a
2
_
3
8

1
2
HM.BC
a
2
_
3
8
HM
a
_
3
4
.
AH
_
AM
2
HM
2
_
3a
2
4

3a
2
16

3a
4
Hai tam gic A
t
AO v MAH ng dng
A
t
O
AO

HM
AH
Suy ra A
t
O
AO.HM
AH

a
_
3
3
a
_
3
4
4
3a

a
3
.
Th tch khi lng tr : V A
t
O.S
ABC
1
2
A
t
O.AM.BC
1
2
a
3
a
_
3
2
a
a
3
_
3
12
(vtt)
Bi 7.39.
Cho hnh chp OABC c 3 cnh OA, OB, OC vung gc vi nhau i mt ti O,
OBa, OC OA a
_
3. Gi M l trung im ca cnh BC.
a. Tnh khong cch t im O n mt phng (ABC).
b. Tnh khong cch gia 2 ng thng AB v OM.
Gii:
z
x
y
a
_
3
a
_
3
a
O
A
B
C
M
N
Trong tam gic OBC, v ng cao OK. Trong tam gic OAK, v ng cao OH. Chng minh
OH vung gc mp (ABC).
1
OH
2

1
OA
2
+
1
OK
2

1
OA
2
+
1
OB
2
+
1
OC
2

5
a
2
.
Suy ra d(O, (ABC)) OH
a
_
5
5
.
Chn h trc ta nh hnh v. Khi O(0; 0; 0), A(0; 0; a
_
3); B(a; 0; 0), C(0; a
_
3; 0),
M
_
a
2
;
a
_
3
2
; 0
_
, N
_
0;
a
_
3
2
;
a
_
3
2
_
,

OM
_
a
2
;
a
_
3
2
; 0
_
,

ON
_
0;
a
_
3
2
;
a
_
3
2
_
_
OM;

ON
_

_
3a
2
4
;
a
2
_
3
4
;
a
2
_
3
4
_

n (
_
3; 1; 1) l VTPT ca mp(OMN)
Phng trnh mt phng (OMN) qua O vi vect php tuyn

n :
_
3x+ y+z 0
Ta c: d(B; (OMN))
_
3.a+0+0
_
3+1+1

a
_
3
_
5

a
_
15
5
. Vy: d(B; (NOM))
a
_
15
5
.
MN l ng trung bnh ca tam gic ABC AB|MN AB|(OMN)
d(AB; OM) d(AB; (OMN)) d(B; (NOM))
a
_
15
5
.
Bi 7.40.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A, B vi ABBC a; AD 2a.
Cc mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng y (ABCD). Bit gc gia
hai mt phng (SAB) v (ABCD) bng 60
o
. Tnh th tch khi chp v khong cch gia hai
ng thng CD v SB.
Gii:
Gi H ACBD SH(ABCD)&BH
1
3
BD
K HEABAB(SHE) g((SAB); (ABCD))
SEH60
o
.
M HE
1
3
AD
2a
3
SH
2a
_
3
3
V
SABCD
1
3
.SH.S
ABCD
a
3
_
3
3
Gi O l trung im AD ABCO l hv cnh a ZACD c trung tuyn CO
1
2
AD
CDAC CD(SAC) v BO|CD hay CD|(SBO)&BO(SAC).
d(CD; SB) d(CD; (SBO)) d(C; (SBO)).
Tnh cht trng tm tam gic BCOIH
1
3
IC
a
_
2
6
IS
_
IH
2
+HS
2
5a
_
2
6
k CKSI m CKBOCK(SBO) d(C; (SBO)) CK
Trong tam gic SIC c : S
SIC
1
2
SH.IC
1
2
SI.CK CK
SH.IC
SI

2a
_
3
5
Vy d(CD; SB)
2a
_
3
5

Bi 7.41.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh thang y ln AB2, tam gic ACB vung ti C,
cc tam gic SAC v SBD l cc tam gic u cnh bng
_
3 . Tnh th tch ca hnh chp
S.ABCD.
Gii:
V tam gic SAC v SBD u cnh
_
3 nn AC BD hay t gic ABCD l hnh thang cn.
Li c gc ACB vung nn hnh thang ABCD ni tip ng trn ng knh AB.
Gi H l trung im AB khi SH vung gc (ABCD) hay SH l ng cao ca hnh chp.
Ta c BC
_
43 1 nn SH
_
SB
2
HB
2
_
2.
Li c S
ABCD
3
_
3
4
(Do ABCD l na lc gic u)
Vy V
S.ABCD
1
3
.
3
_
3
4
.
_
2
_
6
4
(vtt).
Bi 7.42.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht, AD a
_
2, CD 2a, SA(ABCD). Mt phng
(SBC) to vi y mt gc 60
o
. Gi M l trung im ca CD, N l giao im ca BM v AC.
Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABM. Chng minh cc im S, A, D, M, N thuc mt mt cu.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 7.43.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A, B, AB BC a; AD 2a.
Cnh bn SA vung gc vi y (ABCD) v SA a. Gi E l trung im ca AD. Tnh th
tch khi chp S.CDE v tm tm, bn knh mt cu ngoi tip khi chp S.CDE.
Gii:
D dng tnh c V
a
3
6
. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SE v SC
ta c mt phng (ABNM) l mt phng trung trc ca SE.
Vy tm O ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp SCDE l giao im ca mt phng (ABMN) v
trc ng trn ngoi tip y CDE.
Gi l ng thng qua I l trung im ca CD v song song vi SA. Gi K l trung im
ca AB th KN|AM. KN v ng phng suy ra KNO l im cn tm.
Tam gic OIK vung cn nn OI IK
BC+AD
2

3a
2
; CD a
_
2; IC
CD
2

a
_
2
2
.
Ta c OC
2
OI
2
+IC
2
9a
2
4
+
2a
2
4

11a
2
4
R OC
a
_
11
2
.
Bi 7.44.
Cho hnh hp ng ABCDA
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
c AB AD a; AA
1
a
_
3
2
(a > 0);
BAD 60
o
. M, N ln
lt l trung im ca A
1
D
1
v A
1
B
1
.
a. Chng minh: AC
1
(BDMN)
b. Tnh th tch khi chp A.BDMN.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 7.45.
Cho hnh lng tr ng ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh c gc BAD bng
45
o
. Cc ng cho AC
t
v DB
t
ln lt to vi mt phng cha y cc gc 45
o
v 60
o
. Bit
AA
t
2a. Tnh theo a th tch khi lng tr cho.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 7.46.
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti A, BC 2a. Hnh chiu vung
gc ca im S ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi trung im BC, mt phng (SAC) to vi y
(ABC) mt gc 60
o
. Tnh th tch hnh chp v khong cch t im I n mt phng (SAC)
theo a, vi I l trung im SB.
Gii:
Gi H, J ln lt l trung im ca BC, AC, Ta c
SH(ABC)
HJAC
_
ACSJ,
nn

SJH60
o
. AB
BC
_
2

_
2a, HJ
AB
2

_
2a
2
, SH HJ. tan60
o
_
6
2
a
V
S.ABC
1
3
SH.
AB.AC
2

1
6
.
_
6
2
.
__
2
_
2
.a
3
_
6a
3
6
.
Gi E l hnh chiu ca H ln SJ, khi ta c
HESJ
HEAC
_
HE(SAC).
Mt khc, do IH|SC IH|(SAC),
nn d(I, (SAC)) d(H, (SAC)) HE HJ. sin60
o
_
6
4
a.
Bi 7.47.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi, hai ng cho AC 2
_
3a, BD 2a v
a
_
3
4
theo a.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Bi 7.48.
t
B
t
C
t
c AC a, BC 2a,
ACB 120
o
v ng thng A
t
C to
vi mt phng
_
ABB
t
A
t
_
gc 30
o
. Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v khong cch gia hai
ng thng A
t
B, CC
t
theo a.
Gii:
Trong (ABC), k CHAB(H AB), suy ra CH
_
ABB
t
A
t
_
nn A
t
H l hnh chiu vung gc ca
A
t
C ln (ABB
t
A
t
).
Do :

[A
t
C, (ABB
t
A
t
)]

(A
t
C, A
t
H)
CA
t
H30
0
. S
ABC
1
2
AC.BC. sin120
0
a
2
_
3
2
,
AB
2
AC
2
+BC
2
2AC.BC. cos120
0
7a
2
ABa
_
7,CH
2.S
ABC
AB

a
_
21
7
.
Suy ra: A
t
C
CH
sin30
o

2a
_
21
7
. Xt tam gic vung AA
t
C ta c: AA
t
_
A
t
C
2
AC
2
a
_
35
7
.
Suy ra: V S
ABC
.AA
t
a
3
_
105
14
. Do CC
t
//AA
t
CC
t
//
_
ABB
t
A
t
_
.
Suy ra: d
_
A
t
B, CC
t
_
d
_
CC
t
,
_
ABB
t
A
t
__
d
_
C,
_
ABB
t
A
t
__
CH
a
_
21
7
.
Bi 7.49.
t
B
t
C
t
c y l tam gic u cnh a, hnh chiu vung gc ca A
t
ln mt phng trng vi tm O ca tam gic ABC. Mt mt phng (P) cha BC v vung gc
vi AA
t
a
2
_
3
8
. Tnh th tch khi lng tr
ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
.
Gii:
Gi M l trung im ca BC, do A
t
O(ABC) nn BC(A
t
AM). Gi K l im thuc AA
t
sao
cho KBAA
t
, ni KC th AA
t
(KBC) AA
t
KMAO
2
3
.
a
_
3
2

a
_
3
3
;
KBC c din tch
a
2
_
3
8
nn
KM.BC
2

a
2
_
3
8
KM
a
_
3
4
Xt A
t
AM c 2 ng cao A
t
M v MK nn A
t
O.AMKM.AA
t
() :
t A
t
O x >0 khi t () ta c: x.AM AA
t
.KMx.
a
_
3
2

_
x
2
+
a
2
3
.
a
_
3
4
( Do A
t
AO vung
ti O v AO
a
_
3
3
) hay 2x
_
x
2
+
a
2
3
4x
2
x
2
+
a
2
3
3x
2
a
2
3
x
a
3
.
Ta c din tch y ABC bng
1
2
.a.
a
_
3
2

a
2
_
3
4
( Din tch tam gic u cnh a).
Vy V
ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t A
t
O.S
ABC
a
3
.
a
2
_
3
4

a
3
_
3
12
.
Bi 7.50.
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
, cnh AB AD 2, AA
t
_
3, gc

BAD 60
o
. Gi M, N
ln lt l trung imcc cnh AD, AB. Chng minh A
t
C vung gc vi mt phng (B
t
D
t
MN).
Tnh th tch khi chp A
t
B
t
D
t
MN.
Gii:
Gi s A
t
C ct O
t
J ti H ( hnh v )H l giao im ca A
t
C vi mp(B
t
D
t
MN)
Xt hnh ch nht ACC
t
A
t
c A
t
C
t
2AA
t
A
t
O
t
OA l hnh vung.
T chng minh c A
t
IO
t
J hay A
t
CO
t
J ( 4). T (3) v (4): A
t
Cmp(B
t
D
t
MN) pcm
T gic B
t
D
t
MN l hnh thang cn c ng cao l O
t
J. Ta c: B
t
N
_
B
t
B
2
+BN
2
2
Tnh c O
t
J
_
15
2
S
B
t
D
t
MN
1
2
(B
t
D
t
+MN).O
t
J
3
_
15
4
(5)
ZA
t
O
t
I vung ti O
t
c A
t
O
t
_
3, O
t
I
_
3
2
.
T tnh c : O
t
H
2
3
5
A
t
H
2
A
t
O
t
2
O
t
H
2
3
3
5

12
5
A
t
H
2
_
3
_
5
T : V
A
t
B
t
D
t
MN
1
3
A
t
H.S
B
t
D
t
MN
3
2
.
Bi 7.51.
Cho khi chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang cn, y ln AB bng bn ln y nh CD,
chiu cao ca y bng a. Bn ng cao ca bn mt bn ng vi nh S c di bng
nhau v bng b. Tnh th tch ca khi chp theo a, b.
Gii:
Gi H l chn ng cao ca chp th H phi cch u cc cnh ca y v trong trng hp
ny ta chng minh c H nm trong y.
Suy ra hnh thang cn ABCD c ng trn ni tip tm H l trung im on MN vi M, N
ln lt l trung im cc cnh AB, CD v MN a
ng trn tip xc vi BC ti E th HM HN HE
a
2
l bn knh ng trn
v SE SMSN b
_
b >
a
2
_
SH
1
2
_
4b
2
a
2
t CN x th BM4x, CE x, BE 4x. Tam gic HBC vung H
nn HE
2
EB.EC
a
2
4
4x
2
x
a
4
CD
a
2
, AB2a,suy ra S
ABCD
5a
2
4
.
Vy V
S.ABCD
1
3
.
5a
2
4
.
1
2
_
4b
2
a
2
5a
2
24
_
4b
2
a
2
(vtt)
Bi 7.52.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B; AB BC 2a, AD 4a.
Cnh SA 4a vung gc vi y. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SAv aSD. Tnh th tch
khi chp S.BCNM.
Gii:
K SHBM. V MN|AD; AD(SAB) nn MN(SAB) MNSH.
T SH(BCNM). Vy SH l ng cao hnh chp S.BCNM.
K AKBM, suy ra AK SH. Tam gic ABM vung cn ti A
suy ra AB AM2a AK SHa
_
2 .
BCNM l hnh ch nht vi din tch: S
BCNM
BC.BM2a.2a
_
2 4a
2
_
2 .
Vy : V
SBCNM
1
3
S
BCNM
.SH4a
2
_
2.a
_
2 8a
3
.
Bi 7.53. Hunh Bo Ton
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A v
ABC 60
o
. Mt bn SBC l tam
gic cn ti C, cnh bn SA vung gc vi y v SA a. Gi M l im nm trn cnh BC
sao cho BM2MC. Mt phng () qua SM v song song vi AB ct SC ti N. Tnh khong
cch t C ti mt phng () v th tch khi chp S.BMN.
Gii:
Chn h trc ta Axyz c cc im B, C, S ln lt nm trn cc tia Ax, Ay, Az nh hnh v.
Trong h trc ny, ta c A(0; 0; 0), S(0; 0; a) v t B(t; 0; 0), vi t >0.
Khi , AC ABtan60
o
t
_
3 C
_
0; t
_
3; 0
_
,
CB
_
t; t
_
3; 0
_
.
Do

AM
AC+
CM
AC+
1
3
CB nn M
_
t
3
;
2
_
3
3
t; 0
_
.
ZSBC cn ti C nn CBCS
_
t
2
+
__
3t
_
2
_
__
3t
_
2
+a
2
t a.
Mt phng () qua SM v song song vi AB ct SC ti N nn MN song song vi AB v
AN
2
3
AC,
suy ra N
_
0;
2
_
3
3
a; 0
_
. Ta c

SM
_
a
3
;
2
_
3
3
a; a
_
,

SN
_
0;
2
_
3
3
a; a
_
,
_
SM;
SN
_
_
0;
1
3
a
2
;
2
_
3
9
a
2
_
,

SB(a; 0; a).
Phng trnh (SMN) l 3y+2
_
3z 2
_
3a 0.
Khong cch t C ti (SMN) l d(C, (SMN))
3
_
3a2
_
3a
_
3
2
+
_
2
_
3
_
2

a
_
7
7
.
Th tch khi chp S.BMN l V
S.BMN
1
6
SB.
_
SM;
SN
_

a
_
3
27
(vtt).
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y l tam gic vung ti A, ABa. Cnh bn SA vung gc vi y
v SA a
_
3. Trn cc cnh SB, BC v CS ln lt ly cc im M, N v P sao cho SM
2
3
SB,
BN
2
3
BC v CP
1
3
CS. Bit hnh chp A.MNP c th tch bng
a
3
_
6
27
. Hy tnh th tch ca
hnh chp cho v khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v NP.
Gii:
t AC t >0 v chn h trc ta Axyz nh hnh v.
Trong h trc ny, A(0; 0; 0), B(a; 0; 0), C(0; t; 0), S(0; 0; a
_
3).
Ngoi ra,

AM
AB+
BM
AB+
1
3
BS
_
2a
3
; 0;
a
_
3
3
_
nn M
_
2a
3
; 0;
a
_
3
3
_
,

AN
AB+
BN
AB+
2
3
BC
_
a
3
;
2t
3
; 0
_
nn N
_
a
3
;
2t
3
; 0
_
,

AP
AC+
CP
AC+
1
3
CS
_
0;
2t
3
;
a
_
3
3
_
nn P
_
0;
2t
3
;
a
_
3
3
_
.
_
AM,
AN
_
2a
2
_
3
9
;
a
2
_
3
9
;
4at
9
_
v
_
AM,
AN
_
.
AP
2a
2
t
_
3
9
.
Th tch khi chp A.MNP l V
A.MNP

1
6
AM,
AN
_
.
AP

a
2
t
_
3
27

a
3
_
6
27
t a
_
2.
Ta d dng tnh c th tch khi chp S.ABC l V
S.ABC
a
3
_
6
6
(vtt).
By gi, ta s tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v NP.
Ta c

NP
_
a
3
; 0;
a
_
3
3
_
,
_
AS,
NP
_
_
0;
a
2
_
3
3
; 0
_
,
_
AS,
NP
_
.
AN
2a
3
_
6
9
.
Khong cch cn tnh d(SA, NP)
AS,
NP
_
.
AN
AS,
NP
_
2a
_
2
3
.
Cho khi chp tam gic u S.ABC c cnh bn to vi y mt gc 60
o
v khong cch t
im A ti mt phng (SBC) bng
6a
_
13
13
. Tnh th tch khi chp cho v cosin ca gc
to bi hai mt bn.
Gii:
Gi O l tm ca tam gic u ABC, M l trung im ca BC.
Chn h trc ta vung gc Mxyz nh hnh v. Gi t (t >0) l di ca cnh AB.
Ta c M(0; 0; 0), A
_
0;
t
_
3
2
; 0
_
, B
_
t
2
; 0; 0
_
, C
_
t
2
; 0; 0
_
v O
_
0;
t
_
3
6
; 0
_
.
V SO(ABC) nn gc gia SA v mt phng (ABC) bng gc
SAO.
Do SO AO. tan60
o
t nn

OS (0; 0; t) v

MS
MO+
OS
_
0;
t
_
3
6
; t
_
hay S
_
0;
t
_
3
6
; t
_
. Khi
_
MB,
MS
_
_
0;
t
2
2
;
t
2
_
3
12
_
nn phng trnh mt phng (SBC) l 6y+
_
3z 0.
Vy nn d(A, (SBC))
3t
_
3
_
39

6a
_
13
13
t 2a.
Lc ny

SA
_
0;
2a
_
3
3
; 2a
_
,

SB
_
a;
a
_
3
3
; 2a
_
,

SC
_
a;
a
_
3
3
; 2a
_
,
_
SA,
SB
_
_
2
_
3a
2
; 2a
2
;
2a
2
_
3
3
_
,
_
SA,
SC
_
_
2
_
3a
2
; 2a
2
;
2a
2
_
3
3
_
.
Th tch khi chp S.ABC l V
S.ABC
1
6
.
SB.
_
SA,
SC
_

2
_
3
3
a
3
(vtt).
Gi l gc gia (SAB) va (SAC) th cos
SA,
SB
_
.
_
SA,
SC
_
SA,
SB
_
SA,
SC
_
5
13
.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn SA vung gc vi y. Bit
khong cch gia AC v SD bng
a
_
3
3
. Hy tnh th tch ca hnh chp cho v gc gia
hai ng thng AC v SD.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, ABa, SA vung gc vi mt phng
(ABCD). Cnh bn SC to vi y mt gc 45
o
. Bit rng khong cch t im A ti mt
phng (SCD) bng
2a
_
21
7
. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB v SD. Tnh th tch khi
chp S.ABCD v cosin ca gc gia hai ng thng MN v AC.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Cho hnh chp u S.ABCD c din tch mt bn bng a
2
_
3, cnh bn hp vi y mt gc
45
o
. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB v BC. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.MND, t
suy ra khong cch t im D ti mt phng(SMN).
Gii:
Kt lun:
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A v AB a. Hnh chiu
ca A
t
trn mt phng (ABC) trng vi trung im ca cnh BC, cnh bn AA
t
to vi y
mt gc 60
0
v A
t
C 2a.
a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho.
b. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng AB v A
t
C.
Gii:
Kt lun:
Cho lng tr ng ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c tt c cc cnh u bng a. Gi M l trung im ca cnh
AB v N l im thuc cnh AC sao cho AN 2CN, E l giao ca BN v CM. ng thng
i qua E, song song vi BC ct cc cnh AB v AC ln lt ti P v Q. Tnh th tch khi
chp A
t
.B
t
PQ, v tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng A
t
P v C
t
Q.
Gii:
Kt lun:
8 - Mt s bi tp tng hp
Bi 8.1. Din n onluyentoan.vn
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. H l trung im AB. Hai mt
phng (SHD), (SHC) cng vung gc vi y. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD, bit khi chp
c ba mt bn l ba tam gic vung.
S: V
a
3
6
vtt
Bi 8.2. Din n boxmath.vn
Cho hnh hp ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
. Gi G l giao im ca AC
t
vi mp(A
t
BD).
Tnh t s k
V
G.CB
t
D
t
V
ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
.
S: k
1
6
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB a, AD a
_
2, SA a v SA
vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AD v SC; I l giao
im ca BM v AC. Chng minh rng mt phng (SAC) vung gc vi mt phng (SMB).
Tnh th tch ca khi t din ANIB.
S: V
a
3
_
2
36
Cho hnh tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O
t
, bn knh y bng chiu cao v bng
a. Trn ng trn y tm O ly im A, trn ng trn y tm O
t
ly im B sao cho
AB2a. Tnh th tch ca khi t din OO
t
AB.
S: V
a
3
_
3
12
Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, SA 2a v SA vung
gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gi M v N ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn cc ng
thng SB v SC. Tnh th tch ca khi chp A.BCNM.
S: V
3a
3
_
3
50
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAD l tam gic u v
nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh
SB, BC, CD. Chng minh AM vung gc vi BP v tnh th tch ca khi t din CMNP.
S: V
a
3
_
3
96
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a. Gi E l im i xng ca
D qua trung im ca SA, M l trung im ca AE, N l trung im ca BC. Chng minh
MN vung gc vi BD v tnh (theo a) khong cch gia hai ng thng MN v AC.
S:
HQ
2
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang, gc

ABC
BAD 90
o
, BA BC a, AD 2a.
Cnh bn SA vung gc vi y v SA a
_
2. Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB.
Chng minh tam gic SCD vung v tnh (theo a) khong cch t H n mt phng (SCD).
S: d(H; (SCD))
a
3
Cho lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c di cnh bn bng 2a, y ABC l tam gic vung ti A,
AB a, AC a
_
3 v hnh chiu vung gc ca nh A
t
trn mt phng (ABC) l trung im
ca cnh BC. Tnh theo a th tch khi chp A
t
.ABC v tnh cosin ca gc gia hai ng
thng AA
t
, B
t
C
t
.
S:

B
t
BH, cos
1
4
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA a, SBa
_
3 v mt phng
(SAB) vung gc vi mt phng y. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, BC.
Tnh theo a th tch ca khi chp S.BMDN v tnh cosin ca gc gia hai ng thng
SM, DN.
S:
SME, cos
1
_
5
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh bn di bng a
_
5, cc mt bn cng to vi
mt y mt gc 60
o
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v bn knh mt cu tip xc vi tt
c cc mt ca hnh chp S.ABCD theo a.
S: R
a
_
3
3
Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
. Bit ZABC vung ti B. AB a; BC b; AA
t

c(a
2
+b
2
< c
2
) . Gi (P) l phng i qua A v vung gc vi A
t
C. Xc nh thit din ca lng
tr khi b ct bi phng (P). Tnh din tch thit din theo a, b, c.
S: S
ab
_
a
2
+b
2
+c
2
2c
Cho lng tr ng tam gic u ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c cnh y bng 2a v chiu cao l a. Dng
thit din ca lng tr to bi mt phng i qua B
t
v vung gc vi cnh A
t
C. Tnh din tch
ca thit din.
S: S
3
_
15
8
a
2
Cho lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, hnh chiu vung gc ca A
t
ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi tm O ca tam gic ABC. Mt mt phng (P) cha BC v
vung gc vi AA
t
ct lng tr theo 1 thit din c din tch
a
2
_
3
8
Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
S: V
a
3
_
3
36
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c y l hnh vung ABCD tm O cnh 2a, cnh
bn AA
t
3a, Q, I ln lt l trung im cc ng thng DD
t
, OB. mt phng qua IQ song
song vi AC chia hnh hp ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
thnh 2 phn. Tnh t s th tch 2 phn .
S:
V
1
V
2
25
119
Cho lng tr ng ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic vung vi AB BC a, cnh bn
AA
t

3a
_
2
. M l im trn cnh AA
t
sao cho AA
t
3AM. Tnh th tch ca khi t din
MB
t
BC
t
. Tnh khong cch t B
t
n mt phng (C
t
BM).
S: d(B
t
, (BC
t
M))
a
_
3
2
Cho lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c A
t
A A
t
B, y ABC l mt tam gic vung ti B, BC a, AB
a
_
3. Mt bn (ACC
t
A
t
) vung gc vi y, gc to bi mt phng (A
t
BC) v (ACC
t
A
t
) l sao
cho tan2. Tnh th tch ca khi chp A
t
.BCC
t
B
t
v khong cch gia A
t
B v B
t
C theo a.
S: d(A
t
B; B
t
C)
a
_
3
2
Cho lng tr tam gic ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c y l tam gic vung ti B,
BAC 30
o
, cnh AC bng
2a. Cnh bn AA
t
to vi y mt gc 60
o
v chn ng vung gc h t A
t
xung mt phng
(ABC) trng vi tm ng trn ngoi tip y. Tnh theo a th tch khi lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
v khong cch gia hai ng thng B
t
C
t
v AA
t
S: a
_
3
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B v BA BC a. Gc
gia ng thng A
t
B vi mt phng (ABC) bng 60
o
. Tnh th tch khi lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
theo a.
S:
a
3
_
3
2
Cho hnh nn nh S ni tip trong mt cu tm O bn knh R v y l ng trn giao
tuyn ca mt cu vi mt mt phng vung gc vi ng thng OS ti H sao cho
SH x(0 < x < 2R). Tnh theo R v x th tch V v din tch xung quanh S ca hnh nn ;
t tm mt h thc lin h gia ba i lng V, S v R.
S:
S
2
V
6R
Cho lng tr t gic ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c y ABCD l hnh thang cn c y ln AD a
_
2.
Bit gc hp bi BC
t
v (ABCD) bng 60
o
, gc hp bi A
t
D vi (ABCD) l sao cho tan
_
3
2
,
CD(ABB
t
A
t
), A
t
B
t
(CDD
t
C
t
). Tnh th tch ca khi lng tr ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
v khong
cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau AB
t
v CD
t
.
S: V
3
_
6a
3
16
. d((AB
t
), (CD
t
))
3
_
78a
26
Bi 8.22. Ton hc tui tr s 400
Cho t din ABCD c ABC l tam gic vung ti A, AB a, AC a
_
3, DA DB DC. Bit
rng DBC l tam gic vung. Tnh th tch t din ABCD.
S: V
_
3
6
a
3
Tnh th tch khi chp tam gic u S.ABC c y bng a v khong cch gia cnh bn v
cnh i din bng m.
S: V
a
3
m
6
_
3a
2
4m
2
_
K m<
a
_
3
2
_
Trong mt phng (P) cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh bng a. S l im bt k nm trn
ng thng At vung gc vi mt phng (P) ti A. Tnh th tch mt cu ngoi tip hnh
chp S.ABCD khi SA 2a.
S: V a
3
_
6
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y ABCD l hnh vung, ng cao SA. Gi M l trung im
SC; N, P ln lt nm trn SB v SD sao cho
SN
SB

SP
SD

2
3
. Mt phng (MNP) chia hnh
chp thnh hai phn. Tnh t s th tch hai phn .
S:
1
2
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c AB BC a;
ABC 90
o
; SA(ABC); s o gc nh din cnh SC l
60
o
. K AMSB, ANSC. Tnh th tch ca hnh chp S.AMN
S: V
a
3
36
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A, cnh BC a
ABC 30
o
. Hai mt
phng (SAB) v (SAC) cng to vi y mt gc 60
o
. Bit rng hnh chiu ca nh S trn
mt y thuc cnh BC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC theo a.
S: V
(3
_
3)a
3
32
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B. Hai mt phng (SAB)
v (SAD) cng vung gc vi mt phng y . Bit AB 2a, SA BC a, CD 2a
_
5. Tnh
th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD. Xc nh tm v tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din
SACD.
S: V 2a
3
, R
a
_
26
2
Cho hnh chp tam gic u c gc gia cnh bn v mt phng y bng 60
o
. Khong cch
gia mt bn v nh i din bng 6. Hy tnh th tch hnh chp.
S: V
26
_
39
3
Cho hnh chp t gic S.ABCD, c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh, AD 4a, cc cnh bn ca
hnh chp bng nhau v bng a
_
6. Tm cosin ca gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (SCD)
khi th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD ln nht.
S: cos
2
_
10
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c SA 3a (vi a > 0); SA to vi y (ABC) mt gc 60
o
. Tam gic
ABC vung ti B,

ACB 30
o
. G l trong tm ca tam gic ABC. Hai mt phng (SGB) v
(SGC) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ABC theo a.
S: V
243
112
a
3
Cho hnh tr vi y l hai ng trn (O; R); (O
t
; R
t
); c chiu cao OO
t
2R
3
v ng sinh
AB. Tnh th tch t din u ABCD bit rng C, D nm trn mt tr.
S: V
2R
3
81
(3+2
_
2)
Cho hnh hp ABCD.A
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
. M v N l hai im ln lt thuc cnh AB v AD sao cho
AM
2
3
AB; AN
3
4
AD. E v F l hai im ln lt thuc cnh B
t
N v A
t
M sao cho EF|AC.
Hy xc nh t s
EB
t
NB
t
.
S:
EB
t
NB
t

12
29
.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a,

ABC 120
o
. Cnh SA vung
gc vi mt phng (ABCD) v SA a. Gi C
t
l trung im ca cnh SC. Mt phng () i
qua AC
t
v song song vi BD ct cc cnh SB, SD ln lt B
t
, D
t
. Tnh th tch khi chp
S.AB
t
C
t
D
t
.
S: V
a
3
_
3
18
Cho hnh cu ngoi tip t din ABCD c cnh AB
a
_
3
2
v cc cnh cn li u bng a.
Tnh th tch hnh cu .
S: V
13
_
13
162
a
3
Cho hnh chp t gic S.ABCD, y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn (SAB) l tam gic
u v vung gc vi mt phng y (ABCD). Tnh th tch khi nn c ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic ABC v nh ca khi nn nm trn mt phng (SDC).
S: V
2a
3
27
1
B
1
C
1
, y ABC l tam gic vung c CA CB a, gc gia
ng thng BA
1
v mt phng (ACC
1
A
1
) bng 30
o
. Gi M l trung im cnh A
1
B
1
. Tnh
khong cch t im M n mt phng (A
1
BC).
S:
a
_
6
6
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A, ABa, AC 2a. Mt bn (SBC) l
tam gic cn ti S v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y . Bit gc gia hai mt phng
(SAB) v (ABC) bng 30
o
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch gia hai ng
thng SC v AB theo a.
S: V
a
3
_
3
9
, d((SC), (AB)) a
Bi 8.39. d b I khi A-2006
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c cnh AB AD a, AA
t
a
_
3
2
v gc (BAD) 60
o
. Gi
M v N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh A
t
D
t
v A
t
B
t
. Chng minh AC
t
vung gc vi
mt phng (BDMN). Tnh th tch khi chp A.BDMN.
S: V
3a
3
16
Bi 8.40. d b II khi B-2006
t
B
t
C
t
c A
t
.ABC l hnh chp tam gic u, cnh y ABa, cnh
bn AA
t
b. Gi l gc gia hai mt phng (ABC) v (A
t
BC). Tnh tan v th tch khi
chp A
t
BB
t
CC
t
.
S: tan
2
_
3b
2
a
2
a
; V
a
2
_
3b
2
a
2
6
Bi 8.41. D b 2 khi A-2006
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB a, AD 2a, cnh SA vung
gc vi y, cnh SB to vi y mt gc 60
o
. Trn SA ly im M sao cho AM
a
_
3
3
. Mt
phng mt BCM ct SD ti N. Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCNM.
S: V
10
_
3a
3
27
Bi 8.42. d b 2 khi A-2007
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c gc (

SBC, ABC) 60
o
, ABC l SBC l cc tam gic u cnh a. Tnh
khong cch t nh B n mt phng (SAC).
S:
3a
_
13
Bi 8.43. thi hsg tnh Bnh Phc -2012
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
cnh a. Gi E v F ln lt l trung im ca BC v
CD.
a. Dng thit din to bi mt phng (A
1
EF) v hnh lp phng.
b. Tnh th tch hai phn ca hnh lp phng do mt phng (A
1
EF) ct ra v tnh t s th
tch hai phn .
S: V
47a
3
72
& V
25a
3
72
Bi 8.44. thi hsg vng tnh Bnh Phc-2011
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c cnh bng a. Trn cnh AB ly im M, trn OC
ly im N, trn A
t
D
t
ly im P sao cho AMCN D
t
P x (0 x a).
a. Chng minh rng tam gic MNP u. Tnh din tch tam gic MNP theo a v x. Tm x
din tch y nh nht.
b. Cho x
a
2
, tnh th tch khi t din BMNP v tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din
ny.
S: a. V
3a
2
_
3
8
khi x
a
2
. b. V
3a
3
16
, R
5a
_
3
12
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh bnh hnh. Gi K l trung im SC. Mt phng AK
ct SB, SD ti M, N. t V
t
V
SAMNK
v V V
SABCD
. Chng minh:
1
3

V
t
V

3
8
HD: Dng o hm v bng bin thin chng minh
Bi 8.46. thi th THPT Phan Bi Chu Ph Yn
_
3a; BD 2a ct
nhau ti O; hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) . Bit
a
_
3
4
. Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ABCD
theo a.
S: V
a
3
_
3
3
Bi 8.47. thi th THPT L Li-Thanh Ha
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht , vi AB3a, AD 2a. Cnh bn SA
vung gc vi y. Gc gia mt phng (SBC) v y bng 60
o
. Gi M l trung im ca CD.
Tnh th tch khi chp SABM v khong cch gia 2 ng thng SB v AM.
S: V
3
_
3a
3
8
Bi 8.48. thi th THPT Hng Quang-Hi Dng
Cho lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
, bit A
t
.ABC l hnh chp u c cnh y bng a. Gc gia hai
mt phng (A
t
BC) v (BCC
t
B
t
) bng 90
o
.Tnh th tch khi lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
v khong
cch gia hai ng thng AA
t
v B
t
C theo a.
S: V
a
3
_
2
8
. Khong cch bng
a
2
Bi 8.49. thi th THPT Minh Khai H Tnh
Cho hnh tr c y ln lt l cc ng trn (O), (O
t
) . Mt phng () i qua trung im I
ca on thng OO
t
to vi y gc 60
o
ct y trn theo dy cung AB, ct y di theo dy
cung CD bit ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. Tnh din tch ton phn ca hnh tr theo a.
S: S
2
_
5a
2
16
(2
_
3+
_
5)
Bi 8.50. thi th THPT Trn Hng o- Hng Yn
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng 2a. Mt phng (SAD) vung
gc vi mt phng (ABCD) ,tam gic SAD vung ti S v

SAD 60
o
. im M l trung im
ca cnh SC. Tnh th tch ca khi chp M.BCD v cosin ca gc to bi hai ng thng
AC v DM.
S: V
a
3
_
3
6
, cos
_
14
28
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. Bit ng thng BD chia mt
phng (ABCD) thnh hai na mt phng, hnh chiu ca nh S ln mt phng (ABCD)
thuc na mt phng cha im A. Cnh bn SB vung gc vi BD v c di l 2a
_
2, mt
phng (SBD) to vi mt y gc 60
o
. Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ABCD v khong cch gia
hai ng thng BD v SC theo a.
S: V
a
3
_
6
3
, khong cch bng
a
_
14
7
.
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a. Gi M, N ln
lt l trung im ca SA, SC. Bit gc to bi ng thng BM v ND bng 60
o
. Tnh th
tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a.
S:
_
30a
3
18
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic vung ABBC a, mt phng
(AB
t
C) to vi mt phng (BCC
t
B
t
) gc sao cho tan
_
3
2
. Gi M l trung im ca
BC.Tnh th tch khi chp MA
t
B
t
C v xc nh tm bn knh mt cu ngoi tip khi chp
B
t
ACM theo a.
S: V
_
2a
3
12
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh bng a ng cho BD a
_
3 Bit
SA vung gc BD, cnh bn SB vung gc AD v (SBD) to vi mt y gc 60
o
. Tnh th tch
hnh chp S.ABCD v khong cch gia hai ng thng AC v SB theo a.
S: V
3a
3
4
, K/cch bng
3
_
30
20
a
Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A, B. Bit AB BC a; AD
2a, SAC l tam gic cn ti S v (SAC) vung gc vi y. Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD.
Gi s mt phng (P) qua O song song vi SC ct SA M. Tnh th tch khi chp MBCD v
khong cch t im M n mt phng (SCD).
S: V
a
3
_
6
54
, K/cch bng
a
_
2
6
Cho hnh lng tr tam gic u ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c cnh y bng a. Bit khong cch gia hai
ng thng AB v A
t
C bng
a
_
15
5
. Tnh th tch ca khi lng tr.
S: V
a
3
4
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
c cnh AA
t
a. ng thng B
t
C to vi ng
thng AD mt gc 60
o
, ng cho B
t
D to vi mt bn (BCC
t
B
t
) mt gc 30
o
. Tnh th tch
khi chp ACB
t
D
t
v cosin gc to bi AC v B
t
D.
S: V
_
3a
3
27
, cos
1
4
_
7
.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi, c SA(ABCD). Gi O l tm ca hnh
thoi. M l trung im ca SC. Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BM. Bit
SO2
_
2, AC 4, AB
_
5.
S:
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l hnh bnh hnh vi AB a, AD 2a, c SC vung gc
(ABCD), gc

BAD 60
o
; SA hp vi (ABCD) gc 45
o
. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v
khong cch gia SA v BD.
S: V
a
3
_
21
3
, K/cch
a
_
77
11
.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A(AD|BC), ABBC 2a, AD
3a. Gi M l trung im AD, N l trung im CM, bit (SNA) v (SNB) cng vung gc vi
mt phng y v khong cch gia hai ng thng SB, CD bng
a
2
. Tnh th tch khi chp
cho v khong cch t M n mt phng (SCD).
S: V
25a
3
3
_
236
, K/cch
15a
4
_
41
.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh vi AB a, AD 2a,

BAD 60
o
.
Cnh SA a v vung gc vi mt phng y. Gi AM, AN, BP ln lt vung gc vi
BC, DC, SC tng ng (M
t
BC, N
t
DC, P
t
SC). Tnh th tch khi t din AMNP v khong cch
gia hai ng thng NP, AC theo a.
S: V
5a
3
_
3
64
, K/cch
10a
_
2829
943
.
Phng php tnh th tch trc tip
Bi 8.62. Tnh th tch khi chp ta gic u S.ABC trong cc trng hp sau:
a. Cnh y bng a, gc
ABC
b. ABa, SA m.
c. SA m,Gc gia mt bn vi mt y bng
S: a. V
SABC
a
3
_
2
12
; b. V
SABC
a
2
_
3
12
_
m
2
a
2
3
; c. V
SABC
_
3
3
.
m
2
sin
sin
2
+4)
_
sin
2
+4
Bi 8.63. Cho hnh lng tr ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
c di cnh bn bng 2a, tam gic ABC vung
ti A, AB =a, AC a
_
3. Hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (ABC) l trung im ca BC. Tnh
V
A
t
ABC
.
S:
a
2
2
Bi 8.64. Cho hnh chp SABC c SA(ABCD), SA =a. ABC vung cn c ABBC a. B
l trung im ca SB. C l chn ng cao h t A ca SAC.
a. Tnh V
SABC
b. Chng minh AB(AB
t
C
t
). Tnh V
SAB
t
C
t .
S:a.V
SABC
a
3
6
b.V
SAB
t
C
t
a
3
36
Bi 8.65. Cho lng tr xin ABCABC, y ABC l tam gic u c tm O. Hnh chiu ca
C ln (ABC) trng O. Tnh th tch khi lng tr bit khng cch t O n CC l a v gc
gia (ACCA) v (BCCB) bng 2
S:
27a
3
tan
3
4
_
2tan
2
1
Bi 8.66. Cho hnh lng tr ng ABCABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A vi AC =a
v
ACB. ng cho BC ca mt bn (BCCB) hp vi mt bn (ACCA) mt gc . Tnh

th tch lng tr.
S:
1
2
.
a
3
tan
_
sin()sin(+)
cossin
Bi 8.67. Cho hnh hp ABCDABCD c y l hnh thoi ABCD cnh a, Gc A v chn
ng vung gc h t B xung y (ABCD) trng vi giao im O ca hai ng cho. Cho
BB =a. Tnh th tch v din tch xung quanh hnh hp.
S:V a
3
cos
2
sin; S
xq
4a
2
cos
2
_
1+sin
2
2
Bi 8.68. Cho lng tr ng ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c y ABC l tam gic vung AB=AC =a,AA
1
a
_
2. Gi M,N ln lt l trung im ca on AA
1
v BC
1
. Chng minh MN l ng vung
gc chng ca cc dng thng AA
1
v BC
1
. Tnh V
MA
1
BC
1
S:
Bi 8.69. Cho hnh nn c nh l S, y l ng trn tm O, SA v SB l hai ng sinh
bit SO=3cm, khong cch t O n mt phng (SAB) bng 1cm, din tch tam gic SAB
bng 18 cm
2
. Tnh th tch v din tch xung quanh ca hnh nn cho.
S:
Bi 8.70. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B, canh SA vung gc vi
y .
ACB 60
0
, BC a, SA a
_
3. Gi M l trung im ca ca cnh SB. Chng minh rng
(SAB)(SBC) . Tnh th tch khi t din MABC.
S:
Bi 8.71. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD. Mt phng () i qua A v vung gc vi SC
ct SB, SC ln lt ti B, C . bit C l trung im ca SC, tnh t s gia SB v BB.
S:
SB
t
B
t
B
2
Bi 8.72. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y AB AC a, BC
a
2
.SA a
_
3,
SAB
SAC 30
0
.
Tnh th tch khi chp S.SABC .
S:
a
3
16
Bi 8.73. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB=a, AD =2a. Cnh
SA vung gc vi mt phng y, cnh bn SB to vi mt phng y mt gc 60
0
. Trn SA
ly M sao cho AM
a
_
3
3
, mt phng (BCM ) ct cnh SD ti N . Tnh th tch chp SBCMN.
S:
10
_
3a
3
27
Bi 8.74. Cho khi chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B. Bit SA vung gc vi
mt phng (ABC) v AB= SA =a, BC =2a. Mt mt phng qua A vung gc vi SC ti H v
ct SB ti K. Tnh din tch tam gic AHK theo a.
S:
a
2
_
6
12
Bi 8.75. cho hnh chp SABCD c SBa
_
2 cc cnh cn li u bng a. Tnh th tch khi
chp theo a.
S:
Bi 8.76. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht SA(ABCD); AB SA
1; AD
_
2. Gi M, N l trung im ca AD v SC, I l giao im ca BM v AC. Tnh th
tch khi t din ANIB.
S:
_
2
36
Bi 8.77. Cho hnh hp ABCDA
t
B
t
C
t
D
t
, y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a, AA
t
a
_
3
3
v
BAD
BAA
t
DAA
t
60
0
. Tnh th tch khi hp theo a.
S:
a
3
_
6
6
Bi 8.78. Cho hnh hp ABCDABCD, c AB =a, BC=2a, AA =a. Ly M trn AD sao cho
AM=3MD. Tnh th tch khi chp M.ABC v khong cch t M n (ABC).
S:V
M.AB
t
C
a
3
4
; d(M, (AB
t
C))
a
2
Bi 8.79. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh 2a.

BAD 60
0
. Hai mt
phng (SAC) v (SBD ) cng vung gc vi y. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im canh BC v
SD. Mt phng (AMN) ct cnh bn SC ti E. Bit MN vung gc vi AN. Tnh th tch khi
a din ADN.MCE theo a.
S:
5a
_
3
9
Bi 8.80. Cho t din ABCD c AB=6, CD =7, khong cch gia AB v CD bng 8, gc gia
AB v CD bng 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD.
S:28
_
3
Bi 8.81. Cho hnh lng tr ng ABCA
t
B
t
C
t
c y ABC l tam gic vung vi AB=BC=a,
canh bn AA
t
a
_
2. M l im trn AA sao cho

AM
1
3
AA
t
. Tnh th tch khi t din
MABC.
S:
a
3
_
2
9
Bi 8.82. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC c cnh bn bng a, y ABC l tam gic u, hnh chiu
ca A trn (ABC) trng vi trng tm G ca tam gic ABC. Mt phng (BBCC) to vi
(ABC) gc 60
0
. Tnh th tch lng tr ABC.ABC theo a.
S: V
ABC.A
t
B
t
C
t
9a
3
32
Bi 8.83. Cho khi lng tr tam gic ABC.A1B1C1 c y l tam gic u cnh 2a, im A1
cch u ba im A, B, C. Cnh bn A1A to vi mt phng y mt gc . Hy tm , bit
th tch khi lng tr ABC.A1B1C1 bng 2
_
3a
3
.
S:60
0
Bi 8.84. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ny l hnh thang vung ti A, AB =AD=a, DC=2a ,
,SA=a 3 hai mt bn (SDC) v (SAD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) .
1. Tnh th tch ca khichp S.ABCD theo a .
2. G l ttrng tm ca tam gic DBC . Tnh khong cch t G n mt phng (SBC)
S:1.V
SABCD
a
3
_
2
2
; 2.
a
3
Bi 8.85. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung, mt bn SAB l tam gic
u v vung gc vi y. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD bit khong cch gia hai ng
thng AB v SC bng a.
S:
a
3
7
_
7
18
LNG TR XIN
Lu : Cn nm vng k thut xc nh chn ng cao hc.
Bi 8.86. Cho lng tr ABC ABCc cc cnh y l 13;14;15v bit cnh bn bng 2a hp
vi y ABCD mt gc 45
o
. Tnh th tch lng tr.
S: V a
3
_
2
Bi 8.87. Cho lng tr ABCD ABCDc y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a v bit cnh bn
bng 8 hp vi y ABC mt gc 30
o
.Tnh th tch lng tr.
S: V 336
Bi 8.88. Cho hnh hp ABCD ABCDc AB =a;AD =b;AA = c v BAD 30
0
v bit cnh
bn AA hp vi y ABC mt gc 60
o
.Tnh th tch lng tr.
S: V
abc
_
3
4
Bi 8.89. Cho lng tr tam gic ABC ABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a v im A
cch u A,B,C bit AA
t
2a
_
3
3
.Tnh th tch lng tr.
S: V
a
3
_
3
4
Bi 8.90. : Cho lng tr ABC ABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a , nh A c hnh
chiu trn (ABC) nm trn ng cao AH ca tam gic ABC bit mt bn (BBCC) hp vi
y (ABC) mt gc60
o
.
1) Chng minh rng BBCC l hnh ch nht.
2) Tnh th tch lng tr ABC ABC.
S: V
3a
3
_
3
8
Bi 8.91. Cho lng tr ABC ABC c y ABC l tam gic u vi tm O. Cnh b CC = a
hp vi y (ABC) 1 gc 60
o
v C c hnh chiu trn ABC trng vi O .
1) Chng minh rng AABB l hnh ch nht. Tnh din tch AABB.
2) Tnh th tch lng tr ABCABC.
S: 1.S
a
2
_
3
2
, 2.V
3a
3
_
3
8
Bi 8.92. Cho lng tr ABC ABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit chn ng vung
gc h t A trn ABC trng vi trung im ca BC v AA = a.
1) Tm gc hp bi cnh bn vi y lng tr.
2) Tnh th tch lng tr.
S: 1.30
0
; V
a
3
_
3
8
Bi 8.93. Cho lng tr xin ABC ABC c y ABC l tam gic u vi tm O. Hnh chiu
ca C trn (ABC) l O. Tnh th tch ca lng tr bit rng khong cch t O n CC l a
v 2 mt bn AACCv BBCC hp vi nhau mt gc 90
o
S: V
27a
3
4
_
2
Bi 8.94. Cho hnh hp ABCD ABCD c 6 mt l hnh thoi cnh a,hnh chiu vung gc
ca A trn (ABCD) nm trong hnh thoi,cc cnh xut pht t A ca hp i mt to vi
nhau mt gc60
o
.
1) Chng minh rng H nm trn ng cho AC ca ABCD.
2) Tnh din tch cc mt cho ACCA v BDDB.
3) Tnh th tch ca hp.
S: S
ACC
t
A
t a
2
_
2; S
BDD
t
B
t a
2
, V
a
3
_
2
2
Bi 8.95. Cho hnh hp ABCD ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc A 60
o
,chn
ng vung gc h t B xung ABCD trng vi giao im 2 ng cho y bit BB = a.
1)Tm gc hp bi cnh bn v y.
2)Tnh th tch v tng din tch cc mt bn ca hnh hp.
S: 1.60
0
, V
3a
3
4
&S a
2
_
15
Bi 8.96. B 2002 : Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.A
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
c cnh bng a
1)Tnh theo a khong cch gia 2 ng thng A
1
B v B
1
D.
2) Gi M ,N , P ln lt l cc trung im ca cc cnh BB
1
, CD, A
1
D
1
. Tnh gc gia 2 ng
thng MP v C
1
N.
S: 1.d(A
1
B, B
1
D)
a
_
6
6
, 2.90
0
Bi 8.97. B 2009 : Cho hnh lng tr tam gic ABC.ABC c BB = a, gc gia ng thng
BB v mt phng (ABC) bng 60
0
; tam gic ABC vung ti C v BAC 60
0
. Hnh chiu
vung gc ca im B ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi trng tm ca tam gic ABC. Tnh th
tch khi t din AABC theo a.
S: 9a
3
/208
Bi 8.98. D-09: Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B, AB
= a, AA = 2a, AC = 3a. Gi M l trung im ca on thng AC, I l giao im ca AM v
AC. Tnh theo a th tch khi t din IABC v khong cch t im A n mt phng (IBC).
S: V
4a
3
9
, d
2a
_
5
5
Bi 8.99. (B-11) cho hnh lng tr ABCDA
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
c y BAC l hnh ch nht, AB=a,
AD a
_
3. Hnh chiu vung gc ca A
1
ln (ABCD) trung vi giao im ca AC v BD. Gc
gia hai mt phng (ADD
1
A
1
) v (ABCD) bng 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v
khong cch t B
1
n mt phng (A
1
BD) theo a.
S: V
3a
3
2
, d
a
_
3
2
Bi 8.100. Cho khi lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh a. Cc im E v F ln lt l trung
im ca CB v CD.
1.Dng thit din ca khi lp phng khi ct bi mp(AEF).
2.Tnh t s th tch hai phn ca khi lp phng b chia bi mt phng (AEF).

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CC BI TON HNH KHNG GIAN CHO THI I HC

DSC (SD; (SBC)) 60

SBH((SBC) , (ABCD)), CD(SHK)

SKHSHBSHK (gcg) HB HK BC 6 do A l trung im HB.

Bi 7.23. thi th H - C 2012 - THPT Triu Sn 4

ACB. ng cho BC ca mt bn (BCCB) hp vi mt bn (ACCA) mt gc . Tnh

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