You are on page 1of 31

Ngy son 8/3/2010

Ngy dy10/3/2010

Luyn tp: 1-thi HSG cp tnh


ho v c
Bi 1 :
1, Hy dng mt ho cht nhn bit 6 l ho cht b mt nhn
ng cc dung dch sau : K2CO3 ; (NH4)2SO4 ; MgSO4 ; Al2(SO4)3; FeCl3;
FeCl2.
2, Tm cng thc ho hc ca cc ch ci A, B, C , D, E, G v vit
cc phng trnh ho hc biu din cc bin ho sau :
a, Al A B C A NaAlO2
b, Fe D E Fe2O3 D F G FeO
HD:
1-Cho dung dch NaOH vo c 6 l dung dch .
+ Nu khng c phn ng l dung dch K2CO3 ,
+Nu c cht mi khai bc ln l ( NH4)2SO4
PTHH: ( NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2 NH3 + 2H2O
+ Nu c cht kt ta trng hi xanh sau mt lc chuyn
mu nu l :
FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2

2NaCl.;

4Fe(OH)2 +O2+

2H2O4Fe(OH)3
Trng hi xanh
(Nu )
+ Nu c cht kt ta nu l FeCl 3 .
Fe(OH)3

FeCl3 + 3NaOH

+ 3NaCl.
(N

u )
+Nu c cht kt ta trng khng tan l MgSO4:

MgSO4+NaOHNa2SO4+ Mg(OH)2
+ Nu c cht kt ta trng to thnh sau tan trong dung
dch NaOH d l Al2(SO4)3 :

Al 2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 3 Na2SO4 +

2Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O
2, a, Al A B C A NaAlO2
- A To ra t Al ,- A To NaAlO2

A l Al2O3

-A l Al2O3 , C l Al(OH)3,B L mui tan ca nhm.


Ta c dy bin ho l : Al Al2O3 AlCl3 Al(OH)3
Al2O3NaA1O2
Phng trnh ho hc
(1) 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3

(2) Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O


t
(3) AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 +3NaCl (4) 2Al(OH)
Al2O3 +3H2O
3
t
(5) Al2O3 +2NaOH 2NaAlO2 +H2O
b, Fe D
E Fe2O3

Fe2O3 D D l mui st III.


E l Fe(OH)3

F l mui (II) VD: FeCl2

VD: FeCl3

G FeO G l Fe(OH)2,

Ta c dy bin ho :

FeFeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 FeCl3 FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 FeO


Phng trnh ho hc
(1) 2Fe + 3Cltt
2FeCl3
2
0
tt
3NaCl
0
(3) 2 Fe(OH)3

(2) FeCl 3 + 3 NaOH Fe(OH)3 +

Fe2O3 +3H2O (4) FeO3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O

(5)2FeCl3 +Fe 3FeCl2


tt
2NaCl

(6) FeCl 2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 +

(7) Fe(OH)2

FeO + H2O

Bi 2 :
1, Hy cho bit cc hin tng c th xy ra v vit phng trnh phn
ng xy ra trong nhng th nghim sau :
a, Cho t t dung dch Ba(OH)2vo dung dch (NH4)2SO4

b, Cho mu kim loi Na vo dung dch Al(NO3)3


c, Nh t t dung dch H2SO4 c vo ng glucz (C6H12O6)
2, Trong nc thi ca mt nh my c cha a xt H 2SO4. Bng th
nghim thy rng c 5 lt nc thi cn dng 1g Ca(OH) 2 trung ho.
Mi gi nh my thi ra 250 m3 nc thi
a, Tnh khi lng Ca(OH)2 cn dng trung ho lng nc thi trong
1 gi.
b, Tnh khi lng CaO cn dng trong 1 ngy. Bit nh my hot
ng 24gi/ngy.
HD:
1, a, Cho t t dd Ba(OH)2 vo dd NH4Cl
Hin tng: Kt ta trng xut hin v tng dn ng thi c kh mi
khai thot ra.
Phng trnh ho hc:Ba(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
trng
b, Cho mu Na vo dd Al(NO3)3 Hin tng : Ban u mu Na nng
chy tn dn, thot ra kh khng mu, ng thi thy xut hin kt
ta trng
PTHH : 2 Na +2H2O 2 NaOH + H2 ;3NaOH + Al(NO3)3 3NaNO3 +
Al(OH)3
trng
- Kt ta trng c th tan ra 1 phn hoc tan ht to dung dch
khng mu nu NaOH d.:NaOH + Al(OH)3 NaAlO2 +2H2O.
c, Nh t t dung dch H2SO4 c vo ng Glucoz (C6H12O6)
Hin tng : ng Glucoz mu trng chuyn dn sang mu vng ri
H SO
c

2
4
thnh mu en, ng thi c kh khng
mu thot ra . C 6H12O6

6 C+ 6H2O

C+ H2SO4 c nng CO2

SO2 + H2O
a, 1 gi nh my thi ra 250m3 nc thi = 250.000lt

2,

trung ho 5 lt nc thi cn 1 gam Ca(OH)2; trung ho 250.000


lt nc thi cn x (g) Ca(OH)2 X =

250.000 1
=
5

50.000 (g) = 50 kg

Vy trung ho H2SO4 trong nc thi, mi gi cn dng 50 kg


Ca(OH)2
b, 1 g(CaOH)2 trung ho c 5 lt nc thi
1 mol (Ca(OH)2 = 74g trung ho c 74x5= 370 lt nc thi
1mol Ca(OH)2 1 mol CaO-1mol CaO trung ho 370 lt nc thi
hay 56g CaO trung ho 370 lt nc thi
1 ngy nh my thi ra 24 x 250.000 = 6000.000 lt nc thi
Lng CaO cn dng cho 1 ngy l

6000000.56
370

= 908 108 .108(g) =

908,108kg
Bi 3 : Ho tan 5,94 g kim loi ho tr III trong 564 ml dung dch HNO 3
10% (d=1,05 g/ml) thu c dung dch A v 2,688 lt hn hp kh B
(gm N2O v NO) ktc. T khi ca kh B i vi Hir l 18,5 .
a, Tm kim loi ho tr III . Tnh C % ca cht trong dd A .
b, Cho 800 ml dung dch KOH 1M vo ddA. Tnh khi lng kt ta
to thnh sau phn ng .
HD
a, nHNO3 =

564.1,05.10
63.100

= 0,94 mol ;n H2(N2O+NO)=

2,688
=0,12
22,4

t a,b ln lt l s mol ca N2O v NO trong hn hp kh


Ta c

44a + 30b
2( a + b)

a+b

= 18,5

=> a = 0,06

= 0,12 => b = 0,06

Gi kim loi ho tr (III) l R


PTHH:

11R+ 42HNO3 11R(NO3)3 + 3N2O +3NO +21H2O

mol

11R(g) - 42mol
5,94(g)

11mol -

x(mol)

6 mol

y(mol)

0,12 mol

Ta c: 11R.0,12 = 6 x 5,94 R=27 R l kim loi nhm : Al


0,12 42
6

- S mol HNO3 phn ng l : x

= 0,84 (mol)

- HNO3 d l: 0,94 - 0,84 = 0,1 mol


- S mol Al(NO3)3 to thnh l y =

0,12 11
6

= 0,22 (mol)

Vy trong dung dch A c HNO3 v Al(NO3)3


mHNO3 d = 0,1.63 = 6,3g ;m Al(NO3)3 = 0,22 . 213 = 46,86 (g)
mddA= mAl + mdd axt - m kh mddA = 5,94 + 564.1,05 0,12.18,5.2
- mddA= 593,7 (g)
C% Al(NO3)3 =

46,86
593,7

. 100% = 7,89%;

C%HNO3 =

6,3
593,7

. 100%

=1,06%
b, nKOH = 1.0,8 = 0,08 mol.
PTHH: HNO3 +KOH KNO3 +H2O
1mol

1mol

0,1mol

0,1mol

S mol KOH cn li l 0,8- 0,1 =

0,7 mol
Al(NO3)3 + 3KOH Al(OH)3 +3KNO3
1mol

3mol

0,22mol

0,66mol

0,22mol nKOH cn d l : 0,7 - 0,66

= 0,04 mol
PTHH:Al(OH)3 + KOH KAlO2 + 2H2O
Trc phn ng :
Phn ng:
Sau phn ng :

0,22

0,04

0,04

0,04

0,18

0 Vy : nAl(OH)3 thu c l 0,18 mol

- mAl(OH)3 = 0,18.78 = 14,04 (g)


Bi 4 : Nung 178 g hn hp gm cc mui Na 2SO4, Na2CO3, NaHCO3 thu
c hn hp cht rn A v 5.600 cm3 kh CO2 .

Cho hn hp A vo 150 cm3 dung dch a xt HCl


(d = 1,08 g/cm3) thu c 12320 cm3 kh CO2 .
a,vit phng trnh ho hc xy ra .
b, Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc mui trong hn hp ban
u.
HD
a, Phng trnh ho hc
tt
2NaHCO3 0
Na2CO3 +CO2 + H2O

(1)

Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl +H2O+CO2

(2)

b, Gi a, b, c ln lt l s mol ca NaHCO3
Na2CO3 v Na2SO4 trong 178 g hn hp
Theo (1) Ta c nNaHCO3 = 2nCO2 = 2

5600
22,4.1000

= 2 x 0,25 mol =

0,5mol
- mNaHCO3 = 0,5 x 84 = 42 (g) % NaHCO3=

42
.
178

100%

23,6%

- Theo (1) nNa2CO3 = nCO2 = 0,25 mol ;Vy trong A c b+ 0,25 mol
Na2CO3
Theo (2) nNa2CO3=nCO2 =

12320
22,4.1000

= 0,55(mol) b+ 0,25 = 0,55

b = 0,3 (mol)
Khi lng Na2CO3 l 0,3x106 = 31,8(g)

% Na2CO3 =

31,8
178

.100% = 17,8%

% Na2SO4 = 100% - (23,6% + 17,8%) = 58,6%


Ngy son 9/3/2010
Ngy dy11/3/2010

2-

Bi 1:
1/ C 5 mu cht kh A, B, C, D, E ng trong 5 l ring bit . Mi kh c
mt tnh cht sau:

a/ Kh A chy to ra cht lng( nhit thng) khng mu, khng


mi, cht lng ny lm cho ng(II) sunfat khan mu trng thnh mu
xanh.
b/ Kh B rt c, chy trong khng kh vi ngn la xanh nht sinh ra
cht kh lm c nc vi trong.
c/ Kh C khng chy, nhng lm vt chy sng chi hn.
d/ Kh D khng chy m cn lm tt ngn la ca vt ang chy
e/ Kh E tc dng vi nc to thnh hn hp 2 axit c tc dng ty
trng, st trng, dit khun.
Hy cho bit A,B, C,D, E l nhng kh no? Vit phng trnh phn ng
xy ra?
2/ Xc nh cht A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K v vit phng trnh phn ng
theo s sau:
A + O2 B+C
;B + O2 D ;D + E F ; D + BaCl2 + E G +
H
F+ BaCl2 G + H ; H + AgNO3 AgCl + I; I + A J + F + NO
+E
J + NaOH Fe(OH)3 + K
HD
1- Cn c vo tnh cht nu ta bit:
t o , xt

a, A l kh H2: H2+ O2 t0 H2O


c, C l kh O2.
HClO.

d, D l kh CO2.

2-A: L FeS2 hoc FeS


4FeS2 +11 O2 t0 8SO2 + 2Fe2O3
A
(B
C
SO3+ H2O H2SO4.

b, B l kh CO: CO + 2 O2

t 0

CO2.

e, E l kh Cl2: Cl2 + H2O HCl +

2SO2+ O2 t0 2SO3.
B

(D

SO 3+BaCl2 +H2O BaSO4

+2HCl.
(D)
(E)
(F).
(D)
(E)
(G)
(H)
H2SO4+BaCl2 BaSO4 +2HCl
HCl +AgNO3 AgCl +HNO3.
(F)
(H)
(H)
(I)

8HNO3+FeS2 Fe(NO3)3+2 H2SO4+ 5NO +2H2O


(I)
A
J
(F)
(E)

Fe(NO3)3 + 3NaOH
Fe(OH)3 + 3NaNO3
(J)
(K)

Bi 2
Hn hp gm 3 kim loi Cu, Fe, Mg nng 20 gam c ha tan ht
bng axit H2SO4 long, thot ra kh A, nhn c dung dch B v cht
rn D. Thm KOH d vo dung dch B ri sc khng kh xy ra hon
ton phn ng.
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4 Fe(OH)3

Lc kt ta v nung n lung khng i cn nng 24 (g). Cht rn D


cng c nung trong khng kh n lng khng i cn nng 5 gam.
Tm % khi lng mi kim loi ban u?
HD
Cu khng tan trong H2SO4 long l cht rn D khi nung trong khng kh.
2Cu +O2 2CuO
t0

% Cu=

4
20

ta c

5
mCu = 80

. 64 = 4 (g)

mMg +mFe = 16(g)

x 100 = 20%.
Fe + H 2SO4(l) FeSO4+ H2

Theo bi ra ta c phng trnh:

Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4+ H2

FeSO 4+ 2KOH Fe(OH)2

+K2SO4.

MgSO4+ 2KOH Mg(OH)2 +K2SO4

.4Fe(OH)2+O2+H2O 4Fe(OH)3
t0
Mg(OH)2 MgO +H2O.

2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O.


t0

Theo phng trnh phn ng:Lng oxit bng 24 26 = 18 g 0,5mol.


Gi x l s mol ca Fe ; Gi y l s mol ca Mg
Ta c h phng trnh:
x=y=0,2 mFe= 0,2 . 56 = 11,2 (g).
56x+24 y =16
1,5 x+ y =0,5
%Fe =

11,2
100% = 56%
20

mMg = 4,8(g) %Mg =24%

Bi3
Nung 25,28gam hn hp FeCO3 v FexOy d ti phn ng hon ton,
thu c kh A v 22,4 gam Fe2O3 duy nht. Cho kh A hp th hon
ton vo 400ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,15M thu c 7,88 gam kt ta.
1, Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
2, Tm cng thc phn t ca FexOy
HD

Thu c 7,88 gam kt ta l BaCO3


ta c nFe2O3= 0,14 mol;
nBa(OH) 2= 0,06 mol; nBaCO3=
0,04mol
1- Theo bi ra ta c phng trnh
4FeCO3+ O2 t0 2Fe2O3+ 4CO2 (1).

2FexOy + (

3x 2 y
) O2 xFe2O3 (2).
2

CO2+Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 +H2O (3).


2CO2+Ba(OH)2 Ba(HCO3)2 (4).
nBa(OH)2 > nBaCO3 nn c 2 kh nng xy ra:
2- Do
Nu Ba(OH)2 d (0,02 mol) th nCO2=0,04 mol
(khng c phn ng
(4)
nFe O to ra t kh FexOy= 0,14 m FxOy=25,28-(0,04.116)=20,64 g
2

0,04
=
2

0,12 (mol)

S mol Fe= 0,24 (mol) cn s mol O = 0,45 (mol)\ T s O : Fe =


1,875 >1,5 (loi ).
Vy n Ba (OH ) khng d; 0,025 mol Ba(OH)2 tham d phn ng (4)...
khi nCO = 0,04 + 0,04 = 0,08(mol) Vym FxOy=25,28-(0,08.116)=16
g
2

S mol Fe2O3 to ra (2) = 0,14

0,08
=
2

0,1 (mol)

Fe2O3=0,1.160=16g
O2 d phn ng (2) = 0 v oxit st ban u l Fe2O3
Bi4:
1/ Cho CO tc dng vi CuO un nng c hn hp cht rn A v kh
B. Ha tan hon ton A vo H2SO4 c nng. Cho B tc dng vi dung
dch nc vi trong d. Vit phng trnh phn ng ha hc.
2/ Nu hin tng v vit phng trnh phn ng cho cc th nghim
sau:
a/ Nhng inh st co sch g vo dung dch CuSO4
b/ Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2
HD

t 0

CO + CuO
Cu + CO2 cht rn A (Cu + CuO d), kh B(CO2)
CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O.
t0
Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
CO+Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O.
a. Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4+ Cu (d2 mu xanh+c kt ta Cu)
b, SO2+ Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 +2CO2+H2O (c kt ta, c kh
2SO2+Ca (HCO3)2 Ca(HSO3)2 + 2CO2 ( c kh )

Bi 5
1. C 4 l mt nhn A, B, C,D cha NaI, AgNO3, HI, K2CO3.
- Cho cht trong l A vo cc l: B,C,D u thy c kt ta
- Cht trong l B ch to 1 kt ta vi 1 trong 3 cht cn li
- Cht C to 1 kt ta v 1 kh bay ra vi 2 trong 3 cht cn li.
Xc nh cht cha trong mi l. Gii thch
2. Vit 6 phng trnh phn ng khc nhau thc hin phn ng.
PbCl2 + ? NaCl + ?
HD:
1/ A to kt ta vi B,C,D nn A l AgNO3
AgNO3 + NaI AgI + NaNO3 ;
AgNO3 + HI AgI + HNO3
2AgNO3 +K2CO3 Ag2CO3 + 2KNO3
C to kt ta vi A v to kh vi HI C l K2CO3

B ch to kt ta vi 1 trong 3 cht cn li B l NaI ;D l HI


2HI + K2CO3 2KI + CO2 k + H2O
2/Mi phng trnh ng
1. PbCl2 + Na2CO3 PbCO3 + 2NaCl;
2. PbCl2 + Na2S PbS
+ 2NaCl
3. PbCl2 + Na2SO3 PbSO3 + 2NaC
4. PbCl2 + Na2SO4
PbSO4 + 2NaCl
5. 3PbCl2 + 2Na3PO4 Pb3(PO4)2 + 6NaCl 6. PbCl2+ Na2SiO3
PbSiO3 + 2NaCl
Ngy son 12/3/2010
Ngy dy13/3/2010

3- Luyn tp ho v

c
Bi 1-1. t hn hp C v S trong Oxi d _ hn hp A.
- Cho 1/2 A li qua dung dch NaOH thu c dung dich B v kh C.
- Cho kh C qua hn hp cha CuO, MgO nung nng thu c cht rn D
v kh E.
- Cho kh E li qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c kt ta F v dung dch
G thm dung dch KOH vo G li thy c kt ta F xut hin. un nng
G cng thy kt ta F.
Cho 1/2 kh A cn li qua xc tc nng thu c kh M. Dn M qua dung
dch BaCl2 thy c kt ta N.
Xc nh thnh phn A,B,C,D,E,F,G,M,N v vit tt c cc phn ng
xy ra.
2. Trnh by phng php tch ring tng cht nguyn cht t hn hp:
vi, vi sng, thch cao v mui n.
HD
t0
t0
1. 2C + O2 2 CO ; C + O2 CO2 ; S + O2 t0 SO2
Kh A:, CO2 , SO2, O2d, CO ; Cho A qua dung dch NaOH
CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O ;
SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O
Dung dch B cha Na2CO3, Na2SO3 cn kh C cha: CO2, O2, CO ;
C qua CuO, MgO nng.
CuO + CO t0 Cu + CO2
Cht rn D ( MgO, Cu ) v kh E c: CO2, O2, CO d ; E li qua
Ca(OH)2
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2
Kt ta F l CaCO3 ; Dung dch G: Ca(HCO3)2
Ca(HCO3)2+ 2KOH CaCO3 + K2CO3 + H2O
Ca(HCO3)2 t0 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O

A qua xc tc nng 2SO3 + O2 t0 2SO3 ( kh M) ( 0,25)


M qua dung dch BaCl2SO3 + H2O + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2HCl
(Kt ta N)
2. Ho tan trong nc: CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2
Ra nhiu ln thu c cht rn A c CaCO3 + CaSO4v nc lc B c
NaCl v Ca(OH)2
Thm Na2CO3 vo nc lc
Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + 2 NaOH
Lc kt ta c nc lc C. em un nng kt ta: CaCO3 t0 CaO + CO2

Trung ho nc lc C ri c cn c NaCl; Ngm cht rn A trong dung


dch HCl
CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Lc sn phm khng tan l CaSO4
Thm Na2CO3 vo nc lc thu li CaCO3
CaCl2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2 NaCl
Bi 2Trn 50ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 4M vi 200ml Ba(OH)2 1,5M thu
c kt ta A v dung dch B. Nung kt ta A trong khng kh n lng khng i thu c cht rn D. Thm BaCl2 d vo dung dch B th
tch ra kt ta E.
a. Vit ptp. Tnh lng D v E
b. Tnh nng mol cht tan trong dung dch B ( coi th tch thay
i khng ng k khi xy ra phn ng)
HD:
S mol Al2(SO4)3 = 0,2mol ; nBa(OH)2 = 0,3mol
Pt: Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(OH)2 3 BaSO4 + 2 Al(OH)3
Khi nung BaSO4 c BaSO4 khng i
2Al(OH)3 t0 Al2O3 + 3H2O
Cht rn D gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3, dung dch B c Al2(SO4)3 d
Al2(SO4)3 + 3BaCl2 3 BaSO4 + 2FeCl3
Kt qu: mD= 80,1gam; mE = 69,9gam ; CM = 0,4M
Bi 3:
1/ Vit 6 phng trnh phn ng iu ch ZnCl2, mi phng trnh c trng cho mt phng php. (Trnh trng lp)
2/ Ch c dng thm qu tm v cc ng nghim, hy ch r phng php
nhn ra cc dung dch b mt nhn: NaHSO4 , Na2CO3 , Na2SO3, BaCl2 , Na2S.
HD: 1/ Cc phng trnh:

a. Zn + Cl2 to ZnCl2
b. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
c. Zn + CuCl2 ZnCl2 + Cu
d. ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2O
e. Zn(OH)2 + 2HCl ZnCl2 + 2H2O
g. ZnCO3 + 2HCl ZnCl2 + CO2
+ H2O
2/ Chia nh cc cht cn nhn bit thnh nhiu phn:
- Nhn NaHSO4 = qu tm -->
- Nh NaHSO4 vo cc mu th
cn li.
NaHSO4 + Na2CO3 --> Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2

NaHSO4 + Na2SO3 --> Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 ;NaHSO4 + Na2S -->


Na2SO4 + H2S
+ Nhn ra Na2CO3 ; c kh khng mu, khng mi. + Nhn ra
Na2SO3 ; c kh mi hc.
+ Nhn ra Na2S ; c mi trng thi.
+ cn li dung dch
BaCl2.
Bi 4:
Trinh by phng php ho hc nhn bit cc cht kh ng trong cc
bnh ring bit: metan, etilen, hiro, axetilen.
HD

- Nhn bit C2H2 bng phn ng:CH = CH + Ag2O


+ H2O

ddNH
3

Ag - C = C - Ag
mu vng

- Nh bit C2H4 bng dd Br2 b mt mu.


C2H4 + Br2 dd-->
C2H4Br2
- t chy CH4 v H2 cho sn phm i qua nc vi trong d:
CH4 + 2O2 t0 CO2 + 2H2O
2H2 + O2 t0 2H2O
Nu c vn c --> nhn CH4
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 --> CaCO3 + H2O
- Cn li l H2
Bi 5:
Trong cc ng 19,88 gam hn hp MgO, Al2O3 . Cho 200 ml dung dch HCl
vo cc, khuy u. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, cho bay hi dung dch
thy cn li trong cc 47,38 gam cht rn khan. Cho tip vo cc 200 ml
dung dch HCl ( trn) khuy u. Sau kh kt thc phn ng, lm bay hi
dung dch, thy cn li trong cc 50,68 gam cht rn khan.
1/ Tnh CM ca dung dch HCl.
2/ Tnh % khi lng mi xit trong hn hp u.

1/ Cc phn ng xy ra:
MgO + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2O (1) Al2O3 + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O (2)
+ V sau khi c cn dung dch sau ln th 2 khi lng cht rn khan
tng ln, chng t sau ln th nht cc xit cha tan ht, ni cch khc
HCl thiu.
+ Theo phn ng (1,2)
2 mol HCl tham gia phn ng lm cho khi lng cht rn tng:
71 - 16 = 55
Vy s mol HCl phn ng:
47,38 19,88
55

x 2 = 1(mol) => CM HCl =

1
0,2

= 5 (M)

2/ Sau ln thm dung dch HCl th hai, cc xit phi tan ht, v nu
cha tan ht tc HCl thiu hoc th khi lng mui tng 55 gam
(v nHCl = 5. 0,4 = 2 mol)
Thc t cht rn ch tng:
50,68 - 19,88 = 30,8 (g)
Gi x,y l s mol ca MgO, Al2O3 ta c phng trnh:
40x + 102y = 19,88

95x + 133,5y = 50,68


% MgO =

40.0,14.100
=
19,88

28,17%

=> x = y = 0,14
% Al2O3 = 71,83%

Ngy son 15/3/2010

Luyn tp thi 4

Ngy dy17/3/2010

Bi 1:
Hn hp A gm 64% Fe2O3 , 34,8% Fe, 1,2% C. Cn bao nhiu kg hn hp A
trn vi 1 tn gang cha 3,6% C, cn li l st. luyn c mt loi thp
cha 1,2%C trong l Mc Tanh. Bit phn ng xy ra hon ton, C b xi
ho thnh cacbon oxit do Fe2O3 trong qu trnh luyn thp.
HD

Vit phn ng xy ra: Fe2O3 + 3C t0 2Fe + 3CO


Trong 1 tn gang (1000kg) : m C= 0,012 (kg)
Trc khi phn ng: ( trn m kg hn hp v 1000kg gang)
mC = (0,012m + 36) kg => nC = (0,012m + 36/12 (Kmol)
(hoc

0,012m + 36
.
12

103 (mol)

nFe2O3 = 0,64/ 160 = 0,004m (Kmol)


Theo phn ng (*):
Lng C phn ng: 0,012m(Kmol) <=> 0,144m(kg)
Lng CO : 0,012m (Kmol) <=> 0,336m (kg)
Lng C cn d trong thp: 0,012+36 - 0,144m =(36 - 0,132m) (kg)
Khi lng thp (p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng)
(1000 + m) - mCO = 1000 + m - 0,336m = 1000 + 0,644m
Vy ta c:

36 0,132m
=
1000 + 0,664

0,012 => m = 171,428 (kg)

Bi 2
C 2 nguyn t X, Y to thnh 2 hp cht A1 v A2. Trong A1 nguyn t X
chim 75% v khi lng, Y chim 25%, trong A2 nguyn t X chim 90%, Y
chim 10%. Nu cng thc ho hc ca A1 l XY4 th cng thc ho hc ca
A2 l g?
HD

A1: XY4 => %mX =


25% (2)

X
X + 4Y
X

T (1) v (2) suy ra: 4Y =


Ta c % mX =

Xx
.
Xx + Yy

.100% = 75% (1)v % mY=


75
=
25

4Y
X + 4Y

. 100% =

3 =>X = 12Y (a) A2 : XXYY

100% = 90% (3) v %mY =

Yy
.
Xx + Yy

100% =

10% (4)
t (3) v (4) =>

Xx
Yy

= 9 (b) T (a) v (b) =>

x
9
3
=
=
y 12 4

CTHH: A2 l X3Y4

Bi 3:
Cho 80 gam bt Cu vo 200 ml dung dch AgNO 3, sau mt thi gian phn
ng lc c dung dch A v 95,2 gam cht rn. Cho tip 80 gam bt Pb vo

dung dch A, phn ng xong lc tch c dung dch B ch cha mt mui


duy nht v 67,05 gam cht rn.
1/ Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch AgNO3 dng.
2/ Cho 40 gam bt kim loi R (ho tr II) vo 1/10 dung dch B, sau phn ng
hon ton lc tch c 44,575 gam cht rn khng tan. Hy xc nh kim
loi R.
HD

Cu + 2AgNO3 --> Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag


x

2x

2x

S mol x =

95,2 80
216 64

= 0,1

Pb + Cu(NO3)2 --> Pb(NO3)2 + Cu


0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
Theo phng trnh nu ch c phn ng th gim lng kim loi (do
mt Pb = 207 v to Cu = 64) l: ( 207 - 64). 0,1 = 14,3 (gam) > 80 67,05 = 12,95 (gam)
Chng t trong dung dch vn cn mui AgNO3 d c phn ng:
Pb + 2AgNO3 --> Pb(NO3)2 + 2Ag
y
2y
y
2y
Phn ng ny lm tng lng (216 - 207)y.
Vy ta c: ( 216 -207)y = 14,3 - 12,95 = 1,35 --> y = 0,15
S mol AgNO3 ban u 2x + 2y = 0,5 (mol)--> Nng mol =

0,5
0,2

2,5 M
Dung dch D cha Pb(NO3)2 = 0,1 + 0,15 = 0,25 (mol)
R + Pb(NO3)2 --> R(NO3)2 + Pb
0,025
0,025
0,025
0,025
tng kim loi = (207 - R) . 0,025 = 44,575 - 40 = 4,575 (gam)=> R =
24 => Mg
Bi 4: Ho tan hn hp Na2CO3 v KHCO3 vo nc thnh 400 ml dung
dch A. Cho t t 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,5M vo dung dch A ng
thi khuy u, khi phn ng kt thc ta c dung dch B v 1,008
lt kh ( ktc). Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d c 29,55g kt ta. Tnh khi lng cc cht c trong hn hp ban u.
Nu cho t t dung dch A vo bnh ng 100 ml dung dch HCl
1,5M th thu c th tch kh thot ra ( ktc) l bao nhiu?
HDG:
a, t x, y ln lt l s mol ca 2 mui Na2CO3 v KHCO3 (x, y > 0)
Ta c PTP:
Giai on 1: NaCO3 + HCl NaCl + NaHCO3 ( 1 )
Mol:
x
x
x
x

n
Nh vy: HCO3 = x + y (mol ) ; Theo PT (1) th n NaHCO3 = n Na2CO3 = x
(mol)
Gi a, b l s mol ca HCO3 tham gia phn ng vi dung dch HCl v
dung dch Ba(OH)2
Giai on 2: HCO3 + HCl Cl + H2O + CO2 ( 2 )

Mol:
Theo bi ra:
n

HCl

( P 2 )

a
a
a
HCl = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 ( mol )
=

CO2 = a =

1,008
22,4

= 0,045 ( mol )

Na2CO3 ( b ) = n HCl ( P 1 ) = 0,15 0,045 = 0,105 (mol)


Sau phn ng (1) th ton b Na2CO3 chuyn thnh NaHCO3. Khi
cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d xy ra phn ng
sau:
HCO3 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + OH + H2O ( 3 )
Mol :
b
b
b
b
n

BaCO3 = b =

Vy

29,55
197

= 0,15 ( mol )

HCO3 ( P ) = a + b = x + y = 0,045 + 0,15 = 0,195 (mol)


n KHCO3 ( b ) = 0,195 0,105 = 0,09 (mol)
Khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u:
m
Na2CO3 = 0,105 . 106 = 11,13g
m
KHCO3 = 0,09 . 100 = 9g
b/ Khi cho dung dch A vo bnh cha dung dch HCl 1,5M th xy ra
phn ng
*Nu c 2 phn ng xy ra ng thi th ta thy phng trnh (4)
nu gii phng 1 mol kh CO2 cn 2 mol HCl ,gp i s mol HCl dng
cho phn ng (5).
t z l s mol HCl tham gia phn ng (5); th s mol HCl tham gia
phn ng (4) l 2z (mol)
Na2CO3 + 2HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2 ( 4 )
KHCO3 + HCl KCl + H2O + CO2 ( 5 )
Theo PTP ta c: 2z + z = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 (mol) z = 0,05 ( mol ).
S mol CO2 thot ra l:
0,1 ( mol )
*Nu phn ng ( 4 ) xy ra trc: ta c 2z = 0,15 ( mol ) z = 0,075
(mol); m s mol ca Na2CO3 = 0,105( mol ) > 0,075.Vy nn axt phi
phn ng ht,nn s mol kh CO2 thot ra l 0,075 (mol)
*Nu phn ng (5) xy ra trc: ta c z = 0,09 ( mol ) z = 0,09
(mol); m s mol ca HCl = 0,15 (mol).Vy s mol HCl cn d = 0,15
0,09 = 0,06 (mol) s tip tc tham gia phn ng (4) .Khi 2z = 0,06
(mol) z = 0,03 (mol). Vy tng s mol CO2 thot ra l:
n
CO2 = 0,09 + 0,03 = 0,12 (mol)
kt hp cc d kin ta c: 0,075 ( mol ) < n CO2 < 0,12(mol)
Hay 1,68 ( lt ) < VCO 2 < 2,688 (lt)
n

Bi 5: Cho 28,1g qung lmt gm MgCO 3; BaCO3 (%MgCO3 = a%)


vo dung dch HCl d thu c V (lt) CO2 ( ktc).
a/ Xc nh V (lt).
b/ Sc V (lt) CO2 va thu c vo dung dch nc vi trong. Tnh khi lng kt ta ti a thu c bit s mol Ca(OH)2 = 0,2 (mol) v khi lng
ca mi cht c trong hn hp ban u.

Hng dn:
a/ Theo bi ra ta c PTHH:
MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 +
H2O + CO2
(1)
x(mol)
x(mol)
BaCO3
+ 2HCl BaCl2
+
H2O + CO2
(2)
y(mol)
y(mol)
CO2
+
Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
(3)
0,2(mol) 0,2(mol) 0,2(mol)
CO2
+
CaCO3 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2
(4)
m
Gi s hn hp ch c MgCO3.Vy BaCO3 = 0
S mol: nMgCO3 =

28,1
84

= 0,3345 (mol)

Nu hn hp ch ton l BaCO3 th mMgCO3 = 0


28,1

S mol: nBaCO3 = 197 = 0,143 (mol)


Theo PT (1) v (2) ta c s mol CO2 gii phng l:
0,143 (mol) nCO2 0,3345 (mol)
Vy th tch kh CO2 thu c ktc l: 3,2 (lt) VCO 2 7,49 (lt)
b/ Khi lng kt ta thu c l:
*Nu s mol ca CO2 l: 0,143 ( mol ), th ch c PTP (3) xy ra v d
Ca(OH)2, theo PTP th nCaCO3 = nCO2 = 0,143 (mol).
Vy khi lng kt ta thu c l: mCaCO3 = 0,143 . 100 = 1,43g
*Nu s mol ca CO2 l: 0,3345 (mol), th c c P (3) v (4), theo PTP
ta c: S mol CO2 tham gia P (3) l: nCO2 = nCa(OH)2 = 0,2 (mol). Vy
s mol CO2 d l: 0,3345 0,2 = 0,1345 (mol). Tip tc tham gia P (4)
khi :
S mol ca CaCO3 to ra (3) l: nCaCO3 = nCa(OH)2 = 0,2 (mol).
S mol ca CaCO3 P (4) l: nCaCO3 = nCO2 ( d ) = 0,1345 (mol)
Vy sau P (4) s mol ca CaCO3 cn li l: 0,2 0,1345 = 0,0655 (mol)
Khi lng kt ta thu c l: mCaCO3 = 0,0655 . 100 = 6,55g
* thu c kt ta ti a th nCO2 = nCa(OH)2 = 0,2 (mol).
Vy nCaCO3 = nCa(OH)2 = 0,2(mol)
Khi lng ca CaCO3 l: mCaCO3 = 0,2 . 100 = 20g
t x,y ln lt l s mol ca MgCO3 v BaCO3
Theo bi ra v PT (3) ta c:
x + y = 0,2 (*)
x = 0,1(mol)
Gii h PT (*) v (**) ta c:
84x + 197y = 28,1 (**)
y = 0,1(mol)
Vy khi lng ca mi cht c trong hn hp ban u l:
m
MgCO3 = 0,1 . 84 = 8,4g
m
BaCO3 = 0,1 .197 = 19,7g
Bi 6 Khi thm t t v khuy u 0,8 lit dd HCl 0,5 M vo dd cha
35g hn hp A gm 2 mui Na2CO3 v K2CO3 th c 2,24 lit kh CO2

thot ra ( ktc) v dd D. Thm dd Ca(OH)2 c d vo dd D thu c kt


ta B.
a/ Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp A v khi lng kt ta B.
b/ Thm m (g) NaHCO3 vo hn hp A c hn hp A/. Tin hnh th
nghim tng t nh trn, th tch dd HCl 0,5M thm vo vn l 0,8 lit,
dd thu c l dd D/. Khi thm Ca(OH)2 d vo dd D/ c kt ta B/ nng
30 g. Tnh V (lit) kh CO2 thot ra ( ktc) v m (g).
Hng dn gii:
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Na2CO3 v K2CO3.
Theo bi ra: S mol HCl = 0,4 mol
Giai on 1:
HCl + Na2CO3 NaHCO3 + NaCl
(1)
HCl +
K2CO3 KHCO3 + KCl
(2)
Sau phn ng (1 v 2) S mol HCl cn li l: 0,4 (x + y) tip tc tham
gia phn ng
Giai on 2:
HCl +
NaHCO3
NaCl
+
H 2O
+
CO2
(3)
HCl +
KHCO3
KCl
+
H2O
+
CO2
(4)
Theo bi ra ta c: S mol CO2 = 0,1 mol.
Theo PTP ( 3 v 4 ) th: S mol HCl ( p ) = S mol CO2 = 0,1 mol.
Khi thm dd Ca(OH)2 d vo dd D thu c kt ta B , chng t HCl
tham gia phn ng ht. Trong D ch cha Mui clo rua v mui hir
cacbonat (cn li sau phn ng 3 v 4)
Theo PTP:

NaHCO3 +
Ca(OH)2
CaCO3
+
NaOH
+ H2O (5)

KHCO3 +
Ca(OH)2
CaCO3
+
KOH
+ H2O (6)
T cc PT (1, 2, 3, 4) ta c: x + y = 0,3
(I)
Theo bi ra ta c: 106 x + 138 y = 35 (II)
Gii h PT (I) v (II): ta c x = 0,2 ; y = 0,1.
Khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp ban u l: mNa 2 CO 3 = 21,2 g ;
mK 2 CO 3 = 13,8 g
Theo PT (5,6) S mol CaCO3 = S mol (NaKHO3 + KHCO3) cn li sau
phn ng (3,4)
Theo PT (3,4) S mol NaHCO3 + KHCO3 phn ng = S mol CO2 gii
phng = 0,1 mol
Vy s mol NaHCO3 + KHCO3 cn li l: 0,3 0,1 = 0,2 mol
Khi lng CaCO3 to thnh l: 0,2 x 100 = 20 g
b/ khi thm m(g) NaHCO3 vo hn hp A
giai on 1: ch c Na2CO3 v K2CO3 phn ng nn s mol ca HCl vn
l: x + y = 0,3 mol
s mol HCl phn ng giai on 2 vn l: 0,1 mol
Do s mol CO2 vn l 0,1 mol. Vy VCO 2 = 0,1 x 22,4 = 2,24 lit
Nu gi s mol ca NaHCO3 thm vo l b (mol)

Th tng s mol NaHCO3 + KHCO3 cn li sau giai on 2 l: (0,2 + b)


mol
Theo bi ra ta c: 0,2 + b = 30 : 100 = 0,3. Vy b = 0,1 (mol)
Khi lng NaHCO3 thm vo l: 0,1 x 84 = 8,4 g
Ngy son 16/3/2010
Ngy dy18/3/2010

Luyn tp

bi tp tng hp v tnh

theo PTHH
Bi 1:
Chia hn hp gm 2 kim loi A, B c ho tr n, m lm 3 phn bng
nhau.
Phn 1: Ho tan ht trong axit HCl thu c 1,792 lit H2 (ktc).
Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 1,344 lit kh
(ktc) v cn li cht rn khng tan c khi lng bng 4/13 khi lng
mi phn.
Phn 3: Nung trong oxi d thu c 2,84g hn hp gm 2 oxit l A2On v
B2Om . Tnh tng khi lng mi phn v xc nh 2 kim loi A v B.
Hng dn:
Gi a, b l s mol ca A, B trong mi phn.
Phn 1:Vit PTHH:
S mol H2 =

na
2

mb
2

= 1,792 : 22,4 = 0,08 mol ----> na + mb = 0,16

(I)
Phn 2:Tc dng vi NaOH d ch c 1 kim loi tan, gi s A tan.
A + (4 n)NaOH + (n 2)H2O ---> Na4 nAO2 + n/2 H2
a (mol)
na/2 (mol)
S mol H2 = na/2 = 1,344 : 22,4 ---> na = 0,12
(II)
Thay vo (I) --> mb = 0,04.
Mt khc khi lng B trong mi phn:\ mB = 4/13.m1/3 hh
Phn 3:Vit PTHH:
mhh oxit = (2MA + 16n).a/2 + (2MB + 16m).b/2 = 2,84
= MA + MB + 8(na + mb) = 2,84 ---> MA + MB = 1,56 (g)
(*)
mB = 4/13. 1,56 = 0,48 (g) ----> mA = 1,08 (g)
---> MA = 1,08n : 0,12 = 9n --> n = 3 v MA = 27 l ph hp. Vy A l Al
---> MB = 0,48m : 0,04 = 12m --> m = 2 v MB = 24 l ph hp. Vy B l
Mg.
Bi 2:
Nung a(g) hn hp A gm MgCO3, Fe2O3 v CaCO3 nhit cao n
khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn B c khi lng bng 60% khi lng hn hp A. Mt khc ho tan hon ton a(g) hn hp A trong dung
dch HCl thu c kh C v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi

dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta, nung n khi lng khng i,


thu c 12,92g hn hp 2 oxit.
Cho kh C hp th hon ton vo 2 lit dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,075M, sau
khi phn ng xong, lc ly dung dch, thm nc vi trong d vo trong
dung dch thu c thm 14,85g kt ta.
a/ Tnh th tch kh C ktc.
b/ Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A.
Hng dn:
t s mol MgCO3, Fe2O3, CaCO3 ln lt l x, y, z (mol) trong hn hp A.
Ta c: 84x + 160y + 100z = a(g) (I)
Sau khi nung cht rn B gm: x mol MgO, y mol Fe2O3 v z mol CaO.
40x + 160y + 56z = 0,6a (II)
T (I, II) ta c: 44(x + y) = 0,4a ---> a = 110(x + y)
(III)
Cho A + HCl.
Kh C gm c: S mol CO2 = x + y (mol)
Hn hp D gm c: x mol MgCl2, y mol FeCl3, z mol CaCl2.
Cho D + NaOH d thu c 2 kt ta: x mol Mg(OH)2 v y mol Fe(OH)3
---> 2 oxit tng ng l: x mol MgO, y mol Fe2O3 .
moxit = 40x + 160y = 12,92
(IV)
Cho C + dd Ba(OH)2 ---> a mol BaCO3 v b mol Ba(HCO3)2
Ta c: S mol CO2 phn ng l: a + 2b = x + z
S mol Ba(OH)2 phn ng l: a + b = 2 . 0,075
---> b = (x + y) 0,15 (V)
PTHH:Ba(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 -----> CaCO3 + BaCO3 + 2H2O
b mol
b mol
b mol
Ta c: 100b + 197b = 14,85 ---> b = 0,05.
T (V) --> x + y = 0,2 T (III) --> a = 110 . 0,2 = 22g
a/ Th tch kh CO2 thu c ktc l: 4,48 lit
b/ Gii h PT (I, III, V) ---> x = 0,195, y = 0,032, z = 0,005.
Khi lng v thnh phn % ca cc cht l: mMgCO3 = 16,38g ( 74,45%)
m
Fe2O3 = 5,12g (23,27%) mCaCO3 = 0,5g ( 2,27%)
Bi 3:
Hn hp bt A gm Fe v Mg c khi lng 2,72g c chia thnh 2 phn
bng nhau.
Phn 1: Cho vo 400ml dung dch CuSO4 a(M) ch cho phn ng xong
thu c 1,84g cht rn B v dung dch C. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo
dung dch C thu c kt ta. Sy nung kt ta trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i cn c 1,2g cht rn D.
Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp A v
tr s a?
Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi V(ml) dung dch AgNO3 0,1M. Sau khi phn
ng xong thu c cht rn E c khi lng 3,36g. Tnh thnh phn %
theo khi lng cc cht trong cht rn E? Tnh V?
Hng dn:

Xt phn 1:m(Mg + Fe) = 2,72 : 2 = 1,36g.


TH1: 1/2 hh A phn ng ht vi CuSO4. ---> dd C gm c: FeSO4, MgSO4,
CuSO4.
Cht rn B l Cu (c khi lng 1,84g)
Cho dd C + dd NaOH ---> kt ta Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Cu(OH)2 ---> Oxit tng ng sau khi nung trong kk l Fe2O3, MgO, CuO c khi lng l 1,2g
< 1,36g --> Vy A cha tham gia phn ng ht.
TH2: 1/2 hh A phn ng cha ht vi CuSO4.
Gi thit Mg Mg phn ng cha ht (m Mg li hot ng ho hc mnh
hn Fe) th dd CuSO4 phi ht v Fe cha tham gia phn ng --> dd C
l MgSO4 v cht rn D ch c MgO.---> S mol Mg phn ng = n Cu =
nMgO = 1,2 : 40 = 0,03 mol
Cht rn B gm Cu, Fe v Mg cn d.
Nhng ta thy mCu to ra = 0,03 . 64 = 1,92g > 1,84g --> Tri vi iu kin
bi ton. Vy Mg phi ht v Fe tham gia 1 phn.
Nh vy: cht rn B gm c: Cu v Fe cn d
dd C gm c MgSO4 v FeSO4
cht rn D gm c MgO v Fe2O3 c khi lng l 1,2g.
- t x, y l s mol Fe, Mg trong 1/2 hh A v s mol Fe cn d l z
(mol)
- 56x + 24y = 1,36
- (x z).64 + y.64 + 56z = 1,84
- 160(x z) : 2 + 40y = 1,2
Gii h phng trnh trn ta c: x = 0,02, y = 0,01, z = 0,01.
---> %Fe = 82,35% v %Mg = 17,65%
S mol ca CuSO4 = 0,02 mol ----> a = 0,02 : 0,4 = 0,05M
Xt phn 2: 1/2 hh A c khi lng l 1,36g
tng khi lng cht rn = 3,36 1,36 = 2,0g
Gi thit Fe cha phn ng.
Ta c: s mol Mg phn ng = 2 : (2 . 108 24) = 0,0104 mol > n Mg
trong phn 1.
----> Nh vy Fe tham gia phn ng v Mg phn ng ht.
mrn do Mg sinh ra = 0,01 . (2. 108 24) = 1,92g
mrn do Fe sinh ra = 2 1,92 = 0,08 g
nFe phn ng = 0,08 : (2. 108 56) = 0,0005 mol. ;nFe d = 0,02 0,0005 =
0,0195mol
Vy cht rn E gm c Fe cn d v Ag c sinh ra sau phn ng.
Tng s mol AgNO3 phn ng = (0,01 + 0,0005).2 = 0,021 mol
Th tch ca dd AgNO3 0,1M dng = 0,021 : 0,1 = 0,21 lit.
Bi 4:
Cho 9,86g hn hp gm Mg v Zn vo 1 cc cha 430ml dung dch
H2SO4 1M long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thm tip vo cc 1,2 lit
dung dch hn hp gm Ba(OH)2 0,05M v NaOH 0,7M, khuy u cho
phn ng hon ton, ri lc ly kt ta v nung nng n khi lng

khng i th thu c 26,08g cht rn. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi
trong hn hp u.
Hng dn;
t s mol Mg v Zn l x v y.
Ta c: 24x + 65y = 9,86 (I) S mol H2SO4 = 043.1= 0,43 mol
t HX l cng thc tng ng ca H2SO4 ---> nHX = 2nH 2 SO 4 = 0,43.2
= 0,86 mol
S mol Ba(OH)2 = 1,2 . 0,05 = 0,06 mol ;S mol NaOH = 0,7 . 1,2 =
0,84 mol
t ROH l cng thc tng ng cho 2 baz cho.
Ta c: nROH = 2nBa(OH) 2 + nNaOH = 0,06.2 + 0,84 = 0,96 mol
PTHH xy ra Gi s hn hp ch cha mnh Zn ---> x = 0.
Vy y = 9,86 : 65 = 0,1517 mol
Gi s hn hp ch Mg ---> y = 0 Vy x = 9,86 : 24 = 0,4108 mol
0,1517 < nhh kim loi < 0,4108
V x > 0 v y > 0 nn s mol axit tham gia phn ng vi kim loi l:
0,3034 < 2x + 2y < 0,8216 nhn thy lng axit dng < 0,86 mol.
Vy axit d --> Do Zn v Mg phn ng ht.
Sau khi ho tan ht trong dung dch c.
x mol MgX2 ; y mol ZnX2 ; 0,86 2(x + y) mol HX v 0,43 mol SO4.
Cho dung dch tc dng vi dung dch baz.
HX
+
ROH --->
RX +
H 2O.
0,86 2(x + y) 0,86 2(x + y)
mol
MgX2
+
2ROH ----> Mg(OH)2 + 2RX
x
2x
x
mol
ZnX2
+
2ROH ----> Zn(OH)2 + 2RX
y
2y
y
mol
Ta c nROH phn ng = 0,86 2(x + y) + 2x + 2y = 0,86 mol
Vy nROH d = 0,96 0,86 = 0,1mol
Tip tc c phn ng xy ra:
Zn(OH)2
+ 2ROH ---->
R2ZnO2 + 2H2O
b: y
0,1
mol
P: y1
2y1
mol
cn: y y1
0,1 2y1
mol
( iu kin: y y1)
Phn ng to kt ta.
Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 ---> BaSO4 + 2H2O
b: 0,06
0,43
0
mol
p: 0,06
0,06
0,06
mol
cn: 0
0,43 0,06
0,06
mol
Nung kt ta.
Mg(OH)2 -----> MgO + H2O
x
x
mol
Zn(OH)2 -------> ZnO
+ H2O

y y1
y y1
mol
BaSO4 ----> khng b nhit phn hu.
0,06 mol
Ta c: 40x + 81(y y1) + 233.0,06 = 26,08
---> 40x + 81(y y1) = 12,1
(II)
Khi y y1 = 0 ---> y = y1 ta thy 0,1 2y1 0 ---> y1 0,05
Vy 40x = 12,1 ---> x = 12,1 : 40 = 0,3025 mol
Thay vo (I) ta c y = 0,04 ( y = y1 0,05) ph hp
Vy mMg = 24 . 0,3025 = 7,26g v mZn = 65 . 0,04 = 2,6g
Khi y y1 > 0 --> y > y1 ta c 0,1 2y1 = 0 (v nROH phn ng ht)
----> y1 = 0,05 mol, thay vo (II) ta c: 40x + 81y = 16,15.
Gii h phng trnh (I, II) ---> x = 0,38275 v y = 0,01036
Kt qu y < y1 (khng ph hp vi iu kin y y1 ) ---> loi.
Bi 5:
Cho X l hn hp ca 3 cht gm kim loi R, oxit v mui sunfat ca
kim loi R. bit R c ho tr II khng i trong cc hp cht. Chia 29,6
gam X thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
Phn 1: em ho tan trong dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung dch
A, kh B. lng kh B ny va kh ht 16g CuO. Sau cho
dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch KOH d cho n khi kt thc phn
ng thu c kt ta C. Nung C n khi lng khng i th thu c
14g cht rn.
Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi 200ml dung dch CuSO4 1,5M. Sau khi phn
ng kt thc tch b cht rn, c cn phn dung dch th thu c 46g
mui khan.
a/ Vit cc PTHH xy ra.
b/ Xc nh kim loi R.
c/ Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng cc cht trong X. Bit cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton.
Hng dn:
t x, y, z l s mol R, RO, RSO4 trong 1/2 hh X ta c:
x.MR + (MR + 16).y + (MR + 96).z = 14,8g
phn 1;Vit cc PTHH xy ra;
dd A c RSO4 = (x + y + z) mol v H2SO4 d
Kh B l H2 = x mol
H2
+ CuO -----> Cu + H2O
x
x
x
mol
nCuO = x = 16 : 80 = 0,2 mol
dd A + KOH d
H2SO4 + 2KOH ----> K2SO4 + H2O
RSO4
+ 2KOH ----> K2SO4 + R(OH)2
R(OH)2 ------> RO
+
H2O
(x + y + z)
(x + y + z)
mol
Ta c: (MR + 16). (x + y + z) = 14
(II).

Thay x = 0,2 vo (I, II) --> z = 0,05


Phn 2:
R + CuSO4 ----> RSO4 + Cu
b: 0,2
0,3
mol
p: 0,2
0,2
0,2 mol
S mol CuSO4 d = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol
Tng s mol RSO4 = (0,2 + z) mol
mMui khan = mRSO 4 + mCuSO 4 = 0,1.160 + (MR + 96)(0,2 + z) = 46.
Thay z = 0,05 ---> MR = 24, R c ho tr II ---> R l Mg
Thay cc gi tr vo tnh c y = 0,1.
mMg = 4,8g --> %Mg = 32,43%
mMgO = 4,0g --> %MgO = 27,03%
mMgSO 4 = 6,0g --> %MgSO4 = 40,54%
Bi 6:
Ho tan ht 7,74g hn hp bt 2 kim loi Mg v Al bng 500ml dung
dch hn hp cha axit HCl 1M v axit H2SO4 long 0,28M, thu c dung
dch A v 8,736 lit kh H2 (ktc). Cho rng cc axit phn ng ng
thi vi 2 kim loi.
a/ Tnh tng khi lng mui to thnh sau phn ng.
b/ Cho dung dch A phn ng vi V lit dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 1M
v Ba(OH)2 0,5M. Tnh th tch V cn dng sau phn ng thu c lng kt ta ln nht, tnh khi lng kt ta .
Hng dn:
t x, y l s mol Mg v Al
24x + 27y = 7,74 (I)
t HA l cng thc tng ng ca hn hp gm 2 axit HCl v H2SO4.
nHA = nHCl + 2nH 2 SO 4 = 0,5 + 2.0,14 = 0,78 mol.
Vit cc PTHH xy ra.
nH 2 = x + 1,5y = 8,736 : 22,4 = 0,39 (II)
T (I, II) --> x = 0,12 v y = 0,18.
mmui = mhh kim loai + mhh axit - mH 2 = 38,93g
t ROH l cng thc tng ng ca hn hp gm 2 baz l NaOH v
Ba(OH)2
nROH = nNaOH + 2nBa(OH) 2 = 1V + 2.0,5V = 2V (mol)
Vit cc PTHH xy ra.
----> Tng s mol ROH = 0,78 mol. Vy th tch V cn dng l: V =
0,39 lit
Ngoi 2 kt ta Mg(OH)2 v Al(OH)3 th trong dung dch cn xy ra
phn ng to kt ta BaSO4.Ta c nBaSO 4 = nH 2 SO 4 = 0,14 mol
(V nBa(OH) 2 = 0,5.0,39 = 0,195 mol > nH 2 SO 4 = 0,14 mol) ---> nH 2 SO 4
phn ng ht.
Vy khi lng kt ta ti a c th thu c l.

mkt ta = mMg(OH) 2 + mAl(OH) 3 + mBaSO 4 = 53,62g


Ngy son 17/3/2010
Ngy dy: 20/3/2010

Luyn tp

bi tp tng hp v tnh

theo PTHH
Bi 1:
1. Ho tan va axit ca kim loi M c cng thc MO vo dung dch
H2SO4 long nng 4,9% c dung dch ch cha mt mui tan c
nng 7,6 %.
a) Cho bit tn kim loi M.
b) Tnh khi lng dung dch H2SO4 dng
2. Hp th ton b hn hp gm kh CO2 v hi H2O vo 900 ml dung
dch Ca(OH)2 1M, thu c 40 gam kt ta. Tch b phn kt ta, thy
khi lng dung dch tng 7,8 gam so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2
ban u.
Hy tm khi lng CO2 v khi lng H2O em dng.
Hng dn:
Gi x l s mol MO : MO + H2SO4 MSO4 + H2O
Khi lng cht tan MSO4 l: (M+96)x.
Khi lng MO l:
(M+16)x.
Khi lng H2SO4 ban u:
m=
Khi lng dung dch MSO4:
m=

( M + 96) x
2000 x + ( M +16) x

98 x.100
= 2000 x
4,9

2000x + (M + 16)x

.100 = 7,69

m = 2000 (g)

(x=1)

Do x c nhiu gi tr nn c rt nhiu gi tr khi lng dung dch H2SO4


tng ng.
2, a . Khi s mol CO2 s mol Ca(OH)2
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
S mol CaCO3 =

40
100

= 0,4 mol

Khi lng CO2 l 0,4 . 44 = 17,6 (g)


(m' = mdd+7,8)
mH2O=7,8+40-17,6 = 30,2 (g)
b) Khi nCa(OH)2 < nCO2 < 2nCa(OH)2
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O

17,6 + mdd+mH2O= m' + 40

0,9

0,9

CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2


S mol kt ta: 0,9- t =
(mol)

40
= 0,4 t = 0,5
100

;S mol CO2: 0,9 + 0,5 = 1,4

Khi lng CO2: 1,4.44 = 61,6 (g) Khi lng H2O: 40 +7,8 - 61,6 < 0
-----> Ta loi trng hp ny.
Bi 2:
Ho tan hon ton 25,2 g mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr II
bng dung dch HCl 7,3% (D = 1,038 g/ml). Cho ton b kh CO 2 thu
c vo
500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M th thu c 29,6g mui.
a. Xc nh CTHH ca mui cacbonat.
b. Tnh th tch ca dung dch HCl dng.
Hng dn:
a/ t cng thc ca mui cacbonat l MCO 3.
Cc PTHH:
MCO3 + 2 HCl
MCl2 + CO2 + H2O (2)
NaOH + CO2
NaHCO3.
(3)
a
a
a
2NaOH + CO2
Na2CO3 + H2O.
(4)
2b
b
b
S mol NaOH: nNaOH = 0,5. 1 = 0,5 mol
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol CO2 tham gia phn ng (3) v (4).
Theo phng trnh v bi ta c:
nNaOH = a + 2b = 0,5 mol
(5).
mmui = 84 a + 106 b = 29,6 g (6)
Gii (5) v (6) ta c: a = 0,1mol ; b = 0,2mol.
S mol CO2 to thnh (2): nCO2 = a + b = 0,1 + 0,2 = 0,3 mol.
Theo pt (2):
nMCO3= nCO2 = 0,3 mol.
25, 2
Khi lng phn t ca mui ban u: M MCO3 =
= 84.
0,3
M + 60 = 84 M = 24 vC.
Vy M l Mg suy ra CTHH ca mui cn tm: MgCO3
Lu : HS c th bin lun chng minh xy ra c (3) v (4).
Ta thy:
29, 6
29, 6
0,28 mol < nmui < 0,35 mol.M nCO2 = nmui.
< nmui <
106
84
0,5 nNaOH
0,5

< 2 1< nNaOH/ nCO2 < 2


: 0,28 < nCO2 < 0,35.
0,35 nCO2
0, 28

ra to 2 mui c c (3 ) v (4) xy ra.

a. Theo phng trnh (2)


nHCl =2nCO2 =2 . 0,3 = 0,6 mol Khi lng HCl dng:
MHCl =0,6 .36,5 =21,9 (g) Khi lng dung dch HCl dng:
mddHCl =

21.9 x100
7,3

= 300g.

Th tch dung dch HCl dng:Vdd HCl =

300
1,038

= 289ml = 0,289 (lit)

Bi 3:
Cho 4g Fe v mt kim loi ho tr II vo dung dch H 2SO4 long ly d
thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu cho 1,2g kim loi ho tr II ni trn
phn ng vi 0,7 lt kh O2(ktc) th lng Oxi cn d sau phn ng.
a, Xc nh kim loi ha tr II.
b, Tnh % khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp.
Hng dn:
a/ Cc PTP:
Fe
+
H 2SO4

FeSO4
+
H2
xmol
xmol
xmol
A
+
H2SO4

ASO4
+
H2
ymol
ymol
ymol
nH

2,24
=0,1mol
22,4

Theo bi ra ta c h phng trnh:

56x +Ay =4
x +y =0,1

(a)

Ay-56y=-1,6
y=

1,6
56 - A

0 <

1,6
< 0,1 M A < 40
56 - A

2A+O2 2AO (*)


Theo PTP (*):

(1)
0,7

mol
n O2 = 22,4 =0,03125

1,2 0,03125
<
2A
1

(do oxi d)

---> 2A > 38,4


Vy A > 19,2
(2)
(1) v (2) Ta c 19,2 < MA < 40.
Do A l kim loi c ho tr II nn A l Mg.
b. Thay A vo h PT (a)

56x + 24y = 4 x = ,0 05

x + y = 0,1 y = ,0 05

mFe = 0,05. 56= 2,8g

mMg = 1,2g
% Fe =

2,8
.100% =70%
4

% Mg = 100% - 70% = 30%


Bi 4:
Nhit phn hon ton 20 g hn hp MgCO3, CaCO3 , BaCO3 thu c kh
B. Cho kh B hp th ht vo nc vi trong thu c 10 gam kt ta v
dung dch C. un nng dung dch C ti phn ng hon ton thy to
thnh thm 6 gam kt ta. Hi % khi lng ca MgCO3 nm trong
khong no?
Hng dn:
Cc PTHH:
MgCO3
CaCO3
BaCO3

MgO + CO2(k)
(B)
Ca0 + CO2(k)

BaO
t0

(1)
(2)

(B)
+ CO2;k)
(3)
(B)
----> CaCO3(r) + H2O(l) (4)

CO2(k) + Ca (OH)2(dd)
(B)
2CO2(k) + Ca(OH)2(dd) ----> Ca(HCO3)2(dd)
(5)
(B)
(C)
0
t
Ca(HCO3)2

CaCO3(r) + CO2(k) + H2O(l) (6)


(C)
Theo phng trnh phn ng (4) v (6) ta c:
nCaCO3 = 0,1 + 0,06 = 0,16 (mol)
----> n cO2 = 0,1 + 0,06 x 2 = 0,22 (mol)
theo phng trnh phn ng (1) , (2) , (3), (4 ), (5) ta c:
Tng s mol mui: n mui = n CO2 = 0,22 (mol)
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca mui: MgCO3, CaCO3, BaCO3 c trong
100 gam hn hp v tng s mol ca cc mui s l: x + y + z = 1,1
mol
V ban u l 20 gam hn hp ta quy v 100 gam hn hp nn n mui
= 1,1 (mol)
Ta c: 84x + 100y + 197z = 100 ---> 100y + 197z = 100 84x
V
x +
y +
z = 1,1 --->
y +z
= 1,1 x
100 y + 197 z 100 84 x
=
<--> 100 <
< 197
y+z
1,1 x
----> 52,5 < 84x < 86,75
Vy % lng MgCO3 nm trong khong t 52,6% n 86,75 %

Bi 5:
Ho tan 11,2g CaO vo nc ta c dd A.
1/ Nu kh CO2 sc qua A v sau khi kt thc th nghim c 2,5 g kt
ta th c bao nhiu lt kh CO2 tham gia phn ng?
2/ Nu ho tan 28,1g hn hp MgCO 3 v BaCO3 c thnh phn thay
i trong cha a% MgCO3 bng dd HCl v cho tt c kh thot ra
hp th ht vo dd A th thu c kt ta D.
Hi: a c gi tr bao nhiu th lng kt ta D nhiu nht v t nht?
1. nCaO =

11,2
56

= 0,2 mol

Phng trnh ho hc: CaO + H2O

Ca(OH)2 (1)

0,2

0,2

Khi sc CO2 vo c phn ng: CO2 + Ca(OH)2

mol
CaCO3 + H2O

(2)
Trng hp 1: Ca(OH)2 d v CO2 phn ng ht th:
Theo (2)

nCO2 = nCaCO3 =

2,5
100

= 0,025 mol

VCO2 = 0,025 . 22,4 = 0,56 Lt.


Trng hp 2:
CO2 d, Ca(OH)2 phn ng ht c thm phn ng:

CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
Ca(HCO3)2
(3)
Theo (1) nCO2 = nCa(OH)2 = nCaCO3 = 0,2 mol.
nCaCO3 phn ng (3): = 0,2 - 0,025 = 0, 175 mol.
Theo (3) nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 0,175 Mol.
Tng nCO2 (2) v (3) l: 0,2 + 0,175 = 0,375 mol.
VCO2 = 0,375 . 22,4 = 8,4 Lt.
2. Cc phn ng xy ra:
MgCO3 + 2 HCl
MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1)
BaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (2)
BaCO3 + 2 HCl
Khi sc CO2 vo dd A c th xy ra cc phn ng :

CO2 + Ca(OH)2
CaCO3 + H2O
(3)
2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2
(4)
lng kt ta CaCO3 thu c l ln nht th ch xy ra phn ng (3).
Khi : nCO2 = nCa(OH)2 = 0,2mol.
Theo bi khi lng MgCO3 c trong 28,1 g hn hp l:
mMgCO3 =
nBaCO3

2,81.a
= 0,281a
100
28,1 0,281a
=
197

nMgCO3 =

0,281a
84

Theo (1) v (2) nCO2 = nMgCO3 + nBaCO3


Ta c phng trnh:
0,281a 28,1 0,281a
+
84
197

= 0,2.

Gii ra ta c: a = 29,89 % . Vy khi a = 29,89 % th lng kt ta ln


nht.
Khi a = 0 % th ngha l hn hp ch ton mui BaCO3
Khi nCO2 =

28,1
197

= 0,143 mol Ta c:

nCO2 < nCa(OH)2.

Theo (3): nCaCO3 = nCO2 = 0,143 mol. m CaCO3 = 0,143 . 100 =


14,3g.
Khi a = 100% ngha l hn hp ch ton mui MgCO3 khi :
nCO2 =

28,1
84

= 0,334 > nCa(OH)2 = 0,2 mol. Theo (3): nCaCO3 =

nCa(OH)2 = 0,2 mol.


V CO2 d nn CaCO3 tip tc phn ng:CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2
(5)
Theo (5): nCaCO3 = nCO2 d = 0,334 - 0,2 = 0,134. nCaCO3 cn li : 0,2
- 0,134 = 0,066
mCaCO3 = 0,066 . 100 = 6,6 < 14,3g Vy khi a = 100% th lng kt
ta thu c b nht.
Bi 6:
Ho tan 7,74g hn hp 2 kim loi Mg, Al trong 500ml dung dch hn hp
cha HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,38M (long). Thu c dung dch A v 8,736
lt kh H2(ktc).
a. Kim loi tan ht cha? gii thch?
b. Tnh khi lng mui c trong dung dch A?
Hng dn:
n HCl = 0,5 mol ; n H 2 SO4 = 0,19 mol ; n H 2 = 0,39 mol
a/ Cc P.T.H.H: Mi PTHH ng cho.
Mg
+ 2 HCl
MgCl2
+
H2
(1)
2 Al
+ 6 HCl
2AlCl3
+ 3H2
(2)
Mg
+ H2SO4
MgSO4
+ H2
(3)
2 Al
+ 3 H2SO4
Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
(4)
T 1,2 :

1
1
HCl =
n
.0,5
2
2
n H 2 SO4 = 0,19 (mol

n H2 =

= 0,25 (mol).

T 3, 4
n H2 =
) Suy ra: Tng n H 2 = 0,25 +
0,19 = 0,44 (
Ta thy:
0,44 > 0,39 Vy: Axt d, kim loi tan ht.
b/ Theo cu a: Axt d.
* TH1: Gi s HCl phn ng ht, H2SO4 d: n HCl = 0,5 mol
n H2
=0,25 mol
(1,2)
n H 2 = 0,39 - 0,25 = 0,14 (mol) suy ra n H 2 SO4 = 0,14 mol

(3,4)
Theo nh lut BTKL: m
38,93g

mui

(p)
= 7,74 + 0,5 .35,5 + 0,14 .96 =

(A)
* TH2: Gi s H2SO4 phn ng ht, HCl d
Suy ra n H 2 SO4 = 0,19 mol suy ra n H 2 = 0,19 mol
3,4
H
n 2 = 0,39 0,19 = 0,2 (mol) suy ra n HCl = 0,2.2 =0,4 (mol)
(1,2)
(p )
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:m mui = 7,74 + 0,19.96 + 0,4.35,5
= 40,18 (g)
V thc t phn ng xy ra ng thi. Nn c 2 axt u d.
Suy ra tng khi lng mui trong A thu c l:38,93 (g) < m mui A
<40,18 (g)
Bi 7:
Cho hn hp gm MgO, Al2O3 v mt oxit ca kim loi ho tr II km hot
ng. Ly 16,2 gam A cho vo ng s nung nng ri cho mt lung
kh H2 i qua cho n phn ng hon ton. Lng hi nc thot ra c
hp th bng 15,3 gam dung dch H2SO4 90%, thu c dung dch
H2SO4 85%. Cht rn cn li trong ng em ho tan trong HCl vi lng
va , thu c dung dch B v 3,2 gam cht rn khng tan. Cho
dung dch B tc dng vi 0,82 lt dung dch NaOH 1M, lc ly kt ta,
sy kh v nung nng n khi lng khng i, c 6,08 gam cht
rn.
Xc nh tn kim loi ho tr II v thnh phn % khi lng ca A.
Hng dn:
Gi R l KHHH ca kim loi ho tr II, RO l CTHH ca oxit.
t a, b, c ln lt l s mol ca MgO, Al2O3, RO trong hn hp A.
Theo bi ra ta c:40a + 102b + (MR + 16)c = 16,2 (I)
Cc PTHH xy ra:
RO + H2 -----> R + H2O (1)
MgO + 2HCl ----> MgCl2 + H2O
(2)
Al2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O (3)
MgCl2 + 2NaOH ----> Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl (4)
AlCl3
+ 3NaOH -----> Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl (5)
C th c: Al(OH)3 + NaOH -----> NaAlO2 + H2O (6)
x
x
x
Gi x l s mol ca NaOH cn d tham gia phn ng vi Al(OH)3
Mg(OH)2 -----> MgO + H2O (7)
2Al(OH)3 ------> Al2O3 + 3H2O (8)
2b x

2b x
2

mol

Ta c: Khi lng ca axit H2SO4 trong dd 90% l:m = 15,3 . 0,9 = 13,77
(g)

Khi lng ca axit H2SO4 trong dd 85% vn l 13,77(g). V khi pha long
bng H2O th khi lng cht tan c bo ton.Khi lng dd H2SO4 85%
l: (15,3 + 18c)
Ta c: C% =

13,77
(15,3 +18c )

.100% = 85%Gii phng trnh: c = 0,05 (mol)

Cht rn khng tan trong axit HCl l R, c khi lng 3,2g.MR =

3,2
0,05

64. Vy R l Cu.
Thay vo (I) ---> 40a + 102b = 12,2 (II)S mol NaOH = 0,82.1
= 0,82 (mol)
TH1: Phn ng 6 xy ra nhng Al(OH)3 tan cha ht. nNaOH = 2a + 6b + x
= 0,82 (III)
40a + 102(

2b x
2

) = 6,08

(IV)Gii h phng trnh (II) v (IV) c: x

= 0,12 (mol)
Thay vo (III) ---> 2a + 6b = 0,7 (III)/ Gii h phng trnh: (II) v (III)/
c: a = 0,05 v b = 0,1 %CuO = 24,69% ; %MgO = 12,35% v
%Al2O3 = 62,96%
TH2: Phn ng 6 xy ra v Al(OH)3 tan ht mrn = mMgO = 6,08g
nMgO = 6,08 : 40 = 0,152 mol
mAl 2 O 3 = 12,2 6,08 = 6,12 g
nAl 2 O 3 = 6,12 : 102 = 0,06 mol nNaOH = 2nMgO + 6nAl 2 O 3 = 2.0,152 +
6.0,06 = 0,664 mol
nAl(OH) 3 = 2nAl 2 O 3 = 0,12 mol
nNaOH d = 0,82 0,664 = 0,156 mol
Nhn thy: nNaOH d = 0,156 > nAl(OH) 3 = 0,12 mol => Al(OH)3 tan ht.
Tnh c: mCuO = 4g => %mCuO = 24,69% mMgO = 6,08g => %mMgO =
37,53%
mAl 2 O 3 = 6,12 => % mAl 2 O 3 = 37,78%

You might also like