Professional Documents
Culture Documents
KHOA IN IN T
B MN K THUT IN T
N TT NGHIP
TI
NG DNG GPS/GSM TRONG QUN L GIM
ST PHNG TIN C NHN
N TT NGHIP
LI M U
Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca cc ngnh khoa hc k thut,
cng ngh k thut in t m trong l k thut t ng iu khin ng vai tr
quan trng trong mi lnh vc khoa hc k thut, qun l, cng nghip, cung cp
thng tin ... Vi nhu cu thng tin ngy cng tng ca con ngi, mng vin thng
ra i p ng nhu cu . Hin nay, mng vin thng tr nn ph bin trn ton
cu, n khng ch p ng nhu cu trao i thng tin n thun (nghe, gi, nhn tin)
m chng ngy cng c ng dng rng ri vo nhiu lnh vc. Vi s pht trin
nhanh chng cc dch v v ng dng vic thng tin qua mng vin thng ngy tin
li, tit kim thi gian, m bo an ton v tit kim c chi ph s dng. Vi cht
lng mng vin thng nh hin nay to iu kin cho cc ng dng v iu khin
t xa ra i v cng ngy cng c ng dng rng ri.
X hi loi ngi pht trin i hi con ngi phi hot ng trong cc mi
trng phc tp v nguy him hn, khi iu khin t xa tr nn mt yu cu tt
yu. T nhng robot lm vic trong cc hm m, nh my in ht nhn, di y i
dng, robot chin trng hay cc robot khm ph cc hnh tinh xa xi u l cc
thnh tu cng ngh v iu khin t xa.
Vi iu kin c s vt cht hin c nc ta v nhu cu thc t. Th ng dng
iu khin cc thit b t xa qua mng GPRS/GPS v mng in thoi di ng GSM l
rt kh thi. ng dng ny s gip ngi iu khin c th qun l v iu khin cc
thit b mt cch nhanh chng, chnh xc, hiu qu m khng b gii hn v khong
cch ch cn ni c mng GPRS hoc mng di ng ph sng.
Xut pht t thc tin , em quyt nh nghin cu v thc hin ti:
NG DNG GPS/GSM TRONG QUN L GIM ST PHNG TIN C
NHN di s hng dn ca thy Trn Mnh Cng ging vin b mn K thut
in trng i hc Giao thng vn ti.
n c hon thnh nh s hng dn tn tnh v tm huyt ca thy Trn
Mnh Cng, cng nhng kin ng gp qu bu ca cc thy c trong b mn K
thut in t v s n lc c gng ca bn thn. Tuy nhin, do kin thc hiu bit v
thi gian hn hp nn n khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Knh mong s ng gp
kin ca thy c v cc bn n c hon thin hn trong thi gian cn li.
Qua y, em xin gi li cm n n cc thy, c gio Trng i hc Giao
Thng Vn Ti H Ni, b mn K Thut in T nhit tnh ging dy v truyn
t nhng kin thc, nhng kinh nghim qu gi trong sut 5 nm hc i hc.
SINH VIN V NH CHUNG
N TT NGHIP
N TT NGHIP
MC LC
LI M U ................................................................................................................ 1
CHNG I: TNG QUAN V CC H THNG GIM ST ......................................... 1
1.1.H thng gim st an ninh t xa. ........................................................................ 1
1.1.1.Nguyn tc hot ng c bn ca h thng gim st an ninh t xa. ........... 1
1.1.2.ng dng ca h thng gim st an ninh t xa. .......................................... 2
1.2H thng gim st giao thng. ............................................................................. 2
1.2.1.Gii thiu v h thng gim st giao thng. ................................................ 2
1.2.2.Mc ch ca h thng. ................................................................................ 3
1.2.3.Nguyn l ca h thng. ............................................................................... 3
1.2.4.c im ca h thng. ................................................................................ 3
1.2.5.Giao din phn mm. .................................................................................... 4
1.3.Gii thiu v ti. ............................................................................................. 4
1.3.1.Tnh cp thit ca ti. .............................................................................. 4
1.3.2.Mc ch v phng php nghin cu. ........................................................ 5
1.3.2.1.Mc ch. ............................................................................................... 5
1.3.2.2.Phng php nghin cu. ..................................................................... 5
1.3.3.Gii hn ti. ............................................................................................. 5
CHNG II GII THIU MODULE SIM900, SIM908 TP LNH AT COMMAND,
CM BIN CHUYN NG ................................................................................................ 6
2.1.Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM. .................................................. 6
2.1.1.Gii thiu v cng ngh GSM. ..................................................................... 6
2.1.2.c im cng ngh GSM. ........................................................................... 6
2.1.3.Cu trc mng GSM. .................................................................................... 6
2.2.Tng quan v h thng nh v ton cu GPS. .................................................... 8
2.2.1.Gii thiu v h thng nh v ton cu GPS. .............................................. 8
2.2.2.S hot ng ca h thng nh v GPS. ...................................................... 8
2.2.3. chnh xc ca h thng nh v GPS. ...................................................... 8
2.2.4.Cc thnh phn ca h thng nh v GPS. ................................................. 9
2.2.4.1.Phn khng gian. ................................................................................... 9
2.2.4.2.Phn kim sot. ..................................................................................... 9
2.2.4.3.Phn s dng. ....................................................................................... 10
2.3.Gii thiu phn cng SIM900. ........................................................................... 10
2.3.1.c im ca Sim900. ................................................................................ 10
2.3.2.Mch phn cng sim900. ............................................................................ 11
2.3.2.1.Khi ngun. .......................................................................................... 11
2.3.2.2.Tt\bt SIM900 s dng chn PWKEY. ............................................... 12
2.3.2.3.Ngun nui RTC. .................................................................................. 12
2.3.2.4.Giao tip ni tip. ................................................................................. 13
2.3.2.5.Giao tip m thanh. .............................................................................. 14
2.3.2.6.Giao tip Sim card. ............................................................................... 14
2.3.2.7.S ch th trng thi mng. ................................................................... 15
2.4.Gii thiu phn cng Sim908. ............................................................................ 16
2.4.1.c im ca Sim908. ................................................................................. 16
2.4.2.ng dng Sim908. ....................................................................................... 17
SINH VIN V NH CHUNG
N TT NGHIP
N TT NGHIP
N TT NGHIP
Danh mc cc hnh v:
Hnh 1: S h thng gim st an ninh t xa. ............................................................... 1
Hnh 2: M hnh h thng gim st giao thng. .............................................................. 2
Hnh 3: S nguyn l h thng gim st giao thng. .................................................. 3
Hnh 4: Hnh nh xe vi phm vt qu tc cho php. ................................................. 4
Hnh 5: Hnh nh xe vi phm vt n . ...................................................................... 4
Hnh 6: Cu trc mng GSM............................................................................................ 7
Hnh7: S chc nng SIM900 .................................................................................... 11
Hnh 8: Mch tham chiu cho ngun cp SIM900 .......................................................... 11
Hnh 9: Mch ng dng tt/bt SIM900. ........................................................................ 12
Hnh 10: Ngun cp RTC t pin sc li. ......................................................................... 12
Hnh 11: Ngun cp RTC t pin khng sc li. .............................................................. 12
Hnh 12: Ngun cp RTC t t in. ............................................................................... 12
Hnh 13 : Kt ni ca giao tip ni tip. ......................................................................... 13
Hnh 14 : Mch chuyn mc RS232 ................................................................................ 13
Hnh 15: Cu hnh giao tip Speaker .............................................................................. 14
Hnh 16 : Cu hnh giao tip tai nghe ............................................................................. 14
Hnh 17: Mch tham chiu cho simcard 8 chn. ............................................................ 15
Hnh 18: Mch tham chiu cho simcard 6 chn ............................................................. 15
Hnh 19: Mch tham chiu ca NETLIGHT. .................................................................. 16
Hnh 20: M hnh gim st hot ng phng tin giao thng. ..................................... 17
Hnh 21: Cu trc cm bin chuyn ng PIR. .............................................................. 18
Hnh 22: Nguyn l pht hin chuyn ng ngang ca cc ngun thn nhit. ............... 19
Hnh 23: Mch ng dng cm bin PIR ng ngt thit b qua rle.............................. 19
Hnh 24: Cu trc vi iu khin AVR. ............................................................................. 33
Hnh 25: B nh chng trnh c v khng s dng Bootloader. .................................. 34
Hnh 26: Cu trc b nh d liu. .................................................................................. 35
Hnh 27: S khi b nh thi 16 bit. ......................................................................... 38
Hnh 28: Cc ngt lng nhau. ......................................................................................... 46
Hnh 29: S khi b USART. ...................................................................................... 48
Hnh 30: S khi v cc mc logic trong khi pht xung ng h. ........................... 49
Hnh 31: Cu to bn ngoi DS1307. ............................................................................. 50
Hnh 32: S khi DS1307. .......................................................................................... 52
Hnh 33: Mch kt ni DS1307. ...................................................................................... 52
Hnh 34: Cu trc b nh DS1307. ................................................................................. 53
Hnh 35: Cu trc thanh ghi DS1307.............................................................................. 53
Hnh 36: S khi tng qut h thng qun l gim st phng tin c nhn. ........... 55
Hnh 37: S nguyn l khi ngun h thng. ............................................................. 57
Hnh 38: S nguyn l mch x l trung tm. ............................................................ 58
Hnh 39: S nguyn l mch Sim908. ........................................................................ 58
Hnh 40: S nguyn l mch iu khin chnh. .......................................................... 59
Hnh 41: Mch x l trung tm. ...................................................................................... 59
Hnh 42: Mch Sim908. ................................................................................................... 60
Hnh 43: Mch iu khin chnh. .................................................................................... 60
Hnh 44: Lu thut ton chng trnh chnh. ............................................................ 61
SINH VIN V NH CHUNG
N TT NGHIP
N TT NGHIP
Danh mc cc bng:
Bng1: nh ngha cc chn giao tip sim. .............................................................. 14
Bng 2: Bng trng thi lm vic ca NETLIGHT. ..................................................15
Bng 3: Chc nng cc lnh GPRS. .........................................................................26
Bng 4: Chc nng cc lnh GPS. ............................................................................27
Bng 5: Cu hnh cho cc chn cng. .......................................................................38
Bng 6: u ra so snh ch non-PWM. ............................................................... 40
Bng 7: u ra so snh ch fast-PWM. ............................................................... 40
Bng 8: u ra so snh ch PWM hiu chnh pha v tn s. .............................. 40
Bng 9: La chn cc ch thc thi ca b nh thi 1. .......................................41
Bng 10: La chn tc xung clock. ......................................................................42
Bng 12: iu khin kiu bt mu ngt. ...................................................................47
Bng 13: Phng trnh tnh ton ci t thanh ghi tc truyn. ........................... 49
N TT NGHIP
CH VIT
TT
GSM
GPRS
GPS
PDA
AT
THUT NG
TING ANH
Global System for
MobileCommunications
General Packet Radio
Service
Global Positioning
System
Personal Digital
Assistant
AT Command
CR
Carriage return
LF
Line Feed
DTE
DCE
10
RTC
Data Terminal
Equipment
Data Communications
Equipment
Real Time Clock
11
TxD
Transmit data
ng truyn d liu.
12
RxD
Receive data
ng nhn d liu.
13
MT
Mobile Terminal
14
TE
Terminal Equipment
15
BSS
16
TRAU
17
BSC
18
BTS
Base Station
Subsystem.
Transcoding Rate and B chuyn i m v phi hp tc
Adaption Unit
.
Base Station Controller B iu khin trm gc.
Base Transceiver
Station
CHNG I
TNG QUAN V CC H THNG GIM ST
1.1. H thng gim st an ninh t xa.
1.2.4. c im ca h thng.
Ton b thng tin v xe vi phm c t ng in ra ngay ti thi im xe vi
phm hoc xut ra di nhiu dng bo co khc nhau.
M hnh qun l Client Sever gip cho vic qun l nhiu im vi phm giao
thng c d dng v tp trung ti trung tm iu hnh giao thng.
H thng c th kt ni vi c s d liu ng k xe trn ton quc. V vy c
th bit c y thng tin v xe v ch xe.
1.3.
CHNG II
GII THIU MODULE SIM900, SIM908
TP LNH AT COMMAND, CM BIN CHUYN NG
2.1. Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM.
2.1.1. Gii thiu v cng ngh GSM.
H thng thng tin di ng ton cu (Global System for Mobile
Communications vit tt: GSM) l mt cng ngh dng cho mng thng tin di ng.
Dch v GSM c s dng bi hn 2 t ngi trn 212 quc gia v vng lnh th.
Cc mng thng tin di ng GSM cho php c th roaming vi nhau do nhng my
in thoi di ng GSM ca cc mng GSM khc nhau vn c th s dng c nhiu
ni trn th gii.
GSM l chun ph bin nht cho in thoi di ng trn th gii. Kh nng ph
sng rng khp ni ca chun GSM lm cho n tr nn ph bin trn th gii, cho
php ngi s dng c th s dng in thoi di ng ca h nhiu vng trn th
gii. GSM khc vi cc chun tin thn ca n v c tn hiu v tc , cht lng
cuc gi. N c xem nh l mt h thng in thoi di ng th h th hai (Second
Generation 2G). GSM l mt chun m, hin ti n c pht trin bi 3rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). ng v pha quan im khch hng, li th
chnh ca GSM l cht lng cuc gi tt hn, gi thnh thp v dch v tin nhn.
Thun li i vi nh iu hnh mng l kh nng trin khai thit b t nhiu ngi
cung ng. GSM cho php nh iu hnh mng c th sn sng dch v khp ni, v
th ngi s dng c th s dng in thoi ca h khp ni trn th gii.
2.1.2. c im cng ngh GSM.
GSM l mng in thoi di ng thit k gm nhiu t bo (cell) do cc my
in thoi di ng kt ni vi mng bng cch tm kim cc cell gn n nht.
Cc mng di ng GSM hot ng trn 4 bng tn. Hu ht th hot ng
bng tn 900 MHz v 1800 MHz.
S dng cng ngh phn chia theo thi gian TDM (time division multiplexing),
cho php truyn 8 knh thoi ton tc hay 16 knh thoi bn tc trn 1 knh v tuyn.
Tc truyn d liu cho c 8 knh l 270.833 kbit/s v chu k ca mt khung
l 4.615 m.
2.1.3. Cu trc mng GSM.
Mt s phn khc phc v vic cung cp cc dch v cho mng GSM nh gi,
nhn tin SMS
2.2. Tng quan v h thng nh v ton cu GPS.
2.2.1. Gii thiu v h thng nh v ton cu GPS.
H thng nh v ton cu (Global Positioning System - GPS) l h thng xc
nh v tr da trn v tr ca cc v tinh nhn to, do B quc phng Hoa K thit k,
xy dng, vn hnh v qun l. Trong cng mt thi im, ta ca mt im trn
mt t s c xc nh nu xc nh c khong cch t im n t nht ba v
tinh.
Tuy c qun l bi B quc phng Hoa K, chnh ph Hoa K vn cho php
mi ngi trn th gii s dng mt s chc nng ca GPS min ph, bt k quc gia
no.
2.2.2. S hot ng ca h thng nh v GPS.
Cc v tinh GPS bay vng quanh Tri t hai ln trong mt ngy theo mt qu
o rt chnh xc v pht tn hiu c thng tin xung Tri t. Cc my thu GPS nhn
thng tin ny v bng php tnh lng gic s tnh c chnh xc v tr ca ngi
dng. V bn cht my thu GPS so snh thi gian tn hiu c pht i t v tinh vi
thi gian nhn c chng. Sai lch v thi gian cho bit my thu GPS cch v tinh
bao xa. Ri vi nhiu qung cch o c ti nhiu v tinh my thu c th tnh c
v tr ca ngi dng v hin th ln bn in t ca my.
My thu phi nhn c tn hiu ca t nht ba v tinh tnh ra v tr hai chiu
(kinh v v ) v theo di c chuyn ng. Khi nhn c tn hiu ca t nht
4 v tinh th my thu c th tnh c v tr ba chiu (kinh , v v cao). Mt
khi v tr ngi dng tnh c th my thu GPS c th tnh cc thng tin khc, nh
tc , hng chuyn ng, bm st di chuyn, khong hnh trnh, khong cch ti
im n, thi gian mt tri mc, ln v nhiu th khc na.
2.2.3. chnh xc ca h thng nh v GPS.
Cc my thu GPS ngy nay cc k chnh xc, nh vo thit k nhiu knh hot
ng song song ca chng. Cc my thu 12 knh song song (ca Garmin) nhanh chng
kha vo cc qu v tinh khi mi bt ln v chng duy tr kt ni bn vng, thm ch
trong tn l rm rp hoc thnh ph vi cc to nh cao tng. Trng thi ca kh quyn
v cc ngun gy http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai_s%E1%BB%91 sai s khc c th
10
11
12
13
14
15
Cng ni tip v cng debug gip ngi dng d dng pht trin cc ng dng.
Bn phm v giao din hin th SPI s mang li cho ngi dng s linh hot
pht trin cc ng dng.
SINH VIN V NH CHUNG
16
SIM908 c thit k vi k thut tit kim nng lng cho s tiu th dng
nh 1mA trong ch SLEEP.
2.5.
17
18
Hnh 22: Nguyn l pht hin chuyn ng ngang ca cc ngun thn nhit.
Hnh 23: Mch ng dng cm bin PIR ng ngt thit b qua rle.
19
20
21
22
23
T SMS-DELIVER:
+CMGR:<stat>,<oa>,[<alpha>],<scts>[,<tooa>,<fo>,<pid>,<dcs>,<sca>,<tosca>,<
length>]<CR><LF><data>
T SMS-SUBMIT:
+CMGR:<stat>,<da>,[<alpha>][,<toda>,<fo>,<pid>,<dcs>,[<vp>],<sca>,<tosca>,<
length>]<CR><LF><data>
+CMGR: <stat>,<fo>,<mr>,[<ra>],[<tora>],<scts>,<dt>,<st>
T SMS-COMMANDS:
+CMGR:<stat>,<fo>,<ct>[,<pid>,[<mn>],[<da>],[<toda>],<length><CR><LF><c
data>]
T CBM storage
+CMGR:<stat>,<sn>,<mid>,<dcs>,<page>,<pages><CR><LF><data>
Nu d liu tr v dng PDU(mode=0):
+CMGR: <stat>,[<alpha>],<length><CR><LF><pdu>
24
25
OK
Dng PDU: +CMGS: <mr> [,<ackpdu>]
OK
Nu lnh b li th d liu tr v dng: +CMS ERROR: <err>
Lnh bo hiu tin nhn mi:
AT+CNMI=[<mode>[,<mt>[,<bm> [,<ds>[,<bfr>]]]]]
Nu lnh c thc hin ng th d liu tr v dng: OK
Nu lnh b li th d liu tr v dng: +CMS ERROR: <err>
2.6.5. Cc lnh v GPRS.
Bng 3: Chc nng cc lnh GPRS.
STT
Lnh
AT+CGATT
AT+CGDCONT
AT+CGQMIN
AT+CGQREQ
AT+CGDATA
AT+CGREG
AT+CGCOUNT
m gi d liu vo.
26
Lnh
Chc nng
AT+CGPSPWR
AT+CGPSRST
t li ch GPS(Hot/Warm/Cold).
AT+CGPSINF
AT+CGPSOUT
AT+CGPSSTATUS
AT+CGPSIPR
Set tc baudrate.
27
28
29
30
31
CHNG III
KHO ST VI IU KHIN ATMEGA128 DS1307
Tng quan vi iu khin AVR.
Vi iu khin AVR do hng Atmel ( Hoa K ) sn xut c gii thiu ln u
nm 1996. AVR c rt nhiu dng khc nhau bao gm dng Tiny AVR ( nh AT tiny
13, AT tiny 22) c kch thc b nh nh, t b phn ngoi vi, ri n dng AVR
(chng hn AT90S8535, AT90S8515,) c kch thc b nh vo loi trung bnh v
mnh hn l dng Mega (nh ATmega32, ATmega128,) vi b nh c kch thc
vi Kbyte n vi trm Kb cng vi cc b ngoi vi a dng c tch hp trn chip,
cng c dng tch hp c b LCD trn chip (dng LCD AVR ). Tc ca dng Mega
cng cao hn so vi cc dng khc. S khc nhau c bn gia cc dng chnh l cu
trc ngoi vi, cn nhn th vn nh nhau. t bit, nm 2008, Atmel li tip tc cho ra
i dng AVR mi l XmegaAVR, vi nhng tnh nng mnh m cha tng c cc
dng AVR trc . C th ni XmegaAVR l dng MCU 8 bit mnh m nht hin
nay.
3.1.1. c tnh vi iu khin ATmeg128.
ROM : 128 Kbytes
SRAM: 4Kbytes
EEPROM : 4Kbytes
64 thanh ghi I/O
160 thanh ghi vo ra m rng
32 thanh ghi a mc ch.
2 b nh thi 8 bit (0,2).
2 b nh thi 16 bit (1,3).
B nh thi watchdog
B dao ng ni RC tn s 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz
ADC 8 knh vi phn gii 10 bit ( dng Xmega ln ti 12 bit )
2 knh PWM 8 bit
6 knh PWM c th lp trnh thay i phn gii t 2 ti 16 bit
B so snh tng t c th la chn ng vo
Hai khi USART lp trnh c
Khi truyn nhn ni tip SPI
Khi giao tip ni tip 2 dy TWI
H tr boot loader
6 ch tit kim nng lng
La chn tn s hot ng bng phn mm
ng gi 64 chn kiu TQFP.
Tn s ti a 16MHz
in th : 4.5v - 5.5v
3.1.
32
33
34
35
36
PDU
I/O
Pull-up
Ch thch
Ng vo
Khng
Cao tr.
Ng vo
Nh 1 ngun dng.
37
Ng vo
Khng
Cao tr.
Ng ra
Khng
Ng ra thp.
Ng ra
Ng ra cao.
3.1.3.1. Cc nh ngha.
Cc nh ngha sau s c s dng cho b nh thi 1 v 3 :
o BOTTOM : B m t ti gi tr BOTTOM khi n c gi tr 0000h
o MAX
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
S khi ca b USART phn chia thnh ba phn r rng: Khi to xung clock
(Clock Generator), Khi truyn (Transmitter) v Khi nhn (Receiver). Cn cc thanh
ghi iu khin USART c dng chung.
Khi to xung clock logic bao gm logic ng b cho u vo ng h bn
ngoi s dng bi hot ng ca mt slave ng b v b pht tc truyn. Chn
XCK (Transfer Clock) ch c s dng trong trong ch truyn ng b.
Khi truyn bao gm mt b m ghi, mt thanh ghi dch ni tip, b pht kim
tra li chn l v iu khin logic x l cc nh dng khung ni tip khc nhau. B
m ghi cho php truyn d liu lin tc m khng cn bt k khong thi gian tr
gia cc khung.
Khi nhn l phn phc tp nht ca module USART bi ng h ca n v
cc thit b phc hi d liu. Cc thit b phc hi d liu c s dng nhn cc
SINH VIN V NH CHUNG
48
M t cc tn hiu:
Txclk: ng h truyn (Tn hiu ni).
Rxclk: ng h nhn (Tn hiu ni).
Xcki: u vo t chn XCK (Tn hiu ni). S dng cho slave ng b hot
ng.
Xcko: ng h u ra t chn XCK (Tn hiu ni). S dng cho master ng
b hot ng.
Fosc: Tn s chn XTAL (ng h h thng).
49
3.2.2. M t.
DS1307 l chip ng h thi gian thc, khi nim thi gian thc y dng vi
ngha l thi gian tuyt i m con ngi ang s dng, tnh bng giy, pht,
gi.DS1307 gm 7 thanh ghi 8 bits cha thi gian l: giy, pht, gi, th (trong
tun), ngy, thng, nm. Ngoi ra, DS1307 cn c mt thanh ghi iu khin ng ra ph
v 56 thanh ghi trng c th dng nh RAM. DS1307 c c v ghi thng qua giao
din ni tip I2C nn cu to bn ngoi rt n gin. DS1307 xut hin 2 gi SOIC
v DIP c 8 chn nh hnh di:
50
51
52
Thanh ghi giy (SECONDS): Thanh ghi ny l thanh ghi u tin trong b
nh ca DS1307, a ch ca n l 0x00. 4 bits thp ca thanh ghi ny cha m BCD 4
bits ca ch s hng n v ca gi tr giy. Do gi tr cao nht ca ch s chng chc
l 5 nn ch cn 3 bit(SECONDS64) l c th m ha c(5=101). Bit cao nht,
bit 7 trong thanh ghi ny l 1bit iu khin c tn CH (Clock halt-treo ng h), nu
bit ny c set bng 1 th b dao ng trong chip b v hiu ha, ng h khng hot
ng. V vy, nht thit phi reset bit ny xung 0 ngay t u.
Thanh ghi pht (MINUTES): C a ch 0x01, cha gi tr pht ca ng
h.Tng t nh thanh ghi SECONDS, ch c 7 bit ca thanh ghi ny c dng lu
m BCD ca pht, bit 7 lun =0.
SINH VIN V NH CHUNG
53
Ngoi ra, cc thanh ghi trong b nh, DS1307 cn c mt thanh ghi khc nm
ring gi l con tr a ch hay thanh ghi a ch (Address Register). Gi tr ca thanh
ghi ny l a ch ca thanh ghi trong b nh m ngi dng mun truy cp. Gi tr
ca thanh ghi a ch c set trong lnh Write.
54
55
CHNG IV
THIT K V THI CNG
4.1. Phng n thit k.
H thng c thit k gm 2 khi chnh:
Khi x l ti trung tm: S dng module GSM Sim900 kt ni vi my tnh
nhn d liu v hin th trn phn mm qun l, truyn d liu iu khin.
Khi x l gn trn phng tin: S dng module Sim908 kt hp vi vi iu
khin xc nh v tr, vn tc v trng thi ca phng tin, gi d liu v mch
trung tm, ng thi nhn v x l d liu trung tm gi n.
Thit k giao din qun l trn phn mm C#.
4.2.
Hnh 36: S khi tng qut h thng qun l gim st phng tin c nhn.
55
56
57
58
59
60
Khi to d liu
truyn USART
Bo c tin nhn mi
X l tin nhn v iu
khin thit b
61
Kim tra
mt khu?
Bo sai mt khu
Kim tra c
php?
Bo sai c php
iu khin thit b
Kt thc
Hnh 45: Lu thut ton x l tin nhn.
x l tin nhn, trc tin vi iu khin thc hin tch ly phn ni dung ca
tin nhn v s in thoi gi tin nhn ti. Sau vi iu khin s tin hnh phn
tch ni dung lnh iu khin. Trc tin l kim tra mt khu, nu mt khu sai vi
iu khin s thc hin gi tin nhn bo sai mt khu cho thu bao gi tin nhn iu
khin. Nu mt khu l ng, s kim tra tip c php iu khin, nu c php ng, vi
iu khin s tin hnh iu khin thit b, nu khng s thc hin gi tin nhn bo
sai c php cho thu bao gi tin nhn iu khin.
62
Thit lp b nh
lu d liu
C d liu
n?
Nhn k t
S
K t kt
thc?
Lu k t
Tng a ch lu
Kt thc
Hnh 46: Lu thut ton nhn d liu.
ang bn
gi?
S
S
Gi k t, Tng ln
k t tip theo.
K t cui?
Kt thc
63
K t u s
in thoi?
K t u
d liu?
Ly a ch u d liu
Ly k t u s in thoi.
Tng ln n k t tip
theo
a ch cui
d liu?
Kt thc
Hnh 48: Lu chng trnh ly d liu.
Thit b m?
Kt thc
Hnh 49: Lu chng trnh con iu khin m thit b.
64
Tt thit b
Thit b tt?
Kt thc
Gi chui: AT+CMGS=
Gi S in thoi
Ch module sim
gi k t >
1
Gi ni dung
Gi k t Ctrl+Z
Kt thc
Hnh 51: Lu thut ton gi tin nhn.
65
66
67
Cu trc form bao gm: Cc button (Kt Ni, Ngt, Xa, Thot), cc TextBox, v
cc ComboBox (COM, BaudRate, Data Bits, Parity, Stop Bit).
Toolbox cha cc Controls. y s
dng Common Controls.
Cc Button to nt nhn.
68
Sau khi hon thnh vic thit k giao din v t tn cho cc thuc tnh, ta tin
hnh vit code cho project. vo mi trng vit code kch phi vo giao din, chn
ViewCode.
Ngoi cc th vin sn c, ta thm cc th vin sau thc hin cc chc nng
SerialPost.
Using System.IO.
Using System.IO.Ports.
Using System.xml.
Trong namespace ta vit on code sau:
SINH VIN V NH CHUNG
69
70
Cng vic khi to hon tt, cn by gi l cng vic quan trng nht.
chnh l xy dng cc hm, th tc cho vic nhn v truyn d liu qua COM.
// Hm ny c s kin nhn d liu gi n. Mc ch hin th.
private void DataReceive(object obj, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
InputData = P.ReadExisting();
SINH VIN V NH CHUNG
71
72
73
74
75
CHNG V: TNG KT
CHNG V
KT QU THC NGHIM V HNG PHT TRIN
5.1. Kt qu thc hin n.
Qua thi gian nghin cu, thi cng n c bn c hon thnh. Bng s
n lc c gng ca bn thn v s phn chia thi gian thc hin hp l, bn cnh
cn l s hng dn nhit tnh, tn tm ca thy Trn Mnh Cng, n ny c
hon thnh ng thi gian nh nh v t c yu cu t ra theo yu cu l
thit k v thi cng h thng qun l, gim st phng tin c nhn. Trong qu trnh
thc hin ti, em thu c nhng kt qu nht nh nh sau:
Mch in vi cc module nh trn mch c thit k, thi cng hon chnh v
c th nghim nhiu ln v hot ng n nh trong thc t.
Xy dng c m hnh ng dng iu khin cc thit b v h thng bo
ng.
n trnh by kh y v chc nng, cu trc ca tng khi module nh
trn board mch in tch hp. Nh vy, gip ngi c c th nm bt, hiu c
chc nng ca tng module mt cch d dng. Bn cnh , ni dung ca n c
trnh by kh chi tit r rng bng cch s dng nhng t ng thng dng, cc hnh
nh i km gip ngi c d hiu v c th thc hin mt cch tng t, t hiu qu
trong mt thi gian ngn.
H thng qun l gim st phng tin c nhn c thc hin nh trong n
l mt h thng vi cc chc nng t c nh sau:
H thng c th iu khin tt/ bt ngun cp cho phng tin t xa thng qua
tin nhn SMS:
+ Sau khi gi tin nhn th vi ni dng tin nhn , b x l s thc thi qu
trnh x l, sau l iu khin thit b mt cch t ng.
+ H thng c kh nng c bo v tt, ngha l ngi s dng phi bit lnh
iu khin v mt khu (password) th mi ng nhp c vo h thng i vi s
dng tin nhn SMS.
H thng c chc nng cnh bo s c :
+ Mt cm bin chuyn ng c thit k, lp trnh kt hp vi trung tm x
l c kh nng gi thng tin d liu ti trung tm x l. Ngoi ra cn c kh nng gi
76
CHNG V: TNG KT
tin nhn ngc li cho ngi iu khin v t ng thi hnh cc thao tc c lp trnh
sn khi c bo ng xy ra.
thc hin c cc chc nng nu trn, em tm hiu, nghin cu cc vn
c lin quan ti ti nh : h vi iu khin AVR, Module Sim908, Module
Sim900, cc ngn ng lp trnh tng ng nh Codevision, b lnh AT Command
dnh cho Module, v cc vn khc lin quan ti ti.
Sau thi gian thc hin, n c hon thnh ng thi gian cho php v
trnh by kh y cc mng kin thc lin quan, cc vn lin quan ti n.
Song do kin thc bn thn cn hn ch v thi gian thc hin ngn nn n khng
trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca thy c
v cc bn em hon thin hn na n ca mnh.
5.2.
77
CHNG V: TNG KT
78
CHNG V: TNG KT
Sau khi kt ni cc khi v cp ngun cho thit b. D liu kinh v v ca
phng tin c thu t v tinh qua vi x l hin th trn mn hnh LCD. Mt role
c thit k ng ngt ngun cp cho phng tin mi khi xy ra s c.
Khi pht hin c s c mt cp (pht hin thng qua cm bin chuyn ng),
khi vi x l s t ng gi v trung tm ta cng nh thi gian phng tin xy ra
s c. Ti trung tm trn mn hnh qun l s a ra cnh bo v v tr ca xe.
79
CHNG V: TNG KT
Khi nhn thy c cnh bo, ngi qun l mun bit chnh xc v tr v cc thng
tin lin quan n phng tin cn nhn vo button Local Vehide. Khi v tr cng
nh cc thng tin v phng tin c hin th trc quan trn mn hnh, t ngi
qun l s a ra c cc gii php khc phc ti u nht.
80
CHNG V: TNG KT
5.1. Hng pht trin ca ti.
Do thi gian thc hin ti c hn v lng kin thc bn thn cn hn ch
nn n mi ch p ng c mt phn nh ca mt h thng hon chnh. V vy,
n ny thm phong ph hn, mang nhiu tnh thc t hn na, c kh nng ng
dng cao hn th cn a thm vo nhng yu cu nh sau:
Ngoi vic iu khin gim st bng tin nhn SMS, ta cng c th iu khin
Camera chp hnh ri sau gi tin nhn a phng tin n in thoi.
S dng thm nhiu loi cm bin khc, chng hn nh cm bin nhit
o nhit lm vic ca phng tin, cm bin xng o mc tiu hao nhin liu, h
thng bo chy t ng ng dng vo n.
M rng iu khin c nhiu hn na cc thit b gn trn phng tin.
Phn cng cho mi module cn c tch ri nhm d dng cho vic chnh
sa, thay i.
Hy vng vi nhng hng pht trin nu trn cng vi nhng kin ng gp
ca cc thy c v cc bn, nhng ngi i sau s pht trin hn na ti ny, khc
phc nhng hn ch, tn ti ca ti, lm cho ti tr nn phong ph hn, mang
tnh ng dng cao hn vo trong thc t cuc sng, phc v cho nhng li ch ca con
ngi trong tng lai.
81
CHNG V: TNG KT
www.codeproject.com
www.alldatasheet.com
www.dientuvietnam.com
www.picvietnam.com
www.congdongcviet.com
82