MY

NNG
CHUYN
Trnh ng Tnh
B mn C s Thit k my v Rbt
i hc Bch khoa H ni
V tr v mc ch mn hc
Chuyn tip gia cc mn hc c s v
chuyn ngnh
i tng l thit b tng th, khng cn l
cc chi tit ring l nh trong cc mn hc
c s.
Cng c li cc kin thc hc nh
Sc bn VL, Nguyn l my, Chi tit my
i tng nghin cu
Phng tin c gii ha vic nng/h
v vn chuyn vt nng.
Cc thit b dng vn chuyn vt liu
vi s lng ln.
Ni dung mn hc
Cc b phn v thit b my nng.
My chuyn lin tc.
Yu cu v an ton thit b nng.
Yu cu vi hc vin
Nm c cc ni dung sau:
Cu to, c im cu to ca mt s b
phn v thit b my nng v my chuyn
lin tc.
Phng php tnh ton mt s b phn v
thit b my nng v my chuyn lin tc.
Yu cu v an ton thit b nng.
Ti liu tham kho chnh
[1]. o Trng Thng:
My nng chuyn. HBK HN, 1993
[2]. Hunh Vn Hong, o Trng Thng:
Tnh ton my trc. Nxb KHKT, HN, 1975
[3]. Trng Quc Thnh, Phm Quang Dng:
My v thit b nng. Nxb KHKT, HN, 2002
[4]. Cc tiu chun lin quan.
next
Xem chi tit
Ti liu tham kho
1. o Trng Thng: My nng chuyn. HBK H Ni, 1993
2. Hunh Vn Hong, o Trng Thng: Tnh ton my trc.
Nxb KHKT, H Ni, 1975
3. Trng Quc Thnh, Phm Quang Dng: My v thit b nng.
Nxb KHKT, H Ni, 2002
4. TCVN 5864-1995. Thit b nng. Cp thp, tang, rng rc, xch
v a xch. Yu cu an ton.
5. TCVN 5862-1995. Thit b nng. Ch lm vic.
6. TCVN 6395:1998. Thang my in. Yu cu an ton v cu to
v lp t.
7. TCVN 4244-86. Thit b nng. Ch lm vic
8. TCVN 5744-1993. Ph lc 2: Tiu chun loi b cp thp.
9. OCT 1576-71.
Back
M u
CC C TNH C BN
CA MY NNG
0-2
1. Trng ti
Khi lng ln nht ca vt nng m
my c php vn hnh theo thit k.
Trng ti Q (tn) thng c thit k
theo dy tiu chun.
Cm nng vt ti.
0-3
2. Vng phc v
Chiu cao nng H (m).
Khu v hnh trnh (vi cn trc
dng cu) hoc tm vi v gc quay
(vi cn trc quay).
0-4
Chiu cao nng H (m)
L khong cch
o t sn lm
vic n tm mc
v tr cao nht
Khu L
0-5
Khu v hnh trnh (m)
Khu l
khong cch gia
2 ng ray di
chuyn cu.
Hnh trnh l
qung ng cn
di chuyn theo
phng dc ray.
Khu L
Ray
0-6
Tm vi (m) v gc xoay
Tm vi l khong
cch gia tm quay
v tm mc v tr
xa nht.
Gc xoay ca cn
quanh tm quay. Cn
trc quay ngoi tri
thng c kh nng
quay trn vng.
Tm vi L
Ct
Cn
0-7
3. Cc vn tc chuyn ng
Cu trc c cc c cu to chuyn ng sau:
C cu nng to chuyn ng ln xung
C cu di chuyn xe con chuyn ng ngang
C cu di chuyn cu chuyn ng dc
Cn trc quay c cc c cu to chuyn ng:
C cu quay to chuyn ng quay ca cn
C cu nng cn, C cu thay i tm vi
0-8
Cc vn tc chuyn ng
Cc vn tc chuyn ng l vn tc cc c cu
trn. Vi cn trc thng dng, vn tc ly trong
khong sau:
Vn tc nng: v
n
= 6 12 m/ph
Vn tc di chuyn xe con: v
x
= 15 20 m/ph
Vn tc di chuyn cu: v
c
= 20 40 m/ph
Vn tc quay: n
q
= 0,5 3,0 v/ph
0-9
4. Ch lm vic (CLV)
Phn nh c tnh lm vic c th ca loi thit b
ny: ng m nhiu ln v lm vic vi ti khc nhau.
Cng trng ti v cc c tnh khc nhng mi my
nng c th c s dng vi thi gian v mc ti
nng nh khc nhau.
Do vy nu thit k nh nhau th hoc s tha an ton
(lng ph) hoc s khng an ton.
CLV c phn nh trong tng bc tnh ton thit
k cc b phn trong c cu v my nng.
CLV l c tnh ring, c a vo nhm mc ch
tit kim m vn m bo an ton khi s dng.
0-10
Cch phn nhm CLV
Tiu chun quy nh cch phn nhm CLV.
Theo TCVN 4244-86, c cu nng c phn
thnh 5 nhm: Quay tay, Nh, Trung bnh, Nng
v Rt nng da trn nhiu ch tiu khc nhau.
CLV ca my nng c ly theo CLV ca c cu
nng.
Cch phn nhm ny c mt s nhc im:
Khng tng thch vi cc tiu chun khc
Qu nhiu ch tiu v phi hp khng nht qun
0-11
Cch phn nhm CLV
theo 2 ch tiu
TCVN 5462-1995 phn loi c cu v my nng
c lp vi cng phng php v ch da trn 2 ch
tiu: cp s dng (CSD) v cp ti (CT).
Cch phn nhm CLV ny tng thch ISO.
Cc ch tiu phn nh r nt hn mc ph hy
(mi) ca cc chi tit
Nht qun trong cch phn nhm CLV
Cc c cu phn thnh 8 nhm CLV: M1 M8
My nng phn thnh 8 nhm CLV: A1 A8
Xem chi tit
0-12
Tm tt
Cc c tnh c bn ca my nng
Mc ch, ngha ca CLV
Cch phn nhm CLV theo 2 ch tiu
(TCVN 5462-1995)
Vi CCN, CLV gm nhng nhm no? Vi MN
gm nhng nhm no?
Cc ch tiu cp ti v cp s dng vi CCN v MN
Phi hp cc ch tiu ny c CLV.
next
P0-13
Dy tiu chun v trng ti
(tn)
- -- - - - - 0,05 - -
0,1 -- 0,2 0,25 0,32 0,4 0,5 0,63 0,8
1 1,25 1,6 2 2,5 3,2 4 5 6,3 8
10 12,5 16 20 25 32 40 50 63 80
100 125 160 200 250 320 400 500 630 800
140 180 225 280 360 450 550 710 900
1000
* Theo GOST 1575-61
Back
P0-14
CLV TCVN 5462-1995
Cc ch tiu phn nhm CLV cho cc c cu
* Ch tiu 1: Cp s dng - gm 10 cp T
0
T
9
tu theo s
gi lm vic trong c i my:
CSD T
0
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
T
5
T
6
T
7
T
8
T
9
t
E
(h) < 200 400 800 1600 3200 6300 12500 25000 50000 100000
* Ch tiu 2: Cp ti - c 4 cp L1 L4 tu h s ph ti
CT L1 L2 L3 L4
Km < 0,125 0,25 0,50 1,0
P
i
l cng sut ca c cu lm vic trong thi gian t
i
E

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
t
t
P
P
K
i
3
max
i
m
Next
P0-15
CLV TCVN 5462-1995
Phn nhm CLV cho cc c cu
Next
CSD
CT
T
0
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
T
5
T
6
T
7
T
8
T
9
L1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
L2 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
L3 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
L4 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
P0-16
CLV TCVN 5462-1995
Cc ch tiu phn nhm CLV cho MN
* Ch tiu 1: Cp s dng - gm 10 cp U
0
U
9
tu theo s
chu trnh lm vic trong c i my:
CSD U
0
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
U
5
U
6
U
7
U
8
U
9
c
E
(x10
4
) < 1,6 3,2 6,3 12,5 25 50 100 200 400 >400
* Ch tiu 2: Cp ti - c 4 cp Q1 Q4 tu h s ph ti
CT Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Km < 0,125 0,25 0,50 1,0
P
i
l tng cng sut ca cc c cu lm vic trong chu trnh c
i
E

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
C
C
P
P
K
I
3
max
i
m
Next
P0-17
CLV TCVN 5462-1995
Phn nhm CLV cho my nng
CSD
CT
U
0
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
U
5
U
6
U
7
U
8
U
9
Q1 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
Q2 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
Q3 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
Q4 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
Back
Phn I
CC CHI TIT V THIT B
MY NNG
Chng 1
S CU TO
C CU NNG
1-3
1.1. C cu nng n gin
nng vt Q cn iu
kin:
Tp = Tv
Tv = S.D
0
/ 2
Tp = P.R
S = Q
Q = S = 2.P.R / D
0
Khng th nng ti ln !
Lm th no ?
P
R
Do
S
Q
1
2
3
1. Tang
2. Tay quay
3. Dy
Tv
Tp
1-4
Gii php tng trng ti Q
Thc t Tp << Tv nn
nng c th:
Gim Tv bng cch gim
lc cng dy S qua
h thng palng.
Tng Tp bng cch
khuch i mmen xon
qua cc b truyn gim
tc hoc/v ng c.
P
Q
Q
2
3
1
1-5
1.2. C cu nng hin i
Cc b phn chnh:
B phn mang ti
Palng
Tang cun cp
B truyn
B phn pht ng
B phn phanh hm.
a,
p
Q
D o
t
2
3
1
u 1, 1
u
2
,
1-6
V d
1-7
1.3. Cc quan h tnh v ng hc
Cng sut ng c
T s truyn
M men xon trn
trc khi nng v
khi h
n
yc
Q.v
P , kW
60000.
c c 0
0
t n
n n . .D
u
n v a
0 0
1
0 p t 0 0
Q.D QD
T
2au 2au
0 p t 0
'
0
1
0 0
Q.D
QD
T
2au 2au
1-8
Tm tt
S pht trin ca CCN
Cc b phn chnh trong CCN hin i
Cc quan h tnh hc v ng hc
Cng sut yu cu ca ng c
T s truyn
Mmen xon trn cc trc khi nng v khi h
next
P1-9
V d v Palng (a
= 2)
Rng rc
di ng
Rng rc
c nh
Cc hnh nh ly t
www.wikipedia.com
Next
P1-10
V d v Palng (a = 4)
2 rng rc
di ng
2 rng rc
c nh
Cc hnh nh ly t
www.wikipedia.com
Q
S
S khai trin
End
Chng 2
B PHN MANG TI
2-2
Phn loi
Mc
B phn mang ti vn nng, c th s dng cho vt liu
bt k.
Cp gi
B phn mang ti chuyn dng vi vt liu khi.
Thng s dng vi loi vt liu c hnh dng v kch
thc nht nh.
Gu ngom
B phn mang ti chuyn dng vi vt liu ri.
2-3
2.1. Mc
Mc n: khi trng
ti nh v va
Mc 2 ngnh: khi
trng ti va v ln
Vt liu: thp t
ccbon, thng
dung thp 20.
Phng php
ch to mc:
Rn
Dp
c
2-4
Mc tiu chun
Tit din thn mc c dng hnh
thang cong: m bo bn u,
khi lng nh nht.
Khng cn tnh mc tiu chun, ch
cn chn theo ng trng ti.
Vi mc khng tiu chun cn kim
nghim v bn ti cc tit din
nguy him: cung mc v 2 tit din
trn thn mc.
cung
mc
thn
mc
2-5
Mc tm
Mc tm: khi trng
ti ln v rt ln
Khi trng ti ln v rt ln
ch to mc bng rn/dp
kh v t nn thng dng
mc tm.
Ch to mc bng cch ct
cc tm thp thnh hnh
dng mc, sau lin kt
cc tm bng inh tn.
C th thay th cc tm khi
cn thit.
2-6
Tnh mc
Vi mc tiu chun khng cn tnh, ch cn
la chn ng theo trng ti yu cu.
Vi mc khng tiu chun, cn tnh mc v
bn ti cc tit din cung mc v thn
mc.
Xem c th
2-7
2.2. Cp gi
ccn ccn
C kh nng iu
chnh theo kch
thc vt nng
2-8
Tnh cp gi (loi ma st)
S S
Fms Fms
N
Q
N
a
S chu ti
S
Q/2
N
a/2
c
O
b
Lc tc dng ln
tay n
Cn bng lc tc dng
ln tay n:
N.b Q.a/4 S.c = 0
S.cos = Q/2
vt khng ri cn
ma st: Fms > Q/2
hay (vi k > 1)
N.f = k.Q/2
Thay th N v S, nhn
c biu thc khng
ph thuc Q.
2-9
2.3. Gu ngom
Loi 1 dy
1
2
4
3
5
Loi 2 dy
4
2
3
1
I I I
2-10
V d v kt cu
2-11
V d (tip...)
2-12
V d (tip...)
2-13
V d (tip...)
next
2-14
2.4. B phn mang ti khc
2-15
B phn mang ti khc (tip)
2-16
Tm tt
Phn loi b phn mang ti v phm vi s
dng ca chng
Cc loi mc: Cu to chung, tnh mc khng
tiu chun
Cp gi ma st: cu to chung, nguyn l hot
ng, tnh ton iu kin cp gi
Gu ngom: cu to chung, nguyn l lm vic
Cc b phn mang ti khc
next
P2-17
Tnh mc khng tiu chun
Tit din cung mc A-A:
tnh nh bulng chu ko,
khng xit:
ng sut cho php ly 85MPa khi
dn ng tay hoc 40-50MPa khi
dn ng bng ng c.
Tit din thn mc: theo l
thuyt thanh cong:
Next
d
1
a
A A
B B
A A
B B
a/2 e1 e2
y
dA
| | o s
t
= o
2
1
4
d
Q
P2-18
Tnh mc khng tiu chun
Tit din B-B:
Chu ko
(th trong)
Chu nn
(th ngoi)
Vi k h s ph thuc dng tit din
h = e1 + e2
r = a/2 + e1
A din tch tit din
ng sut cho php ly 165 MPa khi dn ng
tay hoc 150 MPa khi dn ng bng /c.
Back
a
A A
B B
B B
a/2 e1 e2
y
dA
| | o s = o
a ,
e
k . A
Q
5 0
1
1
| | o s
+
= o
h a ,
e
k . A
Q
5 0
2
2
dA
y r
y
A
k
e
e
}

+
=
2
1
1
1
Chng 3
DY TRONG CCN
3-2
Khi nim chung
L chi tit mm lin kt b phn mang ti v
tang hoc cc rng rc
Trong CCN s dng 2 loi dy chnh:
Cp thp bn bn t cc si thp c gii hn
bn cao qua 2 thao tc bn.
Xch thng ch s dng 2 loi: xch hn tinh mt
ngn v xch tm.
3-3
3.1. Cp thp bn
Cu to
Cc si thp c bn cao

b
= 1400 2000 MPa (do
thao tc tut si) bn vi
nhau thnh tao.
Cc to bn vi nhau quanh
li thnh cp.
Cc si con c th cng
hoc khc ng knh.
Li cp c th l ay, thp
hoc si tng hp.
Mt s loi cp khc
3-4
Phn loi v k hiu cp
Cp bn xui v cp bn cho (cp
chng xon).
Theo dng tip xc gia cc si con:
tip xc ng hoc tip xc im.
K hiu cp thng c dng nh sau:
K-P, 6x19 vi ngha:
K-P - loi cp tip xc ng
6x19 - 6 tao, mi tao 19 si con.
Cp bn xui
Cp bn cho
3-5
Tnh ton chn cp
Nhm m bo bn lu cho cp. bn lu ca
cp ph thuc 2 yu t: Smax v t s dc / Do
Tnh theo phng php thc dng, quy nh bi tiu
chun. Cp c chn cn m bo h s an ton:
Zp = S / Smax Zp,min
Zp,min tra bng theo CLV M1---M8
xem TCVN 5864-1995
Lu : * Vi thit b ch ngi Zp,min = 9
* Vi thang my ch ngi Zp,min = 16 hoc 12 tu
s dy c lp treo cabin l 2 hay ln hn 2

3-6
C nh u cp
Cn to khuyn u cp,
sau khuyn ny s c
lin kt vi trc c nh.
trnh cp ch st vi trc
c nh, cp c t trong
lt cp.
Phng php khc
Vng lt cp
1
>5d
c
2 3
a) C nh bng kha cp
1 - Vng lt cp 2 - Cp
3 - Kho cp (s lng ti thiu 3)
>20.d
c
b) C nh bng cch bn cp
1 Vng lt cp 2 Cp
3 Dy chng ri
1 2 3
Trc c nh
3-7
C nh u cp
Chi tit ng cn hoc ng chm bng
thp c, mt u gia cng sn l
lin kt vi trc c nh cp.
c) C nh bng
kha chm
1 - Cp
2 - ng chm
3 - Chm
1
2
3
d) C nh bng ng cn
1. Cp 2. ng cn
3. Kim loi nng chy ( y)
3
1
2
3-8
Cc ch khi s dng cp
Cp phi c chng ch.
Dy cp phi l mt on nguyn.
Bi trn cp thng xuyn t ngoi bng m chuyn
dng.
Theo di cp v thay cp mi khi cp mn gim
ng knh 10%, t 1 tao hoc s si t trn mt
bc bn ln hn gi tr cho php (TCVN 5744-1993).
Trnh cp ch st vi nhau v vi cc b phn khc.

3-9
3.2. Xch hn v xch tm
Cu to
Xch hn: s dng loi
xch mt ngn: t2,6d;
B3,5d. Loi th dng
cun vo tang trn,
cn loi tinh n khp
vi a xch.
Xch tm: c cu to
gn nh xch truyn
ng nhng cc m
xch lp trc tip ln
cht, khng qua bn l.
t
d
B
t
t
Tm c dng
t
hoc dng
3-10
Tnh ton chn xch
Tng t cp thp, xch c tnh theo phng php
thc dng, quy nh bi tiu chun. Xch c chn
cn m bo h s an ton:
Zp = S / Smax Zp,min
Zp,min tra bng ty theo cch dn ng CCN.
xem TCVN 5864-1995
3-11
3.3. So snh cp v xch
Nh
Mm
m => vn tc bt k
bn lu tng i ln
Lm vic an ton (ph hy
c bo trc qua s si
t => khng t t ngt)
Yu cu ng knh tang
hoc rng rc ln
Phm vi s dng: a s cc
trng hp
Nng
Mm
Va p, n => vn tc thp
bn lu tng i ln
Km an ton (mc ph hy khng
c bo trc => nguy c t
t ngt)
Khng yu cu ng knh tang v
rng rc ln
Phm vi s dng: Khi vn tc thp,
yu cu nh gn hoc mi trng
nhit cao
Cp Xch
3-12
3.4. Cc bc tnh chn
cp v xch
Chn loi cp v cp bn thch hp hoc xch.
Tnh lc cng dy ln nht Smax.
T CLV cho, tra bng (tiu chun) c Zp,min.
Tnh lc ko t yu cu:
S,yc = Smax . Zp,min
Tra bng chn cp (hoc xch) c ng knh (hoc
bc) thch hp sao cho:
S,bng S,yc
3-13
Tm tt
Cu to chung, phn loi cp thp bn
Si thp, tao, li Cp bn xui v cp bn cho
Cc yu t nh hng n bn lu ca cp
Cc ch khi s dng cp thp bn
Phng php tnh chn cp v xch
Mc ch v phng php tnh
ngha ca h s an ton
So snh cp v xch
next
P3-14
Gi tr ti thiu ca Zp i vi cp v xch ti
(TCVN 5864-1995)
Nhm CLV c

a
c c

u
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
Z
p,min
3,15 3,35 3,55 4,00 4,50 5,60 7,10 9,00
GHI CH:
1. Trong i

u ki

n s

ng nguy hi

m(v d

kim lo

i nng ch

y) th CLV
khng l

y d

i M5 v khi t

M5 tr

ln, Z
p,min
l

y tng thm 25%.

2. V

i thi

t b

ch

ng

i Z
p,min
l

y b

ng 9, cn v

i thang my ch

ng

i
(TCVN 6395:1998) Z
p,min
= 16 ho

c 12 tu theo s

cp

c l

p treo cabin l
2 hay l

n hn. Lu , khng cho php treo cabin trn 1 dy cp duy nh

t.
3. V

i xch d

ng b

ng

ng c:
+ xch hn cu

n ln tang trn: Z
p,min
= 6
+ xch hn chnh xc n kh

p v

i a xch: Z
p,min
= 8
+ xch t

m: Z
p,min
= 5
Khi d

ng b

ng tay: Z
p,min
= 3 v

i t

t c

cc lo

i xch
Back
P3-15
S si t cho php trn 1 bc bn
TCVN 5744-1993
H s an ton
ban u
ca cp
Cu to cp, s si
6x19=114 6x37=222
Bn cho Bn xui Bn cho Bn xui
9 14 7 23 12
9 10 16 8 26 13
10 12 18 9 29 14
12 14 20 10 32 16
14 16 22 11 35 17
Back
P3-16
Lift Rope 8x19+1 (KONE)
cp bn 1600(inner)/1300(outer) MPa
knh A
thp
, mm2 S, kgf KL, kg/m
8 18,9 2 780 0,18
10 35,6 4 190 0,33
11 46,0 5 370 0,43
12 53,9 6 340 0,5
13 61,9 7 290 0,58
14 70,0 8 250 0,66
15 82,6 9 690 0,78
16 93,3 10 790 0,86
18 117,6 13 760 1,10
20 143,5 16 870 1,35
End
More
P3-17
Cp thp -, 6x19+1 (GOST 2688-80)
knh S, N

b
=1400MPa
S, N

b
=1600MPa
KL, kg/m
8,3 - 34 800 0,256
9,1 - 41 550 0,305
9,9 - 48 850 0,357
11 - 62 850 0,461
12 - 71 750 0,527
13 71 050 81 250 0,597
14 86 700 98 950 0,728
15 100 000 114 500 0,844
16,5 121 500 139 000 1,025
18 145 000 166 000 1,220
19,5 167 000 191 000 1,405
End
More
P3-18
Cp thp -O, 6x19+1 (GOST 3077-80)
knh S, N

b
=1400MPa
S, N

b
=1600MPa
KL, kg/m
7,8 - 29 900 0,221
8,8 - 39 800 0,294
10,5 - 53 650 0,388
11,5 - 66 150 0,487
12 - 72 000 0,530
13 - 81 000 0,597
14 - 97 750 0,719
15 - 115 500 0,853
16,5 118 000 135 000 0,997
17,5 136 500 156 000 1,155
19,5 162 500 183 000 1,370
End More
P3-19
Cp thp -3, 6x25+1 (GOST 7665-80)
knh S, N

b
=1400MPa
S, N

b
=1600MPa
KL, kg/m
8,1 - 31 900 0,237
9,7 - 46 300 0,343
11,5 54 900 62 700 0,464
13 71 500 81 750 0,605
14,5 90 350 102 500 0,764
16 110 500 126 500 0,942
17,5 134 500 153 500 1,140
19,5 160 000 183 000 1,358
21 188 500 215 000 1,594
22,5 219 000 250 500 1,857
24 251 500 288 000 2,132
End
P3-20
Xch hn xch chnh xc (GOST 2319-70)
knh
dy
Bc t
(mm)
Chiu rng
B (mm)
S
(kN)
KL
(kg / m)
6 19 21 13,7 0,75
7 22 23 17,6 1,00
8 23 27 25,5 1,35
9 27 32 31,0 1,80
10 28 34 39,0 2,25
11 31 36 45,0 2,70
13 36 43 64,7 3,80
16 44 53 100,0 5,80
End
Chng 4
B PHN CUN DY V
DN HNG DY
Khi nim chung
Tang: b phn cun dy trong CCN, bin
chuyn ng quay thnh chuyn ng tnh
tin nng/h vt.
Rng rc: b phn dn hng dy.
Palng: b phn gm cc rng rc, c nh
v di ng, lin kt vi nhau bng dy, dng
gim lc cng dy hoc tng vn tc.
4.1. Tang cun cp
Cu to chung
Tang thng c dng ng tr, hai u c moay
lp vi trc, chuyn ng quay.
Vt liu tang: gang hoc thp.
B mt lm vic c th nhn (tang trn) hoc ct
rnh dng ren trn c bc ln hn ng knh
cp trnh cp ch xt vo nhau (tang x rnh).
Tang c th dng cun 1 lp hoc nhiu lp
cp chng ln nhau.
Tang trn
Khi cun nhiu lp
cp, tang cn c g
chn. Chiu cao g
tnh t lp cp trn
cng cn ti thiu 1,5
ng knh cp trnh
cp tut khi tang.
D
o
g

g = 1,5.d
c
t = d
c
d
c
o
L
Tang x rnh
Kch thc rnh cp
t
d
c A
o
D
D
1
D
o
R = 0,55d
c
t = d
c
+
A
I
D
o
I
L
Cc kch thc c bn
ng knh danh
ngha Do.
Chiu di ti thiu
phn cun cp trn
tang L.
Chiu dy thnh
tang o.
D
o
g

g = 1,5.d
c
t = d
c
d
c
o
L
ng knh danh ngha
ng knh o theo tm lp cp di cng.
Xc nh t iu kin tng bn lu cho cp:
D
0
h
1
.d
c
vi d
c
ng knh cp
h
1
h s, tra trong tiu chun theo CLV ca
c cu nng.
TCVN 5864-1995 quy nh gi tr ti thiu ca h
1
.
Lu : vi CCN dn ng bng /c, ng knh
tang cn tnh li, m bo vn tc nng cho trc.
4-8
Chiu di cun cp
Tnh t s vng cp trn 1 lp (Z) v khong cch
gia cc vng cp (bc cun cp - t): L Z.t
Bc cun cp t d
c
vi tang trn; t 1,1.d
c
vi tang x
rnh.
S vng cp khi cun 1 lp tnh theo cng thc:
Z = Z
1
+ Z
2
+ Z
3
vi Z
1
= a.H/(t.D
0
) s vng lm vic (H chiu cao nng;
D
0
ng knh tang; a bi sut ca palng)
Z
2
= 1,5..2 s vng cp d tr trn tang
Z
3
= 0..2 s vng phc v c nh cp ln tang.
Khi cun n lp cp trn tang c th ly Z Z
1
/n.
Chiu dy thnh tang
Chiu dy o thng chn trc theo vt liu tang:
Thp: o = 0,001.D
0
+ 3 (mm)
Gang: o = 0,002.D
0
+ (610) 12 (mm)
vi D
0
ng knh tang, tnh bng mm.
Kim tra tang vi kch thc chn v bn:
Vi tang ngn (L/D
0
3) ch cn kim nghim
bn nn: tang c tnh nh ng dy chu p sut
ngoi do dy vi lc cng S
max
xit ln tang sinh ra.
Khi tang di (L/D
0
> 3) cn tnh n nh hng
ca c un v xon.
Xem chi tit
C nh cp ln tang
Bulng v tm kp
A
A - A
A
Cp
Vt chn
Cp
4.2. Rng rc v a xch
Cu to
Vi rng rc cp, ng knh danh
ngha D
0
o theo tm cp, xc nh t
iu kin tng bn lu cho cp:
D
0
h
2
.d
c
vi rng rc thng
D
0
h
3
.d
c
vi rng rc cn bng
vi d
c
ng knh cp
h
2
, h
3
h s, tra trong tiu chun
theo CLV ca CCN.
Cc kch thc khc theo kt cu:
R=0,6d
c
h=(1,5-2,0)d
c
b=(2-2,25)d
c
60
b
h
D

0
4.2. Rng rc v a xch
Cu to (tip)
Vi rng rc cho xch hn,
ng knh danh ngha D
0
xc
nh theo ng knh dy thp
lm xch (d), bc xch (t) v s
rng (s hc) trn a xch (z):
D
0
d
z s hc, min = 5-6
D
0
=
(
t
sin(90/z)
)
2
+
(
d
cos(90/z)
)
2
Lc cn v hiu sut rng rc
Khi cha quay: S
2
= S
1
Khi quay theo chiu trn
hnh v, do lc cn W
nn S
2
> S
1
hay
S
2
= S
1
+ W
Cc loi lc cn chnh:
Lc cn do cng
dy (Wc)
Lc cn do ma st trong
trc (Wo)
S
1
2
S
n
W
Lc cn do cng dy
Do cng nn khi
cun vo v khi nh
khi rng rc dy b
lch so vi trng hp
l tng cc khong b
v c nh trn hnh v
S
2
= S
1
+ Wc
Kt hp phng trnh
cn bng mmen tnh
c lc cn do
cng dy W
c
= S
1
.
S
1
(D
0
/2+b) = S
2
(D
0
/2-c)
S
1
(D
0
/2+b) = (S
1
+W
c
)(D
0
/2-c)
W
c
= S
1
(b+c)/(0,5D
0
- c) = S
1
.
b
c
S
1
S
'
2
= S
1
+W
c
Lc cn do ma st trong
Gi s rng rc ng
knh D
0
lp trn trt
c ng knh ngng d.
S
2
= S
1
+ Wo vi Wo l
lc cn do ma st trong
.
T mmen cn quay T
c
tnh c lc cn do ma
st trong
W
o
= T
c
/ 0,5D
0
= S
1
.
= 2sin(o/2).f.d/D
0
S
''
2
=S
1
+W
o
S
1
Lc tc dng ln :
S = S
1
+ S
''
2
=> S ~2S
1
.sin
o
2
Lc ma st trong : F = S.f
To mmen cn quay: Tc = F.d/2
Hiu sut rng rc
Hiu sut = cng sut c ch / cng sut b ra
* Trng hp rng rc
c nh:
C.s. c ch P
ci
= Q.v
n
C.s. b ra P
br
= S
2
.v
0
Lc cng dy S
1
= Q
Vn tc dy v
0
= v
n
Hiu sut q = S
1
/S
2
(l t s gia lc cng dy trn
nhnh cun S
1
v nhnh nh S
2
)
S
Q,
1
2
S ,
v
0
n
v
S
Q,
1
2
S , v
0
n
v
n
n
Hiu sut rng rc (tip...)
Hiu sut = cng sut c ch / cng sut b ra
* Trng hp rng rc
di ng:
C.s. c ch P
ci
= Q.v
n
C.s. b ra P
br
= S
2
.v
0
Lc cng dy S
1
+S
2
= Q
Vn tc dy v
0
= 2.v
n
Hiu sut q
d
> S
1
/S
2
S
Q,
1
2
S ,
v
0
n
v
S
Q,
1
2
S , v
0
n
v
n
n
* Trong tnh ton thng ly:
q
d
= q = 0,94...0,98 vi rng rc cp;
q = 0,94...0,96 vi rng rc xch (a xch)
4.3. Palng
Khi nim chung
H thng rng rc c nh v di ng, lin kt vi
nhau bng dy.
Tu cng dng, palng c phn lm 2 loi:
Palng li lc (hnh a)
Palng li vn tc (hnh b)
Q
tang
S 2 ... ... Sa
S
''
1
S
'
1
S1
(a)
Q, v
n
...
P, v
P
S1 S2
Sa
(b)
4.3.1. Palng li lc
Bi sut (a): s ln gim lc
cng dy so vi khi treo vt trc
tip trn 1 dy xt trng thi
ng im (cc rng rc khng
quay).
C th xc nh bi sut a qua
s nhnh dy treo vt.
Trn hnh v l palng c bi
sut a = 4.
Trong tnh ton, palng c
th hin di dng khai trin...
Tnh ton palng li lc
Cho s khai trin
palng. Xc nh lc cng
dy ln nht S
max
=? nm
u? Khi nng hay h? Hiu
sut ca c h thng q
p
=?
Phng php: da vo
cc quan h lc cng dy
trn cc nhnh ca rng rc
v hiu sut q = S
cun
/S
nh
T , xt ln lt tng
rng rc trong h thng
palng...
Q
tang
S
2
... ... Sa S
''
1
S
'
1
S
1
(a)
Tnh ton... (tip)
Q
tang
S
2
... ... S
a-1
Sa S
''
1
S
'
1
S
1
Khi h th th no?
Khi nng vt
Cc rng rc quay theo chiu nh
hnh v. Lc cng dy trn nhnh
cun vo rng rc b hn trn
nhnh nh ra nn suy ra Smax =
S
1
= S
tang
. Lc cng ln nht nm
nhnh cun vo tang.
Tng lc cng dy cn bng vi Q:
Q = S
1
+ S
2
+ ... + S
a
T quan h hiu sut rng rc:
S
1
= S
1
= S
1
.1
S
2
= S
1
.q = S
1
.q
1
......
S
a
= S
a-1
.q = S
1
.q
a-1
Q = S
i
= S
1
. (1+ q+ ... + q
a-1
)
S
max
= S
1
/ q
t
= Q.(1-q) / [(1-q
a
)q
t
]
Hiu sut palng: q
p
= Q / (a.S
max
)
Palng kp
Bi sut palng kp k
hiu l "2a" v bng s
nhnh dy treo vt
(trn s : 2a = 4)
Rng rc trung gian
khng quay, ch ng vai
tr cn bng nn trong
tnh ton Smax c th
thay th bng palng
n vi bi sut
a' = 2a/2 v ti Q' =
Q/2.
Hiu sut ca palng
q
p
=Q' / (a'.S
max
).
Q
A
Q
Palng n
Palng kp
A
= 0
4.3.2. Palng li vn tc
S
1
= S
1
= S
1
.1
S
2
= S
1
.q = S
1
.q
1
......
S
a
= S
a-1
.q = S
1
.q
a-1
P = S
i
= S
1
. (1+ q+ ... + q
a-1
) (1)
S
max
= S
1
; (2)
S
a
= Q / q => Q = S
1
.q
a
(3)
T (1) (2) (3) tm c quan h
gia P, Q, S
max
Q,
v
n
...
P, v
P
S
1 S
2
S
a
Cc lu chung v palng
Lc cng cp
Palng kp
Bi sut k hiu l 2a. Rng rc cn bng khng quay.
Tnh ton coi nh palng n vi a = 2a/2 v Q=Q/s
S rng rc t
Ch tnh s rng rc
pha tang cun cp
S c bit
Trng hp gp s
c bit cn thit
lp cng thc tnh
lc cng cp ln nht.
Q
S
1
S
1
S
2
S
next
Nhm CLV
c

a c c

u
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
h
1
11,2 12,5 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,0 22,4 25,0
h
2
12,5 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,0 22,4 25,0 28,0
h
3
11,2 12,5 12,5 14,0 14,0 16,0 16,8 18,0
GHI CH:
1.

ng knh danh ngha c

a tang: D
0
>
h
1
.d
c
2.

ng knh c

a rng r

c d

n h

ng: D
2
>
h
2
.d
c
3.

ng knh c

a rng r

c cn b

ng: D
3
>
h
3
.d
c
4. V

i c

n tr

c t

hnh: h
1
= 16; h
2
= 18; h
3
= 14 v

i CCN t

i
h
1
= 14; h
2
= 16; h
3
= 12,5 v

i CCN c

n
5.

ng knh rng r

c ma st trong thang my: D

>
40.d
c
(TCVN 6395:1998)
H s ng knh vi tang v rng rc
(TCVN 5864-1995)
Back
Kim tra tang cun cp v bn
Back
Vi tang ngn (L/D
0
3) ch cn kim nghim bn
nn: tang c tnh nh ng dy chu p sut ngoi
do dy vi lc cng S
max
xit ln tang sinh ra:
o
n
= k.S
max
/(t.o) [o]
k = 1; 1,28; 1,37; 1,45; 1,52; 1,53 ty s lp cp t 1..6
[o] = 7090 MPa vi gang; 100120 MPa vi thp.
Khi tang di, cn tnh n un v xon:
| |

+
=
s + =
E
u
u
t
n t n
W
T M
2 2
2 2
75 , 0
o
o o o o
S
max
khi h vt
Q
tang
S
2
... ... S
a-1
Sa S
''
1
S
'
1
S
1
Khi h vt, cc rng rc
quay theo chiu ngc li.
Cc nhnh cun/nh i
vai tr cho nhau. Lc cng
ln nht s n,f trn
nhnh xa tang nht.
Tng lc cng dy vn
cn bng vi Q:
Q = S
1
+ S
2
+ ... + S
a
T d dng suy ra:
S
*
max
= S
a
= Q.(1-q) / (1-q
a
)
Back
Chng 5
THIT B PHANH HM
Khi nim chung
B phn khng th thiu trong c
cu nng.
Cng dng:
Dng vt nng v tr mong mun.
Gi vt nng trng thi treo, khng
ri khi khng mong mun.
5.1. Mmen phanh yu cu
Mmen phanh yu
cu khi h ln hn
khi nng
Chn phanh theo
QPAT:T
ph
= n.T*
t
HSAT n chn t
1,5 2,5 theo CLV
ngha ca HSAT:
Tnh n ti ng
phng qu ti
Q
Tt
T
Tph
Tt
Q
T
Tph
Phanh khi nng
T
ph
= T

- T
t
T
ph
= T
*
t
+ T
*

Cn bng mmen trn trc t phanh

T =
*
t1
2au
o
QD
o
Phanh khi h
5.2. C cu bnh cc
Cc vn chung
Tnh ton c cu bnh
cc: phng cc dng
hng gy mt an ton:
Gy con cc
Gy rng bnh cc
Dp mp rng
Phng php tnh chung
Chn trc s rng
Tnh chn mun
Tnh kim nghim
Lso
Con cc
Bnh cc
Q
S cu to chung
Tnh ton bnh cc
Ft
h
b
s
Tnh theo bn dp
q = Ft / b [q]
vi Ft = 2T / D = 2T / (m.z) ;
b = m.
chn trc , z tnh mun
m, sau chn m tiu chun
Kim nghim bn un
= Mu / Wu
= Ft.h / (b.s2 / 6) [ ]
vi bnh cc tiu chun:
h = m; s =1,5m
Cc thng s bnh cc
Vt liu bnh cc = b/m [q], N/mm [ ], MPa (*)
+ Gang xm 1,6 - 6,0 150 30
+ Thp c 1,5 - 4,0 300 80
+ Thp CT3 rn 1,0 - 2,0 350 100
+ Thp 45 rn 1,0 - 2,0 400 120
(*) ng sut un cho php ly thp i tnh n ti trng ng khi
c cu lm vic
(**) Ti trng ng xut hin do hin tng bnh cc b quay ngc
li di tc dng ca trng lng vt nng trc khi n khp ht
vi con cc v b gi li. hn ch ti ng cn gim bt qung
ng ny: gim bc rng (do gim mun -> yu) hoc lp
nhiu cc "lch pha" nhau
Tnh ton con cc
Kim nghim v bn
Con cc c tnh nh
thanh chu nn lch tm bi
lc vng Ft:
=
n
+
u
=
= F
t
/ (cd) +
Ft.e /(dc
2
/6) [ *]
Con cc ch lm bng thp,
[ *] = 65 MPa tnh n
ti trng ng.
Ft
e
d
c
5.3. Phanh m
Phanh m n gin
Kh nng phanh tnh t iu
kin cn bng lc trn tay
phanh v iu kin phanh:
N.a = F.c + K.l
Fms = k.F vi Fms = N.f
Suy ra: K = (F / l ).(k.a / f - c)
vi lc vng F = 2T / D.
* gim lc phanh yu cu K
=> cc gii php:
+ tng D, l, gim a: th sao?
+ tng c: th sao? (K < 0 )
* Nu i chiu m men phanh ?
bn lu: p = N / b.s [p]
K
Fms
N
a
c
c
'
a
c
F
N
K
l
n
Phanh 2 m kiu l xo
Nguyn l lm vic
* lu cng dng ca cc
chi tit
u nhc im v phm
vi s dng
Tnh ton phanh tng
t phanh 1 m
* Kh nng phanh
* bn lu
a
l
F
F
K K K K
e
N
N
2 1
4 3
5
9
8
7 6
10
11
5.4. Phanh ai
Kh nng phanh:
S
1
/ S
2
= e
fa
v
S
1
- S
2
= F
t
= 2T
ph
/ D
=> K = S
2
.a / l =
F
t
.a / [l.(e
fa
- 1)]
* Nu i chiu mmen:
S
2
- S
1
= F
t
v S
2
/ S
1
= e
fa
=> K' = S
2
.a / l =
F
t
.a.e
fa
/ [l.(e
fa
- 1)]
bn lu:
p
max
= 2S
max
/ (D.b) [p]
[p] = 0,1-0,2 MPa vi aming
K
S
S
1
2
l
p
max
F
K
S
1
(S )
2
S
2 1
(S )
l
a
a
5.4. Phanh p trc
Phanh nn
D
1
D
2
D
* Lc phanh yu cu
N.f = F
ms
= F
t
= 2T
ph
/D
K = N.sin
K = 2T
ph
.sin / (D.f)
* bn mn
5.4. Phanh p trc
Phanh a
D
1
D
2
D
C th coi l trng hp c
bit ca phanh nn ( = 90
o
)
K = 2T
ph
/ (D.f)
tng kh nng phanh: dng
phanh nhiu a
K = 2Tph / (D.f.z)
5.6. Phanh t ng
V sao gi l phanh t ng?
Lc trong c cu c s dng lm lc phanh
M men phanh t iu chnh theo ti
Phn loi
Phanh t ng c mt ma st khng tch ri
Phanh t ng c mt ma st tch ri.
u nhc im v PVSD tng loi phanh
Phanh t ng c mt ma st
khng tch ri
Cu to
c im cu to
Nguyn l hot ng
Tnh t ng ca
phanh:
* Lc phanh l lc dc
trc trn trc vt
* Lc phanh c t l
thun vi lc phanh
yu cu.
Fa
2
Ft
3
Tnh t ng ca phanh t ng
c mt ma st khng tch ri
phanh hot ng tt cn tho mn iu kin: K
c
K
yc
,
trong K
yc
l lc phanh yu cu
Gi tr K
c
v K
yc
tnh nh sau:
K
c
= F
a2
F
t3
= 2T
tg
/D
3
= Q.D
0 p tg
/ (a.D
3
) t l thun vi Q
K
yc
= 2.T
ph
sin / D.f = 2.n.T*
t
sin / D.f
K
yc
= 2.n.QD
o
. . sin / (2au
o
.D.f) t l thun vi Q, trong :
D
3
- ng knh bnh vt; D - ng knh phanh (phanh nn);
n h s an ton phanh; D
o
- ng knh tang cun cp...
Khi tng ti Q th lc phanh yu cu K
yc
tng, nhng lc phanh do
c cu to ra K
c
cng tng => loi phanh ny c kh nng t iu
chnh lc phanh theo ti => khng s qu ti v v th HSAT phanh
kiu ny thng ly b (n 1,2)
Phanh t ng c mt ma st
tch ri
Cu to
c im cu to
Nguyn l hot ng
Tnh t ng ca
phanh:
* Lc phanh l lc dc
trong b.t. vt - ai c
* Lc phanh c t l
thun vi lc phanh
yu cu.
3
4
1
2
5 6
Tnh t ng ca phanh t ng
c mt ma st tch ri
phanh hot ng tt cn tho mn iu kin: K
c
K
yc
,
trong K
yc
l lc phanh yu cu
Gi tr K
c
v K
yc
tnh nh sau:
K
c
= QD
0
/ [au
0
(d2tg( ) + f.D)] t l vi ti Q (xut pht
t iu kin T
br
= T
r
+ T
T
- vn c ai c th m men trn
bnh rng cn thng ma st trn ren v ma st mt t)
K
yc
= ... = 2.n.QD
o
. / (2au
o
.D) t l thun vi ti Q
Khi tng ti Q th lc phanh yu cu K
yc
tng, nhng lc phanh do
c cu to ra K
c
cng tng => loi phanh ny c kh nng t iu
chnh lc phanh theo ti => khng s qu ti v v th HSAT phanh
kiu ny thng ly b (n 1,2)
5.7. Tay quay an ton
L loi tay quay kt hp phanh hm,
m bo gi vt an ton khng ri khi
khng c lc tc ng ln n.
Tay quay an ton kiu I kt hp phanh t
ng c mt ma st tch ri.
Tay quay an ton kiu II kt hp phanh ai.
5.7. Tay quay an ton (tip)
next
Kiu I Kiu II
Cu to
c im cu to
u nhc im v PVSD.
Chng 6
C CU NNG
6-2
Khi nim chung
L c cu khng th thiu trong my nng.
C yu cu cao v an ton.
Ty b phn pht ng phn ra:
CCN dn ng tay
CCN dn ng bng ng c
6-3
6.1. CCN dn ng tay
Pht ng qua tay quay hoc bnh ko
Khi s dng sc ngi thng ly cng sut
N = P.v 0,1 kW.
Khi s dng nhm cng nhn vn hnh,
tng lc tc ng P tnh theo: P = F.m.k
vi F lc do 1 ngi tc ng
m s ngi tham gia vn hnh my
k h s tnh n s phn b khng u lc
6-4
6.1.1. S v c im
cu to
Tnh cht chung ca cc c
cu ny l t quan trng, thi
gian s dng ngn, tc
thp v khng c ti ng.
c im cu to chung: n
gin, gn nh, gi thnh thp.
V vy thng dng tang trn,
cc b truyn h, trt v t
s dng cc ni trc. Phanh
thng dng kt hp vi tay
quay (TQAT).
Q
a,
p
P
R
6-5
6.1.2. c im tnh ton
Tnh ton ng hc
T s truyn chung ca cc b truyn Uo xc nh t iu
kin v lc ch khng phi t yu cu v vn tc
Uo = Tv/(Tp. ) = QDo/(2.a.F.m.k.R. )
trong l hiu sut chung ca c cu.
m bo an ton vt khng ri
Cc b truyn bnh rng h tnh theo bn un,
trnh hin tng hng gy mt an ton l gy rng.
Cc b phn khc: khi tnh ton thit k cc h s tra
bng theo CLV Quaytay
6-6
6.2. CCN dn ng bng
ng c
S dng ng c pht ng c cu.
C th gp nhiu loi ng c nh
ng c in, ng c t trong, ng
c thy lc, kh nn, thm ch cn
dng c ng c hi nc.
ng c in c s dng rng ri
hn c.
6-7
6.2.1. S v c im
cu to
y l cc c cu quan
trng, nng sut v trng ti
ln, thi gian s dng lu
di, tc tng i cao.
c im cu to chung:
hiu sut cao, chc chn, tin
cy, tui th cao.
V vy thng dng tang x
rnh, cc b truyn kn,
ln v s dng cc ni trc.
Phanh ai hoc phanh TK.
a,
p
Q
Do
t
2
3
1
u
1
,
1
u
2
,
6-8
6.2.2. c im tnh ton
Tnh ton ng hc
T s truyn chung ca cc b truyn Uo xc nh t iu
kin m bo vn tc nng cho trc:
u
0
= n
c
/n
tg
= n
c
. .D
0
/(a.v
n
)
m bo an ton vt khng ri
Cc b truyn bnh rng che kn tnh theo bn tip
xc, kim nghim bn un v qu ti.
Cc b phn khc: khi tnh ton thit k h s tra bng
theo CLV yu cu.
6-9
6.2.3. Qu trnh m my
Qu trnh m my xt khi nng vt, gi thit chuyn ng
nhanh dn u trong sut qu trnh m my.
Khi m my nng vt ng c cn pht mmen ngoi thng mmen
cn tnh do vt nng sinh ra Tt, cn thng thm qun tnh ca cc chi
tit trong h thng khi tng tc:
T
m
= T
t
+ T

= T
t
+ T
1
+ T
2
T
t
mmen tnh do trng lng vt nng sinh ra khi nng vt
T

mmen do qun tnh

T
1
do qun tnh cc chi tit chuyn ng thng (vt nng, mc)
T
2
do qun tnh cc chi tit chuyn ng quay (rto, trc, )
6-10
Mmen tnh T
t
Mmen tnh khi nng (Nm) nh bit
trong phn s cu to c cu nng:
vi Q trng lng vt nng, N
Do ng knh tang, m
a bi sut palng
Uo t s truyn ca cc b truyn
hiu sut chung ca c cu
0
0
2au
QD
T
t
6-11
Mmen do qun tnh T
1
Khi m my nng vt, vt nng v mc to ra lc qun
tnh Q
qt
. Lc ny ng vai tr ging nh ti Q, nn
mmen do n gy ra trn trc ng c c tnh theo:
m
n
m qt
t
v

g
Q
j . m Q
60
0
0
1
2au
D Q
T
qt

m
c

t u a
n QD
T
2
0
2
2
0
1
375
0
0
0
0
au
n D
a
n D
a
v
v
c
tg
n
6-12
Mmen do qun tnh T
2
Khi m my, mmen cn do qun tnh ca mi chi tit
quay tnh trn trc ca n theo cng thc: T
i
= J.
i
Do , khi chuyn v trc /c (trc 1), ta c:
Trong ,
l mmen do qun tnh cc chi tit quay lp trn cc
trc 2, 3 tnh quy i v trc 1.
...
u u
T
T
u
T
T
3/1 /
2 1
3
1
2
1 2
... T T T
/ 1 2 1 2
6-13
Mmen do qun tnh T
2
(tip)
Do gia tc gc trn cc trc 2,3 kh nh so vi trc 1,
li phi chia cho t s truyn u
1
, u
1
u
2
nn cc thnh
phn T
2/1
, T
3/1
, khng ng k so vi trc 1. V vy,
mmen do qun tnh cc chi tit quay tnh theo:
Trong , T
i(I)
l tng mmen do qun tnh cc chi tit
quay lp trn trc 1, cn k l h s tnh n nh hng
ca qun tnh cc chi tit quay lp trn cc trc khc.
) I ( i
T k T . k T
1 2
6-14
Mmen do qun tnh T
2
(tip)
Thay th
c
g
D G D
g
G
. m J
rad/s ,
t .
n
t
i i i i
i i i
2
m
c
m
4 2
60
2
2
2
2
1
1
m
I
i i

t
D G
k T . k T
375
2
1 2
6-15
Cui cng
Vy trong qu trnh m my, ng c cn pht
ra mmen T
m
= T
t
+ T

= T
t
+ T
1
+ T
2
m
c
I
i i
m
c
m
t
n D G
k
t u a
n QD
au
QD
T
375 375 2
2
2
0
2
2
0
0
0
Cng thc ny c s dng tnh chn, kim tra
kh nng m my ca ng c hoc kim tra thi
gian m my, gia tc m my c ph hp hay khng.
6-16
6.2.4. Qu trnh phanh
Qu trnh phanh xt khi h vt, gi thit chuyn ng chm
dn u v phanh t trn trc 1.
Khi h vt mmen do phanh to ra cn thng mmen tnh do vt
nng sinh ra Tt
*
v mmen do qun tnh ca cc chi tit trong h
thng khi gim tc:
T
ph
= T
t
*
+ T

*
= T
t
*
+ T
*
1
+ T
*
2
T
t
*
mmen tnh do trng lng vt nng sinh ra khi h vt
T

*
mmen do qun tnh khi phanh (phanh khi ang h vt)
T
*
1
do qun tnh cc chi tit chuyn ng thng (vt nng, mc)
T
*
2
do qun tnh cc chi tit chuyn ng quay (rto, trc, )
6-17
Tng t qu trnh m my
Vy khi ang h, dng c c cu, phanh
cn to mmen:
p
I
i i
p
p
t
n D G
k
t u a
n QD
au
QD
T
375 375 2
1
2
2
0
2
1
2
0
0
0
Cng thc ny c s dng tnh kim tra kh
nng phanh hoc kim tra thi gian phanh, gia tc
phanh c ph hp hay khng.
6-18
Lu
v gii thch cc cng thc
Cn nu c:
ngha v cc gi thit khi lp cng thc.
Cc thnh phn chnh trong cng thc: T
t
, T
1
, T
2

nu ngha, vit cng thc tnh cc thnh phn ny.

Cc thng s trong cng thc v n v o: Q trng
lng vt nng (N), Do ng knh tang (m), v.v
S dng cng thc
next
m
c
I
i i
m
c
m
t
n D G
k
t u a
n QD
au
QD
T : du V
375 375 2
2
2
0
2
2
0
0
0
Phn II
MY NNG
CNG DNG CHUNG
Chng 7
THIT B NNG N GIN
7-3
7.1. Kch
Loi TBN khng dng dy, khng gin
chu ti.
Nng vt bng phng php y.
Cu to gn nh d di chuyn.
Chiu cao nng b, vn tc nng thp.
7-4
Phn loi kch
Kch vt
Kch thanh rng
Kch thy lc
Q
7-5
Kch thanh rng
Cu to
1. Thn kch 2. Thanh rng 2. Bnh rng
3. B truyn BR 4. Tay quay 5. u kch
Quan h gia cc i lng
u = T
V
/ (T
F
. ) = Q.d
1
/(2. .m.F.l. )
d1 ng knh bnh rng 2
c im chung
- Trng ti khng ln
- Cc bnh rng thng b
tnh theo bn un
Q
7-6
7.2. Ti
Loi TBN s dng tang v dy cun.
Thng t trn mt sn, s dng ko vt.
Phn loi
Ti tay
Ti in
7-7
Ti xy dng
S dng 2 t s truyn
tng nng sut
u
0
= z
6
/z
5
. z
2
/z
1
u
0
= z
6
/z
5
. z
4
/z
3
Thng ly u
0
= 0,5.u
0
Phanh t trn trc 2
PT
7-8
7.3. Palng
Loi TBN dng dy - cp cun ln tang hoc xch
n khp vi a xch.
Thng c treo trn cao, do vy yu cu kch
thc nh gn.
Phn loi:
Palng tay: dn ng bng tay thng qua
xch ko
Palng in: dn ng in, s dng cp hoc
xch hn.
7-9
Palng tay
Dy c s dng l xch.
Dn ng tay bng cch ko
xch lm quay bnh ko an ton.
gim kch thc:
- Truyn cng sut thnh nhiu
dng
- Trc b dn lp lng khng trn
trc dn
- S dng vt liu tt ch to
Xch
ko
Xch
nng
Bnh ko
an ton
7-10
Palng in
ng c in
tang khp ni hp s phanh a
I
II
III
IV
cp
I
II
III
IV
s rng
z2/z1 = 50/14
z4/z3 = 58/29
z6/z5 = 42/15
z8/z7 = 33/13
Dy c s
dng l cp
hoc xch.
B truyn
bnh rng
nhiu cp
hoc hnh
tinh
Phanh thng dng phanh ma st nhiu a, loi thng ng.
C th kt hp phanh t ng.
cn bng, ng c v phanh thng t 2 pha palng.
next
Chng 8
CU TRC V
CN TRC QUAY
2
8.1. Cu trc
Khi nim chung
Loi TBN c s dng
gin chu ti, nng vt
qua dy cun.
Cu to gm:
Dn chu ti t trn
cao: dm chnh v
dm u
Cc c cu: CCN v 2
CCDC
Phn loi: Cu trc 1
dm v cu trc 2 dm
S dng nhiu trong
cc phn xng.
3
8.1.1. S cu to
Cc b phn chnh
1. Dm chnh
2. Xe con
3. C cu nng
4. CCDC xe con
5. CCDC cu
iu khin
T mt sn hoc t cabin
Cc thng s chnh
Trng ti
Khu , chiu cao nng
v hnh trnh
Cc vn tc chuyn ng
4
8.1.2. C cu di chuyn
Lu
Do khu l
k
ca CCDC xe
con v cu khc nhau nn cc
b phn ca chng cng b tr
theo cc s khc nhau.
CCDC xe con
1. ng c
2. Phanh
3. Hp gim tc
4. Ni trc
5. Gi
6. Bnh xe
5
8.1.2. C cu di chuyn
CCDC cu (KCKL)
1. ng c
2. Phanh
3. Hp gim tc
4. Ni trc
5. Gi
6. Bnh xe
Cng dng:
di chuyn ton
b cu (kt cu
kim loi) dc
phn xng.
6
8.2. Cn trc quay
Loi TBN s dng tang v dy cun.
Thng t trn mt sn, s dng ko vt.
Phn loi
Ti tay
Ti in
7
Ti xy dng
S dng 2 t s truyn
tng nng sut
u
0
= z
6
/z
5
. z
2
/z
1
u
0
= z
6
/z
5
. z
4
/z
3
Thng ly u
0
= 0,5.u
0
Phanh t trn trc 2
PT
8
8.3. Kt cu kim loi
Loi TBN dng dy - cp cun ln tang hoc xch
n khp vi a xch.
Thng c treo trn cao, do vy yu cu kch
thc nh gn.
Phn loi:
Palng tay: dn ng bng tay thng qua
xch ko
Palng in: dn ng in, s dng cp hoc
xch hn.
9
Palng tay
Dy c s dng l xch.
Dn ng tay bng cch ko
xch lm quay bnh ko an ton.
gim kch thc:
- Truyn cng sut thnh nhiu
dng
- Trc b dn lp lng khng trn
trc dn
- S dng vt liu tt ch to
Xch
ko
Xch
nng
Bnh ko
an ton
10
Palng in
ng c in
tang khp ni hp s phanh a
I
II
III
IV
cp
I
II
III
IV
s rng
z2/z1 = 50/14
z4/z3 = 58/29
z6/z5 = 42/15
z8/z7 = 33/13
Dy c s
dng l cp
hoc xch.
B truyn
bnh rng
nhiu cp
hoc hnh
tinh
Phanh thng dng phanh ma st nhiu a, loi thng ng.
C th kt hp phanh t ng.
cn bng, ng c v phanh thng t 2 pha palng.
next