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n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

CHNG 1: TNH TON CC THAM S C BN.


2.1 Tnh dng in cao p v h p ca my bin p mt pha.
+ Pha cao p :
S.10 3 S.10 3 50.10 3
I2 =
=
=
= 2,273 ( A ).
U CA
U2
22.10 3

+ Pha h p :

S.10 3 S.10 3 50.10 3


I1 =
=
=
= 227,27 ( A ).
U HA
U1
220

Trong :
S : cng sut biu kin ca my bin p mt pha (kVA).
U2 : in p nh mc ca my bin p mt pha pha cao p (kV).
U1 : in p nh mc ca my bin p mt pha pha h p (kV).
2.2 in p th nghim ca dy qun theo TCVN .
+ dy qun cao p vi UCA = 22 kV th Ut = 50 kV.

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

+ dy qun h p vi UHA = 0,22 kV th Ut = 5 kV.


Cc kch thc ch y :

C
a01

01

l0

a 1 a12

a2

d
d 12
Hnh 2.1 Cc kch thc ch yu ca my
bin p mt pha hai dy qun.

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

Trong :
+ C: Chiu rng ca s mc t.
+ d: ng knh tr st.
+l: Chiu cao dy qun , hai dy qun cao p v h p thng c chiu
di bng nhau.
+d12: ng knh trung bnh ca hai dy qun .
+ a01: Khong cch t tr n cun h p .
+ a12: Khong cch in gia cao p v h p .
+ a2: B dy cun cao p .
Chiu rng quy i ca rnh t trng tn gia cao p v h p , vi Uth2 =
50 kV, theo bng 19 sch thit k my bin p Phan T Th, ta chn:
a12 = 20 mm.
12 = 5 mm : chiu dy ng cch in gia h p vi tr st.
3. Tnh chiu rng quy i t trng tn.

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a r = a12 +

Thit k my bin p mt pha

a1 + a 2
3

Trong :
ar: L chiu rng quy i t trng tn(mm).
a1,a2: L b dy cun h p v cao p .

a1 + a 2
= k.4 S .10 2 = 0.54.4 50 .10 2 = 14,4 (mm).
3
k: l h s tra bng 12 sch thit k my bin p ca Phan t Th, k =
0,64 0,51, ta chn k =0,54.
4.H s quy i t trng tn ly s b: kr = 0,95.
5. Cc thnh phn in p ngn mch: TCVN
+ in p ngn mch: Un% = 5%.
+ Thnh phn tn hao khng ti: P0= 270W.
+Thnh phn tn hao ngn mch: Pn = 850 W.

+Thnh phn in p ngn mch tc dng :

U nr =

Pn
850
=
= 1,7%
10.s dm 10.50

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

+ Thnh phn in p ngn mch phn tc dng :

U nx = U n2 + U r2 = 5 2 1,7 2 = 4,71% .
6. Cc thng s mch t my bin p mt pha.
+ Mch t my bin p mt pha thit k dng ch E vi dy qun kiu
tr qun gia tr, mch t c mi ghp cho gc , ghp thng vi tr gia.
Tr dng bng ai, gng dng st p li, li thp dng thp cn ngui ng
hung 3406 dy 0,35 mm.
+ Chn mt t thng s b: BT = 1,62 T.
+ Theo bng 13.2 sch thit k my k my in Trn khnh H+
Phan T Th vi S = 50 kVA chn s b s bc ca tr l 6.
+ H s in y:

KP =

ST
= 0,92 .
SK

+ H s p cht KC = 0,93 0,94, s b chn KC =0,93.


+ H s li dng li st:
K ld = K C .K P = 0,93.0,92 = 0,866 .

+ S bc ca gng trn v di thng t hn s bc ca tr mt bc


nhm mc ch m bo lc p phn b u hn trn cc l thp p gng.
+ H s p gng: t l gia tit din gng v tit din tr.

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Kg =

Sg
ST

Thit k my bin p mt pha


, theo bng 6 sch thit k my bin p ca Phan T Th ta

chn Kg = 1,02.
+ Mt t thng trong gng:
- T cm trong gng: Bg = 1,62/1,02 = 1,585 T.
- T cm khe h khng kh vi mi ni thng: Bk = BT = 1,62 T.
- T cm khe h khng kh vi mi ni xin: BK = 1,62/ 2 = 1,46.

7. Cc thng s tn hao ca m hiu thp.


Theo bng 44-4 c tnh m hiu thp 3404, dy 0,35 mm sch thit k
my bin p ta c
+ Tn hao trong thp: PFeT = 1,358w/kg; PFeG = 1,251w/kg.
+ Tn hao trong tr: QT = 1,956 VA/ kg; trong gng QG = 1,575VA/ kg,
trong khe h vung gc qK = 0,61VA/ cm2, khe h cho qK= 0,0956VA/
cm2.
8. cc thng s khc.
+ Theo bng 13.7 sch thit k my in Nguyn Hng Thanh, h s
tn hao ph chn Kf =0,91 khi ngn mch v bng 13.5 cho hng s i vi
dy ng l: a = 1,3; b = 0,4.
Trong :

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

a = d12/d: t s gia tri s trung bnh gia hai dy qun v ng knh


tr st d.
b = 2. a2/ d: t s gia b dy cao p v ng knh tr st.
+ H s hnh dng my bin p .

.d 12
= 1,2 3,8 .
l

Tnh ton cc tham s c bn.


1. ng knh tr st.
d = A.x.
A = 0,507.4

S.a r .Kr
f .U nx .B t2 .K ld2

Trong :
S = 50 kVA: cng sut nh mc my bin p mt pha.
ar: chiu rng quy i t trng tn.
Kr = 0.95 : h s quy i t trng tn.
f = 50 hZ: Tn s dng in;
Unx = 4.7% - thnh phn in p ngn mch phn khng.
Bt = 1.62T : mt t cm trong tr.

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

Kld = 0,86: h s li dng li st.

2.Trng lng tr st.

GT =

A1
+ A 2 .x 2 .
x

Trong :
d = A.x; d12= a.d = A.d.x; = x4.
A1 =1,89.104.a.A3.Kld =1,89.104.1,3.0,12113.0,86 = 40 (kg).
A2 =1,2.104.a.A2.Kld.l0 =1,89.104.1,3.0,12112.0,86.20.10-3 = 4,41 (kg).

A = 0,507.4

S.a r .Kr
50.0,0344
= 0.507.
= 0,1211 .
2
2
f .U nx .B t .K ld
50.4,44.1,62 2 0.86

3.Trng lng st gng.


+ Gng my bin p mt pha c th tnh nh sau: Mt b phn trong
phm vi hai tr ca hai gng bin, c tit din Sg vi chiu di 2.C v trng
lng ca b phn ny gng trn v di l Gg; Mt b phn gm hai na
gc mch t pha ngoi ca hai gng bin vi trng lng ca gng trn v
gng di l Gg; Mt b phn gm hai tr bin c trng lng bng trng
lng ca tr gia:
G G = G 'g' + G 'g + G T .

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

G''g/4

e.d

G'g/2

b)

a)

Hnh 2.2.a) Quy i na tit din tr bc thang v


hnh ch nht; b) Cc phn ca gng.

+ Trng lng ca tr st b phn th nht l:


G 'g = 2S g .2.c. Fe .

Trong :
C = 0,5.d12+0.25d+0,5a12+ a2+a22: chiu rng ca s mch t.
d12: ng knh trung bnh ca hai dy qun h p v cao p.
a12: khong cch gia cun h p v cao p .
a2: b rng cun cao p .
a22: khong cch cun cao p n gng.

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

+ Trng lng st gng b phn th hai:


G 'g' = 4S g .e.d. Fe = 4S g .e.A.x. Fe .

e: h s quy i na tit din gng bin v hnh ch nht tng ng


e.d. Chn e = 0,45.
+ Cng thc tnh trng lng gng:
GG = B1.x3+B2.x2+GT.
B1=1,2.104.Kg.Kld.A3.(a+b+e)
=1,2.104.1,03.0,86.0,12113.(1,3+0,4+0,405) = 42,459(kg).
B2 = 1,2.104.Kg.Kld.A2.(a12+2.a22)
= 1,2.104.1,03.0,86.0,12112.(0,002+0,03) = 5,45(kg).

4. Tn hao khng ti.

P0 = kff' (p T .G T + p G .G G ) .
Trong :
pT, pG: sut tn hao trong tr v gng ca my bin p .

k 'f - h s tn hao ph trong li st, vi tn cn ngui ly k 'f = 1,25.


P0 = 1,125(1,348.G T + 1,251.G G ) = 1,7.G T + 1,563.G G .

5. Cng sut phn khng.

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

Q 0 = kff'' (Q C + Q f + Q K ) .
Trong :
+ kff'' : h s k n s phc hi khng hon ton khi li l tn cng
nh s un nn v p li st, c th ly kff'' = 1,25.
+ Q C : sut tn hao chung ca tr v gng.
Q C = q T .G T + q G .G G = 1,956.G T + 1,575.G G .

+ Q f : cng sut t ho ph i vi mi ni thng.

Q f = 40.q t .G g = 78,24.G g
+ Qk : cng sut t ho nhng khe h khng kh ni gia cc l thp.

Q k = 3,2.q kt .S k = 35,478.x 2 .0103.x2.


Vy :
Q0 = 2,445.GT+1,563.GG+97,8.Gg+136,5.x2.
SK = St = 0,875.Kld.A2.x2= 0,785.0,86.0,12112= 0,

6. Trng lng kim loai hai dy qun .

G dq =

C1
.
x2

11

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

S.a 2
50.1,3 2
2
C 1 = K dq .
= 2,46.10 .
k .K 2ld .B T .U nr .A 2
0,91.0,86 2.1,62 .1,7 .0,12112 .
= 45,2( kg)
Kdq =2,46.10-2.

7. Gi thnh vt liu tc dng:

C 'td = G Fe + K CuFe .G Cu = G Fe + 1,81.G Cu .


8.Thnh phn phn khng dng in khng ti.

i ox =

Q0
10.S

9. Theo lc in ng tc dng ln dy qun:


+Lc in ng tc dng ln dy qun c tnh nh sau:
FK = 0,628.(i max .W ) ..K R .10 6 ( N ).

Trong :
imax = Kn .I;
u nr

100
.(1 + e u ) = 34,2 .
Kn = 1,41.
un
nx

ng sut ko tc dng ln dy dn.

M Cu = 0,.66.10 6.k 2n .k f .k r .

Pn
= 1,795 .
a.A

12

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

r = 1,795.x 3
Sau khi tnh ton cc i lng tham s c bn theo h s hnh
dng =1,2 3,0 trang 38 ta xy dng ng c tnh chi ph vt liu
tc dng v trng lng st, ng.

240
180
150
120

GFe

C'td (%)

GG

100

90
60
GT

30

GCu

1,2 1,4 1,6

2,5 3,0

1,2 1,4 1,6

2,5 3,0

Cc quan h a) trng lng li st, dy qun; b) Gi thnh vt liu tc dng

Lp bng tnh cc i lng vi = 1,23,0

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

1,2

1,4

1,6

2,5

3,0

x= 4

1,0466

1,878

1,1247

1,2754

1,3161

x2= 4

1,0954

1,1832

1,2649

1,5811

1,7321

1,465

1,2871

1,4226

1,9882

2,2795

A 1 40
=
x
x

38,2177

36,7729

35,5656

31,8108

30,3934

A2.x2 = 4,41.x2

4,8309

5,2180

5,5783

0,9728

7,6383

GT = A1/x+ A2.x2

43,0486

41,9909

41,1438

38,7837

38,0318

B1.x3= 42,5.x3

48,7276

54,6997

60,4615

84,4975

96,8790

B2.x2=5,45.x2

5,9702

6,4485

6,8938

8,6172

9,4397

GG = B1.x3+ B2.x2+GT

98,127

103,1391

108,4991

131,8984

144,3505

GFe = GT+ GG

183,8456

187,1209

190,7868

209,4657

220,4140

Gg = 8,168.x3

10,1279

12,2052

13,5405

18,9235

21,6963

P0 = 1,7.GT+1,563.GG

225,9603

232,5910

239,5268

272,0894

290,2738

Q0 = 2,245.GG+1,969.GT

1648

1814,8

1975,8

2648,7

2995

i0x= Q0/10.50

3,2965

3,6297

3,9517

5,2975

5,991

Gdq = C1/x2

41,2618

38,2010

35,7337

28,5870

26,0962

GCu = 1,06.Gdq

43,4945

40,4930

37,275

30,3022

27,6620

C 'td = G Fe + 1,81.G Cu

263,085

260,4133

259,3456

264,3127

270,4823

2,794.106

3.106

3,093.106

3,3577106

3,51106

CF 1,795.x 3

2,2928

2,5739

2,845

d = A.x

0,1266

0,1316

0,1361

0,1521

0,1592

d12 = a.d

0,1646

0,1791

0,1811

0,1978

0,2027

d12

0,4308

0,3838

0,3472

0,2454

0,2167

0,0633

0,0658

0,0680

0,0761

0,0796

x3 = 4

J=

k f .Pn
K.G dq

l = .

2.a2 b.d 0,4.d

14

3,9760

4,5586

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

C= 0,75.d12+0,5.a12+a2+a22

0,2189

0,2183

0,2238

0,2586

0,2461

T bng lp trn ta thy c rng, gi thnh chi ph vt liu tc dng


thp nht trong khong 1,6 1,8 , trong khong tt c cc tham s u
yu cu.
Ta chn vi h s hnh dng =1,6.
1.ng knh tr st: d = 0,1361(m)140mm.
2.ng

knh

trung

bnh

gia

cao

p:

0,1769(m)180mm.
3.Chiu dy cun h p: l = 0,3472(m).
4.Tit din li st :ST = 0,0125 (m2).
5.Chiu di tr li st: lT = l +2.l0 = 0,3971 (m).
6.Khong cch gia cc tr li st: C = 0,2182 (m)220mm.
7.in p mt vng dy: UV = 4,44.f.BT.ST = 4,9664(V).
8.Trng lng tr st: GFe= 190,768 (kg).
9.Trng lng ng: GCu = 37,7337 (kg).
10.Mt dng in : J = 3,093.106A/ mm2.
11.ng sut dy qun: =2,845 MPa.
12.Tn hao khng ti:P0 = 239,5286(W).
13.Dng in khng ti phn khng: i0x = 3,951 (A).

15

d12

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

CHNG 2. TNH TON DY QUN MY BIN P MT PHA.


3.1. Cc kiu dy qun my bin p mt pha.
Theo cch qun dy ta c ta c th chia dy qun my bin p ra lm cc
kiuchnh sau:
+ Dy qun hnh ng dy qun ch nht.
+ Dy qun hnh ng dy dn trn.
+ Dy qun hnh xon.
+ Dy qun xon c lin tc.

3.1.1. Dy qun hnh ng dy qun ch nht.


+Loi dy ny dng dy tit din hnh ch nht qun thnh hnh tr.
Nu dng in ln qu th ghp thnh nhiu si song song. Lc tt nht l
dng cc si cng kch thc ghp k nhau theo hng trc, khng nn ghp
k theo hng knh cho t thng tn trong cc si dy ging nhau v nh
vy tn hao v dng in xoy trong chng s ging nhau v v mt c kh
ghp hng trc cng tt hn.
+ Cc phng php qun dy: Qun np si dy, qun dng si dy.Ni
chung dy qun loi ny nn qun np (theo cnh ln) si dy, khng nn

16

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

qun gn dng (theo cnh nh) si dy ve kh qun hn m dy qun d


nghing i; tn hao ph do dng in xoy tng ln, tn nhit li km.

b
b

a) Qun np si b) Qun gn dng si


dy(hay dng) dy(kiu ny kh
qun dy hn na d
nghing i)

Hnh 3.1.a,b;
+ Nu qun dy mt lp ta c kiu qun dy qun hnh ng mt lp hay
gi l ng n (hnh 3.2.a) ; nu qun dy hai lp ta c kiu dy qun ng kp
(hnh 3.2.b). Kiu hnh ng kp th hai lp ni tip nhau(qun lp trong t trn
xung di, sau lp ngoi qun ngc t di ln). Nh vy u dy phn
lp trong v ui dy phn lp ngoi c in p bng in p pha.
+ Nu Um 1000 V cch in rt n gin, hoc dng mt rnh du 48 mm
hoc dng mt ng giy cch in l .
+Kiu dy qun hnh ng c nhc im l hai u khng c g gi
cht nn d b tung ra do ch dng cho my bin p c nh.Dy qun hnh

17

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

ng kp n nh v mt c kh hn v ni chung d ch to cng n gin nn


dng ph bin trong cc my bin p c cng sut 630 kVA tr xung v in
p di 6 KV.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

a)Dy qun ng n

14
13
12
11
10
9
8

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

14
13
12
11
10
9
8

b)Dy qun hnh ng


dy qun ng kp

Hnh 3.1.2 a,b.


+ Trong cc my bin p dy qun hnh ng n v kp ch yu dng
lm dy qun h p.

3.1.2. Dy qun hnh ng nhiu lp.


+ Dy qun hnh ng nhiu lp dy dn trn (ln hn2) ng tm (hnh
3.2). V s vng dy mt lp nhiu nn in p gia cc lp ln do cch in
khng m bo, cn phi tng cng cch in gia cc lp. Thng dng vi

18

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

lp giy cp l vi in p 10 KV dng 3 lp dy 3.0,12. Dy qun hnh ng


nhiu lp dy dn trn vi in p n 35 KV cn c cch in tt hn;
phng phng in b mt, chiu cao cch in gia cc lp phi cao hn chiu
di dy qun t 2025 mm( c hai pha) v phi qun thm g bng ba cch
in.
+ Qun s lp nhiu quth vic tn nhit kh khn do cn phi c
rnh du dc gia. Khi lm dy qun h p trong,rnh du c th gia
dy qun, cn khi lm cao p ngoi rnh du thng b tr vo qung 1/2
2/ 5 chiu dy cun dy tnh t trong ra ngoi.
+Dy qun c th si hay hai si chp li, t khi dng n 4 si. Khi
dng nhiu si cng khng cn hon v v v tr ca n phn b u n.
+ Dy qun loi ny ch yu c p dng cho my bin p cng sut
di 630 KVA thng cho cp in p n 30 KV.
+ Ngoi ra cn c mt kiu gn ging kiu ng nhiu lp dy dn trn
na gi l dy dn hnh ng nhiu lp phn on, y cng cng lm dy
dn trn. Vic phn on thnh nhiu bnh dy nh vy s gim in p gia
cc lp cnh nhau trong tng bnh dy, nh c th ci thin c vn
cch in gia cc lp. Mt khc vic lm ngui cun dy cng d dng hn.
Nhc im ca dy qun ny l vic qun dy phc tp hn.
+ Kiu dy qun ny c s vng dy t, tit din ln nn dng lm dy
qun h p. u im ca n l chu c lc c hc tt, tn nhit tt. Nhng
nhc im ca n l chiu di ca cc si dy ghp khng bng nhau nn
in tr khc nhau, t thng tn khng u (cng xa tr st t thng tn cng

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

nh) nn in khng tn cng khc nhau. Mt khc dng in khng u lm


tng tn hao ph. V vy cc si dy chp qun quanh tr cn c hon v.

Vnh m ba
cch in

Tm lt cch in
bng giy cp

qun bng bng


vi

Cch in lp

3.2.a) Dy dn hnh ng mt lp
dy dn trn

3.2 b)Cch in phn u ca dy qun hnh ng


nhiu lp.

3.1.3. Dy qun hnh xon.

20

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

+ i vi dy qun hnh xon mch n theo chiu di dy qun ngi


ta thng hon v ba ch gm: Hai hon v phn t khong

1
3
v
chiu
4
4

cao cun dy v mt hon v ton b gia cun dy.

Hnh 3.3.Dy qun hnh


xon a) mch n b)
mch kp.

3.1.4.Dy qun xon c lin tc.


+ y ta dng dy dn tit din ch nht qun lin tc thnh nhiu
bnh theo ng xoy c phng. Nh vy chiu cao bnh dy va bng chiu
cao si dy. Gia tt c cc bnh dy hay vi bnh dy mt c rnh du ngang
(hnh 3.4) sut cun dy khng c mi hn no ni gia cc bnh dy nn
c gi l dy qun lin tc. C th dng mt hay nhiu si dy chp li
qun nhng khng nn qu 4.

21

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

+ Dy qun lin tc c u im l chu lc c hc tt, lm ngui tt v


khng c mi hn. Nhng nhc im l qu trnh qun phc tp, v khi qun
mt bnh t trong ra ngoi nh thng l, th bnh tip theo phi qun t
ngoi vo trong. Mun qun c bnh ny trc ht phi qun tm t trong
ra ngoi nh bnh trc , sau khi y bnh phi gi ly u cui v
u u ca n ri dng tay np li cho nhng vng trong ra ngoi v vng
ngoi vo trong. Nh vy ta c i bnh th nht. C th ip tc sang

nhng i bnh khc.

3.4. Dy qun xoy c


lin tc.
+ Yu cu i vi loi dy qun ny l:
- Cc u ra ca dy qun phi pha ngoi cng bnh dy, cch
in phin phc. Nh vy s bnh phi l s chn.

22

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

- Khi chp nhiu si phi hon v gia cc si dy. Nhng vic hon
v y c th tin hnh gia hai bnh dy cnh nhau v khng lm thay i
chiu cao ca dy qun.
+ Dy qun xoy c lin tc c dng ch yu lm cun cao p v
thng c s dng trong di cng sut rng cc my bin p t 160
100000 kVA v in p t 2 n 500 KV.

3.2. Cch in trong my bin p.


3.2.1 Vt liu cch in dng trong my bin p.
a) Giy cp: Thng c cc loi giy cp dy 0,08; 0,12; 0,17 mm.
Trong cc my bin p thng dng loi giy loi 0,12 mm bc quanh cc
si dy ng; ngoi ra giy cp cn dng lm cch in gia cc lp dy qun
hay ct thnh bng nh cch in cho dy dn ra v tng cng cch in
cho cc vng dy u cun cao p t 6, 10 n500 KV. Giy cp l mt trong
nhng cch in chnh trong my bin p. M hiu giy cp Nga l k-08; k12; k-17.
b) Giy in thoi: Mng hn giy cp (thng dy 0,05 5% mm)
thng dng lm cch in gia cc lp, cch in cho cc dy dn ra ca mt
s dy dn trn. M hiu giy Nga l KT- 50.
c) Vi sn: My bin p du thng dng loi vi hay la qua 3 ln
tm du sn c chiu dy 0,17; 0,20;0,24 mm.
d) Bng vi:

23

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

C hai loi: Loi si cho dy 0,54 0,02 mm v loi si thng dy 0,28 0,02
mm, rng t 1,5 5 cm. Trong my bin p dng bng vi ny gi cht cc
vng dy ca dy qun, hay bc cht cch in ca dy qun khng nhm
cch in.
) Ba cch in: Ba cch in c ch to thnh tng tm c chiu
dy 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 2,5; 3,0 mm hay cng c loi ch to thnh tng
cun rng ti 1000 mm, dy 0,5 mm. Thng dng lm tm m gia cc
bnh dy, gi cch in, bc vch tm chn, vng m hay ng cch in
gia cc dy qun.
e) Thnh phm ng baklit: Thng lm ng cch in, b y c hai
pha2;4;6;8 mm v hn na lm cch in gia cc dy dn ra. Cc loi ng
ln dng cch in gia cc dy qun hay gia dy qun vi tr st.
g) G: Thng dng l g d trng lm que nm lng dy qun v
cch in hnh tr hay lm que nm gia cc lp dy qun nu U10 KV,
cng c th dng lm que nm li st v dy qun h p. G d dng lm
kp dy dn ra, lm dm p gng.
h) S: Dng trong my bin p du xuyn dy dn vo.
i) Du my bin p: Dng lm cch in v lm ngui my bin p.

3.2.2. Cc kt cu cch in v kghong cch cch in.


3.2.2.1 Cch in chnh.
+ L cch in gia cc dy qun vi cc b phn ni t. Cch in
phi m bo chu c nhng qu in p ngn hn (c lc ti 4 ln in p

24

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

nh mc) do nhng thao tc thng thng trong li (nh ng ct ti ln...)


hay s c (ngn mch, t dy...).
+ Cch in gia h p v cao p, gia dy qun vi tr thng dung
dng ng cng lm t giy baklit. Cch in gia dy qun v gng trn,
gng di thng dng cc vng m.Vi in p cun cao p 35 KV th

l2

l02

l01

kt cu cch in v cc tm m c dng n gin.

HA
1

a01

a1

HA
2

a2

Hnh 3.2.1. Khong cch cch in chnh ca dy


qun CA vi in p th 5 n 85 KV; ng t nt
ch khong phng in c th, ng quyt nh
kch thc ld.

3.2.2 Cch in dc.


+ Cch in dc l cch in gia cc vng dy , gia cc lp dy v
gia cc bnh dy. Cch in dc phi m bo cho dy dn phi chu c
nhng qu in p thin nhin, thng do sng in p xung kch ca st
truyn ngoi ng dy ti my bin p. Nhng sng in p ny trong

25

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

trng hp nghim trng c th ln gp 10 ln in p nh mc thi gian tc


dng vi micr giy. Cch in ny c th xc nh theo bn in c vi
tn s 50 hZ v c vi in p xung kch.
+ Cch in gia cc vng dy chnh l nh cch in bc xung quanh
si dy. Cc my bin p in lc hin nay thng dng hai loi dy cch
in sau:
-Dy ng trng men ( may) bc si bng ng knh 1,185,2 mm.
Dy ny ca Nga k hiu l b0.
- Dy ng bc giy cp kp, vi dy trn ng knh 1,185,2 mm;
vi dy ch nht c cnh nh t 1,4 5,6 mm, cnh ln t 3,75 16,0 mm.
+ Cch in gia cc lp dy:
- Thng dng l giy cp hay giy in thoi, ba cch in hay c th
dng rnh du hoc dng rnh khng kh dc trc.

a)

c)
b)
d)
) rnh
Cch in gia cc lp.
du.
a) Giy cp; b)Giy cp hoc giy in thoi; c,d:
ba cch in

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

3.2.3 Cch in gia cc bnh dy: i vi dy qun kiu bnh dy, c th


phn ra lm nhiu loi rnh khc nhau. C bnh dy chnh, c bnh dy iu
chnh in p thng b tr gia chiu cao cun dy. Tu theo tng loi m
kch thc v khong cch cch in ca chng khc nhau.
+ i vi bnh dy chnh , cch in gia chng thng l cc rnh du
ngang (hnh3.2.3 a) hoc c thm nhng m cch in thng (hnh 3.2.3c,d)
hay m gy gc (hnh 3.2.3a). Trng hp thm cch in gia l dng cho
bnh dy c in p ln. Chiu rng rnh du thng khng chn nh hn 4
m; nu dng m cch in th ghp hai tm, mi tm dy d = 5 mm vi u

hr

tha a 6 mm.

a
a)
c)
b)
d)
Hnh 3.2.3 Cch in gia cc bnh dy.

3.3. Cc kiu b tr on dy iu chnh v cch iu chnh dy qun cao


p
27

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

+Nh ta bit ti ca my bin p lun thay i. Khi ti thay i, in


p ra ca my bin p cng thay i theo . duy tr in p ra n nh, cn
phi thit k cc u dy iu chnh in p thay i s vng dy cho thch
hp. Cc u dy iu chnh (hay cn gi l u phn p) thng b tr trn
cun cao p gm nhiu vng dy do d iu chnh chnh xc; mt khc dng
in li nh nn c th lm b i ni nh, gn.
+ cc my bin p gim p mun tng hay gim in p cun h p
th phi tng hay gim cun cao p; cc my bin p tng p mun tng hay
gim cun cao p th phi tng hay gim s vng dy trn bn thn cun cao p.
Vic iu chnh ni trn c tin hnh bng tay khi my bin p c ct ra
khi li in- ta gi l iu chnh in p khng kch thch (KT). Mun iu
chnh t ng v khng phi ct my bin p ra khi li in th phi c thit
b iu chnh in p t ng di ti. Nhng my bin p nh vy gi l my
bin p iu chnh di ti (DT).
+ Tiu chun quc t vi my bin p cng sut 25 200.000 KVA khi
iu chnh khng kch thch th cun cao p b hai n 4 cp iu chnh: + 5,+
2,5;-2,5;- 5% in p nh mc. Vic chuyn i cc u iu chnh in p
c tin hnh nh b i ni ring t trong my bin p c tay quay iu
khin.
+ Khi iu chnh in p s c mt s vng dy khng c dng in do
lc tc dng t ln trng tm dy qun lch i lm cho my bin p chu
nhng lc chiu trc ng k. Cch b tr v chn cc on iu chnh in p
phi m bo lm sao cho lc nh nht (c bit l khi c ngn mch) v t
trng tn c u n hn.

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

C cc kiu b tr on dy iu chnh sau:

X1
X2

A6
A4

X1
X1

X3
X4
X5
a)

A3 A2

X2

X3

X3
X4
X5

X5

c)

b)

X2
X4

A5
A7

d)

Hnh 3.3. Cc s khc nhau iu chnh in p cun cao p khi


khng c in.

a) on dy iu chnh cui dy qun (hnh 3.3.a) Kiu ny hay dng


trong my bin p cng sut ti 160 KVA vi dy qun hnh ng nhiu lp v
lc cc u phn p nm lp ngoi. i vi my bin p c cng sut
250 KVA tr ln, trnh lc c hc tc dng ln cc vng dy khi ngn
mch, thng on dy iu chnh nm lp ngoi cng, mi nc iu chnh
c b tr lm hai nhm trn di dy qun ni ni tip vi nhau (hnh 3.3.b)
v phn b u trn ton chiu cao dy qun nn khng xut hin lc chiu
trc. Ch rng hai nhm ca on dy iu chnh phi qun cng chiu vi
dy qun chnh.
b) on dy iu chnh gia dy qun vi u dy ni ngc hnh
3.3.c: Kiu ny thng dng cho cc my bin p c cng sut khng qu
1000 KVA v in p n 38,5 KV vi dy qun hnh ng nhiu lp phn

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

on hay dy qun xoy c lin tc. m bo t thng cng chiu trong li


st, hai na cun dy phi qun ngc chiu nhau. Kiu ny lc chiu trc
nh, nhng in p gia hai u A1 X rt ln nn phi tng cng cch in
, chiu cao dy qun s tng ln. V vy khng dng vi in p qu cao.
c) on dy iu chnh gia dy qun vi u ni thun (hnh
3.3.d) kiu ny dng cho cc loi dy qun nh kiu th hai trnh by trong
hnh 3.3.c, nhng vi in p cao hn t 3 220 KV v khc phc c
nhng nhc im ca kiu trn.

3. 4 .Tnh ton dy qun h p.


1.La chn dy qun :
+ Theo bng 38 sch thit k my in Phan T Th. Ta xem xt 2
kiu dy qun thng hay s dng pha h p vi my bin p mt pha cng
sut : S = 50 KVA.
-Loi dy qun hnh ng mt hay hai lp dy dn ch nht, dng ch
yu cho pha h p; cng ngh ch to n gin r lm lnh tt; bn c thp,
chu c cng sut ti 630 KVA, dng n 800 A, in p n 6 KV.
- Dy qun kiu hnh xon, kp dy dn ch nht, dng ch yu cho
pha h p; bn c cao, cch in bo m, lm lnh tt; gi thnh cao hn
so vi dy qun hnh ng, cp cng sut 160 KVA tr ln, dng 300 A tr ln,
v chu c in p ti 35 KV.
+ Ta la chn kiu dy qun 1: Kiu dy qun hnh ng ch nht hai
lp, dy dn bng ng.

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

1.S vng dy qun h p.


W1HA =

U1
220
=
= 44,29 44( vng) .
U V 4,9664

+ Ta chia s vng dy qun h p ra lm hai lp, mi lp 22 vng khng chp


si.
+ S vng dy mi lp: W11 =

W1
= 22 vng.
2

1.Mt dng in trung bnh dy qun h p.


J tb = 0,746.k f .

Pn .U V
850.4,9664
= 0,746.0,91.
= 3,2 A / mm 2 .
50.0,1769
S.d12

+ S b chn mt dng in trong dy qun h p :


J1 = 3,23 A/ mm2.

2.Tit din dy qun h p.


S 1HA =

I 1 227,273
A
=
= 71,02
.
J tb
3,2
mm 2

3.Chiu cao hng trc ca mi vng dy:


h V1 =

l1
W11 + 1

347,2
= 15 mm.
22 + 1

4.La chn dy dn h p.

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

+ Cn c vo hV1 v S1 da vo bng 44- 10 sch thit k my bin p


ca Phm Vn Doanh ta chn: Loi dy dn ch nht bng ng vi kch
thc ab/ ab = 5,114,5/5,715,1, gia hai lp dy qun h p c t hai
ba dy: 20,5 (mm).

5.Mt dng in thc.


J1 =

I 1 227,273
=
= 3,06 A / mm 2 .
S1
74,10

6.Chiu cao tnh ton ca dy qun h p :


l 1 = h V1 (W11 + 1) + (0,005 0,015 ) = 0,0151.23 + 0,01 = 0,357 (m).

+ Trong :
hV1 = b = 15,1 mm = 0,0151 m; W11 = 22.
Tr s 0,0050,015 l k n vic qun dy khng cht s b ly = 0,01.

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

14,50mm

15,1mm

5,70mm

5,1

Kch thc dy
qun h p.
7.B dy dy qun h p.

a 1 = (2.a ' + a 11 ).10 3 = (2.5,7 + 5).10 3 = 16,4.10 3 = 16,4 (mm).

8.ng knh trong dy qun h p.

D 1' = d + 2.a 01 .10 3 = 0,1361 + 2.5.10 3 = 0,1461 (m).


Theo bng 18- sch thit k my bin p Phan T Th:
+ a01 = 5 mm: khong cch cch in t tr n cun h p .

9.ng knh ngoi ca dy qun h p .

D 1'' = D 1' + 2.a 1 = 0,1461 + 0,01464 = 0,1625 (m).

33

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

10.B mt lm ngui ca dy qun h p .

M 1 = (n + 1).k..(D 1' + D 1'' ).l1


Trong :
n = 1: s rnh du dc trc.
k = 0,75: h s k n s che khut ca nm v cc chi tit khc.
Vi n = 1/ M1 = 0,5189 m2.
n = 0/ M1 = 0,259 m2.

01

a11

S dng cho vic xc


nh kch thc hng knh
ca dy qun

3.5 Tnh ton dy qun cao p .


34

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

1.S vng dy cun cao p .


W2 dm =

U 2 22.1000
=
= 4429,76 4430 ( vng).
UV
4,9664

quy chun: W2m = 4430 vng.

2.S vng dy dn ca tng cp iu chnh.


+ Ta la chn s cao p vi cch iu chnh 4 cp: 5%; 2,5%.
+ S vng iu chnh:
Wdc = 0,025.W2 dm = 4430 .0,025 = 110 ( vng ).

W2 = 4430+2.110 = 4650 (vng).


W2 = 4430+1.110 = 4540 vng.
W2 = 4430 vng.
W2 = 4430-1.110 = 4320 vng.
W2 = 4430-2.110 = 4210 vng.

3.Mt dng in trung bnh trong dy dn cao p.

J tb = 3,23 A / mm 2 .
S b chn: J = 3,0 A/mm2.

4. Chn kiu dy qun :

35

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

+ Theo bng 38 chn kiu dy qun: dy qun cao p ch yu 4


kiu.Hnh ng nhiu lp dy dn trn; hnh ng nhiu lp phn on; dy dn
xoy c lin tc v hnh ng nhiu lp dy ch nht.
+ i vi my bin p mt pha: S = 50 KVA,UCA = 22 KV, ICA = 2,273
A dng cao p b ta la chn kiu dy qun cao p hnh ng nhiu lp.
+ c im v phm vi s dng ca kiu dy qun ny: Cng ngh ch
to n gin; tn nhit km v bn c gim khi cng sut tng; s dng ti
cng sut 630 KVA, dng in ti 100 A, in p ti 35 KV.
+ S dng s iu chnh in p hnh 3.3,a.

5. S b chn tit din dy dn:


S '2 =

I 2 2,273
=
= 0,71(mm 2 ).
J2
3,2

6. Chn dy dn.
+ La chn dy dn bng ng, dy dn trn, theo bng 20 la chn: 1

d2
0,96
= 1
mm.
'
d2
1,025
+ Tit din ton phn (k c cch in): S2 = 0,824 mm2.
+ Mt dng in thc trong dy dn cao p:
J2 =

2,273
= 3,14 A / mm 2 .
0,723

36

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

7. S vng dy dn mt lp:
l 2 .10 3
34,7.10 3
W12 =
1=
1 = 338 ( vng).
n V 2 .d '2
1.1,025

l2 = l1 0,357 m; d '2 = 1,025mm.

8.S lp dy qun.
n 12 =

W2 4430
=
= 13,1 13 (lp ).
W12
338

9. in p lm vic ca 2 lp k nhau:
U12 = 2.W12.UV = 2.338.4,9664 = 3357,3 (V).

10. Cn c vo bng 26 sch thit k my bin p ca Phan T Th, chn


chiu dy cch in gia cc lp: 5 0,12 = 0,6 mm.
11.Tra bng 18 v 19 sch thit k my bin p Phan t T ta chn cc
kch thc c bn sau:
+ a12 = 20 mm: Khong cch gia Cao p v H p .
+ 12 = 5 mm: Chiu dy ng cch in gia hai dy qun.
+ Khong cch t Cao p n gng: l02 = 75 mm.

12.Phn phi cc vng dy trong cc lp, chia t:


+ tng iu kin lm ngui thng theo chiu dy ca dy qun phn
lm hai t lp. Gia hai lp c rnh du dc trc a '22 . T lp trong lm ngu

37

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

kh khn hn nn b tr t lp hn t lp ngoi. Thng t lp trong khng


qu1/3 n 2/5 tng s lp dy qun.
+ Cn c vo trn ta chn:
T lp 1: n = 4, t lp trong.
T lp2: m = 9, t lp ngoi.

13.B dy dy qun cao p.

a 2 = d '2 .(n + m ) + .(n 1 + m 1) + a '22

= 1,025.(4 + 9 ) + 2.0,3.(4 1 + 9 1) + 10 = 30 (mm).


+ Ta phi tnh thm b dy thc ca dy qun Cao p khi a ra cc

u ni dy qun iu chnh; u dy iu chnh khng b bung th cn phi


c dy gai qun cht n, ta c 6 u dy dn cao p a ra:
+ Nh vy k c cch in u dy dn ra v bc cch in ca n ta s
b chn thm : 10 mm.
+ B dy thc cun cao p: a2 = 30+10 = 40 (mm).

14.ng knh trong dy qun cao p.

D '2 = D 1' + 2.a 12 .10 3 = 0,1625 + 2.20.10 3 0,21 (m) = 210mm.


15.ng knh ngoi dy qun cao p.

D 2/'' = D '21 + 2.a 2 . = 210 + 2.40 = 290 (mm).


16.Khong cch gia hai tr cnh nhau.
38

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

C = 0.5D '21' + .a 22 + 0,25.d = 0,5.290 + 40 + 0,25.140 = 220 (mm).


17.B mt lm lnh ca dy qun cao p.

M 2 = 1,5.k..(D 2' + D 2'' ).l 2 = 1,5.0,88..(0,2025 + 0,2325).0,357 = 0,643(m 2 ).

Trong :
+ k = 0,88: h s k n s che khut ca nm v cc chi tit cch in
khc.

18.La chn s iu chnh dy qun .


+ Vi cch la chn dy qun hnh ng nhiu lp nh trn ta la chn
s iu chnh dy qun nh sau:

A
X1
X2

X3
X4
X5

39

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

+ on dy iu chnh cui dy qun kiu ny hay dng cho cc my


bin p cng sut ti 160 KVA.
in p (KV)

S vng dy

Cc cc dy qun

(Vng)
23,10

4650

AX1

22,55

4540

AX2

22,0

4430

AX3

21,45

4320

AX4

20,9

4210

AX5

19.Trng lng dy qun H p.


D 1' + D 1''
G Cu1 = 28.
.W1dm .S 1' .10 3 =
2
0,1461 + 0,1625
= 28.
.44.86,07.10 3.10 6 = 16,36 ( kg).
2
20.Trng lng dy dn cao p .
D '2 + D '2'
G Cu 2 = 28.
.W1dm .S '2 .10 3 =
2
0,2025 + 0,2325
= 28.
.4430.0,765.10 3.10 6 = 20,67 ( kg).
2
21.Ton b trng lng dy qun k c cch in ca dy dn cao p v h
p :
Gdd = 13,36 + 20,67 =37,025 (kg).

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

22.S b tr dy qun cao p v h p(trang bn).


+ Sau khi tnh ton v quy chun ta c:
d = 140 mm; d12 = 180 mm; D1 = 150 mm; D1 = 166,4 mm; D2 =
210mm; D1 = 290 mm; a01 = 10 mm; 1 = 5 mm; a1 = 16,4 mm; a12 =20
mm; 12 = 5 mm; a2 = 30mm; l02 = 75 mm.;l = 20 mm.

41

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

l02

140

150

166,4

a22

180
210
240

a1

12

a1

2
a21

a2

a12

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

CHNG 3: TNH TON NGN MCH DY QUN


MY BIN P MT PHA.
4.1.ai cng.
+ Tn hao ngn mch ca my bin p hai dy qun l tn hao trong
my bin p khi ngn mch mt dy qun cn dy qun kia t vo in p
ngn mch Un dng in trong c hai dy dn u bng nhh mc.
+ Tn hao ngn mch c th chia ra cc thnh phn nh sau:
a) Tn hao chnh, tc tn hao ng trong dy qun h p v cao p do
dng in gy ra PCu1 v PCu2.
b) Tn hao ph trong hai dy qun do t thng tn xuyn qua dy qun
lm cho dng in phn b khng u trong tit dy gy ra Pf1 v Pf2.
c) Tn hao chnh trong dy dn ra Pr1v Pr2.
d) Tn hao ph trong dy dn ra Prf1v Prf2 thng tn hao ny rt nh
ta b qua.
) Tn hao trong vch thng du v cc chi tit kim loi khc Pt do t
thng tn gy ra.
+ Thng th tn hao c tnh gp vo trong tn hao chnh bng cch
thm vo tn hao chnh bng vic thm vo h s tn hao ph Kf. Vy tn hao
ngn mch tnh theo cng thc sau:
Pn = PCu1.Kf1+ PCu2.Kf2 + Pr1+ Pr2+Pt.

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

4.2. Tnh ton tn hao ph.


1.Tn hao chnh.
+ Dy qun h p:
PCu1 = 2,4.10 12 .J 2tb .G Cu1 = 2,4.10 12 .3,06 2 .16,36 = 367,6 ( W ).

Trong : Jtb = 3,06 A/mm2; GCu1 = 16,36 kg.


+ Dy qun h p:
PCu 2 = 2,4.10 12 .J 12tb .G Cu 2 = 2,4.10 12 .3,13 2 .20,67 = 486 ( W ).

Trong : Jtb = 3,13 A/mm2; GCu1 = 20,67 kg.


+ Tng tn hao ng chnh:
PCu = PCu1+PCu2 = 376,6 +486 = 853,6 W.

1
W1
S1
J1
PCu1

S dng
xc nh trng
lng dy ng
v tn hao trong
dy qun.

2
W2
S2
J2
PCu2

Dtb1
d12
Dtb2

44

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Thit k my bin p mt pha

2.Tn hao chnh trong dy dn ra.


+ Dy dn h p:

Pr1 = 2,4.10 12 G r1HA .J 12 = 2,4.10 12.0,93.3,06 2 = 20,49( W).


Trong :
Gr1HA = 3,5.l1.S1..10-6 = 3,5.0,347.86,07.8900.10-6 = 0,93 (kg).
J1 = 3,06 A/mm2.
+ Dy dn cao p :

Pr 2 = 2,4.10 12 G r 2 CA .J 22 = 2,4.10 12.0,08.3,132 = 1,88( W).


Trong :
Gr2CA = 3,5.l2.S2..10-6 = 3,5.0,347.0,724.8900.10-6 = 0,08 (kg).
J1 = 3,136 A/mm2.

3.Tn hao trong thng v cc chi tit khc.


Pt = 10.k.S = 10.0,015.50 = 7,5 (W).
Trong :
+ Tr s k tra trong bng 40a sch thit k my bin p Phm Vn
Doanh ta ly k = 0,015.

45

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

4.Tng tn hao ngn mch.


Pn = PCu1.Kf1+ PCu2.Kf2 + Pr1+ Pr2+Pt = PCu.Kf+ Pr1+ Pr2+Pt
= 853,6.1,02 +20,49 + 1,88 + 7,5 = 900 (W).
Trong : Ly Kf1 = Kf2 = Kf = 1,02, h s tn hao ph.

4.3. Xc nh in p ngn mch.


+ in p ngn mch ca my bin p hai dy qun Un l in p t
vo mt dy qun vi tn s nh mc, cn dy qun kia ni ngn mch sao
cho dng in c hai pha u bng dng in nh mc tng ng.
+ Tr s Un l mt tham s rt quan trng nh hng ti c tnh vn
hnh cng nh kt cu ca my bin p:
- Khi Un b th dng in ngn mch In gy ln lc tc dng c hc ln
trong my bin p .
- Khi Un ln th in p ging U trong my bin p tng ln nh
hng ti cc h dng in (n ti...).
- Phn phi ti khng tt dn ti my bin p mt pha lm vic khng
cn ti.

1.Thnh phn in p ngn mch tc dng.

U nr =

Pn
900
=
= 1,8 %.
10.S 10.50

2. Thnh phn ngn mch phn khng.


46

n tt nghip

U nx =

Thit k my bin p mt pha

7,92.f .S..a r
7,92.50.50.1,6.0,95
.K r .10 1 =
.0,95.10 1 = 4,48% .
2
2
UV
4,9664

3. in p ngn mch ton phn:

U n = U 2nr + U 2nx = 1,82 + 4,482 = 4,8% .


4.So snh in p ngn mch tnh ton vi in p ngn mch tiu chun:
U n =

U ntt U nTC
U nTC

.100 = 3,6% .

* Nhn xt: Gi tr in p ngn mch tnh ton trn l t yu


cu thit k.
4.4 Tnh lc c hc ca dy qun my bin p.
+Khi my bin p b s c ngn mch th dng in ngn mch s rt
ln.Vn nhit i vi my bin p khng quan trng lm, my ct s t
ng ct phn s c ra khi li in, do vn ch yu l lc c hc gy
ln tc dng nguy him i vi dy qun my bin p. Bi vy m bo
cho my bin p lm vic an ton, khi thit k ta phi ch n nhng lc c
hc tc dng ln dy qun khi ngn mch xem bn dy qun c m bo
khng:
- Phi xc nh tr s cc i ca dng ngn mch.
- Xc nh lc c hc gia cc dy qun.

47

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

- Tnh ng sut c ca cc m cch in gia cc dy qun v bn


thn dy qun .

1.Tr s hiu dng ca dng in ngn mch:


In =

I dm
2,273
.100 =
.100 = 45,46 (A).
Un
5

2. Tr hiu dng ca dng ngn mch xc lp:


In =

I dm
2,273.100
.100 =
= 45,46 (A).
5
Un

3.Tr s cc i (hay xung kch) ca dng in ngn mch.


+ Khi ngn mch t nhin dng in ngn mch gm hai thnh phn:
mt thnh phn chu k v mt thnh phn t do khng chu k. Chnh thnh
phn t do khng chu k lm tr s dng in ngn mch tng ln rt ln.

i max

= 2 . I n + I n .

nr

U nx

.1, 8

4 , 48
= 82,5 (A).
= 2 . 45,46 + 45,64.

4.Tnh lc c hc khi ngn mch.


+ Khi ngn mch dy qun chu lc c hc ln rt ln. Nu khng xt
k c th lc c hc lm h hng dy qun. Lc c hc sinh ra do tc dng
ca dng in trong dy qun vi t trng tn.
+Dy qun H p v Cao p u l dy qun ng tm, c cng chiu
cao; t trng tn gm c thnh phn dc trc vi t cm B v thnh phn

48

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

ngang trc vi t cm B, ng vi mi t trng tn s c lc tc dng tng


ng.

B'

Fr

Fr

a2

a12

a1

Hnh 4.1.T trng tn dc v ngang trong dy qun


ng tm.

5. Tnh lc hng knh tc dng ln dy qun.


+ Dy qun m ta xt y l dy qun ng tm, nn cng thc tnh
nh sau:
Fr = 0,628(W2 .i max ) ..K r .10 6 = 0,628(4430.82,5 ) .1,6.0,95.10 6
2

= 127502 ( N ).

Trong :
+ imax = 82,5: Tr s cc i dng in in ngn mch.

49

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

+ W2= 4430: S vng dy cun Cao p ng vi U2 m = 22 KV.


+ = 1,6: H s hnh dng my bin p.
+ Kr = 0,95: H s quy i t trng tn.
+ Lc hng knh Fr i vi hai loi dy qun ng tm H p v Cao
p l trc i vi nhau, c tc dng p (hay nn) i vi dy qun trong v c
tc dng trng hay bung i vi dy qun ngoi. Lc phn b u dc chu vi
ca hai dy qun.

Hnh 4.2. Tc dng ca lc hng knh


ln dy qun ng tm.
6. Lc chiu trc tc dng ln dy qun.
+ Lc chiu trc c tc dng nn c hai dy qun theo chiu trc, lc
chiu trc FT c xu hng ln nht l gia dy qun v hai u p li v c
xu hng lm sp nhng vng dy ngoi cng nu qun khng cht.

50

n tt nghip
FT = F.

Thit k my bin p mt pha

ar
0,95
= 127502.
= 6687 ( N ).
2.l
2.0,347

7. ng sut trong dy qun H p v Cao p.


+ dy qun H p (ng sut nn).

nHA =

Fr
127502
=
= 5,36 ( MPa ).
'
2..W1 .S 1 2..44.86,07.10 6

W1 = 44 vng; S1 = 86,07 mm2.


+ dy qun Cao p (ng sut ko).

kCA =

Fr
127502
=
= 5,56 ( MPa ).
'
2..W2 .S 2 2..4430.0,825.10 6

W2 = 4430vng; S2 = 0,825 mm2.

8.ng sut dc trc cc cun dy Cao p v H p.


Ft .10 6
6657.10 6
n =
=
(0,1461 + 0,1625) .(0,0164 1.10 3 )
D ' + D '' )
(
.
.(a 1 a 11 ) .
2
2
= 0,85 ( MPa ).
* Nhn xt:

H P =5,36 MPa, CAO P =5,56 MPa<CF =18 20 MPa.

51

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

Vic thit k dy qun cho my bin p mt pha nh trn khi ngn xy


ra cc ng sut c tc dng ln dy qun nh hn rt nhiu so vi tr s cho
php ln tho mn.

LI NI U.

hi khng ngng pht trin sinh hot ca ngi dn khng


ngng c nng cao nn cn lng in nng ln cng nh yu

cu s dng nhiu loi my in mi phc v sn xut. Tc pht trin


sn xut ca mt nc i hi mt tc pht trin tng ng ca ngnh
cng nghip in lc. Thng tc ny pht trin cao hn 20% tc pht
trin ca nn sn xut, do ngnh ch to my in cn c nhng yu cu
cao hn v mt s lng, cht lng v chng loi. Ta bit rng i vi my
in c cng sut cng ln th gi thnh trn mt n v cng sut cng h nn
my in c xu hng sn xut ngy cng ln. Hin ti cc my pht nhit
in c cng sut sn xut n chic 11,5 triu KW v my pht thu in
t 7080 vn KW.Do vy ngnh cng nghip ch to my bin p cng cn
c s pht trin tng ng.
My bin p in lc l mt b phn rt quan trng trong h thng ti
in. Vic truyn ti in nng i xa t nh my in n phc v sinh hot
cng nh sn xut cng nghip cn phi tri qua 45 ln tng gim in p.
Hiu sut ca my bin p rt ln (9899%) nhng do s lng my bin p
ln nn tng tn hao trong h thng rt ng k v th phi ch n vn
gim tn hao, nht l tn hao khng ti my bin p. gii quyt vn ny
hin nay trong cng nghip sn xut my bin p ngi ta s dng ch yu

52

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

thp cn ngui, c sut tn hao v cng sut t ho thp, mt khc cn thay


i kt cu mch t mt cch thch hp nh ghp mi ni nghing cc l tn,
t ng lp rp v.v...Nh vy m cng sut v hiu sut tng ln.
My bin p ba ni chung v my bin p in lc mt pha ni ring c
ng dng rt rng ri nn t ra vn phi ci tin cng ngh nhm to ra
nhng sn phm c cht lng cao hn, gi thnh r hn v thch hp vi sinh
hot cng nh sn xut. V vy t ra yu cu phi tm ra phng n thit k
tt nht.
Trong quyn n ny, nhim v ca em l:
* Tm hiu, chn phng n thit k my bin p mt pha sao cho tn
hao khng ti, tn hao ngn mch v chi ph cho vt liu tc dng l nh nht.
Mc ch ca em l gim c tn hao khng ti, tng hiu sut my bin p
mt pha.
* Mt s ch khi s dng my bin p mt pha.
Do trnh ca em c hn ch v iu kin thi gian c hn nn trong
bn thit k ny khng trnh khi sai st. Em rt mong c s gip v ch
bo tn tnh ca cc thy c gio v cc bn em c s hiu bit su hn v
my in.
Sau mt thi gian nghin cu, hc tp v c s gip tn tnh ca
thy, c gio. c bit l thy gio: CHU NH KHIT trong b mn Thit b
in - in t, khoa in, trng i Hc Bch Khoa H Ni nhit tnh
hng dn gip em hon thnh tt nhim v thit k ca mnh.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!

53

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha


H Ni, ngy 30 thng 4 nm 2004.
Sinh vin thit k:

ON VN C

chng I. Tm hiu chung v my bin p v phng n thit k my bin p


mt pha
1.1 phm vi s dng my bin p mt pha.
my bin p mt pha.
Loi my ny thng s dng vi mc ch cung cp cho ph ti phn
tn; khi m vic s dng my bin p ba pha khng t hiu qu tt lm.
V loi my ny kt cu n gin, d ch to nn c u im:
+ Phn b ph ti cho u.
+ Kinh t trong vic cung cp cho ph ti phn tn.
a) Phn b ph ti cho u.
+Vi ph ti phn tn c c im l ti khng tp trung vo mt ch
nn vic cung cp in cho loi ph ti ny l rt kh khn. V n t ra vn
l phi cung cp cho ti cho u. My bin p mt pha p ng c yu
cu ny v n ch to rt n gin, kt cu nh gn, ta c th t lin mt
mlc nhiu my bin p mt pha trung tm ph ti phn tn.
b)

S dng my bin p mt pha rt kinh t.

54

n tt nghip

Thit k my bin p mt pha

My bin p mt pha thng cn mt ng dy cao p a n my


bin p nn tit kim c dy dn rt nhiu, gim tn tht tryn ti trn
ng dy.

55

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