New Biotechnology Volume 25S September 2009

ABSTRACTS

4.4.07
Impact of carbon load on granulation of activated sludge in SBR reactor fed with glycerine fraction from biodiesel production I. Wojnowska-Baryla , A. Cydzik-Kwiatkowska, K. Selewska
University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland

cent of total bacteria in the sample. Nitrication efciency during the experiment varied from 96.5 to 19% and depended on HRT, wastewater composition, and AOB participation in biomass. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.848

4.4.09
Application of moving bed biolm reactor (MBBR) for high-ammonium landll leachate nitrication D. Kulikowska , E. Kaczwka, T. Pokj, Z. Gusiatin
University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland

Aerobic granules were obtained using a variety of carbon sources, however, it seems especially advantageous to use organic wastes form different economy branches for granulated activated sludge production. The aim of the research was to investigate the impact of organic load rate on biomass granulation in sequencing batch reactors fed with glycerin fraction from biodiesel production. The experiment was carried on simultaneously in four reactors at average carbon load of 0.2 0.08, 0.6 0.16, 1.1 0.27, and 1.3 0.35 g COD g1 cycle1 . Granulation did not occur in the reactor with the lowest organic carbon load. In the remaining reactors small granules appeared for the rst time after 25 cycles of reactor operation and their amount increased gradually during successive cycles. Mature granules had a uffy surface resulting from lamentous bacteria presence. In all reactors efciency of carbon removal remained at the level of 80%. Most of introduced COD was removed during the rst 5 h of aeration according to I order reaction. COD removal rate was correlated with the organic load and varied from 123.12 to 472.76 mg COD l1 h1 . doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.847

4.4.08
Microbial communities in biomass immobilized in the porous carrier A. Cydzik-Kwiatkowska , M. Zielinska, I. Wojnowska-Baryla
University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland

The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic carbon presence in wastewater on total bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities in biomass immobilised in the porous ceramic carrier was determined. Bacterial groups were enumerated using Real-Time PCR. In autotrophic conditions (no organic carbon in wastewater) the HRT decrease from 1.5 to 0.5 h resulted in lowering total bacteria number from 3.18 105 to 1.39 105 cells/reaction tube. The number of AOB, however, was almost two times higher at HRT of 0.5 h than it was at HRT of 1.5 h. AOB participation in biomass increased from 7.5 to 32.2% as HRT was shortened from 1.5 to 0.5 h. In heterotrophic conditions, at volumetric loading rate from 6.6 to 19.8 kg COD m3 d1 , the highest number of bacteria in biomass was observed at HRT of 0.5 h. The highest number and participation of AOB in biomass (13.2%) were noted at HRT of 1.5 h. For the two remaining HRTs the AOB number in samples was signicantly lower, and remained at the level of 500 cells/reaction tube, posing less than half per-

Leachate from mature landll contain high concentrations of ammonium and have a hazardous nature. Thus, they are difcult to effective treatment by conventional biological method, especially in case of nitrication. In suspended cultures, ammonium oxidation proceeds slowly due to slow nitrifying bacteria growth. Thereby, in order to obtain nitrication there are employed biolm reactors, which are especially useful when slow growing microorganisms (nitriers) have to be kept in a treatment process. Moreover, it is known that xed cultures (biolm reactors) are less sensitive to changes in environmental conditions, metabolic products and toxic substances. In this study moving bed biolm reactor (MBBR) was used to ammonium removal from landll leachate. The aim of this study was to estimate the nitrication efciency and the main product of nitrication in dependence on ammonium load in MBBR. In leachate, the concentration of COD (chemical oxygen demand) was 1154 mg/dm3 and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 ) to chemical oxygen demand (COD)0.08. The total nitrogen and ammonium concentrations were 879 mg N/dm3 and 834 mg N-NH4 /dm3 , respectively. Due to low biodegradable organics concentration, it was assumed that organics have no effect on nitrication efciency. The investigations were conducted using two MBBR reactors with an effective volume of 10 dm3 each, working in two-stage system. HDPE (high density polyethylene) carriers with specic biolm surface area of 400 m2 /m3 occupied 30% of reactors volume. The carrier elements were kept in circulation by the air introduced at the bottom of the reactors. It was shown that at ammonium load of 0.14 g N-NH4 /m3 d the completely nitrication (>99%) was obtained in two-stage MBBR system and the nitrate were the predominant product of nitrication. Concentrations of nitrite and ammonium were below 1 mg/dm3 . The increase of ammonium load to 0.27 g N-NH4 /m3 d and 0.36 g N-NH4 /m3 d, caused decrease of nitrication efciency to 86.3% and 58.6%, respectively. At the highest load (0.36 g N-NH4 /m3 d) ammonium, nitrite and nitrate concentrations in the efuent were 134.9 mg N-NH4 /dm3 , 36.0 mg N-NO2 /dm3 and 148.9 mg N-NO3 /dm3 , respectively. In MBBR, the oxygen concentration and lling ratio of the biolm carriers are one of the main design parameters. As the oxygen concentration was no limiting factor of nitrication efciency,

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ABSTRACTS

New Biotechnology Volume 25S September 2009

it may be suppose that low lling carriers caused decrease of process efciency at high-ammonium load as that elements provide a surface for microbial growth. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.849

4.4.11
Determination of polyphenol index in wine based on laccase biocomposite biosensors M.I. Pividori , S. Gmez-Montes, S. Alegret

4.4.10
Magneto immunoseparation of pathogenic bacteria and electrochemical magneto genosensing of the doubletagged amplicon M.I. Pividori 1, , S. Libana 1 , S. Campoy 2 , A. Lermo 1 , J. Barb 2 , S. Alegret 1
Grup de Sensors & Biosensors, Unitat de Qumica Analtica, Edici Cn, Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona 2 Unitat de Microbiologia, Departament de Gentica i Microbiologia, Edici Cn, Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona
1

Grup de Sensors I Biosensors, Department de Qumica, Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain

In recent years, a number of food-safety emergencies have shaken consumer condence in the production of food and have focused attention on the way food is produced, processed, and marketed. The control of food quality has become of growing interest for both consumer and food industry since the increasing incidence of food poisoning is a signicant public health concern for customers worldwide. Biosensors offer an exciting alternative to the more traditional methods for food analyses, allowing rapid realtime and multiple analyses that are essential for the detection of contaminants in food. A rapid and sensitive method for the detection of food pathogenic bacteria is reported. In this approach, the bacteria are captured and preconcentrated from food samples with magnetic beads by immunological reaction with specic antibody against Salmonella. After the lysis of the captured bacteria, further amplication of the genetic material by PCR with a double-tagging set of primers is performed to conrm the identity of the bacteria. Both steps are rapid alternatives to the time consuming classical selective enrichment and biochemical/serological tests. The double-tagged amplicon is then detected by electrochemical magneto genosensing. This methodology is used for the rst time for the sensitive detection of Salmonella articially inoculated into skim milk samples. A limit of detection of 1 cfu/mL was obtained in 3.5 h without any pretreatment, in LB broth and in milk diluted 1/10 in LB. If the in skim milk is pre-enriched for 6 h, the method is able to feasible detect as low as 0.04 cfu/mL in milk (1 cfu in 25 g of food) with a signal-to-background ratio of 20. Moreover, the method is able to clearly distinguish between pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli. The features of the IMS/doubletagging PCR/m-GEC electrochemical genosensing approach are discussed and compared with classical cultured methods and PCRbased assay. This new assay offer great promises for rapid, cost-effective and on-site analysis of biological, food and environmental samples. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.850

In the last ten years, an abundant number of scientic studies have documented the benets of red wine consumption in the promotion and maintenance of optimal health. Health benets ascribe to wine are associated with both moderate alcohol intake and the content of polyphenols that have antioxidant capability. Apart from ethanol, wine (especially red wine) contains a range of phytochemical compounds such as phenolic acids (p-coumaric, cinnamic, caffeic, gentisic, ferulic and vanillic acids), trihydroxy stilbenes (resveratrol and polydatin) and avonoids (anthocyanins, catechin, epicatechin, myricetin, kaempferol and quercetin). Moreover, good correlation has been obtained between the phenolic content and assessed quality of certain red wines because phenolic compounds contribute to many sensory attributes of wine including colour, astringency, structures and mouth feel. Methods to determine total phenolics, which have been widely used by the wine industry, include redox titrations, UV spectrophotometry at 280 nm and the reduction of tungstatemolybdate reagents. The determination of antioxidant activity may be used to follow or predict factors such as oxidative browning, micro-oxidation, and oxidative tannin polymerisations that occur during the winemaking process. A more rapid and robust procedure for the estimation of total phenolic content or antioxidant activity would provide the winemaker with useful information during the course of wine production. In this study, a novel electrochemical biosensor to determinate phenolic compounds in wine is presented. The biosensor is based on graphiteepoxy composites modify with the laccase enzyme, and the determination of polyphenols is carried out by amperometry. The enzyme is easily immobilized on the rigid biocomposite though a dry chemistry procedure, showing enhanced electrochemical properties. An interesting feature of this new material is that lacasse enzyme shows DET (direct electron transfer) when integrated on the formulation of the graphite epoxy biocomposite (Lacasse-GEB). Excellent correlation between the electrochemical biosensing strategy and both reference methods has been achieved by processing 14 red wines, 3 rose wines and 4 white wines. The biosensor offers great promises for rapid, simple, cost-effective and on-site analysis of common polyphenolic molecules in wine samples during winemaking process. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.851

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