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01. KHONG CCH T MT IM TI MT PHNG

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BI TP CNG C KIN THC Bi 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti A, BC = 2a. Hnh chiu vung gc ca im S ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi trung im ca BC, mt phng (SAC) to vi y (ABC) mt gc 600. Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ABC v khong cch t im I n mt phng (SAC) theo a, trong I l trung im SB. Bi 2: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi tm O, hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Bit AC = 2 3a; BD = 2a, khong cch t im O n mt phng

a 3 . Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a. 4 Bi 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung tm O cnh a. Hnh chiu ca nh S trn mt phng (ABCD) l trung im H ca cnh AD, gc gia hai mt phng (SAC) v (ABCD) bng 600. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.HABC v khong cch t H n mt phng (SBC). Bi 4: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn nh A, BC = 2a. Gi O l trung im
(SAB) bng ca BC, hnh chiu vung gc H ca S ln mt y (ABC) tha mn OA + 2OH = 0 , gc gia SC v mt y (ABC) bng 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t trung im I ca SB ti mt phng (SAH). Bi 5: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, cnh AB = a, AD = 2a, tam gic SAC l tam gic u v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi mt y, gi M l trung im ca SD, N l im trn cnh SC sao cho SC = 3SN. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch t N n mt phng (ACM). Bi 6: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B vi BC l y nh. Bit rng tam gic SAB l tam gic u c cnh vi di bng 2a v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi mt y,

SC = a 5 v khong cch t D ti mt phng (SHC) bng 2a 2 (vi H l trung im AB ). Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a. Bi 7: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB = a, AD = 2a. Gi M l trung im ca AD, H l giao im ca AC v BM. Bit SH vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) v tm mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABCD nm mt y. Tnh th tch khi chp cho v khong cch t H n mt phng (SCM) theo a. Bi 8: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung tm O v AB = 4a, hnh chiu vung gc ca nh S ln (ABCD) trng vi trung im I ca on thng OA. Bit khong cch t I n (SAB) bng
2 SI . Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD theo a. 2
a ; BC = a . Hai mt phng 2 (SAB) v (SAC) cng to vi mt y (ABC) gc 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t B ti mt phng (SAC) theo a bit mt phng (SBC) vung gc vi y (ABC).

Bi 9: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A, vi AC =

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HNG DN GII Bi 1:
S

Gi H, J ln lt l trung im ca BC, AC. SH ( ABC ) Ta c AC SJ . Suy ra gc SJH = 600 HJ AC

BC AB a 6 2a = a 2; HJ = = ; SH = HJ .tan 600 = 2 2 2 2 2 1 AB. AC 1 6 a3 6 Ta c VS . ABC = SH . . 2 .a 3 = . = . 3 2 6 2 6 HE SJ Gi E l hnh chiu ca H ln SJ, khi ta c HE ( SAC ) HE AC Mt khc, do IH / / SC IH / /( SAC ) , suy ra AB =

H
J

( )

d [ I ,(SAC)] = d [ H ,(SAC)] = HE = HJ .sin600 =

6 a. 4

Bi 2: Do hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD) cng vung gc vi (ABCD) nn SO (ABCD). 1 Suy ra VSABCD = SO.SABCD S 3 2 Din tch y S ABCD = AC .BD = 2 3a Ta d dng chng minh c tam gic ABD u. Do tam gic ABD u nn vi H l trung im ca AB, K l trung im ca HB ta c DH AB v DH = a 3.
Ta c OK // DH v OK = DH =
1 2 a 3 2

D O C a

I a 3 H K B A

OK AB AB (SOK) Gi I l hnh chiu ca O ln SK ta c OI SK; AB OI OI (SAB) , hay OI l khong cch t O n mt phng (SAB)
Tam gic SOK vung ti O, OI l ng cao

1 1 1 a = + SO = 2 2 2 OI OK SO 2

ng cao ca hnh chp l SO = .

Th tch khi chp S.ABCD: VS . ABCD = S ABCD .SO =
3a 3 3 1 a 2 Bi 3: Gi I l trung im ca AO, suy ra HI = OD = 2 4 Ta c ( SAC ) ( ABCD ) = AC ( SAC ; ABCD ) = SIH = 600 AC ( SHI ) a 2 a 6 SH = HI .tan SIH = . 3= 4 4 1 a 3a 2 S H . ABC = S ABCD S HDC = a 2 a. = 2 2 4 1 1 a 6 3a 2 a 3 6 T ta c VS . HABC = SH .S H . ABC = . = 3 3 4 4 16 (vtt). Gi E l trung im ca BC, suy ra BC ( SHE ) 1 3 Dng HK SE HK ( SBC ) hay HK = d ( H ;( SBC ) )

a 2

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1 1 1 1 1 8 1 11 a 3 a 33 . = + = 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 = 2 HK = = 2 2 2 3a 3a 11 HK SH HJ a .6 a a 11 16 a 33 Vy d ( H ;( SBC ) ) = . 11 Bi 4: OA + 2OH = 0 nn H thuc tia i ca tia OA v OA = 2OH. a 3a BC = AB 2 = 2a AB = AC = a 2; AO = a; OH = AH = . 2 2 a 5 Ta c HC = HO 2 + OC 2 = . 2 a 15 Li c SC ; ABC = SCH = 600 SH = HC.tan 600 = . 2 2 a 15 1 1 a 3 15 T ta c VS . ABC = . a 2 . = . 3 2 2 6 BO AH d ( I ,( SAH )) SI 1 Ta c BO ( SAH ) = = d ( B,( SAH )) SB 2 BO SH 1 1 a Do , d ( I ,( SAH )) = d ( B,( SAH )) = BI = . 2 2 2

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Gi O l trung im ca AC, do ( SAC ) ( ABCD ) SO ( ABCD ) . Suy ra SO l chiu cao ca chp. a 15 AC = AB 2 + BC 2 = a 5 SO = SA2 AO 2 = 2 N M 3 1 a 15 VS . ABCD = SO. AB. AD = . 3 3 3V 1 A VN . ACM = d ( N ;( ACM )).S ACM d ( N ;( ACM )) = N . ACM D 3 SACM 1 1 1 Li c, VN . ACM = VS . ADC VS . AMN VM . ADC = VS . ADC VS . ADC VS . ADC = VS . ADC O 6 2 3 B 3 1 a 15 C VN . ACM = VS . ABDC = . 6 18 2 CS 2 + CD 2 SD 7a 2 a 13 2 p dng cng thc ng trung tuyn CM = = ; AM = . 2 4 4 2 AM 2 + AC 2 CM 2 13 7 1 a 2 91 Suy ra cos A = = sin A = S ACM = AC . AM .sin A = . 2 AM . AC 2 8 2 5 2 5 3V 4a 15 Vy d ( N ;( ACM )) = N . ACM = . SACM 3 91
S

Bi 5:

Bi 6:
S

( SAB) ( ABCD) Ta c ( SAB) ( ABCD) = AB SH ( ABCD) SH AB

A G D

SH = a 3; HC = a 2; BC = a; CG / / AB

AHG v CHG vung cn.

I K

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( SHC ) ( ABCD) Mt khc ( SHC ) ( ABCD) = HC DH ( SHC ) DK HC

Suy ra DK = d ( D; ( SHC ) ) = 2a 2 Ta c AGH = ADK = 450 IDG vung cn ti I. t GD = GI = x DI = x 2; CI = 2a x KI = a 2
KI + ID = KD a 2 x 2 2

x 2 1 4 + x 2 = 2a 2 x = 2a DK DC VSABCD = SH .S ABCD = a 3 3 . 2 3 3

Bi 7: Ta d dng tnh c
+ OA = OS = +V=
a 5 a 5 a 10 OH = SH = 2 6 3

2a 3 10 9 a 2 d ( H ; SCM ) = ... 3

+ Ta d dng chng minh c HM HC HM =

Bi 8:

K D I A H O B C

Trong (ABCD) t im I k IH song song BC vi H thuc AB. Do BC AB => IH AB M SI (ABCD) => SI AB. Hay AB (SHI) . 2 T I trong mt phng (SHI) k IK SH ti K. IK = d ( I ; ( SAB) ) = SI (1) 2 IH AI 1 BC Ta c = = => IH = =a 4 BC AC 4 M

1 1 1 + = 2 (2) (Do tam gic SIH vung ti I ng cao IK) 2 2 IS IH IK

2 1 1 2 = => SI = IH = a 2 SI SI IH 2 1 1 16a 3 (vtt) Suy ra, th tch khi chp S.ABCD l V = SI .S ABCD = SI . AB 2 = 3 3 3 Bi 9: (Cc em t v hnh nh) T (1) v (2) =>
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ABC vung ti A c AC =

a ; BC = a 2

B = 300 ; C = 600 .
-

K SH BC th SH ( ABC )
V cc gc SMH, SNH bng 600, v HM = HN HN HM Ta c : a = BC = BH + CH = + 0 sin 30 sin 600

Tnh c HM =
S ABC

(3 3)a 3( 3 1)a ; SH = 4 4

1 3a 2 = AB. AC = 2 8 1 = SH .S 3 (3 3)a 3 ABC = 32

Th tch VS . ABC

Gi khong cch t B ti mp(SAC) l h th h = SHM tnh c SM =

3VS . ABC S SAC

(3 3)a 1 (3 3)a 2 3V 3a S SAC = SM . AC = h= = . 2 2 8 4 S SAC 3a 4

Vy khong cch t B ti (SAC) l

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