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1. Mng my tnh l g? Phn loi mng my tnh. ............................................................ 2 Mng my tnh ................................................................................................................... 2 C nhiu cch phn loi mng my tnh ....................................................................... 2 2. M hnh OSI: ngha, chc nng cc tng, c ch hot ng ....................................... 3 M hnh .............................................................................................................................. 3 Chc nng ca cc tng trong m hnh osi: ....................................................................... 3 Qu trnh hnh thnh gi tin: .............................................................................................. 3 3. M hnh TCP: ngha, chc nng cc tng, c ch hot ng ...................................... 4 a.Tng Giao Din Mng (Network Interface Layer): ........................................................ 4 b.Tng Lin Mng (Internet Layer): .................................................................................. 5 c.Tng Giao Vn (Transport Layer): ................................................................................. 5 d.Tng ng Dng (Application Layer): ............................................................................ 5 4. Giao thc IP: chc nng. a ch IP: cc lp a ch, phn chia mng con .................... 6 Nhim v chnh : ................................................................................................................ 6 S a ch ha................................................................................................................ 6 5. Giao thc TCP, UDP: chc nng, c ch hot ng .................................................... 11 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) ....................................................................................... 15 6. nh tuyn l g? cc giao thc nh tuyn trn mng ................................................. 16 Khi nim : ....................................................................................................................... 16 Giao thc nh tuyn (routing protocols): ....................................................................... 16 7. Dch v DNS: Chc nng, giao thc, c ch hot ng. .............................................. 18 Chc nng ca DNS......................................................................................................... 18 Nguyn tc lm vic ca DNS ......................................................................................... 18 Giao thc:......................................................................................................................... 18 8. Dch v WWW: Chc nng, giao thc, c ch hot ng ............................................ 19 World Wide Web ............................................................................................................. 19 2. C ch hot ng ......................................................................................................... 19 9. Dch v EMail: Chc nng, giao thc, c ch hot ng ............................................. 21 Th in t ....................................................................................................................... 21 Phng thc hot ng ca mt h thng th in t ..................................................... 21 Cc giao thc ................................................................................................................... 21 10. Dch v FTP: Chc nng, giao thc, c ch hot ng ............................................ 23 Khi nim v hot ng c bn ca FTP: ........................................................................ 23
cho cc my tnh trao i d liu vi nhau TCP/IP s dng m hnh truyn thng 4 tng hay cn gi l M Hnh DoD (M hnh ca B Quc Phng M). Cc tng trong m hnh ny l (Theo th t t trn xung): + Tng ng Dng (Application Layer) + Tng Giao Vn (Transport Layer) + Tng Lin Mng (Internet Layer) + Tng Giao Din Mng (Network Interface Layer) - Mi giao thc ca H TCP/IP u thuc 1 trong cc tng ny. Ta s cng tm hiu tng tng a.Tng Giao Din Mng (Network Interface Layer): - Tng Giao Din Mng c trch nhim a d liu ti v nhn d liu t phng tin truyn dn. Tng ny gm cc thit b phn cng vt l chng hn nh Card Mng v Cp Mng. - 1 Card Mng chng hn card Ethernet cha 1 s HEX 12 k t (00-18-37-03-C0-F4) c gi l a Ch MAC (Media Access Control) hay a Ch Truy Nhp Phng Tin . MAC ng vai tr quan trng trong vic gn a ch v truyn d liu. - 1 s giao thc tiu biu thuc tng ny gm : + ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) + Ethernet + Token Ring + FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) + Frame Relay 4
b.Tng Lin Mng (Internet Layer): - Nm bn trn tng giao din mng. Tng ny c chc nng gn a ch, ng gi v nh tuyn (Route) d liu. 4 giao thc quan trng nht trong tng ny gm: + IP (Internet Protocol): C chc nng gn a ch cho d liu trc khi truyn v nh tuyn chng ti ch. + ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): C chc nng bin dch a ch IP ca my ch thnh a ch MAC. + ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): C chc nng thng bo li trong trng hp truyn d liu b hng. + IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol): C chc nng iu khin truyn a hng (Multicast) c.Tng Giao Vn (Transport Layer): - C trch nhim thit lp phin truyn thng gia cc my tnh v quy nh cch truyn d liu. 2 giao thc chnh trong tng ny gm: + UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Cn gi l Giao Thc Gi Ngi Dng. UDP cung cp cc knh truyn thng phi kt ni nn n khng m bo truyn d liu 1 cch tin cy. Cc ng dng dng UDP thng ch truyn nhng gi c kch thc nh, tin cy d liu ph thuc vo tng ng dng + TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Ngc li vi UDP, TCP cung cp cc knh truyn thng hng kt ni v m bo truyn d liu 1 cch tin cy. TCP thng truyn cc gi tin c kch thc ln v yu cu pha nhn xc nhn v cc gi tin nhn. d.Tng ng Dng (Application Layer): - Gm nhiu giao thc cung cp cho cc ng dng ngi dng. c s dng nh dng v trao i thng tin ngi dng. 1 s giao thc thng dng trong tng ny l: + DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Giao Thc Cu Hnh Trm ng + DNS (Domain Name System): H Thng Tn Min + SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): Giao Thc Qun L Mng n Gin + FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Giao Thc Truyn Tp Tin + TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol): Giao Thc Truyn Tp Tin Bnh Thng + SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Giao Thc Truyn Th n Gin + TELNET
4. Giao thc IP: chc nng. a ch IP: cc lp a ch, phn chia mng con
Nhim v chnh : ca giao thc IP l cung cp kh nng kt ni cc mng con thnh lin
kt mng truyn d liu, vai tr ca IP l vai tr ca giao thc tng mng trong m hnh OSI. Giao thc IP l mt giao thc kiu khng lin kt (connectionlees) c ngha l khng cn c giai on thit lp lin kt trc khi truyn d liu.
Hnh 1.1: Cu trc cc lp a ch IP Mt s a ch c tnh cht c bit: Mt a ch c hostid = 0 c dng hng ti mng nh danh bi vng netid. Ngc li, mt a ch c vng hostid gm ton s 1 c dng hng ti tt c cc host ni vo mng netid, v nu vng netid cng gm ton s 1 th n hng ti tt c cc host trong lin mng
Hnh 1.2: V d cu trc cc lp a ch IP Cn lu rng cc a ch IP c dng nh danh cc host v mng tng mng ca m hnh OSI, v chng khng phi l cc a ch vt l (hay a ch MAC) ca cc trm trn mt mng cc b (Ethernet, Token Ring.). Trong nhiu trng hp, mt mng c th c chia thnh nhiu mng con (subnet), lc c th a thm cc vng subnetid nh danh cc mng con. Vng subnetid c ly t vng hostid, c th i vi lp A, B, C nh v d sau: 7
Hnh 1.3: V d a ch khi b sung vng subnetid n v d liu dng trong IP c gi l gi tin (datagram), c khun dng:
ngha ca thng s nh sau: -->VER (4 bits): ch version hin hnh ca giao thc IP hin c ci t, Vic c ch s version cho php c cc trao i gia cc h thng s dng version c v h thng s dng version mi. -->IHL (4 bits): ch di phn u (Internet header Length) ca gi tin datagram, tnh theo n v t ( 32 bits). Trng ny bt but phi c v phn u IP c th c di thay i ty . di ti thiu l 5 t (20 bytes), di ti a l 15 t hay l 60 bytes. -->Type of service (8 bits): c t cc tham s v dch v nhm thng bo cho mng bit dch v no m gi tin mun c s dng, chng hn u tin, thi hn chm tr, nng sut truyn v tin cy. Hnh sau cho bit ngh ca trng 8 bits ny. -->Precedence (3 bit): ch th v quyn u tin gi datagram, n c gi tr t 0 (gi tin bnh thng) n 7 (gi tin kim sot mng). 8
-->D (Delay) (1 bit): ch tr yu cu trong -->D = 0 gi tin c tr bnh thng -->D = 1 gi tin tr thp -->T (Throughput) (1 bit): ch thng lng yu cu s dng truyn gi tin vi la chn truyn trn ng thng sut thp hay ng thng sut cao. -->T = 0 thng lng bnh thng v -->T = 1 thng lng cao -->R (Reliability) (1 bit): ch tin cy yu cu -->R = 0 tin cy bnh thng -->R = 1 tin cy cao -->Total Length (16 bits): ch di ton b gi tin, k c phn u tnh theo n v byte vi chiu di ti a l 65535 bytes. Hin nay gii hn trn l rt ln nhng trong tng lai vi nhng mng Gigabit th cc gi tin c kch thc ln l cn thit. -->Identification (16 bits): cng vi cc tham s khc (nh Source Address v Destination Address) tham s ny dng nh danh duy nht cho mt datagram trong khong thi gian n vn cn trn lin mng. -->Flags (3 bits): lin quan n s phn on (fragment) cc datagram, Cc gi tin khi i trn ng i c th b phn thnh nhiu gi tin nh, trong trng hp b phn on th trng Flags c dng iu khin phn on v ti lp ghp b d liu. Ty theo gi tr ca Flags s c ngha l gi tin s khng phn on, c th phn on hay l gi tin phn on cui cng. Trng Fragment Offset cho bit v tr d liu thuc phn on tng ng vi on bt u ca gi d liu gc. ngha c th ca trng Flags l: -->bit 0: reserved - cha s dng, lun ly gi tr 0. -->bit 1: (DF) = 0 (May Fragment) = 1 (Don't Fragment) -->bit 2: (MF) = 0 (Last Fragment) = 1 (More Fragments) -->Fragment Offset (13 bits): ch v tr ca on (fragment) trong datagram tnh theo n v 8 bytes, c ngha l phn d liu mi gi tin (tr gi tin cui cng) phi cha mt vng d 9
liu c di l bi s ca 8 bytes. iu ny c ngha l phi nhn gi tr ca Fragment offset vi 8 tnh ra lch byte. -->Time to Live (8 bits): qui nh thi gian tn ti (tnh bng giy) ca gi tin trong mng trnh tnh trng mt gi tin b qun trn mng. Thi gian ny c cho bi trm gi v c gim i (thng qui c l 1 n v) khi datagram i qua mi router ca lin mng. Thi lng ny gim xung ti mi router vi mc ch gii hn thi gian tn ti ca cc gi tin v kt thc nhng ln lp li v hn trn mng. Sau y l 1 s iu cn lu v trng Time To Live: -->Nt trung gian ca mng khng c gi 1 gi tin m trng ny c gi tr= 0. -->Mt giao thc c th n nh Time To Live thc hin cuc ra tm ti nguyn trn mng trong phm vi m rng. -->Mt gi tr c nh ti thiu phi ln cho mng hot ng tt. -->Protocol (8 bits): ch giao thc tng trn k tip s nhn vng d liu trm ch (hin ti thng l TCP hoc UDP c ci t trn IP). V d: TCP c gi tr trng Protocol l 6, UDP c gi tr trng Protocol l 17 -->Header Checksum (16 bits): M kim sot li ca header gi tin IP. -->Source Address (32 bits): a ch ca my ngun. -->Destination Address (32 bits): a ch ca my ch -->Options ( di thay i): khai bo cc la chn do ngi gi yu cu (tu theo tng chng trnh). -->Padding ( di thay i): Vng m, c dng m bo cho phn header lun kt thc mt mc 32 bits. -->Data ( di thay i): Trn mt mng cc b nh vy, hai trm ch c th lin lc vi nhau nu chng bit a ch vt l ca nhau. Nh vy vn t ra l phi thc hin nh x gia a ch IP (32 bits) v a ch vt l (48 bits) ca mt trm.
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Hnh 1.5: Cng truy nhp dch v TCP Mt cng TCP kt hp vi a ch IP to thnh mt u ni TCP/IP (socket) duy nht trong lin mng. Dch v TCP c cung cp nh mt lin kt logic gia mt cp u ni TCP/IP. Mt u ni TCP/IP c th tham gia nhiu lin kt vi cc u ni TCP/IP xa khc nhau. Trc khi truyn d liu gia 2 trm cn phi thit lp mt lin kt TCP gia chng v khi khng cn nhu cu truyn d liu th lin kt s c gii phng. Cc thc th ca tng trn s dng giao thc TCP thng qua cc hm gi (function calls) trong c cc hm yu cu yu cu, tr li. Trong mi hm cn c cc tham s dnh cho vic trao i d liu. -->Cc bc thc hin thit lp mt lin kt TCP/IP: Thit lp mt lin kt mi c th c m theo mt trong 2 phng thc: ch ng (active) hoc b ng (passive). -->Phng thc b ng, ngi s dng yu cu TCP ch i mt yu cu lin kt gi n t xa thng qua mt u ni TCP/IP (ti ch). Ngi s dng dng hm passive Open c khai bo cng TCP v cc thng s khc (mc u tin, mc an ton) -->Vi phng thc ch ng, ngi s dng yu cu TCP m mt lin kt vi mt mt u 11
ni TCP/IP xa. Lin kt s c xc lp nu c mt hm Passive Open tng ng c thc hin ti u ni TCP/IP xa . Bng lit k mt vi cng TCP ph bin.
Khi ngi s dng gi i mt yu cu m lin kt s c nhn hai thng s tr li t TCP. -->Thng s Open ID c TCP tr li ngay lp tc gn cho mt lin kt cc b (local connection name) cho lin kt c yu cu. Thng s ny v sau c dng tham chiu ti lin kt . (Trong trng hp nu TCP khng th thit lp c lin kt yu cu th n phi gi tham s Open Failure thng bo.) -->Khi TCP thit lp c lin kt yu cu n gi tham s Open Sucsess c dng thng bo lin kt c thit lp thnh cng. Thng bo ny dc chuyn n trong c hai trng hp b ng v ch ng. Sau khi mt lin kt c m, vic truyn d liu trn lin kt c th c thc hin. -->Cc bc thc hin khi truyn v nhn d liu: Sau khi xc lp c lin kt ngi s dng gi v nhn d liu. Vic gi v nhn d liu thng qua cc hm Send v receive. 12
-->Hm Send: D liu c gi xung TCP theo cc khi (block). Khi nhn c mt khi d liu, TCP s lu tr trong b m (buffer). Nu c PUSH c dng th ton b d liu trong b m c gi, k c khi d liu mi n s c gi i. Ngc li c PUSH khng c dng th d liu c gi li trong b m v s gi i khi c c hi thch hp (chng hn ch thm d liu na gi i vi hiu qu hn). -->Hm reveive: trm ch d liu s c TCP lu trong b m gn vi mi lin kt. Nu d liu c nh du vi mt c PUSH th ton b d liu trong b m (k c cc d liu c lu t trc) s c chuyn ln cho ngi s dng. Cn nu d liu n khng c nh du vi c PUSH th TCP ch ti khi thch hp mi chuyn d liu vi mc tiu tng hiu qu h thng. Ni chung vic nhn v giao d liu cho ngi s dng ch ca TCP ph thuc vo vic ci t c th. Trng hp cn chuyn gp d liu cho ngi s dng th c th dng c URGENT v nh du d liu bng bit URG bo cho ngi s dng cn phi s l khn cp d liu . -->Cc bc thc hin khi ng mt lin kt: Vic ng mt lin kt khi khng cn thit c thc hin theo mt trong hai cch: dng hm Close hoc dng hm Abort. -->Hm Close: yu cu ng lin kt mt cch bnh thng. C ngha l vic truyn d liu trn lin kt hon tt. Khi nhn c mt hm Close TCP s truyn i tt c d liu cn trong b m thng bo rng n ng lin kt. Lu rng khi mt ngi s dng gi i mt hm Close th n vn phi tip tc nhn d liu n trn lin kt cho n khi TCP bo cho pha bn kia bit v vic ng lin kt v chuyn giao ht tt c d liu cho ngi s dng ca mnh. -->Hm Abort: Ngi s dng c th ng mt lin kt bt v s khng chp nhn d liu qua lin kt na. Do vy d liu c th b mt i khi ang c truyn i. TCP bo cho TCP xa bit rng lin kt c hy b v TCP xa s thng bo cho ngi s dng ca mnh. -->Mt s hm khc ca TCP: -->Hm Status: cho php ngi s dng yu cu cho bit trng thi ca mt lin kt c th, khi TCP cung cp thng tin cho ngi s dng.
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-->Hm Error: thng bo cho ngi s dng TCP v cc yu cu dch v bt hp l lin quan n mt lin kt c tn cho trc hoc v cc li lin quan n mi trng. n v d liu s dng trong TCP c gi l segment (on d liu), c cc tham s vi ngha nh sau:
-->Source Por (16 bits): S hiu cng TCP ca trm ngun. -->Destination Port (16 bit): S hiu cng TCP ca trm ch. -->Sequence Number (32 bit): s hiu ca byte u tin ca segment tr khi bit SYN c thit lp. Ny bit SYN c thit lp th Sequence Number l s hiu tun t khi u (ISN) v byte d liu u tin l ISN+1. -->Acknowledgment Number (32 bit): s hiu ca segment tip theo m trm ngun ang ch nhn. Ngm bo nhn tt (cc) segment m trm ch gi cho trm ngun. -->Data offset (4 bit): s lng bi ca 32 bit (32 bit words) trong TCP header (tham s ny ch ra v tr bt u ca ngun d liu). -->Reserved (6 bit): dnh dng trong tng lai -->Control bit (cc bit iu khin): -->URG: Vng con tr khn (Ucgent Poiter) c hiu lc. -->ACK: Vng bo nhn (ACK number) c hiu lc. -->PSH: Chc nng PUSH.
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-->RST: Khi ng li (reset) lin kt. -->SYN: ng b ha s hiu tun t (sequence number). -->FIN: Khng cn d liu t trm ngun. -->Window (16 bit): cp pht cre*** kim sot ngun d liu (c ch ca s). y chnh l s lng cc byte d liu, bt u t byte c ch ra trong vng ACK number, m trm ngun san sng nhn. -->Checksum (16 bit): m kim sot li cho ton b segment (header + data) -->Urgemt Poiter (16 bit): con tr ny tr ti s hiu tun t ca byte i theo sau d liu khn. Vng ny ch c hiu lc khi bit URG c thit lp. -->Options ( di thay i): khai bo cc option ca TCP, trong c di ti a ca vng TCP data trong mt segment. -->Paddinh ( di thay i): phn chn thm vo header m bo phn header lun kt thc mt mc 32 bit. Phn thm ny gm ton s 0. -->TCP data ( di thay i): cha d liu ca tng trn, c di ti a ngm nh l 536 byte. Gi tr ny c th iu chnh bng cch khai bo trong vng options.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) l giao thc theo phng thc khng lin kt c
s dng thay th cho TCP trn IP theo yu cu ca tng ng dng. Khc vi TCP, UDP khng c cc chc nng thit lp v kt thc lin kt. Tng t nh IP, n cng khng cung cp c ch bo nhn (acknowledgment), khng sp xp tun t cc gi tin (datagram) n v c th dn n tnh trng mt hoc trng d liu m khng c c ch thng bo li cho ngi gi. Qua ta thy UDP cung cp cc dch v vn chuyn khng tin cy nh trong TCP. Khun dng UDP datagram c m t vi cc vng tham s n gin hn nhiu so vi TCP segment.
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UDP cng cung cp c ch gn v qun l cc s hiu cng (port number) nh danh duy nht cho cc ng dng chy trn mt trm ca mng. Do t chc nng phc tp nn UDP thng c xu th hot ng nhanh hn so vi TCP. N thng c dng cho cc ng khng i hi tin cy cao trong giao vn.
b.
Giao thc nh tuyn ngoi Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF)
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Giao thc: Giao thc DNS bao gm rt nhiu loi bn tin DNS, cc bn tin ny c x l
da trn d liu trong trng tin ca n Giao thc DNS gm 3 loi bn tin : Truy vn, cp nht, v phn hi
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C hai chng trnh Web Browser hay c s dng nht l Internet Explorer ca Microsoft v Nescape Navigator ca Nescape. Ngi dng s dng cc cng c ny yu cu hin th cc trang Web. Nhng nh cung cp dch v Web c mt Web Server (chng trnh qun l h thng d liu Web), nhn cc yu cu t khch hng (Web Browser) thng qua h thng mng, sau gi cc vn bn tng ng n ng ni yu cu. Khi giao tip vi Web Server, 19
Web Browser s dng giao thc HTTP. Ngoi ra Web cng s dng mt s giao thc khc ca Internet nh: FTP, TELNET, GOPHER. a ch ca mt vn bn c gi l URL (Universal Resource Locator), c c php nh sau: protocol://Internet Address/path Trong : Protocol: giao thc truy nhp v ly thng tin, c th l http, ftp, gopher. Internet Address: a ch Internet ca trm (site) cha vn bn. Path: ng dn ti ni cha thng tin.
V d: http://www.microsoft.com/sitebuilder/intro.htm Mi trang Web c mt URL duy nht. Hyperlink l cc siu lin kt gip di chuyn gia cc trang Web, mi hyperlink tr ti URL ca mt trang Web. Trang Web c lu tr di dng file c phn m rng l .htm, .html... HTML (HyperText Markup Language) l ngn ng to nn cc trang Web.
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SMTP (t ch Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) -- hay l giao thc chuyn th n gin. y l mt giao thc lo v vic vn chuyn email gia cc my ch trn ng trung chuyn n a ch nhn cng nh l lo vic chuyn th in t t my khch n my ch. Hu ht cc h thng th in t gi th qua Internet u dng giao thc ny. Cc mu thng tin c th c ly ra bi mt email client. Nhng email client ny phi dng giao thc POP hay giao thc IMAP. 21
IMAP (t ch Internet Message Access Protocol) -- hay l giao thc truy nhp thng ip (t) Internet. Giao thc ny cho php truy nhp v qun l cc mu thng tin v t cc my ch. Vi giao thc ny ngi dng email c th c, to ra, thay i, hay xo cc ngn cha, cc mu tin ng thi c th tm kim cc ni dung trong hp th m khng cn phi ti cc th v. Phin bn mi nht ca IMAP l IMAP4 tng t nhng c nhiu chc nng hn giao thc POP3. IMAP nguyn thu c pht trin bi i hc Standford nm 1986. POP (t ch Post Office Protocol) -- hay l giao thc phng th. Giao thc ny c dng truy tm cc email t mt MTA. Hu ht cc MUA u dng n giao thc POP mc d mt s MTA cng c th dng giao thc mi hn l IMAP. Hin c hai phin bn ca POP. Phin bn u tin l POP2 tr thnh tiu chun vo thp nin 80, n i hi phi c giao thc SMTP gi i cc mu thng tin. Phin bn mi hnPOP3 c th c dng m khng cn ti SMTP.
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khin, nh cc lnh v cc hi p trong FTP. N khng c dng truyn file - Knh d liu: Mi khi d liu c truyn t server ti client, mt knh kt ni TCP nht nh li c khi to gia chng. D liu c truyn i qua knh kt ni ny do n c gi l knh d liu. Khi file c truyn xong, knh ny c ngt. Vic s dng cc knh ring l nh vy to ra s linh hot trong vic truyn truyn d liu m ta s thy trong cc phn tip theo. Tuy nhin, n cng to cho FTP phc tp nht nh. Cc tin trnh v thut ng trong FTP Do cc chc nng iu khin v d liu s dng cc knh khc nhau, nn m hnh hot ng ca FTP cng chia phn mm trn mi thit b ra lm hai thnh phn logic tng ng vi mi knh. Thnh phn Protocol Interpreter (PI) l thnh phn qun l knh iu khin, vi chc nng pht v nhn lnh. Thnh phn Data Transfer Process (DTP) c chc nng gi v nhn d liu gia pha client vi server. Ngoi ra, cung cp cho tin trnh bn pha ngi dng cn c thm thnh phn th ba l giao din ngi dng FTP - thnh phn ny khng c pha server. Do , c hai tin trnh xy ra pha server, v ba tin trnh pha client. Cc tin trnh ny c gn vi m hnh FTP m t chi tit hot ng ca giao thc FTP. Di y l hnh i chiu cc tin trnh vo trong m hnh FTP:
Cc tin trnh pha server: Cc tin trnh pha server bao gm hai giao thc: - Server Protocol Interpreter (Server-PI): chu trch nhim qun l knh iu khin trn server. N lng nghe yu cu kt ni hng ti t users trn cng dnh ring. Khi kt ni 24
c thit lp, n s nhn lnh t pha User-PI, tr li li, v qun l tin trnh truyn d liu trn server. - Server DataTransfer Process (Server-DTP): lm nhim v gi hoc nhn file t b phn User-DTP. Server-DTP va lm nhim thit lp kt ni knh d liu v lng nghe mt kt ni knh d liu t user. N tng tc vi server file trn h thng cc b c v chp file. Cc tin trnh pha client: - User Protocol Interpreter (User-PI): chu trch nhim qun l knh iu khin pha client. N khi to phin kt ni FTP bng vic pht ra yu cu ti pha Server-PI. Khi kt ni c thit lp, n x l cc lnh nhn c trn giao din ngi dng, gi chng ti ServerPI, v nhn phn hi tr li. N cng qun l tin trnh User-DTP. - User Data Transfer Process (User-DTP): l b phn DTP nm pha ngi dng, lm nhim v gi hoc nhn d liu t Server-DTP. User-DTP c th thit lp hoc lng nghe yu cu kt ni knh d liu trn server. N tng tc vi thit b lu tr file pha client. - User Interface: cung cp giao din x l cho ngi dng. N cho php s dng cc lnh n gin hng ngi dng, v cho php ngi iu khin phin FTP theo di c cc thng tin v kt qu xy ra trong tin trnh.
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