CONG HA X HOI CH NGHA VIET NAM

QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT

QUY CHUAN KY THUAT QUC GIA
V NUC THI CNG NGHIEP
National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater















H NQI - 2009
QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT
2
Li ni du
QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT do Ban soan tho quy chun k thut quc gia v cht luong nuc bin soan,
Tng cuc Mi trung v Vu Php ch trnh duyt v duoc ban hnh theo Thng tu s 25/2009/TT-BTNMT
ngy 16 thng 11 nm 2009 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trung.
QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT
3
QUY CHUAN KY THUAT QUC GIA
V NUC THI CNG NGHIEP
National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater
1. QUY [NH CHUNG
1.1. Pham vi diu chinh
Quy chun ny quy djnh gi trj ti da cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong nuc thi cng
nghip khi x vo ngun tip nhn.
1.2. i tung p dng
1.2.1. Quy chun ny p dung di vi t chc, c nhn lin quan dn hoat dng x nuc thi
cng nghip vo ngun tip nhn.
1.2.2. Nuc thi ca mt s ngnh cng nghip v lnh vuc hoat dng dc th duoc quy djnh ring.
1.3. Gii thch thut ng
Trong Quy chun ny, cc thut ng dui dy duoc hiu nhu sau:
1.3.1. Nuc thi cng nghip l dung djch thi ra t cc co s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, djch vu
cng nghip vo ngun tip nhn nuc thi.
1.3.2. Kq l h s luu luong/dung tch ngun tip nhn nuc thi ng vi luu luong dng chy ca
sng, sui, knh, muong, khe, rach hoc dung tch ca cc h, ao, dm nuc.
1.3.3. K
f
l h s luu luong ngun thi ng vi tng luu luong nuc thi ca cc co s sn xut, ch
bin, kinh doanh, djch vu cng nghip khi x vo cc ngun tip nhn nuc thi.
1.3.4. Ngun tip nhn nuc thi l ngun nuc mt hoc vng nuc bin ven b, c muc dch s
dung xc djnh, noi m nuc thi cng nghip duoc x vo.
2. QUY [NH KY THUAT
2.1. Gi trj ti da cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong nuc thi cng nghip duoc tnh ton nhu
sau:
Cmax = C x Kq x K
f

Trong d:
- Cmax l gi trj ti da cho php ca thng s nhim trong nuc thi cng nghip khi x vo ngun
tip nhn nuc thi, tnh bng miligam trn lt (mg/l);
- C l gi trj ca thng s nhim trong nuc thi cng nghip quy djnh tai muc 2.3;
- Kq l h s luu luong/dung tch ngun tip nhn nuc thi quy djnh tai muc 2.4;
K
f
l h s luu luong ngun thi quy djnh tai muc 2.5.
2.2. p dung gi trj ti da cho php Cmax = C (khng p dung h s Kq v K
f
) di vi cc thng s:
nhit d, pH, mi, mu sc, coliform, tng hoat d phng xa d, tng hoat d phng xa .
2.3. Gi trj C ca cc thng s nhim trong nuc thi cng nghip duoc quy djnh tai Bng 1
dui dy:
Bng 1: Gi tr[ C ca cc thng s nhim trong nuc thi cng nghip
Gi tr[ C
TT Thng s on v[
A B
1 Nhit d
0
C 40 40
2 pH - 6-9 5,5-9
3 Mi - Khng kh
chju
Khng kh
chju
4 mu (Co-Pt pH = 7) - 20 70
5 BOD
5
(20
0
C) mg/l 30 50
QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT
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6 COD mg/l 50 100
7 Cht rn lo lng mg/l 50 100
8 Asen mg/l 0,05 0,1
9 Thu ngn mg/l 0,005 0,01
10 Ch mg/l 0,1 0,5
11 Cadimi mg/l 0,005 0,01
12 Crom (VI) mg/l 0,05 0,1
13 Crom (III) mg/l 0,2 1
14 ng mg/l 2 2
15 Km mg/l 3 3
16 Niken mg/l 0,2 0,5
17 Mangan mg/l 0,5 1
18 St mg/l 1 5
19 Thic mg/l 0,2 1
20 Xianua mg/l 0,07 0,1
21 Phenol mg/l 0,1 0,5
22 Du m khong mg/l 5 5
23 Du dng thuc vt mg/l 10 20
24 Clo du mg/l 1 2
25 PCB mg/l 0,003 0,01
26 Ho cht bo v thuc vt ln hu co mg/l 0,3 1
27 Ho cht bo v thuc vt Clo hu co mg/l 0,1 0,1
28 Sunfua mg/l 0,2 0,5
29 Florua mg/l 5 10
30 Clorua mg/l 500 600
31 Amoni (tnh theo Nito) mg/l 5 10
32 Tng Nito mg/l 15 30
33 Tng Phtpho mg/l 4 6
34 Coliform MPN/100ml 3000 5000
35 Tng hoat d phng xa d Bq/l 0,1 0,1
36 Tng hoat d phng xa Bq/l 1,0 1,0
Trong d:
- Ct A quy djnh gi trj C ca cc thng s nhim trong nuc thi cng nghip khi x vo cc
ngun tip nhn l cc ngun nuc duoc dng cho muc dch cp nuc sinh hoat;
- Ct B quy djnh gi trj C ca cc thng s nhim trong nuc thi cng nghip khi x vo cc
ngun tip nhn l cc ngun nuc khng dng cho muc dch cp nuc sinh hoat;
- Thng s clorua khng p dung di vi ngun tip nhn l nuc mn v nuc lo.
2.4. H s luu luong/dung tch ngun tip nhn nuc thi Kq duoc quy djnh nhu sau:
2.4.1. H s Kq ng vi luu luong dng chy ca ngun tip nhn nuc thi l sng, sui, knh,
muong, khe, rach duoc quy djnh tai Bng 2 dui dy:
Bng 2: H s Kq ca ngun tip nhn nuc thi l sng, sui, knh, muong, khe, rach
QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT
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Luu lung dng chy ca ngun tip nhn nuc thi (Q)
on vj tnh: mt khi/giy (m
3
/s)
H s Kq
Q 50 0,9
50 < Q 200 1
200 < Q 1000 1,1
Q > 1000 1,2
Q duoc tnh theo gi trj trung bnh luu luong dng chy ca sng, sui, knh, muong, khe, rach tip
nhn nuc thi vo 03 thng kh kit nht trong 03 nm lin tip (s liu ca co quan Kh tuong Thu
vn). Trung hop cc sng, sui, knh, muong, khe, rach khng c s liu v luu luong dng chy
th p dung gi trj Kq = 0,9 hoc S Ti nguyn v Mi trung noi c ngun thi chi djnh don vj c
chc nng ph hop d xc djnh luu luong trung bnh ca 03 thng kh kit nht trong nm lm co s
chon h s Kq.
2.4.2. H s Kq ng vi dung tch ca ngun tip nhn nuc thi l h, ao, dm duoc quy djnh tai
Bng 3 dui dy:
Bng 3: H s Kq ca h, ao, dm
Dung tch ngun tip nhn nuc thi (V)
on vj tnh: mt khi (m
3
)
H s Kq

V > 10 x 10
6
0,6
10 x 10
6
< V > 100 x 10
6
0,8
V > 100 x 10
6
1,0
V duoc tnh theo gi trj trung bnh dung tch ca h, ao, dm tip nhn nuc thi 03 thng kh kit
nht trong 03 nm lin tip (s liu ca co quan Kh tuong Thu vn). Trung hop h, ao, dm khng
c s liu v dung tch th p dung gi trj Kq = 0,6 hoc S Ti nguyn v Mi trung noi c ngun
thi chi djnh don vj c chc nng ph hop d xc djnh dung tch trung bnh 03 thng kh kit nht
trong nm lm co s xc djnh h s Kq.
2.4.3. i vi ngun tip nhn nuc thi l vng nuc bin ven b khng dng cho muc dch bo v
thu sinh, th thao hoc gii tr dui nuc th ly h s Kq = 1,3. i vi ngun tip nhn nuc thi l
vng nuc bin ven b dng cho muc dch bo v thu sinh, th thao v gii tr dui nuc th ly h
s Kq = 1.
2.5. H s luu luong ngun thi K
f
duoc quy djnh tai Bng 4 dui dy:
Bng 4: H s luu lung ngun thi K
f

Luu lung ngun thi (F)
on vj tnh: mt khi/ngy dm (m
3
/24h)
H s K
f
F > 50

1,2
50 < F > 500 1,1
500 < F > 5.000 1,0
F > 5.000 0,9
2.6. Trung hop nuc thi duoc gom cha trong h nuc thi thuc khun vin ca co s pht sinh
nuc thi dng cho muc dch tui tiu th nuc trong h phi tun th Tiu chun quc gia TCVN
6773:2000 v Cht luong nuc Cht luong nuc dng cho thu loi.
3. PHUONG PHP XC [NH
3.1. Phuong php xc djnh gi trj cc thng s nhim trong nuc thi cng nghip thuc hin
theo cc tiu chun quc gia sau dy:
- TCVN 4557:1988 - Cht luong nuc - Phuong php xc djnh nhit d;
- TCVN 6492:1999 (ISO 10523:1994) Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh pH;
QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT
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- TCVN 6185:2008 Cht luong nuc Kim tra v xc djnh d mu;
- TCVN 6001-1: 2008 Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh nhu cu oxy ho sau n ngy (BOD
n
) Phn 1:
Phuong php pha long v cy c b sung allylthiourea;
- TCVN 6491:1999 (ISO 6060:1989) Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh nhu cu oxy ho hoc (COD);
- TCVN 6625:2000 (ISO 11923:1997) Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh cht rn lo lng bng cch loc qua
ci loc soi thu tinh;
- TCVN 6626:2000 Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh Asen - Phuong php do ph hp thu nguyn t (k
thut hydrro);
- TCVN 7877:2008 (ISO 5666 -1999) Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh thu ngn;
- TCVN 6193:1996 Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh coban, niken, dng, km, cadimi v ch. Phuong
php trc ph hp thu nguyn t ngon la;
- TCVN 6002:1995 (ISO 6333-1986) Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh mangan - Phuong php trc quang
dng fomaldoxim;
- TCVN 6222:2008 Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh crom tng - Phuong php do ph hp thu nguyn t;
- TCVN 6177:1996 (ISO 6332-1988) Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh st bng phuong php trc ph
dng thuc th 1,10-phenantrolin;
- TCVN 6181:1996 (ISO 6703-1-1984) Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh Xianua tng;
- TCVN 6216:1996 (ISO 6439-1990) Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh chi s phenol - Phuong php trc
ph dng 4-aminoantipyrin sau khi chung ct;
- TCVN 5070:1995 Cht luong nuc - Phuong php khi luong xc djnh du m v sn phm du
m;
- Phuong php xc djnh tng du m thuc vt thuc hin theo US EPA Method 1664 Extraction and
gravimetry (Oil and grease and total petroleum hydrocarbons);
- TCVN 6225-3:1996 Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh clo tu do v clo tng s. Phn 3 Phuong php
chun d iot xc djnh clo tng s;
- TCVN 4567:1988 Cht luong nuc Phuong php xc djnh hm luong sunfua v sunphat;
- TCVN 6494:1999 Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh cc ion florua, clorua, nitrit, orthophotphat, bromua,
nitrit v sunfat ha tan bng sc k lng ion. Phuong php dnh cho nuc bn t;
- TCVN 5988:1995 (ISO 5664-1984) Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh amoni - Phuong php chung ct v
chun d;
- TCVN 6638:2000 Cht luong nuc - Xc djnh nito - V co ha xc tc sau khi kh bng hop kim
Devarda;
- TCVN 6187-1:2009 (ISO 9308-1: 2000/Cor 1: 2007) Cht luong nuc - Pht hin v dm vi khun
coliform, vi khun coliform chju nhit v escherichia coli gi djnh - Phn 1 - Phuong php mng loc;
- TCVN 6053:1995 Cht luong nuc - o tng hoat d phng xa anpha trong nuc khng mn.
Phuong php ngun dy;
- TCVN 6219:1995 Cht luong nuc - o tng hoat d phng xa beta trong nuc khng mn;
- TCVN 6658:2000 Cht luong nuc Xc djnh crom ha trj su Phuong php trc quang dng 1,5
Diphenylcacbazid.
3.2. Khi chua c cc tiu chun quc gia d xc djnh gi trj ca cc thng s nhim trong nuc thi
cng nghip quy djnh trong quy chun ny th p dung tiu chun quc t c d chnh xc tuong
duong hoc cao hon.
4. TO CHC THUC HIEN
4.1. Quy chun ny thay th vic p dung di vi Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5945:2005 v Nuc
thi cng nghip - Tiu chun thi km theo Quyt djnh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 12
nm 2006 ca B trung B Ti nguyn v Mi trung v vic bt buc p dung cc tiu chun Vit
Nam v mi trung.
4.2. Co quan qun l nh nuc v mi trung c trch nhim hung dn, kim tra, gim st vic thuc
hin Quy chun ny.
QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT
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4.3. Trung hop cc tiu chun quc gia v phuong php xc djnh vin dn trong muc 3.1 ca Quy
chun ny sa di, b sung hoc thay th th p dung theo tiu chun mi.