CHUYN :

BI TP V KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH MUI

1) Kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mui: - iu kin kim loi M y c kim loi X ra khi dung dch mui ca n: xM (r) + nXx+ (dung dch) xMn+ (dung dch) + nX (r) + M ng trc X trong dy th in cc chun(Dy in ha). + C M v X u khng tc dng c vi nc iu kin thng. + Mui tham gia phn ng v mui to thnh phi l mui tan. - Khi lng cht rn tng: m = mX to ra mM tan - Khi lng cht rn gim: m = mM tan mX to ra - Khi lng cht rn tng = khi lng dung dch gim - Ngoi l: + Nu M l kim loi kim, kim th (Ca, Sr, Ba) th M s kh H+ ca H2O thnh H2 v to thnh dung dch baz kim. Sau l phn ng trao i gia mui v baz kim + trng thi nng chy vn c phn ng: 3Na + AlCl3 (khan) 3NaCl + Al + Vi nhiu anion c tnh oxi ha mnh nh NO3 , MnO 4 ,th kim loi M s kh cc anion trong mi trng axit (hoc baz). - Hn hp cc kim loi phn ng vi hn hp dung dch mui theo th t u tin: kim loi kh mnh nht tc dng vi cation oxi ha mnh nht to ra kim loi kh yu nht v cation oxi ha yu nht. - Th t tng dn gi tr th kh chun (Eo) ca mt s cp oxi ha kh: Mg2+/Mg < Al3+/Al < Zn2+/Zn < Cr3+/Cr < Fe2+/Fe < Ni2+/Ni < Sn2+/Sn < Pb2+/Pb < 2H+/H2 < Cu2+/Cu < Fe3+/Fe2+ < Ag+/Ag < Hg2+/Hg < Au3+/Au 2) Mt s ch khi gii bi tp: - Phn ng ca kim loi vi dung dch mui l phn ng oxi ha kh nn thng s dng phng php bo ton mol electron gii cc bi tp phc tp, kh bin lun nh hn hp nhiu kim loi tc dng vi dung dch cha hn hp nhiu mui. Cc bi tp n gin hn nh mt kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mt mui, hai kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mt mui,c th tnh ton theo th t cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. - S dng phng php tng gim khi lng tnh khi lng thanh kim loi sau phn ng, - T s mol ban u ca cc cht tham gia phn ng bin lun cc trng hp xy ra. - Nu cha bit s mol cc cht phn ng th da vo thnh phn dung dch sau phn ng v cht rn thu c bin lun cc trng hp xy ra. - Kim loi kh anion ca mui trong mi trng axit (baz) th nn vit phng trnh dng ion thu gn - Kim loi (Mg Cu) y c Fe3+ v Fe2+. V d: Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+ ; Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu2+ + 2Fe2+ - Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag. Nu Fe ht, Ag+ cn d th: Fe2+ + Ag+ Fe3+ + Ag. 3) Mt s v d minh ha: V d 1: Nhng mt thanh kim loi M ha tr II nng m gam vo dung dch Fe(NO3)2 th khi lng thanh kim loi gim 6 % so vi ban u. Nu nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dung dch AgNO3 th khi lng thanh kim loi tng 25 % so vi ban u. Bit gim s mol ca Fe(NO3)2 gp i gim s mol ca AgNO3 v kim loi kt ta bm ht ln thanh kim loi M. Kim loi M l: A. Pb B. Ni C. Cd D. Zn 2+ + Hng dn: Gi nFe p = 2x mol nAg p = x mol M + Fe2+ M2+ + Fe 2x 2x 2x 2.x( M 56) .100 = 6 (1) m = 2x.(M 56) %mKl gim = m M + 2Ag+ M2+ + 2Ag 0,5x x x 0,5.x( 216 M ) .100 = 25 (2) m = 0,5x.(216 M) %mKl tng = m 4.( M 56) 6 = - T (1) ; (2) M = 65 Zn p n D 216 M 25

V d 2: Cho m gam hn hp bt cc kim loi Ni v Cu vo dung dch AgNO3 d. Khuy k cho n khi phn ng kt thc thu c 54 gam kim loi. Mt khc cn cho m gam hn hp bt cc kim loi trn vo dung dch CuSO4 d, khuy k cho n khi phn ng kt thc, thu c kim loi c khi lng bng (m + 0,5) gam. Gi tr ca m l: A. 15,5 gam B. 16 gam C. 12,5 gam D. 18,5 gam Hng dn: Gi nNi = x mol ; nCu = y mol c trong m gam hn hp Ni + 2Ag+ Ni2+ + 2Ag (1) Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag (2) Ni + Cu2+ Ni2+ + Cu (3) - T (3) (64 59).x = 0,5 x = 0,1 mol (*) - T (1) nAg(1) = 0,2 mol mAg(1) = 21,6 gam mAg(2) = 54 21,6 = 32,4 gam nAg(2) = 0,3 mol y = 0,15 mol (**) - T (*) ; (**) m = 0,1.59 + 0,15.64 = 15,5 gam p n A V d 3: Ha tan hn hp bt kim loi gm 8,4 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu vo 350 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l: A. 70,2 gam B. 54 gam C. 75,6 gam D. 64,8 gam Hng dn: nFe = 0,15 mol ; nCu = 0,1 ; n Ag = 0,7 mol Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag (1) 0,15 0,3 0,15 0,3 Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag 0,1 0,2 0,2 Fe2+ + Ag+ Fe3+ + Ag (3) 0,15 0,15 0,15 T (1) ; (2) m = (0,3 + 0,2 + 0,15).108 = 70,2 gam p n A V d 4: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l: A. 2,80 gam B. 4,08 gam C. 2,16 gam D. 0,64 gam n n n Hng dn: Fe = 0,04 mol ; Ag = 0,02 mol ; Cu = 0,1 mol Th t cc phn ng xy ra l: (Fe2+/Fe < Cu2+/Cu < Fe3+ < Fe2+ < Ag+ < Ag) Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag (1) 0,01 0,02 0,02 2+ 2+ Fe + Cu Fe + Cu (2) 0,03 0,03 T (1) ; (2) mY = 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08 gam p n B V d 5: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1 mol Ag+ n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn: A. 1,8 B. 1,5 C. 1,2 D. 2,0 Hng dn: - Dung dch cha 3 ion kim loi Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ - ne cho = (2,4 + 2x) mol v ne nhn = 1 + 2.2 = 5 mol - Yu cu bi ton tha mn khi ne cho < ne nhn hay (2,4 + 2x) < 5 x < 1,3 x =1,2 p n C V d 6: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v H2SO4 0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l: A. 17,8 v 4,48 B. 17,8 v 2,24 C. 10,8 v 4,48 D. 10,8 v 2,24 Hng dn: nCu = 0,16 mol ; nNO 3 = 0,32 mol ; nH = 0,4 mol - Cc phn ng xy ra l: Fe + 4H+ + NO3 Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O (1) 0,1 0,4 0,1 0,1 0,1 VNO = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lt (*) Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+ (2) 0,05 0,1 Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu (3) 0,16 0,16
+

2+

2+

- T (1) ; (2) ; (3) nFep = 0,1 + 0,05 + 0,16 = 0,31 mol - Hn hp bt kim loi gm Fe d v Cu (m 0,31.56) + 0,16.64 = 0,6m m = 17,8 gam (**) - T (*) ; (**) p n B 4) Mt s dng bi tp p dng: DNG 1: MT KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA MT MUI I. T Lun Cn nh: Mt kim loi y mt ion kim loi khc. iu kin kim loi X y c kim loi Y ra khi dung dch mui ca Y: - X phi ng trc Y trong dy in ha. V d 1: Xt phn ng sau: Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag Phn ng trn lun xy ra v: Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Ag v Ag+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu2+. Fe + Al3+: Phn ng ny khng xy ra v Fe ng sau Al trong dy in ha. - Mui ca kim loi Y phi tan trong nc. Zn + Fe(NO3)3 Zn(NO3)2 + Fe Phn ng ny xy ra v Zn ng trc Fe v mui st nitrat tan tt trong nc. Al + PbSO4: Phn ng ny khng xy ra v mui ch sunfat khng tan trong nc. Ch : Khng c ly cc kim loi kim (Na, K, ...) v kim th (Ca, Sr, Ba) mc d chng ng trc nhiu kim loi nhng khi cho vo nc th s tc dng vi nc trc to ra mt baz, sau s thc hin phn ng trao i vi mui to hiroxit (kt ta). V d 2: Cho kali vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 th c cc phn ng sau: K + H2O KOH + 1/2 H2. Fe2(SO4)3 + 6KOH 2Fe(OH)3 + 3K2SO4 Cu 1.Nhng thanh Al nng 50 gam vo 400 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5 M . Sau mt thi gian ly thanh Al ra cn li thy nng 51,38 gam a.Tnh khi lng Cu bm ln thanh Al b.Tnh nng mol/lit ca cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng s. a.mCu=1,92g;b.[CuSO4] =0.425M;.[Al2(SO4)3] =0,025M. Cu 2. Ngm 1 l km khi lng a gam vo 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,1 M n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton , ly l kim loi ra ra sch , lm kh , cn li thy nng 2,0 gam .Tnh gi tr ca a ? s.a=1,245g Cu 3. Cho kim loi A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d . Lng cht rn kt ta thu c gp 12 ln khi lng kim loi A em phn ng a. Xc nh kim loi A b. Nu cho A tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3 theo t l mol 1:2 th sau phn ng hon ton , khi lng cht rn thu c gp bao nhiu ln khi lng A s.a.Al;b.2,074 ln Cu 4. Mt tm Pt ph kim loi M . Ngm tm kim loi trong dung dch Cu(NO3)2 d , khi kt thc phn ng khi lng tm kim loi tng 0,16 gam. Ly tm kim loi ra khi dung dch , em ngm vo dung dch Hg(NO3)2 d n khi phn ng kt thc , thy khi lng kim loi li tng thm 2,74 gam na . Xc nh kim loi M ( Fe) v khi lng M ph trn tm Pt ( 1,12) Cu 5. Cho mt ming Zn vo dung dch cha 5,9 gam Cd(NO 3)2. Sau mt thi gian ly min Zn ra, cn ln thy khi lng tng 0,47 gam (Cho rng ton b Cd u bm vo ming Zn).Phn dung dch em c cn c Cd(NO3)2.4H2O v Zn(NO3)2.6H2O. Tnh khi lng mi mui kt tinh. Cho Cd = 112. Cu 6. Nhng thanh kim loi A ho tr II vo dung dch CuSO 4. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra thy khi lng gim 0,05%. Mt khc cng ly thanh kim loi nh trn nhng vo dung dch Pb(NO 3)2 th khi lng thanh kim loi tng ln 7,1%. Xc nh tn kim loi A. Bit rng s mol CuSO 4 v Pb(NO3)2 tham gia 2 trng hp bng nhau. Cu 7. Mt thanh grafit ph mt lp kim loi ho tr II em nhng vo dung dch CuSO 4 d. Sau phn ng khi lng thanh grafit gim 0,12 gam.Cng thanh grafit nh trn nhng vo dung dch AgNO 3 d th sau khi phn ng khi lng thanh grafit tng 0,26 gam.Xc nh tn v khi lng thanh kim loi ph ln thanh grafit. Cu 8. Nhng mt thanh kim loi M vo dung dch NiSO 4 sau mt thi gian thy khi lng thanh kim loi gim 0,12 gam. Xc nh tn thanh kim loi. Bit kim loi ho tr II v s mol NiSO 4 hao ht 0,02 mol. Tnh s gam kim loi tham gia phn ng. II.Trc nghim. Cu 1: Tin hnh 2 th nghim sau: - TN 1: Cho m gam bt st (d) vo V1 lt dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M.
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- TN 2: Cho m gam bt st vo V2 lt dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c 2 th nghim l bng nhau. Gi tr ca V1 so vi V2 l: A. V1=V2. B. V1=10V2. C. V1=5V2. D. V1=2V2. Cu 2: Nhng 1 thanh nhm nng 45 gam vo 400 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh nhm ra cn li thy nng 46,38 gam. Khi lng Cu thot ra l: A. 0,64 gam. B. 1,28 gam. C. 1,92 gam. D. 2,56 gam. Cu 3: Nhng mt thanh kim loi ha tr II vo dung dch CuSO4 d. Sau phn ng, khi lng thanh kim loi gim 0,24 gam. Cng thanh kim loi nu nhng vo dung dch AgNO3 d th khi phn ng xong khi lng thanh kim loi tng 0,52 gam. Kim loi ha tr II l: A. Zn B. Cd C. Sn D. Al Cu 4: Ngm mt vt bng Cu c khi lng 15 gam trong 340 gam dung dch AgNO3 6%. Sau mt thi gian ly vt ra thy khi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim 25%. Khi lng ca vt sau phn ng l: A. 3,24 gam. B. 2,28 gam. C. 17,28 gam. D. 24,12 gam. Cu 5: Cho 3,78 gam bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y. khi lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl3. Xc nh cng thc ca mui XCl3: A. InCl3. B. GaCl3. C. FeCl3. D. CrCl3. Cu 6: Nhng thanh Zn vo dung dch cha 8,32 gam CdSO4. Sau kh hon ton ion Cd2+ khi lng thanh Zn tng 2,35% so vi ban u. Hi khi lng thanh Zn ban u l: A. 80 g. C. 72,5 g. C. 70 g. D. 83,4 g. Cu 7: Nhng thanh kim loi R ha tr II vo dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra thy khi lng gim 0,05%. Mt khc nhng thanh kim loi ny vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2, sau mt thi gian thy khi lng thanh tng 7.1%. Bit rng s mol R tham gia hai phn ng l nh nhau. R l: A. Cd. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Sn. Cu 8: Cho hn hp A gm 0,15 mol Mg v 0,35 mol Fe phn ng vi V lt dung dch HNO3 1M thu c dung dch B v hn hp kh C gm 0,05 mol N2O, 0,1 mol NO v cn li 2,8 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca V l: A. 1,15 B. 1,22 C. 0,9 D. 1,1 Cu 9: Cho 28 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 1,1 mol AgNO3, kt thc phn ng thu c cht rn X v sau khi c cn dung dch mui thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 31,4. B. 96,2 C. 118,8 D. 108. Cu 10: Cho 0,24 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Fe3O4 vo dung dch HNO3 long, kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch X v 3,36 gam kim loi d. Khi lng mui c trong dung dch X l: A. 48,6 gam. B. 58,08 gam. C. 56,97 gam. D.65,34 gam. Cu 11: Cho m gam st vo dung dch cha 1,38 mol HNO3, un nng n kt tthc phn ng cn 0,75m gam cht rn khng tan v c 0,38 mol hn hp kh NO, NO2 thot ra ktc. Gi tr ca m l: A.70 B. 56 C. 84 D. 112. Cu 12: Ha tan m gam hn hp Fe, Cu, trong st chim 40% khi lng bng dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch X, 0,228 lt NO duy nht (ktc) v cn li 0,65m gam kim loi. Khi lng mui c trong dung dch X l: A. 2.7 gam. B. 5,4 gam. C. 11,2 gam. D. 4,8 gam. Cu 13: hn hp X gm Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng l 7:3. Ly m gam X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch cha 0,7 mol HNO3. Sau phn ng cn li 0,75m gam cht rn v c 0,25 mol kh Y gm NO v NO2. Gi tr ca m l: A. 40,5 B. 50,4 C. 50,2 D. 50. Cu 14: Nhng mt thanh st vo 50 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M cho n khi dung dch ht mu xanh. Hi khi lng thanh st tng hay gim bao nhiu gam: A. Tng 1,2 g. B. Gim 1,2g. C. Tng 0,4 g. D. Gim 0,4 g. Cu 15: Ngm mt l Zn trong 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,1M, sau ly thanh Zn ra ri cho tip dung dch HCl vo dung dch va thu c th khng thy hin tng g. Hi khi lng l Zn tng hay gim bao nhiu gam so vi ban u: A. Tng 0,755g. B. Gim 0,567g. C. Tng 2,16g. D. Tng 1,08g.

Cu 16: Nhng mt bn Zn nng 5,2 gam vo 100 ml dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi gian ly bn Zn ra cn li ch cn nng 5,8g. Khi lng Cu bm trn bn Zn l: A. 1,00g. B. 0,99g. C. 1,28g. D. 1,12g. Cu 17: Ngm mt bn Zn vo 0,2 lt dung dch AgNO3. Sau khi phn ng kt tthc, ly bn Zn ra, sy kh thy khi lng bn Zn tng 15,1 gam. Nng mol/l ca dung dch AgNO3 l:
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A. 0,5M B. 1,0M C. 0,75M D. 1,5M. Cu 18: Mt thanh kim loi M( ho tr II) c nhng vo 1 lt dung dch FeSO 4 sau phn ng thy khi lng thanh tng ln 16 gam. Nu nhng cng thanh kim loi y vo 1 lt dung dch CuSO 4 th khi lng thanh tng ln 20 gam. Bit rng cc phn ng trn u xy ra hon ton v sau phn ng cn iu ch kim loi M, 2 dung dch FeSO4 v CuSO4 c cng nng CM. Tm kim loi M: A. Mg B. Zn C. Pb D. p n khc Cu 19: Ly 2 thanh kim loi M c ha tr 2 c khi lng bng nhau. Thanh 1 nhng vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2, thanh 2 nhng vo dung dch Pb(NO 3)2 sau 1 thi gian khi lng thanh 1 gim 0,2%, thanh 2 tng 28,4% khi lng so vi ban u. S mol Cu(NO3)2 v Pb(NO3)2 u gim nh nhau. Xc nh kim loi M. A. Fe B. Zn C. Mg D. p n khc Cu 20: Mt thanh kim loi R ha tr II nhng vo dung dch CuSO 4 th khi lng thanh gim 1% so vi ban u . Cng thanh R nhng vo dung dch Hg(NO 3)2 th khi lng tng 67,5% so vi ban u. Xc nh R bit gim s mol ca Cu2+ bng 2 ln s mol ca Hg2+. R l: A. Zn B. Mg C. Fe D. Pb Cu 21: Nhng mt thanh Graphit c ph mt lp kim lai ho tr II vo dung dch CuSO4 d. Sau phn ng khi lng ca thanh Graphit gim i 0,24g. Cng thanh graphit trn nu c nhng vo dung dch AgNO3 th khi phn ng xong khi lng thanh graphit tng ln 0,52g. Kim lai ho tr II l: A.Pb B. Cd C. Al D. Sn Cu 22: Ngm mt ming kim loi X vo 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 1,2M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, ming kim loi c khi lng tng 0,96 gam. X l: A. Mg B. Ni C. Fe D. Al Cu 23: Y l mt kim loi. Nhng thanh kim loi Y vo 100 cm dung dch CuCl2 3 M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, thy khi lng thanh Y gim 0,3 gam. Y l: A. Cd B. Hg C. Ba D. Zn Cu 24: Cho 7,8 gam bt kim loi km ha tan trong 100 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 1M. Khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton, lc dung dch, thu c m gam cht rn. Tr s ca m l: A. 1,12 B. 4,48 C. 1,3 D. Tt c u sai Cu 25: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl3 . Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 3,36 gam cht rn . Gi tr ca m l : A. 2,16 B. 5,04 C. 4,32 D. 2,88 ( Cao ng 09 ) Cu 26:( Cao ng 2009 ). Nhng 1 l kim loi M ( ch c ha tr 2 trong cc hp cht ) c khi lng 50 gam vo 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton . Lc dung dch em c cn thu c 18,8 gam mui khan . Kim loi M l : A. Fe B. Cu C. Mg D. Zn Cu 27: Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ta thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Trong dung dch X c cha: A. Fe(NO3)2, AgNO3 B. Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3 C. Fe(NO3)2, AgNO3, Fe(NO3)3 D. Fe(NO3)2. Cu 28: Cho 1 bn km ( ly d ) vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2, phn ng xy ra hon ton, thy khi lng thanh km gim i 0,01g. Khi lng mui CuNO3)2 c trong dung dch l: A. < 0,01 g B. 1,88 g C. ~ 0,29 g D.Gi tr khc. Cu 29: Cho 0,01 mol Fe vo 50 ml dung dch AgNO31M. Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th khi lng Ag thu c l: A. 5,4g B. 2,16g C. 3,24g D. Gi tr khc. Cu 30: Cho mt inh st lung d vo 20 ml dung dch mui nitrat kim loi X c nng 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, tt c kim loi X to ra bm ht vo inh st cn d, thu c dung dch D. Khi lng dung dch D gim 0,16 gam so vi dung dch nitrat X lc u. Kim loi X l: A.Cu B.Hg C. Ni D. Mt kim loi khc Cu 31: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,9M. Khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton. Dung dch sau phn ng c: A. 7,26 gam Fe(NO3)3 B. 7,2 gam Fe(NO3)2 C. C A v B D. Mt tr s khc Cu 32: Nhng mt ming kim loi X vo 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M, sau khi kt thc phn ng, khi lng ming kim loi c khi lng tng 15,2 gam. Cho bit tt c kim loi bc to ra u bm vo ming loi X. Kim loi X l: A. ng B. St C. Km D. Nhm Cu 33: Cho a mol bt km vo dung dch c ha tan b mol Fe(NO3)3. Tm iu kin lin h gia a v b sau khi kt thc phn ng khng c kim loi. A. b 2a B. b = 2a/3 C. a 2b D. b > 3a
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Cu 34: Nhng mt mt ming kim loi M lng d vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, kim loi Cu to ra bm ht vo ming kim loi M. em cn li thy khi lng dung dch gim 13,8 gam so vi trc khi phn ng. M l kim loi no? A. Al B. Fe C. Mg D. Zn Cu 35: Nhng mt ming kim loi M vo dung dch CuSO4, sau mt lc em cn li, thy ming loi c khi lng ln hn so vi trc khi phn ng. Cho bit kim loi b y ra khi mui bm ht vo ming kim loi cn d. M khng th l:A. Fe B. Zn C. Ni D. Al Cu 36: Cho mt thanh kim loi M vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi ly thanh kim loi ra khi dung dch (c kim loi Cu bm vo). Cn li dung dch thy khi lng dung dch tng so vi trc khi phn ng. M khng th l:A. Pb B. Fe C. Zn D. A v C. Cu 40: Ha tan 0,784 gam bt st trong 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,3M. Khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 100 ml dung dch A. Nng mol/l cht tan trong dung dch A l: A. Fe(NO3)2 0,12M; Fe(NO3)3 0,02M B. Fe(NO3)3 0,1M C. Fe(NO3)2 0,14M D. Fe(NO3)2 0,14M; AgNO3 0,02M Cu 41: Cho 19,5 gam bt kim loi km vo 250 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,5M. Khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l: A. 11,2 gam B. 9,8 gam C. 11,375 gam D. 8,4 gam Cu 42: Cho 5,608 gam hn hp A hai cht rn dng bt gm ng kim loi v mui Fe(NO3)3 vo mt cc thy tinh. Rt nc vo cc v khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sau phn ng, thy trong cc cn li 0,128 gam cht rn khng tan. Khi lng mi cht c trong 5,608 gam hn hp A l: A. 0,768g Cu; 4,84g Fe(NO3)3 B. 1,28g Cu; 4,328g Fe(NO3)3 C. 0,078g Cu; 5,53g Fe(NO3)3 D. 0,96g Cu; 4,648g Fe(NO3)3 Cu 43: Ha tan ht 6,16 gam Fe vo 300 ml dung dch AgNO3 c nng C (mol/l). Sau khi phn ng xong, thu c hai mui st c khi lng l 24,76 gam. Tr s ca C l: A. 0,5 B. 1,5 C. 1,0 D. Kt qu khc Cu 44: Cho a mol bt km vo dung dch c ha tan b mol Fe(NO3)3. Tm iu kin lin h gia a v b sau khi kt thc phn ng khng c kim loi. A.b 2a B. b = 2a/3 C.a 2b D. b > 3a Cu 45: Nhng mt mt ming kim loi M lng d vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, kim loi Cu to ra bm ht vo ming kim loi M. em cn li thy khi lng dung dch gim 13,8 gam so vi trc khi phn ng. M l kim loi no? A. Al B.Fe C. Mg D. Zn Cu 46: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo mt cc c cha 400 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,225 M. Khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn khng tan. Tr s ca m l: A. 10,28 B. 8,64 C. 9,72 D. Mt tr s khc Cu 47:(HB-2011):Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe 2(SO4)3 0,24M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng dung dch tng thm 9,6 gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban u. Gi tr ca m l: A. 20,80. B. 29,25. C. 48,75. D. 32,50. Cu 48: (H B-2011): Cho m gam bt Cu vo 400 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,2M, sau mt thi gian phn ng thu c 7,76 gam hn hp cht rn X v dung dch Y. Lc tch X, ri thm 5,85 gam bt Zn vo Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 10,53 gam cht rn Z. Gi tr ca m l: A. 5,12. B. 3,84. C. 5,76. D. 6,40. Cu 49: Cho 0,1mol Fe vo 500 ml dung dch AgNO31M th dung dch thu c cha: A. AgNO3 B. Fe(NO3)3 C. AgNO3 v Fe(NO3)2 D. AgNO3 v Fe(NO3)3 DNG 2: MT KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA NHIU MUI I. T Lun Cho mt kim loi X vo dung dch cha hai mui ca hai ion kim loi Yn+ v Zm+. - n gin trong tnh ton, ta ch xt trng hp X ng trc Y v Z, ngha l kh c c hai ion Yn+ v Zm+ (Y ng trc Z). - Do Zm+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Yn+ nn X phn ng vi Zm+ trc: mX + qZm+ mXq+ + qZ (1) (q l ha tr ca X) Nu sau phn ng (1) cn d X th c phn ng: nX + qYn+ nXq+ + qY (2)
6

Vy, cc trng hp xy ra sau khi phn ng kt thc: + Nu dung dch cha 3 ion kim loi (Xq+, Yn+ v Zm+) th khng c phn ng (2) xy ra, tc l kim loi X ht v ion Zm+ cn d. + Nu dung dch cha hai ion kim loi (Xq+, Yn+) th phn ng (1) xy ra xong (tc ht Zm+), phn ng (2) xy ra cha xong (d Yn+), tc l X ht. + Nu dung dch ch cha ion kim loi (Xq+) th phn ng (1), (2) xy ra hon ton, tc l cc ion Yn+ v Zm+ ht, cn X ht hoc d. Ch : - Nu bit s mol ban u ca X, Yn+ v Zm+ th ta thc hin th t nh trn. - Nu bit c th s mol ban u ca Yn+ v Zm+ nhng khng bit s mol ban u ca X, th: + Khi bit khi lng cht rn D (gm cc kim loi kt ta hay d), ta ly hai mc so snh: Mc 1: Va xong phn ng (1), cha xy ra phn ng (2). Z kt ta ht, Y cha kt ta, X tan ht. mCht rn = mZ = m1 Mc 2: Va xong phn ng (1) v phn ng (2), Y v Z kt ta ht, X tan ht. mCht rn = mZ + mY = m2 Ta tin hnh so snh khi lng cht rn D vi m1 v m2 Nu mD < m1: Z kt ta mt phn, Y cha kt ta. Nu m1 < mD < m2 : Z kt ta ht, Y kt ta mt phn Nu mD > m2 : Y v Z kt ta ht, d X. + Khi bit khi lng chung cc oxit kim loi sau khi nung kt ta hidroxit to ra khi thm NaOH d vo dung dch thu c sau phn ng gia X vi Yn+ v Zm+, ta c th s dng 1 trong 2 phng php sau: Phng php 1: Gi s ch c phn ng (1) (Z kt ta ht, X tan ht, Yn+ cha phn ng) th: m1 = m cc oxit Gi s va xong phn ng (1) v (2) (Y v Z kt ta ht, X tan ht) th: m2 = mcc oxit xc nh im kt thc phn ng, ta tin hnh so snh mcht rn vi m1, m2 nh: m2 < mcht rn < m1: Z kt ta ht, Y kt ta mt phn, X tan ht. mcht rn > m1: Z kt ta mt phn, Y cha kt ta, X tan ht. Phng php 2: Xt 3 trng hp sau: D X, ht Yn+ v Zm+. Ht X, d Yn+ v Zm+. Ht X, ht Zm+ v d Yn+. Trong mi trng hp, gii h phng trnh va lp. Nu cc nghim u dng v tha mn mt iu kin ban u ng vi cc trng hp kho st th ng v ngc li l sai. Cu 1. Cho Fe vo dung dch hn hp cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 thu c dung dch A . Cho Mg vo dung dch A thu c dung dch B v cht rn C gm 2 kim loi khng tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long , nhng tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c , nng to ra kh mi xc . Xc nh thnh phn cc cht trong A, B , C Cu 2. Cho m gam Fe vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp A cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 17,2 gam cht rn B . Tch B c nc lc C . Cho C tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 18,4 gam gm 2 kt ta hidroxit . Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 16 gam cht rn . Xc nh gi tr m v nng mol/lit cc mui trong dung dch A Cu 3. Lc 0,81 gam bt Al vo 200 ml dung dch G cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian , thu c cht rn A v dung dch B . Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 100,8 ml H2 (ktc) v cn li 6,012 gam hn hp 2 kim loi . Cho B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d , lc , ra kt ta v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 1,6 gam 1 oxit a. Xc nh nng mol/lit ca cc mui trong dung dch G b. Ha tan hon ton A vo 200 ml dung dch HNO3 a mol/l thu c dung dch D v kh NO bay ra , cho dung dch D tc dng va ht vi 1,92 gam Cu . Tnh gi tr a ? Cu 4. Cho 9,10 gam bt km vo mt dung dch cha hn hp hai mui tan gm c AgNO 3 0,1 mol v Hg(NO3)2 0,1 mol. Phn ng xy ra hon ton. a. Vit phng trnh phn ng tun t xy ra (dng ion thu gn) c gii thch. b. Tm khi lng cht rn thu c.
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Cu 4. Cho 0,828 gam bt nhm vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp A c pha trn t AgNO3 0,44 M v Pb(NO3)2 0,36 M vi th tch bng nhau , thu c cht rn B v dung dch C a. Tnh khi lng B b. Cho 20 ml dung dch NaOH vo dung dch C , thu c 0,936 gam kt ta . Tnh nng dung dch NaOH dng Cu 5. Lc k 1,6 gam bt Cu Vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp AgNO3 0,2 M v Fe(NO3)3 0,15M c dung dch A v kt ta B . Tnh khi lng kt ta B , nng cc cht trong dung dch A Cu 6. Lc k m gam bt Ni vo 150 gam dung dch gm AgNO3 8,5% v Cu(NO3)2 14,1 % a. Tnh khi lng Ni cn dng phn ng xong , lng Cu(NO3)2 cn mt na ban u b. Tnh khi lng Ni cn dng khi dng phn ng , nng % ca Cu(NO3)2 gim i mt na Cu 7. Lc k 1,3 gam bt Zn vi 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1 M v Fe(NO3)3 0,05 M . Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch A v Kt ta B a. Tnhkhi lng kt ta B ( 2,44) b. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d , lc kt ta , em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i . Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c ? ( 0,4) Cu 8. Mt dung dch cha 3,2 gam CuSO 4 v 6,24 gam CdSO4. Cho thanh km 65 gam vo dung dch. Sau khi phn ng hon tt, tt c kim loi thot ra u bm vo thanh kim loi. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Hi khi lng sau cng ca thanh kim loi bng bao nhiu? Cu 9. Cho m gam bt Al vo 500ml dung dch A cha Ag2SO4 v CuSO4 mt thi gian, thu c 3,33 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. Chia B lm hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn th nht vo dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 1.512 lt H2 (ktc). Ho tan phn th hai trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu 1,455 gam kh NO duy nht. Thm HCl d vo dung dch C khng thy xut hin kt ta, thu c dung dch D. Nhng mt thanh st vo dung dch D cho n khi dung dch ht mu xanh v lng kh H 2 thot ra l 0,448 lt (ktc) th nhc thanh st ra, thy khi lng thanh st gim i 1,072 gam so vi ban u (kim loi gii phng ra bm hon ton trn thanh st). Tnh m v nng ca tng mui trong dung dch A. Cu 10. Lc m gam Fe vo dung dch A gm AgNO 3 v Cu(NO3)2 n khi phn ng kt thc thu c x gam cht rn B. Tch B c nc lc C. Cho nc lc C tc dng vi NaOH d thu c a gam kt ta ca hai hiroxit kim loi, nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c b gam cht rn. a. Lp biu thc tnh a, b. b. Tnh m, s mol hai mui ban u bit a = 36 gam, b = 32 gam, x = 34,4gam. Cu 12. Trn hai dung dch AgNO3 0,44M v Pb(NO3)2 0,36 M vi th tch bng nhau c dung dch A. Thm 0,828 gam bt nhm vo 100 ml dung dch A, thu c cht rn B v dung dch C. a. Tnh khi lng ca B. b. Cho 20ml dung dch NaOH vo dung dch C thu c 0,936 gam kt ta. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch NaOH. c. Cho cht rn B vo dung dch Cu(NO 3)2, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 6,046 gam cht rn D. Tnh % v khi lng cc cht trong D. Cu 13. Lc m gam bt Fe vi 500ml dung dch A gm AgNO 3 v Cu(NO3)2 n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 17,2 gam cht rn B. Tch B ta c dung dch C. Cho dung dch C tc dng vi NaOH d c 18,4 gam kt ta hai hiroxit kim loi. Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 16 gam cht rn. a. Xc nh m. b. Tnh nng mol ca cc mui trong A. Cu 14. Cho 2,24 gam bt Fe vo 200ml dung dch hn hp gm AgNO 3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M, khuy u ti phn ng hon ton c cht rn A v dung dch B. a. Tnh s gam cht rn A. b. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch B. c. Cho dung dch amoniac n d vo dung dch B, khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton c kt ta C. Lc kt ta C ra sch v nung n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh m? d. Ho tan hon ton cht rn A bng dung dch HNO3 c th thu c mt kh mu nu duy nht bay ra. Tnh th tch kh iu kin tiu chun. Cu 15. Cho 12g Mg vo 1 lt dung dch ASO4 v BSO4 c cng nng l 0,1M ( tnh kh Mg>A>B). a. Chng minh A v B kt ta ht. b. Bit rng phn ng cho sn phm cht rn C c khi lng 19,2 gam. Khi cho C tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, d cn li 1 kim loi khng ta c khi lng 6,4 gam. Xc nh 2 kim loi A,B.
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c. Ly 1 lt dung dch ASO4 v BSO4 vi nng mi mui l 0,1M v thm vo m gam Mg. Lc ly dung dch C. Thm NaOH d vo dung dch D thu c kt ta E. Nung E ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 10 gam cht rn F. Tnh gi tr ca M. Cu 16. Cho 2,24 gam bt Fe vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M, khuy u ti phn ng hon ton, thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. a. Tnh s gam cht rn A. b. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht c trong dung dch B. c. Cho dung dch amoniac n d vo dung dch B, khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton, c kt ta C. Lc ly kt ta C, ra sch v nung n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh m. d.Ho tan hon ton cht rn A bng dung dch HNO 3 () th thu c mt kh mu nu duy nht bay ra. Tnh th tch kh iu kin tiu chun. Cu 17. Cho 11,2 gam Fe tc dng vi 500ml dung dch gm hai cht Cu(NO 3)2 0,04M v AgNO3 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, lc tch cht rn A v thu c dung dch B. 1. Tnh khi lng ca A. 2. Xc nh nng mol/lt ca dung dch B, bit rng th tch dung dch sau phn ng vn khng thay i. 3. Ho tan cht rn A vo dung dch HNO 3 c ngui thy thot ra mt kh mu nu duy nht. Tnh th tch kh ny iu kin tiu chun. Cu 18. Cho a gam bt st vo 200ml dung dch X gm hn hp hai mui l AgNO 3 v Cu(NO3)2. Phn ng xong, thu c 3,44 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. Tch B ri cho dung dch C tc dng vi NaOH d, thu c 3,68 gam kt ta hai hiroxit kim loi. Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 3,2 gam cht rn. 1. Xc nh a. 2. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc mui trong dung dch X. Cu 19. Dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol dung dch FeSO4. Xt 3 th nghim sau: Th nghim 1: Thm c mol Mg vo dung dch A, sau phn ng trong dung dch c 3 mui. Th nghim 2: Thm 2c mol Mg vo dung dch A, sau phn ng trong dung dch c 2 mui. Th nghim 3: Thm 3c mol Mg vo dung dch A, sau phn ng trong dung dch c 1 mui. a. Tm mi quan h gia c vi a va b trong tng th nghim trn. b. Nu a = 0,2 mol, b = 0,3 mol v s mol Mg l 0,4 mol, tnh khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng. (HQG Tp.HCM 2000-2001) II.Trc nghim. Cu 1: Cho 14 gam bt st tc dng vi 1 lt dung dch FeCl3 0,1M v CuCl2 0,15M. Kt thc phn ng thu c cht rn A c khi lng: A. 9,6g. B. 6,4g. C. 12,4g. D. 11,2g. Cu 2: Cho bt st tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,02 mol AgNO3 v 0,01 mol Cu(NO3)2. phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn X c khi lng 3 gam. Trong X c: A. Ag, Fe. B. Ag, Cu. C. Ag, Cu, Fe. D. Cu, Fe. Cu 3: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Khuy u n phn ng hon ton, thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. Khi lng cht rn A l: A. 4,08g B. 2,08g C. 1,80g. D. 4,12g. Cu 4: Cho 0,96 gam bt Mg vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm AgNO3 0,2M v Cu(NO3)2 1M. Khuy u n phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. Sc kh NH3 d vo B, lc ly kt ta em nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i th thu c cht rn c khi lng l: A. 2,4g. B. 1,52g. C. 1,6g. D. 1,2g. Cu 5: Trn 2 dung dch AgNO3 0,42M v Zn(NO3)2 0,36M vi th tch bng nhau thu c dung dch X. Cho 0,81 gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch X, ngi ta thu c cht rn Y, khi lng ca cht rn Y l: A. 5,81g. B. 6,521g. C. 5,921g. D. 6,291g. Cu 6: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp CuSO4 0,08M v Ag2SO4 0,004M. Gi s tt c Cu, Ag sinh ra u bm vo thanh st. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh st ra cn li c 100,48g. Khi lng cht rn bm vo thanh st l: A. 1, 28g. B. 0,432g. C. 1,712g. D. 2,144g. Cu 7: Cho 12g Mg vo dung dch cha hai mui FeCl 2 v CuCl2 c cng nng 2M, th tch dung dch l 100ml. Sau ly dung dch sau phn ng cho tc dng vi dung dch KOH d. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c. A. 23,2g B. 22,3 g C. 24,6 g D. 19,8 g Cu 8: Ly m g Fe cho vo 1 lt dung dch Y cha AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,1M. Sau phn ng hon ton ta thu c 15,28g cht rn D v dung dch B. Tnh m.
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A. 6,72gam. B. 7,26 gam C. 6,89 gam D. 5,86 gam Cu 9: Cho Mg vo 1lt dung dch gm CuSO4 0,1M v FeSO4 0,1M .Sau phn ng lc ly dung dch B thm KOH d vo B c kt ta D . Nung D ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c 10 gam rn E . Tnh khi lng Mg dng . A. 3,6g B. 3,8 g C. 2,9 g D. 3,4 g Cu 10: ( Cao ng 09 ). Cho m1 gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO3)2 0,3M v AgNO3 0,3M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m2 gam cht rn X . Nu cho m2 gam cht rn X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0,336 lit kh (ktc) . Gi tr ca m1 v m2 l : A. 8,10 v 5,43 B. 1,08 v 5,43 C. 0,54 v 5,16 D. 1,08 v 5,16 Cu 11: (HB-2009). Cho 2,24 gam bt Fe vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1 M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5 M . Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y . Gi tr ca m l : A. 2,80 B. 2,16 C. 4,08 D. 0,64 Cu 12: (HB-2009). Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm AgNO3 0,2 M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2 M . Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra , ra sch , lm kh , cn c 101,72 gam ( gi thit cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st ) . Khi lng st phn ng l : A. 1,40 B. 2,16 C. 0,84 D. 1,72 Cu 13: Nhng thanh kim loi Mg vo mt dung dch cha hn hp 3,2 gam CuSO4 v 6,24 gam CdSO4 . Hi sau khi Cu v Cd b y han ton t khi lng thanh Mg tng hay gim bao nhiu gam ? A. Tng 3,4 B. Gim 3,44 C.Tng 3,44 D. Kt qu khc Cu 14: Cho m gam Zn vo 100 ml dung dch cha CuSO4 0,1 M v FeSO4 0,1 M . Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon tan , thu c dung dch A cha 2 ion kim loi . Thm dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A c kt ta B . Nung B trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn C c khi lng 0,64 gam . Gi tr m l : A. 1,17 B. 0,65 C. 0,78 D. Kt qu khc Cu 15: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 4 M v Cu(NO3)2 1 M . Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch cha 3 mui ( trong c 1 mui ca Fe) v 32,4 gam cht rn . Gi tr ca m l : A.11,2 B. 16,8 C. 22,4 D. 5,6 Cho a mol Al tc dng vi dung dch c ha tan x mol AgNO3 v y mol Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi Cu 16: phn ng xong, thu c dung dch c ha tan 2 mui. Biu thc lin h gia a, x, y l: A. a = x + 2y B. x + 2y 2a < x + 3y C. 2x a < 4y D. x 3a < x + 2y Cu 17: Cho 5,04g bt kim loi Fe vo 200ml dung dch hn hp gm: FeCl2 0,2M; FeCl30,2M v Fe2(SO4)3 0,25M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, thy cn li m gam cht rn. Tr s ca m l: A. 0,56 B. 1,12 C. 0,84 D. 1,4 Cu 18: Cho 12g Mg vao 1 lit dung dch cha CuSO4 0,25M va FeSO4 0,3M. Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phan ng l: A. 16 g B. 22g C. 30g D. 32,5g 2+ + Cu 19: Cho a mol Mg va b mol Zn vao dung dich cha c mol Cu va d mol Ag . Bit rng: a< c + 0,5d. thu c dung dich cha 3 ion kim loai thi iu kin cua b la: A. b> c- a B. b< c a C. b< c + 0,5d D. b< c- a + 0,5d Cu 20: Cho 6,48 gam bt kim loi nhm vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp Fe2(SO4)3 1M v ZnSO4 0,8M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, thu c hn hp cc kim loi c khi lng m gam. Tr s ca m l: A. 16,4 gam B. 15,1 gam C. 14,5 gam D. 12,8 gam Cu 21: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol Mg v 0,2 mol Al tc dng vi dng dch CuCl2 d ri ly cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c. S mol kh NO2 thot ra l: A.0,8 mol B. 0,3 mol C. 0,6 mol D. 0,2 mol DNG 3: NHIU KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA MT MUI I.T lun. Cn nh: Hai kim loi X,Y vo mt dung dch cha mt ion Zn+. - Nu khng bit s mol ban u ca X, Y, Zn+, th ta vn p dng phng php chung bng cch chia ra tng trng hp mt, lp phng trnh ri gii. - Nu bit c s mol ban u ca X, Y nhng khng bit s mol ban u ca Zn+, th ta p dng phng php dng 2 mc so snh. Nu ch c X tc dng vi Zn+ mcht rn = m1. Nu c X, Y tc dng vi Zn+ (khng d Zn+) mcht rn =m2
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Nu X tc dng ht, Y tc dng mt phn m1 < mcht rn < m2. V d1: Cho a mol Zn v b mol Fe tc dng vi c mol Cu2+. Cc bn phn ng. Zn Zn2+ + 2e (mol) a 2a Fe Fe2+ + 2e (mol) b 2b Cu Cu2+ + 2e (mol) c 2c Tng s mol electron cho: 2a + 2b (mol) Tng s mol electron nhn: 2c (mol) Vy: 2a + 2b = 2c a + b = c. V d 2: Cho 0,387 gam hn hp A gm Zn v Cu vo dung dch Ag2SO4 c s mol l 0,005 mol. Khuy u ti phn ng hon ton thu c 1,144gam cht rn. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi. Hng dn gii: - Phn ng: Zn + Ag2SO4 = ZnSO4 + 2Ag Cu + Ag2SO4 = CuSO4 + 2Ag - V tng s mol Zn v Cu nm trong gii hn: 0,387/65 < nhh < 0,387/64 0,0059 < nhh < 0,00604 nhh ln hn 0,005 mol, chng t Ag2SO4 ht. - Gi s Zn phn ng mt phn, Cu cha tham gia phn ng. Gi s mol Zn ban u l x; s mol Zn phn ng l x' Gi s mol Cu ban u l y. Khi lng kim loi tng: 108.2x' - 65.x' = 1,144 - 0,387 = 0,757 (gam) 151x' = 0,757 x' = 0,00501. S mol ny ln hn 0,005 mol, iu ny khng ph hp vi bi, do Zn phn ng ht v x = x'. - Zn phn ng ht, Cu tham gia phn ng mt phn. Gi s mol Cu tham gia phn ng l y. Ta c phng trnh khi lng kim loi tng: 108.2x - 65.x + 108 . 2y' - 64 . y' = 0,757 (*) Gii phng trnh (*) kt hp vi phng trnh: x + y' = 0,005 Ta c: x = 0,003 v y = 0,002 Vy: mZn = 0,003 . 65 = 0,195 (gam) mCu = 0,387 - 0,195 = 0,192 (gam) V d 3: Cho 4,15 gam hn hp Fe, Al phn ng vi 200ml dung dch CuSO4 0,525M. Khuy k hn hp phn ng xy ra hon ton. em lc kt ta (A) gm hai kim loi nng 7,84 gam v dung dch nc lc (B). ha tan kt ta (A) cn t nht bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO3 2M, bit phn ng to NO? Hng dn gii: Phn ng xy ra vi Al trc, sau n Fe. Theo gi thit, kim loi sinh ra l Cu (kim loi II). Gi x l s mol Al, y l s mol Fe phn ng v z l mol Fe d: 2Al + 3CuSO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu x 1,5x 1,5x (mol) Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu y y y (mol) Ta c: 27x + 56(y + z) = 4,15 (1) 1,5x + y = 0,2 . 0,525 = 0,105 (2) 64(1,5x + y) + 56z = 7,84 (3) Gii h (1), (2), (3) x = 0,05, y = 0,03 v z = 0,02. Phn ng vi HNO3: Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O z 4z (mol) 3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
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(1,5x + y) 8/3(1,5x +y) (mol) nHNO3 = 8,3(1,5x + y) + 4z = 0,36 (mol) Vy V dung dch HNO3 = 0,36 /2 = 0,18 (lt) V d 4: Cho 9,16 gam bt A gm Zn, Fe, Cu vo cc ng 170ml dung dch CuSO4 1M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v kt ta D, nung D trong khng kh nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 12 gam cht rn. Thm dung dch NaOH vo mt na dung dch B, lc kt ta, ra v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 5,2 gam cht rn E. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. Hng dn gii - Theo u bi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton nn Zn phn ng trc, sau n Fe v ion Cu2+ c th ht hoc cn d. nCuSO4 = 0,17 . 1 = 0,17 (mol) - Gi s 9,16 gam A hon ton l Fe (khi lng nguyn t nh nht) th nhn hp = 9,16/56 = 0,164 (mol). V n vy n A < CuSO . Do phn ng CuSO4 cn d, hn hp kim loi ht. - Phng trnh phn ng: Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu x x x x (mol) Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu y y y y (mol) Gi nCu ban u l z mol Ta c: 65x + 56y + 64z = 9,16 (1) Cht rn D l Cu: Cu + 1/2O2 = CuO (x + y + z) = 12/80 = 0,15(mol) (2) - Khi cho 1/2 dung dch B + NaOH s xy ra cc phn ng: Ta c phng trnh: (0,25y . 160) + 0,5(0,17 - x - y) . 80 = 5,2 (3) Gii h phng trnh (1), (2), (3) ta c: x = 0,04 (mol) Zn; y = 0,06 (mol) Fe v z = 0,05 mol Cu T tnh c khi lng ca tng kim loi. Bi tp p dng. Cu 1. Cho hn hp X dng bt gm 0,05 mol Fe v 0,1 mol Al tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch Ag NO 3 2,1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y v cht rn Z. Tnh khi lng ca cht rn Z v CM ca cc dung dch trong Y. Cu 2. Cho 4,15 (g) hn hp bt Fe v Al tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,525 M . Khuy k cc phn ng xy ra hon ton . em lc kt ta A gm 2 kim loi c khi lng 7,84 ( g ) v nc lc B a. ha tan ht kt ta A cn dng t nht bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO3 2M ( bit phn ng gii phng kh NO duy nht ) b. Thm V( l ) dung dch hn hp gm Ba(OH)2 0,05 M v NaOH 0,1M vo dung dch B . Tnh gi tr ca V kt ta hon ton 2 hidroxit kim loi . Sau , nu em lc kt ta , ra sch v nung trong khng kh nhit cao n khi phn ng hon ton th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn ? Cu 3. Cho 3,58 gam hn hp bt X gm Al,Fe,Cu vo 200 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0,5 M cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch A v cht rn B . Nung B nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 6,4 gam cht rn . Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d , lc, ra, nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 2,62 gam cht rn D .Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u ? Cu 4. Cho 1,36 gam hn hp kim loi Fe v Mg vo 400 ml dung dch CuSO4 x mol/lit . Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 1,84 gam B gm 2 cht rn v dung dch C . Thm dung dch NaOH vo dung dch C thu c kt ta , nung kt ta n khi lng khng i thu c 1,2 gam cht rn a. Tnh ga tr ca x b. Cho 1,36 gam hn hp ny tc dng vi V(lit) dung dch AgNO3 0,1 M sau phn ng c cht rn E nng 3,36 gam . Tnh V ? Cu 5. Cho 0,411 gam hn hp Fe v Al vo 250 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,12M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cht rn A nng 3,324 gam v dung dch nc lc. Cho dung dch nc lc tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th to kt ta trng dn dn ho nu trong khng kh. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
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Cu 6. Cho 10,72 gam hn hp Fe v Cu tc dng vi 500ml dung dch AgNO 3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch A v 35,84 gam cht rn B. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi NaOH d. Lc ly kt ta ra sch ri nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 12 gam cht rn C. a. Tnh khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh nng mol dung dch AgNO3. Cu 7. Cho 1,36 gam hn hp Fe v Mg vo 400ml dung dch CuSO 4 cha r nng . Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton c cht rn A nng 1,84 gam v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi NaOH d. Lc ly kt ta em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c hn hp oxit nng 1,2 gam. a. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi ban u. b. Tnh nng mol dung dch CuSO4. Cu 8. Cho 7,64 gam hn hp A gm Cu, Fe vo 1,1 lt dung dch Fe 2(SO4)3 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch B v 0,96 gam mt cht rn C. Cho C vo dung dch H2SO4 long khng thy c kh thot ra. 1. Tnh khi lng Cu, Fe c trong 7,64 gam hn hp A. 2. Cho dung dch B phn ng va vi 100 ml dung dch KMnO 4 trong mi trng axit H2SO4. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch KMnO4 (bit trong mi trng axit MnO4- Mn2+). Cu 9. Cho 12,9 gam hn hp Zn v Cu phn ng vi 0,2 lt dung dch AgNO 3. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 35,6 gam cht rn A v dung dch B. C cn dung dch B c 28,3 gam mui khan. a. Tnh % khi lng cc kim loi ban u. b. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch AgNO3. Cu 10. Cho 5,6 gam hn hp Mg, Cu vo 400 ml dung dch AgNO 3, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 32,4 gam cht rn A v dung dch nc lc B. a. Tnh s gam mi kim loi c trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh nng mol ca cc mui trong nc lc B. Cu 11. Cho 21,44 gam Fe v Cu vo 2 lt dung dch AgNO 3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 71,68 gam cht rn A v dung dch B. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch B thy c kt ta. Lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 25,6 gam cht rn. a. Tnh s gam Fe, Cu trong hn hp ban u. b. Tnh nng mol dung dch AgNO3 Cu 12. Cho 1,66 gam hn hp bt A gm Al v Fe tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch CuCl 2 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton em lc tch c kt ta B gm 2 kim loi c khi lng l 3,12 gam v dung dch C. 1. Hy tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc cht trong A. 2. Thm Ba(OH)2 0,015M vo dung dch C. Hy tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH) 2 cn cho vo thu c kt ta ln nht. Cu 13. Cho 1,1 gam hn hp Al v Fe (nAl= 2nFe) vo 100ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5 M. Khuy u cho n phn ng xy ra hon ton. 1. Tnh khi lng cht rn sinh ra. 2. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch thu c. Cu 14. Cho 9,16 gam bt A gm Zn, Fe, Cu vo cc ng 170 ml dung dch CuSO 4 1M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v kt ta C. Nung C trong khng kh nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 12 gam cht rn. Thm dung dch NaOH vo mt na dung dch B, lc ly kt ta, ra v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 5,2 gam cht rn D. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi c trong hn hp ban u. Cu 15. Cho 1,7g hn hp bt Mg v Fe vo 500ml dung dch CuSO4 cha bit nng . Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c cht rn A cn nng 2,3g v dung dch (nc lc) B. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d khi c mt khng kh. Lc ly kt ta em nung nhit cao c hn hp oxit cn nng 1,5g. a. Tnh khi lng Mg v Fe c trong hn hp u. b. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch CuSO4. Cu 16. Cho 3,16 gam hn hp B dng bt gm Mg, Fe tc dng vi 250ml dung dch CuCl 2. Khuy u hn hp, lc ra kt ta c dung dch B1 v 3,84 gam cht rn B2. Thm vo B1 mt lng d dung dch NaOH long ri lc, ra kt ta mi c to thnh. Nung kt ta trong khng kh nhit cao, c 1,4 gam cht rn B3 gm 2 oxit kim loi. Tt c cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. 1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v gii thch. 2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong B v tnh nng mol dung dch CuCl2.
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Cu 17. A l dung dch AgNO3 nng a mol/l. Cho 13,8 g hn hp bt Fe v bt Cu vo 750 ml dung dch A. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dng dch B v 37,2 g cht rn E. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch B thu c kt ta. Ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 12 g hn hp gm 2 oxit ca hai kim loi. 1. Tnh % khi lng hai kim loi trong hn hp ban u. 2. Tnh a ? (Cho cc phn ng xy ra hon ton; Fe + 2Ag+ = Fe2+ + 2Ag). Cu 18. Cho hn hp bt kim loi Fe v Mg (c s mol bng nhau) vo dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp hai kim loi nng 2,48 gam trong c 1,92 gam Cu. Tnh s mol Fe v Mg dng. Cu 19. Cho hn hp X gm 0,006 mol Ag; 0,054 mol Pb v 0,034 mol Al vo 500ml dung dch Cu(NO 3)2. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 18,138 gam cht rn Y. a. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong Y. b. Tnh nng mol dung dch Cu(NO3)2. Cu 20. Cho 3,58 gam hn hp bt X gm Al, Fe, Cu vo 200 ml Cu(NO 3)2 0,5M, n khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch A v cht rn B. Nung B trong khng kh nhit cao n phn ng hon ton c 6,4 gam cht rn. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NH 3 d, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 2,62 gam cht rn D. a. Tnh phn trm khi lng cc cht trong hn hp X. b. Ho tan hon ton 3,58 gam hn hp X vo 250 ml dung dch HNO 3 a mol/l c dung dch E v kh NO. Dung dch E va tc dng ht vi 0,88 gam bt Cu. Tnh a? Cu 21. Cho 3,61 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Zn tc dng vi 200ml dung dch Cu(NO 3)2 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton c dung dch A v 5,12 gam cht rn B. Lc b cht rn B, ri cho NaOH d vo phn nc lc thy c kt ta. Lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 3,2 gam cht rn D. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Xc nh khi lng mi kim loi trong X. Cu 22. Cho 9,16 gam hn hp Zn, Cu, Fe vo cc ng 170 ml dung dch CuSO 4 1M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v kt ta C. Ho tan ht C bng dung dch HNO 3 long, thu c 2,8 lt NO (ktc). Thm NaOH d vo dung dch B, lc ly kt ta em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c 10,4 gam cht rn E. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh s gam mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. Cu 23. Cho 7,16 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Cu tc dng vi 400ml Cu(NO 3)2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch A v cht rn B. nung B trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 5,24 gam cht rn D. a. Chng minh rng Cu(NO3)2 dng d. b. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong X. Cu 24. Cho 1,39 gam hn hp A gm Al v Fe dng bt phn ng vi 500ml CuSO 4 0,05M. Khuy k cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c 2,16 gam cht rn B gm hai kim loi v dung dch C. Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO 3 0,1M ho tan ht cht rn B, bit rng cc phn ng ch gii phng kh NO duy nht. Cu 25. Cho 2,04 gam hn hp A gm Fe v Mg vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO 4 , n khi phn ng kt thc thu c 2,76 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. Cho dung dch C tc dng vi xt d, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 1,8 gam cht rn D.Cht rn B cho tc dng vi Clo d, sau ly sn phm ho tan trong nc c dung dch E. in phn dung dch E vi in cc tr ti khi Ant thu c 504 ml kh ( ktc). 1. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A? 2. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch CuSO4 ? Cu 27. Cho 2,78 gam hn hp A gm Al v Fe dng bt vo 500 ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 4,32 gam cht rn B gm hai kim loi v dung dch C. 1. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A. 2.Cho 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M vo dung dch C. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, lc kt ta ra sch v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn D.Tnh khi lng ca cht rn D. Cu 28. Cho 15,28 gam hn hp A gm Cu v Fe vo 1,1 lt dung dch Fe 2(SO4)3 0,2M. Phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch X v 1,92 gam cht rn B. Cho B vo dung dch H2 SO4 long khng thy c kh bay ra. 1.Tnh khi lng ca Fe v Cu trong 15,28 gam hn hp A.
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2. Dung dch X phn ng vi 200ml dung dch KMnO 4 trong H2SO4. Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch KMnO4. Cu 29. Cho 1,58 gam hn hp dng bt gm Mg v Fe tc dng vi 125 ml dung dch CuCl 2. Khuy u hn hp, lc ra kt ta thu c dung dch B v 1,92 gam cht rn C. Thm vo B mt lng dung dch NaOH long, d, lc ra kt ta mi to thnh. Nung kt ta trong khng kh nhit cao, thu c 0,7 gam cht rn D gm 2 oxit kim loi. Tt c cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. 1. Vit phng trnh phn ng v gii thch. 2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong A v nng mol ca dung dch CuCl2. Cu 30. Cho 4,15 gam hn hp gm Fe v Al dng bt vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,525M. Khuy k hn hp cc phn ng ho hc xy ra hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c 7,84 gam cht rn A gm 2 kim loi v dung dch B. 1. ho tan hon ton cht rn A, cn dng t nht bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO 3 2M? Bit rng cc phn ng gii phng kh NO duy nht. 2. Thm dung dch hn hp C gm Ba(OH) 2 0,05M v NaOH 0,1M vo dung dch B. Hy tnh th tch dung dch C cn cho vo B lm kt ta hon ton cc ion kim loi c trong dung dch B di dng hiroxit. Sau phn ng, lc ly kt ta, ra sch v nung trong khng kh nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Tnh m? (H Hu 2001-2002) Cu 31. Hn hp A gm Mg v Fe . Cho 5,1 gam hn hp vo 250 ml dung dch CuSO 4. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, lc, thu c 6,9 gam cht rn B v dung dch C cha hai mui. Thm dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch C. Lc ly kt ta nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c 4,5 gam cht rn D. Tnh: 1. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca cc kim loi trong hn hp A. 2. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch CuSO4. 3. Th tch kh SO2 (ktc) thu c khi ho tan hon ton 6,9 gam cht rn B trong dung dch H 2SO4 c, nng. II.Trc nghim. Cu 1: Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, lc b dung dch thu c m gam cht rn. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp ban u l: A. 90,27%. B. 82,20%. C. 85,30%. D. 12,67%. Cu 2: Cho 8 gam hn hp A gm Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 n khi phn ng kt thc, thu c 12,4 gam cht rn B v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc v nung kt ta ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 8 gam hn hp gm 2 oxit. a. Khi lng Mg v Fe trong A ln lt l: A.4,8g v 3,2g. B.3,6g v 4,4g. C.2,4g v 5,6g. D. 1,2g v 6,8g. b. Nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4 l: A. 0,25M. B. 0,75M. C. 0,5M. D. 0,125M. c. Th tch NO (ktc) thot ra khi ha tan B trong dung dch HNO3 d l: A. 1,12 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,46 lt. D. 6,72 lt. Cu 3: Cho hn hp bt gm 0,48 gam Mg v 1,68 gam Fe vo dung dch CuCl2, ri khuy u n phn ng hon ton thu c 3,12 gam phn khng tan X. S mol CuCl2 tham gia phn ng l: A. 0,03. B. 0,05. C. 0,06. D. 0,04. Cu 4: Cho hn hp gm 2,7 gam Al v 2,8 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l: A. 43,2 B. 48.6 C. 32,4 D. 54,0. Cu 5: Cho hn hp bt gm 1,4 gam Fe v 0,24 gam Mg va 200 ml dung dch CuSO4, khuy u n phn ng hon ton thu c 2,2 gam cht rn X. Nng mol/l ca CuSO4 trong dung dch: A. 0,014M. B. 0,14M. C. 0,07M. D. 0,15M. Cu 6: Cho 17,8 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu vo 1 lt dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,25M. Phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch Y v 3,2 gam cht rn Z. Cho Z vo H2SO4 long khng thy kh bay ra. Khi lng Cu trong hn hp X l: A. 3,2g. B. 9,6g. C. 6,4g. D. 8g. Cu 7: Cho 9,7 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Zn vo 0,5 lt dung dch FeCl3 0,5M. Phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch Y v 1,6 gam cht rn Z. Cho Z vo dung dch H2SO4 long khng thy kh bay ra. Dung dch Y phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch KMnO4 aM trong H2SO4. Gi tr ca a l: A. 0,25. B. 0,125. C. 0,2. D. Kt qu khc. Cu 8: Cho 2,144 gam hn hp A gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi 0,2 lt dung dch AgNO3, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch B v 7,168 gam cht rn C. Cho B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
15

d, lc kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 2,56 gam cht rn. Nng dung dch AgNO3 l:A. 0,32M B. 0,2M. C. 0,16M. D. 0,42M. Cu 9: Cho hn hp A gm 16,8 gam Fe v 0,48 gam Mg vo 200 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 0,2M. Sau khi kt tthc th nghim thu c m gam cht rn. gi tr m l: A. 17,24 gam B. 18,24 gam. C. 12,36 gam. D. p n khc Cu 10: Hn hp M gm Mg v Fe . Cho 5,1 gam M vo 250ml dung dch CuSO 4 . Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu 6,9 gam rn N v dung dch P cha 2 mui. Thm NaOH d vo P,ly kt ta thu c nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c 4,5 gam cht rn E.Tnh a, Thnh phn % theo khi lng cc kim loi trong M . A. %Mg = 17,65.%Fe = 82,35. B.%Mg = 17,55 .%Fe = 82,45. C.%Mg = 18,65.%Fe = 81,35. D. Kt qu khc b, Nng mol/ lt ca dung dch CuSO4. A. 0,3M B. 0,4M C. 0,6 M D. 0,9 M Cu 11: Mt hn hp B cha: 2,376g Ag; 3,726g Pb v 0,306g Al vo dung dch Cu(NO 3)2. Sau phn ng kt thc thu c 6,046g cht rn D. Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong D. A. Ag= 39,3%, Cu = 26,42%, Pb= 34,24% B. Ag= 39%, Cu = 26 %, Pb= 35% C. Ag= 20%, Cu = 30%, Pb= 35%, Al =15% D. Kt qu khc Cu 12: Cho hn hp A gm 1,4 gam Fe v 0,24 gam Mg vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4.Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 2,2 gam cht rn. Nng CM ca dung dch CuSO4 l: A.0,25M B.0,32M C. 0,15M D. p n khc Cu 13: Cho 4,58 gam hn hp A gm Zn, Fe v Cu vo cc ng 85 ml dung dch CuSO 4 1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch B v kt ta C. Nung C trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 6 gam cht rn D. Thm dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch B, lc kt ta thu c, ra sch ri nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c 5,2 gam cht rn E. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A (theo th t Zn, Fe, Cu) l: A. 28,38%; 36,68% v 34,94% B. 14,19%; 24,45% v 61,36% C. 28,38%; 24,45% v 47,17% D. 42,58%; 36,68% v 20,74% Cu 14: Cho 1,36 gam bt Mg v Fe vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO 4. Sau phn ng thu dung dch X v 1,84 gam kim loi. Cho X tc dng vi mt lng dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta. Lc thu kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 1,2 gam cht rn. 1. Khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u l: A. 0,48 g v 0,88 g; B. 0,36 g v 1 g. C. 0,24 g v 1,12 g; D. 0,72 g v 0,64 g. 2. Nng mol/l ca dung dch CuSO4 l: A. 0,1M; B. 0,15M; C. 0,3 M; D. 0,2M Cu 15: Mt hn hp A gm bt hai kim loi: Mg v Al. Cho hn hp A vo dung dch CuSO 4 d, phn ng xong cho ton b lng cht rn to thnh tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thy sinh ra 0,56 lt kh NO duy nht. 1. Th tch kh N2 sinh ra khi cho hn hp A tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d l. A. 0,168 l B. 0,56 l C. 0,336 l D. 1,68 l 2. Nu khi lng ca hn hp l 0,765 g. Khi lng ca Mg trong hn hp trn l bao nhiu. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc th tch kh o (ktc). A. 0,36 g B. 0,405 g C. 0,24 g D. 0,525 g Cu 16: Cho 0,411 gam hn hp Fe v Al vo 250 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,12M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cht rn A nng 3,324g v dung dch nc lc. Cho dung dch nc lc tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th to kt tu trng dn dn ho nu khi ngoi khng kh. a) Cht rn A gm cc cht A. Ag B. Ag, Fe C. Ag, Fe, Al D. A, B u ng b) Tnh khi lng Fe trong hn hp ban u. A. 0,168 g B. 0,084 g C. 0,243 g D. 0, 0405 g Cu 17: Cho 0,01 mol Zn v 0,012 mol Fe dng bt vo 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5 M. Khuy k cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng mui trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng l: A. 4,310 g B. 4,050 g C. 4,422 g D. 4,794 g Cu 18: Hn hp A gm hai kim loi nhm v st, trong s mol nhm gp i s mol st. Ha tan 4,4 gam hn hp A vo 150 ml dung dch AgNO3 2 M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, cn li m gam cht rn khng tan. Tr s ca m l: A. 33,52 gam B. 32,94 gam C. 34,38 gam D. 32,96 gam Cu 19: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Cu vo dung dch AgNO3, sau khi kt thc phn ng, cn li hai kim loi. Dung dch thu c cha cht tan l: C. Fe(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 D. AgNO3 A. Fe(NO3)2 B. Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 Cu 20: (HA- 2008) : Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO 3 1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l (bit th t trong dy th in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag). A. 59,4. B. 64,8. C. 32,4. D. 54,0.
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Cu 21: (CA-2010): Cho 29,8 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo 600 ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 30,4 gam hn hp kim loi. Phn trm v khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l: A. 37,58%. B. 56,37%. C. 64,42%. D. 43,62%. Cu 22: (HA-2011): Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO 4. Sau mt thi gian, thu c dung dch Y v 2,84 gam cht rn Z. Cho ton b Z vo dung dch H 2SO4 (long, d), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc th khi lng cht rn gim 0,28 gam v dung dch thu c ch cha mt mui duy nht. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l: A. 58,52%. B. 51,85%. C. 48,15%. D. 41,48%. Cu 23:(HA-2010):Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung dch cha0,2 mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m l: A. 12,00. B. 12,80. C. 6,40. D. 16,53. Cu 24: (H A-2009): Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l: A. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3. B. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2. C. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2. DNG 4: NHIU KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA NHIU MUI .T lun. Cn nh: Ga s c hai kim loi X, Y cho vo dung dch cha 2 ion kim loi Zn+, Tm+ (X, Y ng trc Z, T). Gi s X > Y, Zn+ > Tm+, ta xt cc trng hp sau: Trng hp 1: Nu bit s mol ban u ca X, Y, Zn+, Tm+, ta ch cn tnh s mol theo th t phn ng. X + Tm+ ... X + Zn+ ... (nu d X, ht Tm+) Y + Tm+ ... (nu ht X, d Tm+) Trng hp 2: Nu khng bit s mol ban u, da trn s ion tn ti trong dung dch sau phn ng d on cht no ht, cht no cn. Nu dung dch cha ba ion kim loi (Xa+, Yb+, Zn+) Ht Tm+, ht X, Y (cn d Zc+), ... th ta s dng phng php tnh sau y: Tng s electron cho bi X, Y = tng s electron nhn bi Zn+, Tm+. V d : Cho hn hp (Y) gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200ml dung dch (C) cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch (D) v 8,12 gam cht rn (E) gm ba kim loi. Cho (E) tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, ta thu c 0,672 lt H2 (ktc). Tnh nng mol/l AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 trc khi phn ng. Hng dn gii: V phn ng gia Al v AgNO3 xy ra trc nn kim loi sau phn ng phi c Ag, k n l CuSO4 c phn ng to thnh Cu. Theo gi thit, c ba kim loi kim loi th ba l Fe cn d. Ta c: nFe = 2,8/5,6 = 0,05 (mol); nAl = 0,81/27 = 0,03 (mol) v nH2 = 0,672/22,4 = 0,03 (mol) Phn ng: Fed + 2HCl 2FeCl2 + H2 (mol) 0,03 0,03 S mol Fe phn ng vi mui: 0,05 - 0,03 = 0,02 (mol) Ta c phn ng sau (c th xy ra): Al + 3AgNO3 3Ag + Al(NO3)2 Al + 3Ag+ 3Ag + Al3+. 2Al + 3Cu(NO3)2 2Al(NO3)2 + Cu 2Al + 3Cu2+ 2Al3+ + 3Cu Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag Fe + Cu(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Cu Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu gii nhanh ta s dng nh lut bo ton e. Al Al3+ + 3e 0,03 0,09 (mol)
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Fe Fe2+ + 2e 0,02 0,04 (mol) + Ag + 1e Ag x x x (mol) 2+ Cu + 2e Cu y 2y y (mol) Tng s electron nhng = Tng s electron nhn x + 2y = 0,09 + 0,04 = 0,13 (1) 108x + 64y + 56 . 0,03 = 8,12 (2) Gii h phng trnh (1) v (2), ta c x = 0,03; y = 0,05. Vy: CM AgNO3 = 0,03 / 0,2 = 0,15M CM Cu(NO3)2 = 0,05/0,2 = 0,25M. p dng: Cu 1.Cho 0,3 mol Al v 0,6 mol Fe tc dng vi 2 lit dung dch gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 . Phn ng kt thc thu c 96 gam kim loi . Lng kim loi ny tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 0,25 mol H2 . Tnh nng mol/lit ca cc cht trong dung dch A Cu 2.Cho 3,76 gam hn hp Al, Ni trong Al chim 21,54% v khi lng ) tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch X cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 . Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton , thu c dung dch B v 8,21 gam hn hp 3 kim loi . Cho hn hp 3 kim loi ny tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy c 0,672 lit H2 (ktc) . Tnh nng mol/lit ca cc mui trong dung dch X ? Cu 3. Ly 3,61 gam hn hp bt Al v Fe c t l mol tng ng l 3/5 cho tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 , khuy k cho ti khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 8,12 gam cht rn gm 3 kim loi . Ha tan cht rn bng dung dch HCl d thu c 0,672 lit H2 (ktc). Tnh nng mol/lit ca cc mui trong dung dch ban u ? ( 0,3 ; 0,5) Cu 5. C 5,56 gam hn hp A gm Fe v 1 kim loi M (c ho tr khng i). Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau . Phn 1 ho tan ht trong dung dch HCl c 1,568 lt kh. Ho tan ht phn 2 trong dung dch HNO 3 long thu c 1,344 lt kh NO duy nht v khng to ra NH4NO3. 1.Xc nh kim loi M v thnh phn % khi lng mi kim loi trong A. 2. Cho 2,78 gam A tc dng vi 100ml dung dch B cha AgNO 3 v Cu(NO3)2 thu c dung dch E v 5,84 gam cht rn D gm 3 kim loi. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,448 lt Ho tan hon ton. Tnh nng mol cc mui trong B ( cc phn ng xy ra hon ton v th tch cc kh o ktc). H Nng.Nghip.2000-2001) Cu 6. Cho hn hp Y gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200 mililt dung dch C cha AgNO 3 v Cu(NO3)2. Khi phn ng kt thc, thu c dung dch D v 8,12 gam cht rn E gm 3 kim loi. Cho cht rn E tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 0,672 lt kh H2 (ktc). Tnh nng mol ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong dung dch C. Cu 7. Chia 1,5 gam hn hp bt Fe, Al, Cu thnh 2 phn bng nhau. a. Ly phn 1 ho tan bng dung dch HCl thy cn li 0,2 gam cht rn khng tan v c 448 ml kh bay ra (ktc). Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong mi phn. b. Ly phn th hai cho vo 400ml dung dch hn hp AgNO 3 0,08M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. Tnh khi lng cht rn A v nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch B. Cu 8. Cho hn hp Mg v Cu tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp hai mui AgNO 3 0,3M v Cu(NO3)2 0,25 M. Sau khi phn ng xong, c dung dch A v cht rn B. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i c 3,6 gam hn hp hai oxit. Ho tan hon ton B trong H2SO4 c, nng c 2,016 lt kh SO 2 ( ktc). Tnh khi lng Mg v Cu trong hn hp ban u. Cu 10. a. Cho 0,387 gam hn hp A gm Zn v Cu vo dung dch Ag 2SO4 c s mol l 0,005 mol, khuy u, ti phn ng hon ton thu c 1,144 gam cht rn. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi. b. Cho 9,16 gam bt A gm Zn, Fe, Cu vo cc ng 170 ml dung dch CuSO 4 1M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch B v kt ta C, nung C trong khng kh nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 12 gam cht rn. Thm dung dch NaOH vo 1/2 dung dch B, lc kt ta, ra v nung trong khng kh n nhit khng i thu c 5,2 gam cht rn D. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. Cu 11. Cho 2,144 gam hn hp A gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi 0,2 lt dung dch AgNO 3 cha bit nng , sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch B v 7,168 gam cht rn C. Cho dung dch B tc dng
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vi dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 2,56 gam cht rn. a. Tnh % khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp A. b. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch AgNO3 Cu 12. Cho 0,03 mol Al v 0,05 mol Fe tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch A cha Cu(NO 3)2 v AgNO3. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch A, v 8,12 gam cht rn B gm 3 kim loi. Cho cht B tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,672 lt H2. Cc th tch o (ktc). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh CM ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong dung dch A. Cu 13. Ly 2 thanh kim loi X, Y c cng khi lng v ng trc Pb trong dy hot ng ho hc. Nhng thanh X vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2 v thanh Y vo dung dch Pb(NO 3)2. Sau mt thi gian ly cc thanh kim loi ra khi dung dch v cn li thy thanh X gim 1% v thanh Y tng 152% so vi khi lng ban u. Bit s mol cc kim loi X, Y tham gia phn ng bng nhau v tt c Cu, Pb thot ra bm vo cc thanh X, Y. Mt khc ho tan 3,9 gam kim loi X cn dng V ml dung dch HCl thu c 1,344 lt H 2 (ktc), cn ho tan 4,26 gam oxit ca kim loi Y cng cn V ml dung dch HCl nh trn. Hy so snh ho tr ca cc kim loi X, Y. II.Trc nghim. Cu 1: Cho hn hp cha 0,05 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Al tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch Y gm AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 c cng nng mol. Sau phn ng thu c cht rn Z gm 3 kim loi. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0,035 mol kh. Nng mol ca mi mui trong Y l: A. 0,3M. B. 0,4M. C. 0,42M. D. 0,45M. Cu 2:Ho tan 5,64(g) Cu(NO3)2 v 1,7(g) AgNO3 vo H2O thu dung dch X. Cho 1,57(g) hn hp Y gm bt Zn v Al vo X ri khuy u. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu cht rn E v dung dch D ch cha 2 mui. Ngm E trong dung dch H2SO4(l) khng c kh gii phng. Tnh khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp Y. A. Zn: 0,65 g, Al:0,92 g B. Zn: 0,975 gam, Al: 0,595 gam C. Zn: 0,6 gam, Al: 0,97 gam D. p n khc Cu 3: Cho 0,03 mol Al v 0,05 mol Fe tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch X cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch Y v 8,12 gam cht rn Z gm 3 kim loi. Cho cht rn Z tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0,672 lt H2 (kc). Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh CM ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 trong dung dch X: A. 0,4M v 0,2M B. 0,5M v 0,3M C. 0,3M v 0,7M D. 0,4M v 0,6M Cu 4: Mt hn hp X gm Al v Fe c khi lng 8,3g. Cho X vo 1 lt dung dch A cha AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc c rn B v dung dch C mt mu hon ton. B hon ton khng tan trong dung dch HCl. a. Khi lng ca B l: A. 10,8 g B. 12,8 g C. 23,6 g D. 28,0 g b. %Al v %Fe trong hn hp l: A. 32,53% B. 48,8%. C. 67,47%. D. 51,2% c. Ly 8,3g hn hp X cho vo 1 lt dung dch Y cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 thu c cht rn D c khi lng l 23,6g v dung dch E (mu xanh nht). Thm NaOH d vo dung dch E c kt ta. em kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 24g cht rn F. Cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Nng mol ca AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch Y l: A. 0,1M; 0,2M B. 0,1M; 0,3M C. 0,2M; 0,1M D. 0,3M; 0,1M Cu 5: Chia 1,5g hn hp bt Fe, Al, Cu thnh hai phn bng nhau. a) Ly phn 1 ho tan bng dung dch HCl thy cn li 0,2g cht rn khng tan v c 448ml kh bay ra (ktc). Tnh khi lng Al trong mi phn . A. 0,27 g. B. 0,54 g. C. 0.1836 g. D. 0.135 g. b) Ly phn th hai cho vo 400ml dung dch hn hp AgNO 3 0,08M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. 1. Tnh khi lng cht rn A: A. 4.372 g. B. 4.352 g. C. 3.712 g. D. 3.912 g. 2. Tnh tng nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch B: A. 0.4375 M B. 0.5275 M. C. 0.0375 M. D. 0.464M. Cu 6: Mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi: A (ch c ho tr 2) v B (c 2 ho tr 2 v 3), c khi lng 18,4g. Khi cho X tc dng vi dung dch HCl th X tan ht cho ra 11,2 lt (ktc), cn nu X tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 c 8,96l NO (ktc) thot ra. a) Tm mt h thc gia khi lng nguyn t ca A, B: A. 3A + 2B = 18,4 B. 2A + 3B = 18,4 C. 0,2A + 0.3B = 18.4 D. 0.3A + 0,2B = 18.4 b) Bit B ch c th l Fe hoc Cr, vy kim loi A l: A. Mg. B. Zn. C. Ca. D. Pb.
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c) Ly 9,2g hn hp X vi thnh phn nh trn cho vo 1 lt dung dch Y cha AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,15M. Phn ng cho ra cht rn C v dung dch D. Thm NaOH d vo dung dch D c kt ta. em nung kt ta ny ngoi khng kh c cht rn E. 1. Tnh khi lng ca C: A. 23,2g. B. 32,2 g. C. 22,3 g. D. 3,22g. 2. Tnh khi lng ca E: A. 10 g. B. 9,6g. C. 14g. D. 13,2g. d) Ly 9,2g hn hp X cng vi thnh phn nh trn cho vo 1 lt dung dch Z cha AgNO3 ; Cu(NO3)2 (nng c th khc vi Y) th dung dch G thu c mt mu hon ton phn ng cho ra cht rn F c khi lng 20g. Thm NaOH d vo dung dch G c kt ta H gm 2 hiroxit, nung H trong khng kh n khi lng khng i cui cng thu c cht rn K c khi lng 8,4g. Nng mol ca AgNO 3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch Z theo th t trn khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton l: A. 0,06M v 0,15M. B. 0,15M v 0,06M. C. 0,112M v 0,124M. D. 0,124M v 0,112M. Cu 7: C 5,56 gam hn hp A gm Fe v mt kim loi M (c ha tr khng i). Chia A lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn I ha tan ht trong dung dch HCl c 1,568 lt hiro. Ha tan ht phn II trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,344 lt kh NO duy nht v khng to ra NH4NO3. 1. Xc nh kim loi M v thnh phn phn trm khi lng Fe trong A. A. Al, 80.58%. B. Al, 19.42% C. Mg, 71,76%. D. Mg, 28,24%. 2. Cho 2,78 gam A tc dng vi 100ml dung dch B cha AgNO 3 v Cu(NO3)2 thu c dung dch E v 5,84 gam cht rn D gm 3 kim loi. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,448 lt hiro. Nng mol cc mui trong B ln lt l. (cc phn ng xy ra hon ton v th tch cc kh o ktc). A.0.4M v 0.1M. B. 0.2M v 0.4M. C. 0.4M v 0.2M D.0.1M v 0.4M. Cu 8: Cho hn hp Mg v Cu tc dng vi 200ml dung dch cha hn hp hai mui AgNO3 0,3M v Cu(NO3)2 0,25M. Sau khi phn ng xong, c dung dch A v cht rn B. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i c 3,6 gam hn hp hai oxit. Ho tan hon ton B trong H2SO4 c, nng c 2,016 lt kh SO2 ( ktc). Khi lng Mg v Cu trong hn hp ban u ln lt l: A. 0.64g v 0.84g. B. 1.28g v 1.68g. C. 0.84g v 0.64g. D. 1.68g v 1.28g. Cu 9: Ho tan 5,64gam Cu(NO3)2 v 1,70 gam AgNO3 vo nc c 101,43 gam dung dch A. Cho 1,57 gam bt kim loi gm Zn v Al vo dung dch A ri khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c phn rn B v dung dch D ch cha hai mui. Ngm B trong dung dch H2SO4 long khng thy c kh thot ra. Nng phn trm ca mi mui c trong dung dch D l: A.2.1% v 3.73%. B.5.56% v 1.68%. C.2.13% v 3.78%. D. 5.64% v 1.7%. Cu 10: Cho 2.78 gam hn hp A gm Al v Fe theo t l mol 1:2 tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch B cha hn hp AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)3 thu c dung dch E v 5,84 gam cht rn D gm 3 kim loi. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0.448 lt H2 (ktc). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Nng mol cc mui trong B theo th t trn l: A. 0.2M v 0.4M. B. 0.3M v 0.4M. C. 0.3M v 0.2M. D. 2M v 4M. 2+ + Cu 11: Cho a mol Mg v b mol Zn vo dung dch cha c mol Cu v d mol Ag . Bit rng a < c + 0,5d. thu c dung dch cha 3 ion kim loi th iu kin ca b l: A. b> c- a B. b< c a C. b< c + 0,5d D. b< c- a + 0,5d Cu 12: Cho hn hp 2 kim loi Al v Fe vo dung dch gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 . Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi kt thc th nghim, lc b dung dch thu c cht rn gm 3 kim loi no sau y: A. Al, Cu, Ag B. Al, Fe, Ag C. Fe, Cu, Ag D. B, C u ng Cu 13: Cho cc kim loi Cu, Ag, Fe vo cc dung dch mui Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3 . Kim loi no sau y u tc dng vi c 3 dung dch mui trn: A. Fe B. Cu, Fe C. Cu D. Ag Cu 14: Cho hn hp dng bt hai kim loi Mg v Al vo dung dch c ha tan hai mui AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp hai kim loi v dung dch D. Nh vy: A. Hai mui AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 phn ng ht v hai kim loi Mg, Al cng phn ng ht. B. Hai kim loi Mg, Al phn ng ht, Cu(NO3)2 c phn ng, tng qut cn d Cu(NO3)2 C. Hai kim loi Mg, Al phn ng ht, tng qut c AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 d D. Mt trong hai kim loi phi l Ag, kim loi cn li l Cu hoc Al Cu 15:(H A-2009): Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1 mol Ag+ n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn? A. 1,5. B. 1,8. C. 2,0. D. 1,2. Cu 16:(HA-2012): Cho 2,8 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M; khi ccphn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn X. Gi tr ca m l: A. 4,72. B. 4,48. C. 3,20. D. 4,08.
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Cu 17:(HB-2012): Cho 0,42 gam hn hp bt Fe v Al vo 250 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,12M. Sau khi cc phnng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 3,333 gam cht rn. Khi lng Fe trong hn hp ban u l: A. 0,168 gam. B. 0,123 gam. C. 0,177 gam. D. 0,150 gam. Cu 18: (H A-2012): Cho hn hp gm Fe v Mg vo dung dch AgNO3, khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X (gm hai mui) v cht rn Y (gm hai kim loi). Hai mui trong X l: A. Mg(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3 v Mg(NO3)2. C. AgNO3 v Mg(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3.

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