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I. KIN THC CN NH
a. Mui nitrat ca kim loi trc Mg: To mui nitrit v O2:
2M(NO3)n tC 2M(NO2)n + nO2
V d:
2KNO3 tC 2KNO2 + O2
Ca(NO3)2 tC Ca(NO2)2 + O2
b. Mui nitrat ca kim loi t Mg n Cu: To oxit, NO2 v O2:
4M(NO3)n tC 4M(NO2)n +4nNO2 + 2O2
V d:
2Mg(NO3)2 tC 2MgO + 4NO2 + O2
4Fe(NO3)3 tC 2Fe2O3 + 12NO2 + 3O2.
Ch :
2Ba(NO3)2 tC 2BaO + 4NO2 + O2.
4Fe(NO3)2 tC 2Fe2O3 + 8NO2 + O2.
Mui nitrat ca kim loi sau Cu: To kim loi, NO2 v O2:
2M(NO3)3 tC 2M + 2n NO2 + nO2
V d:
2AgNO3 tC 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
Cc phng php thng dng khi gii nhit phn mui nitrat.
- p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
- p dng phng php tng gim khi lng
- Gii cu tp bng phng php t n, lp h phng trnh ri gii
- Bin lun.
II. BI TP P DNG
Cu 1: Nhit phn 6,58 gam mui Cu(NO3)2 thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v ton b kh thot ra c hp th
vo nc to ra 300 ml dung dch A. Tnh pH ca dung dch A.
Gii:
Phn ng nhit phn: 2Cu(NO3)2 tC 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
Phn ng hp nc: 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O tC 4HNO3
Cch 1: Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Cu(NO3)2 nhit phn v cha b nhit phn:
188(x + y) = 6,58 gam (1)
80x + 188y = 4,96 gam (2)
T (1, 2) ta c: x = 0,015 mol; y = 0,02 mol
Cch 2: Phng php tng gim khi lng
D dng c hiu s chnh lch khi lng trc v sau phn ng chnh l khi lng kh sinh ra do nhit
phn nn nu gi z l s mol NO2 sinh ra th:
0
z
z = 0,03 mol
4
%FeCO3 =
dA/kk =
II. CU TP T LUYN
T lun.
Cu 1: Nhit phn 16,2g AgNO3 mt thi gian thu c hn hp khi co tng hki lng 6,2gam. Tinh khi
lng Ag tao ra trong phan ng trn
S: 5,4g
Cu 2: Nhit phn 9,4 gam Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian thu c 7,24 g cht rn. Tinh hiu sut cua phan ng
nhit phn
S: 20%
Cu 3: Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Pb(NO3)2 v AgNO3 thu c 12,32 lt hn hp kh Y.
Sau khi lm lnh hn hp Y ho lng NO2 th cn li mt kh vi th tch l 3,36 lt. Tnh thnh phn %
khi lng cc mui c trong hn hp X. Bit th tch cc kh c o ktc.
Cu 4: Nhit phn 29,78g hn hp gm Al(NO3)3 v AgNO3 c 8,4 lt hn hp kh ktc v cht rn A.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b) Tnh phn trm cc cht trong hn hp u.
c) Nu cho cht rn trn tc dng vi HNO3 (l) th thu c bao nhiu lt kh NO(ktc)
Cu 5: Nung nng hon ton 37,6 gam mui nitrat ca kim loi M c ho tr khng i thu c 16 gam
cht rn l oxit kim loi v hn hp kh.
a) Xc nh cng thc ca mui nitrat.
b) Ly 12,8 gam kim loi M tc dng vi 100 ml hn hp HNO3 1M, HCl 2M, H2SO4 2M th thu c V lt
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc). Tnh V.
Cu 6: Nung nng hon ton 37,6 gam mui nitrat ca kim loi M c ho tr khng i thu c 16 gam
cht rn l oxit kim loi v hn hp kh.
a) Xc nh cng thc ca mui nitrat.
b) Ly 12,8 gam kim loi M tc dng vi 100 ml hn hp HNO3 1M, HCl 2M, H2SO4 2M th thu c V lt
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc). Tnh V.
Cu 7: Hn hp X gm: Cu(NO3)2; Mg(NO3)2; Fe(NO3)3 nng 100 gam. nhit phn hon ton X thu c
bao nhiu gam cht rn .Bit trong X, khi lng oxi chim 67,2%.
Cu 8: Nung nng 4,43 gam hn hp NaNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 n phn ng hon ton thu c kh A c t khi
so vi H2 bng 19,5.
a.Tnh th tch kh A (ktc).
b.Tnh khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
c.Cho kh A hp th vo 198,92 ml nc thu c dung dch B v cn li kh C bay ra. Tnh nng % ca
dung dch B v th tch kh C ktc.
Cu 9:Nung nng 302,5 gam mui Fe(NO3)3 mt thi gian ri ngng li v ngui. Cht rn X cn li c
khi lng l 221,5 gam.
a.Tnh khi lng mui phn hy.
b.Tnh th tch cc kh thot ra (ktc).
c.Tnh t l s mol ca mui v oxit c trong cht rn X.
Cu 10:Nung 27,25g hn hp 2 mui NaNO 3 v Cu(NO3)2 khan thu c mt hn hp kh A. Dn ton b
kh A vo 89,2ml nc th thy c 1,12 lt kh ktc khng b nc hp th.
a. Tnh %m mi mui.
b. Tnh CM v C% ca dung dch to thnh, coi th tch dung dch khng i v lng oxi tan trong nc l
khng ng k.
Trc nghim.
Cu 1: Nhit phn hon ton KNO3 thu c cc sn phm l:
A. KNO2, NO2, O2.
B. KNO2, NO2
C. KNO2, O2.
D. K2O, NO2, O2.
Cu 2: Nhit phn hon ton Cu(NO3)2 thu c cc sn phm l:
A. Cu(NO2)2, NO2.
B. Cu, NO2, O2.
C. CuO, NO2, O2.
D. CuO, NO2.
Cu 3: Nhit phn hon ton AgNO3 thu c cc sn phm l:
A. Ag2O, NO2, O2.
B. Ag, NO2.
C. Ag2O, NO2.
D. Ag, NO2, O2.
Cu 4: Nung 9,4 gam mt mui nitrat ca mt kim loi c ho tr bn cao nht n khi lng khng i
c 4 gam cht rn. Xc nh kim loi
A.Mg
B. Fe
C. Cu
D. Ag
Cu 5: Nhit phn hon ton R(NO3)2 thu c 8 gam oxit kim loi v 5,04 lt hn hp kh X. Khi lng
ca hn hp kh X l 10 gam. Cng thc ca mui X l:
A. Fe(NO3)2.
B. Mg(NO3)2.
C. Cu(NO3)2.
D. Zn(NO3)2 .
Cu 7: Nhit phn hon ton 18,8 gam mui nitrat ca kim loi M (ho tr II), thu c 8 gam oxit tng
ng. Kim loi M l: A. Mg.
B. Cu.
C. Zn.
D. Ca.
Cu 8: em nung nng m gam Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian ri dng li, lm ngui v em cn thy khi lng
gim 0,54 gam so vi ban u. Khi lng mui Cu(NO3)2 b nhit phn l:
A. 1,88 gam.
B. 9,4 gam.
C. 0,47 gam.
D. 0,94 gam.
Cu 9: Nung nng 27,3 gam hh X gm NaNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 c hh kh Y .Hp th Y vo H2O d c dd
Z v c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) khng b hp th thot ra .Tnh phn tm khi lng ca NaNO3 trong X(cc p
xy ra hon ton) ? A. 31,13%
B. 68,87%
C. 68,78%
D. p n khc
Cu 10: Hn hp X khi lng 21,52 gam gm kim loi ho tr 2 (khng phi l kim loi mnh) v mui
nitrat ca n . Nung X trong bnh kn n hon ton c cht rn Y. Bit Y p va ht vi 600ml dd H2SO4
0,2 M v Y cng p va ht c vi 380 ml dd HNO3 nng 1,333 M to NO. Xc nh kim loi
A. Cu
B. Pb
C. Mg
D. p n khc
Cu 11: Cho m gam bt Cu vo dd AgNO3 .Sau khi p xong thu c dd X v 49,6 gam cht rn Y.C cn
X ly cht rn thu c em nhit phn n hon ton thu c 16 g cht rn Z. Tnh m?
A. 18,4 g
B. 19,2 g
C. 24 g
D. p n khc
Cu 12: Nung 16,39 gam cht rn X gm KCl, KClO3, KNO3 n khi lng khng i c cht rn Y v
3,584 lt (ktc) kh Z.Cho Y vo dd AgNO3 d th c 20,09 gam kt ta. Tnh khi lng ca KClO3 trong
X?
A. 4,9 gam
B. 7,35 gam
C. 6,3 gam
D. p n khc
Cu 13.Nhit phn hon ton 9,4g mt mui nitrat kim loi thu c 4g mt cht rn. Cng thc mui
dng:
A. NH4NO3
B. HNO3
C. Cu(NO3)2
D. Fe(NO3)3
Cu 14.em nung mt khi lng Cu(NO3)2 sau mt thi gian dng li, lm ngui, ri cn thy khi lng
gim 0,54g. Vy khi lng mui Cu(NO3)2 b nhit phn l:
A. 0,5g.
B. 0,49g.
C. 9,4g
D. 0,94g
Cu 15. Nhit phn hon ton 4,7 gam mui nitrat ca kim loi M thu c 2 gam cht rn. Cng thc ca
mui l:
A. Pb(NO3)2.
B. Fe(NO3)2.
C. Cu(NO3)2.
D. AgNO3.
Cu 16.Phn hu hon ton 18,8g mui nitrat ca mt kim loi ho tr II, thu c 8g oxit ca kim loi
. Vy kim loi cha bit l:A. Mg
B. Zn
C. Cu
D. Sn
Cu 17.(HB-2011): Hn hp X gm Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Thnh phn % khi lng ca nit
trong X l 11,864%. C th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam hn hp ba kim loi t 14,16 gam X?
A. 10,56 gam
B. 7,68 gam
C. 3,36 gam
D. 6,72 gam
Cu 18.Nung m gam hn hp X gm Zn(NO 3)2 v NaNO3 nhit cao n phn ng hon ton thu c
8,96 lt hn hp kh Y (ktc). Cho kh hp th vo nc thu c 2 lt dung dch Z v cn li thot ra 3,36 lt
kh (ktc). Tnh pH ca dung dch Z. A.pH = 0
B. pH = 1
C. pH = 2
D. pH =3
Cu 19.Nung hon ton m gam Cu(NO3)2 thu c hn hp kh NO 2 v O2. Hp th hon ton lng kh
bng nc thu c 2 lt dung dch c pH = 1,0. Tnh m.
A.9,4 gam
B. 14,1 gam
C. 15,04 gam
D. 18,8 gam
Cu 21.Nhit phn hon ton R(NO3)2 thu c 8 gam oxit kim loi v 5,04 lt hn hp kh X (NO 2 v O2).
Khi lng ca hn hp kh X l 10 gam. Xc nh cng thc ca mui X.
A. Fe(NO3)2
B. Mg(NO3)2
Cu(NO3)2
D. Zn(NO3)2 .
Cu 22. em nhit phn hon ton a mol Fe(NO 3)2 thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H 2 bng T1.
Nhit phn hon ton a mol Fe(NO3)3 thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi H2 bng T2. Biu thc no
di y l ng :
A.T1 = 0,972T2
B.T1 = T2
C.T2 = 0,972T1
D.T2 = 1,08T1