CHNG XI: H THNG NG NG

TRONG IU HO KHNG KH
Trong cc k thut iu ho khng kh c s dng cc loi ng ng nc nh sau:
- ng ng nc gii nhit cho cc thit b ngng t;
- ng ng nc lnh lm lnh khng kh;
- ng ng nc nng v hi bo ho si m khng kh ma ng;
- ng ng nc ngng.
Mc ch ca vic tnh ton ng dn nc l xc nh kch thc hp l ca ng ng,
xc nh tng tn tht tr lc v chn bm. lm c iu cn phi bit trc lu
lng nc tun hon. Lu lng c xc nh t cc phng trnh trao i nhit.

10.1 H THNG NG NG DN NC
10.1.1 Vt liu ng ng
Ngi ta s dng nhiu loi vt liu khc nhau lm ng ng c th nh sau :
Bng 10.1. Vt liu ng dn nc
Chc nng
1. ng nc lnh chiller

Vt liu
- Thp en hoc thp trng km
- ng ng cng
2. ng nc gii nhit v - ng thp trng km
nc cp
- ng ng cng
3. ng nc ngng hoc - ng thp trng km
x cn
- ng ng cng
- ng PVC
4. Bo ho hoc nc - ng thp en
ngng bo ho
- ng ng cng
5. Nc nng
- ng thp en
- ng ng cng
Cc loi ng thp en thng c s dng dn nc c nhiu loi vi dy
mng khc nhau. Theo mc dy ngi ta chia ra lm nhiu mc khc nhau t Schedul 10
n Schedul 160. Trn bng 10.2 cc loi ng k hiu ST l ng c dy tiu chun, cc
ng XS l loi ng c chiu dy rt ln
Bng 10.2 : c tnh ca ng ng thp
ng knh danh
ngha
in
mm
6,35
1/4
6,35
1/4
9,525
3/8
9,525
3/8
12,7
1/2

ng knh
trong
mm
9,245
7,67
12,52
10,74
15,798

ng knh
ngoi
mm
13,716
13,716
17,145
17,145
21,336
225

p sut lm
vic
at
13
61
14
58
15

Loi
40ST
80XS
40ST
80XS
40ST

1/2
3/4
3/4
1
1
1.1/4
1.1/4
1.1/2
1.1/2
2
2
2.1/2
2.1/2
3
3
4
4
6
6
8
8
8
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
14
14
14
14

12,7
19,05
19,05
25,4
25,4
31,75
31,75
38,1
38,1
50,8
50,8
63,5
63,5
76,2
76,2
101,6
101,6
152,4
152,4
203,2
203,2
203,2
254
254
254
304,8
304,8
304,8
304,8
355,6
355,6
355,6
355,6

21,336
26,67
26,67
28,83
28,83
42,164
42,164
48,26
48,26
60,325
60,325
73,025
73,025
88,9
88,9
114,3
114,3
168,275
168,275
219,07
219,07
219,07
273,05
273,05
273,05
323,85
323,85
323,85
323,85
355,6
355,6
355,6
355,6

13,868
20,93
18,46
26,64
24,3
35,05
32,46
40,98
38,1
52,5
49,25
62,71
59
77,927
73,66
102,26
97,18
154,05
146,33
205
202,171
193,675
257,45
254,5
247,65
307,08
303,225
298,45
288,95
336,55
333,4
330,2
317,5

53
15
48
16
45
16
42
16
40
16
39
37
59
34
54
30
49
49
85
37
45
78
34
43
62
32
41
53
76
34
41
48
76

80XS
40ST
80XS
40ST
80XS
40ST
80XS
40ST
80XS
40ST
80XS
40 ST
80XS
40ST
80XS
40ST
80XS
40ST
80XS
30
40ST
80XS
30
40ST
80XS
30ST
40
XS
80
30 ST
40
XS
80

ng ng ng c chia ra cc loi K, L, M v DWV. Loi K c b dy ln nht, loi

DWV l mng nht. Thc t hay s dng loi L. Bng 10.3 trnh by cc c tnh k thut ca
mt s loi ng ng khc nhau.

Bng 10.3 : c tnh ca ng ng ng

ng knh danh ngha
in
mm
31,75
1.1/4
38,1
1.1/2
50,8
2
76,2
3
101,6
4
127
5

Loi

ng knh
trong, mm
32,89
39,14
51,84
77,089
101,828
126,517

DWV
DWV
DWV
DWV
DWV
DWV
226

ng knh
ngoi, mm
34,925
41,275
53,975
79,375
104,775
130,185

152,4
203,2
203,2
203,2
203,2
254
254
254
304,8
304,8
304,8

6
8
8
8
8
10
10
10
12
12
12

151,358
192,6
196,215
197,74
200,83
240
244,475
246,4
287,4
293,75
295,07

DWV
K
L
M
DWV
K
L
M
K
L
M

155,57
206,375
206,375
206,375
206,375
257,175
257,175
257,175
307,975
307,975
307,975

10.1.2. S gin n v nhit ca cc loi ng ng

Trong qu trnh lm vic nhit ca nc lun thay i trong mt khon tng i rng,
nn cn lu ti s gin n v nhit ca ng ng c cc bin php ngn nga thch hp.
Trn bng 10.4 l mc gin n ca ng ng ng v ng thp, so vi trng thi
0oC. Mc gin n hu nh t l thun vi khong thay i nhit . b gin n trong
k thut iu ho ngi ta s dng cc on ng ch U, ch Z v ch L.
Bng 10.4 : Mc gin n ng ng
Khong nhit
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70

Mc gin n, mm/m
ng ng
ng thp
0
0
0,111
0,168
0,223
0,336
0,336
0,504
0,459
0,672
0,572
0,840
0,684
1,080
0,805
1,187

Ngoi phng php s dng cc on ng nu trn , trong thc t b gin n ngi

ta cn s dng cc ron gin n, dng ng mm cao su nu nhit cho php.

10.1.3. Gi ng ng
treo ng ng ngi ta thng s dng cc loi st ch L hoc st U lm gi
. Cc gi phi m bo chc chn, d lp t ng ng v c khu hp l. Khi khu
nh th s lng gi tng, chi ph tng. Nu khu ln ng ng s vng, khng m
bo chc chn. V th ngi ta qui nh khong cch gia cc gi . Khong cch ny ph
thuc vo kch thc ng ng, ng ng cng ln khong cch cho php cng ln.
Bng 10.5 : Khu hp l ca gi ng thp
ng knh danh ngha
ca ng , mm
T 19,05 31,75
38,1 63,5

Khu
m
2,438
3,048
227

76,2 88,9
101,6 152,4
203,2 n 304,8
355,6 n 609,6

3,657
4,267
4,877
6,096

Bng 10.6 : Khu hp l ca gi ng ng

ng knh danh ngha
ca ng , mm
15,875
22,225 28,575
34,925 53,975
66,675 130,175
155,575 206,375

Khu
m
1,829
2,438
3,048
3,657
4,267

10.2 TNH TON NG NG DN NC V CHN

BM
10.2.1 Lu lng nc yu cu
Lu lng nc yu cu c xc nh tu thuc trng hp c th
- Nu nc s dng gii nhit bnh ngng my iu ho:
Qk
Gn =
C p .t K
- Lu lng nc lnh
QO
G nl =
C p .t O
- Lu lng nc nng
QSI
G nn =
Cp .t nn

(10-1)

(10-2)

(10-3)

trong :
Qk, Qo v QSI - Cng sut nhit bnh ngng, cng sut lnh bnh bay hi v cng sut
b gia nhit khng kh, kW;
tn, tnl, tnn - chnh nhit nc vo ra bnh ngng, bnh bay hi v b sy. Thng
t 3 5 oC;
Cp - Nhit dung ring ca nc, Cp 4186 J/kg.K.
Dc theo tuyn ng lu lng thay i v vy cn phi thay i tit din ng ng mt
cch tng ng.

10.2.2 Chn tc nc trn ng ng

Tc ca nc chuyn ng trn ng ng ph thuc 2 yu t
- n do nc gy ra. Khi tc cao n ln , khi tc nh kch thc ng ng ln
nn chi ph tng
- Hin tng n mn : Trong nc c ln cn bn nh ct v cc vt khc , khi tc cao kh
nng m mn rt ln

228

Bng 10.7 : Tc nc trn ng ng

Trng hp
- u y ca bm
- u ht ca bm
- ng x
- ng gp
- ng hng ln
- Cc trng hp thng thng
- Nc thnh ph

Tc ca nc
2,4 3,6
1,2 2,1
1,2 2,1
1,2 4,5
0,9 3,0
1,5 3
0,9 2,1

10.2.3. Xc nh ng knh ng dn
Trn c s lu lng v tc trn tng on ng tin hnh xc nh ng knh
trong ca ng nh sau :
d=

4.V
,m
.

(10-4)

trong :
V- Lu lng th tch nc chuyn ng qua on ng ang tnh, m3/s
V = L/
L - Lu lng khi lng nc chuyn ng qua ng, kg/s
- Khi lng ring ca nc, kg/m3
- Tc nc chuyn ng trn ng, c la chn theo bng 10.7, m/s

10.2.4. Xc nh tn tht p sut

C 2 cch xc nh tn tht p lc trn ng ng
- Phng php xc nh theo cng thc
- Xc nh theo th

10.2.4.1 Xc nh tn tht p sut theo cng thc

Tn tht p lc c xc nh theo cng thc
p = pms + pcb
trong :
p cb = .

l . 2
. 2
= . t .
2
d
2

l . 2
p ms = . .
d 2

(10-5)

(10-6)

(10-7)

* H s tr lc ma st
- Khi chy tng Re = d/ < 2.103 , ta c:
64
Re
4
- Khi chy ri Re > 10 , ta c:
=

(10-8)

229

1
(1,82. log Re 1,64) 2
* H s ma st cc b ly theo bng 10.:.
=

(10-9)

Bng 10.8 : H s ma st
H s
0,5
23
0,35
0,75
0,45
0,4
1,5
0,1
0,25
0,04
0,20
0,90
4,5
24,0
6,4
9,5

V tr
- T bnh vo ng
- Qua van
- Ct 45o tiu chun
- Ct 90o tiu chun
- Ct 90o bn knh cong ln
- Ch T, nhnh chnh
- Ch T, Nhnh ph
- Qua ng tht
- Qua ng m
- Khp ni
- Van cng m 100%
m 75%
m 50%
m 25%
- Van cu c m 100%
m 50%

i vi on ng m rng t ngt, h s tn tht cc b c th tnh theo cng thc sau :

A1 2
)
A2
trong : A1, A2 - ln lt l tit din u vo v u ra ca ng
= (1

(10-10)

Trng hp ng ng thu hp t ngt th h s tr lc ma st c th tra theo bng 10.9. Cn

lu l tc dng tnh tn tht trong trng hp ny l on ng c ng knh nh.
Bng 10.9 : H s ma st on ng t m
T s A2/A1
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0

H s
0,37
0,35
0,32
0,27
0,22
0,17
0,10
0,06
0,02
0

* Xc nh tr lc cc b bng di tng ng
xc nh tr lc cc b ngoi cch xc nh nh h s tr lc cc b , ngi ta cn c
cch qui i ra tn tht ma st tng ng v ng vi n l chiu di tng ng.
230

Di y l chiu di tng ng ca mt s thit b ng ng nc.

Bng 10. 10 : Chiu di tng ng ca cc loi van (mt ng ng)
ng
knh
in
3/8
1/2
3/4
1
11/4
11/2
2
21/2
3
31/2
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24

Van cu

Van
60o Y

Van 45o
Y

Van
gc

Van
ca

5,180
5,486
6,705
8,839
11,582
13,106
16,764
21,031
25,603
30,480
36,576
42,672
51,816
67,056
85,344
97,536
109,728
124,968
140,208
158,496
185,928

2,438
2,743
3,353
4,572
6,096
7,315
9,144
10,668
13,106
15,240
17,678
21,641
26,882
35,052
44,196
50,292
56,388
61,010
73,152
83,820
97,536

1,829
2,134
2,743
3,657
4,572
5,486
7,315
8,839
10,668
12,496
14,325
17,678
21,336
25,910
32,000
39,624
47,240
54,864
60,960
71,628
80,772

1,829
2,134
2,743
3,657
4,572
5,486
7,315
8,839
10,668
12,496
14,325
17,678
21,336
25,910
32,000
39,624
47,240
54,864
60,960
71,628
80,772

0,183
0,213
0,274
0,305
0,457
0,548
0,701
0,853
0,975
1,219
1,372
1,829
2,134
2,743
3,657
3,692
4,572
5,182
5,791
6,705
7,620

Van 1
chiu
lt
1,524
1,829
2,438
3,048
4,267
4,877
6,096
7,620
9,144
10,668
12,192
15,240
18,288
24,384
30,480
36,576
41,148
45,720
50,292
60,960
73,152

Lc Y Lc Y
ren
mt
bch
0,914
1,219
1,524
2,743
3,048
8,229 4,267
8,534 6,096
12,800 12,192
14,630
18,288
23,380
33,528
45,720
57,192
76,200
-

Van 1
chiu
nng
Van 1
chiu
dng
cu
ging
van
cu
Van 1
chiu
dng
gc
ging
van
gc

Bng 10. 11 : Chiu di tng ng ca T, ct

ng
knh
in

Ct
90o
chun

Ct
90o
di

3/8
1/2
3/4
1
11/4
11/2
2
21/2
3
31/2
4
5
6
8

0,427
0,487
0,609
0,792
1,006
1,219
1,524
1,829
2,286
2,743
3,048
3,692
4,877
6,096

0,274
0,305
0,427
0,518
0,701
0,792
1,006
1,249
1,524
1,798
2,042
2,500
3,050
3,692

Ct
90o
ren
trong
ren
ngoi
0,701
0,762
0,975
1,250
1,707
1,920
2,500
3,048
3,657
4,572
5,182
6,400
7,620
-

Ct
45o
chun

0,213
0,244
0,274
0,396
0,518
0,640
0,792
0,975
1,220
1,432
1,585
1,981
2,408
3,048

Ct
45o
ren
trong
ren
ngoi
0,335
0,396
0,487
0,640
0,914
1,036
1,371
1,585
1,951
2,225
2,591
3,353
3,962

231

Ct
180o
chun

n
g
nhnh

0,701 0,823
0,762 0,914
0,975 1,220
1,250 1,524
1,707 2,133
1,920 2,438
2,500 3,048
3,048 3,657
3,657 4,572
4,572 5,486
5,182 6,400
6,400 7,620
7,620 9,144
10,060 12,190

T
ng chnh
d gim d gim
d
50%
khng 25%
i
0,274
0,305
0,427
0,518
0,701
0,792
1,006
1,249
1,524
1,798
2,042
2,500
3,050
3,692

0,366
0,427
0,579
0,701
0,945
1,128
1,432
1,707
2,133
2,438
2,743
3,657
4,267
5,486

0,427
0,487
0,609
0,792
1,006
1,219
1,524
1,829
2,286
2,743
3,048
3,692
4,877
6,096

10
12
14
16
18
20
24

7,620 4,877
9,1144 5,791
10,363 7,010
11,582 7,925
12,800 8,839
15,240 10,058
18,288 12,192

12,800
15,240
16,760
18,897
21,336
24,690
28,650

3,962
4,877
5,486
6,096
7,010
7,925
9,144

15,240 4,877 7,010

18,288 5,791 7,925
20,726 7,010 9,144
23,774 7,925 10,670
25,910 8,839 12,192
30,480 10,058 13,411
35,050 12,192 15,240

7,620
9,1144
10,363
11,582
12,800
15,240
18,288

Bng 10. 12 : Chiu di tng ng ca mt s trng hp c bit

ng knh
t m, d/D
t thu, d/D
ng ng ni vo thng
in
mm
1/4
1/2
3/4
1/4
1/2
3/4
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
3/8 9,525 0,427 0,244 0,092 0,213 0,152 0,0914 0,457 0,244 0,457 0,335
12,7 0,548 0,335 0,122 0,274 0,213 0,122 0,548 0,305 0,548 0,457
1 /2
3 /4 19,05 0,762 0,457 0,152 0,366 0,305 0,152 0,853 0,427 0,853 0,67
25,4 0,975 0,609 0,213 0,487 0,366 0,213 1,127 0,548 1,127 0,823
1
1.1/4 31,75 1,432 0,914 0,305 0,701 0,548 0,305 1,615 0,792 1,615 1,28
1.1/2 38,1 1,768 1,097 0,366 0,884 0,67 0,366 2,012 1,006 2,012 1,524
50,8 2,438 1,463 0,488 1,22 0,914 0,488 2,743 1,341 2,743 2,073
2
2.1/2 63,5 3,05 1,859 0,609 1,524 1,158 0,609 3,657 1,707 3,657 2,651
76,2 3,962 2,438 0,792 1,981 1,493 0,792 4,267 2,194 4,267 3,353
3
3.1/2 88,9 4,572 2,804 0,914 2,347 1,829 0,914 5,181 2,59 5,181 3,962
101,6 5,181 3,353 1,158 2,743 2,072 1,158 6,096 3,048 6,096 4,877
4
127 7,315 4,572 1,524 3,657 2,743 1,524 8,23 4,267 8,23 6,096
5
152,4 8,839 6,705 1,829 4,572 3,353 1,829 10,058 5,791 10,058 7,62
6
4,572 2,591 14,325 7,315 14,325 10,688
7,62 2,591
203,2
8
6,096 3,353 18,288 8,839 18,288 14,02
9,753 3,353
254
10
7,62 3,962 22,25 11,28 22,25 17,37
- 12,496 3,962
304,8
12
4,877 26,21 13,716 26,21 20,117
4,877
355,6
14
5,486 29,26 15,24 29,26 23,47
5,486
406,4
16
6,096 35,05 17,678 35,05 27,43
6,096
457,2
18
43,28 21,336 43,28 32,918
508
20
49,68 25,298 49,68 39,624
609,6
24
Cc trng hp ng ng ni vo thng :
(1) - Nc chuyn ng t ng vo thng v ng ng ni bng mt vi cnh thng.
(2) - Nc chuyn ng t thng ra ng ng v ng ng ni bng mt vi cnh thng.
(3)- Nc chuyn ng t ng vo thng v ng ng ni nh ln khi cnh thng.
(4) - Nc chuyn ng t thng ra ng ng v ng ng ni nh ln khi cnh thng.

10.2.4.2 Xc nh tn tht p sut theo th

Ngoi cch xc nh theo cng thc, trn thc t ngi ta hay s dng phng php th.
Cc th thng xy dng tn tht p sut cho 1m chiu di ng ng. Khi bit 2 trong ba
thng s : Lu lng nc tun hon (L/s), ng knh ng (mm) v tc chuyn ng
(m/s). Thng thng chng ta bit trc lu lng v chn tc s xc nh c kch
thc ng v tn tht p sut cho 1m ng.

232

Hnh 10.1 : Tn tht p sut (Pa/m) trn ng dn thp en Schedul 40

233

Hnh 10.2 : Tn tht p sut (Pa/m) trong ng dn nc bng ng

234

Hnh 10.3 : Tn tht p sut (Pa/m) trong cc ng dn nc bng plastic

235

Trn hnh 10.2 biu din th xc nh tn tht p sut (Pa/m) trong cc ng dn ng

loai K, L, M
Hnh 10.3 trnh by th xc nh tn tht p sut trong cc ng dn plastic. Khi xy
dng th ngi ta ly nhit nc l 20oC.
V d 1 : Xc nh tn tht p sut trn mt tuyn ng thp 100mm trc u y bm,
bit chiu di tng l 50m, 01 van ca v c 6 ct 90o
- Chiu di tng ng ca 6 ct 90o
lt1 = 6 x 3,048m = 18,28 m
- Chiu di tng ng ca van chn
lt2 = 1,362 m
- Tng chiu di tng ng
Lt = 50 + 18,28 + 1,372 = 69,652 m
- i vi on ng trc u y ca bm , theo bng tc nm trong khong 2,4
3,6 m/s. Chn = 3 m/s.
- Cn c vo th hnh 10.1 , xc nh c L= 25 Li/s v p = 800 Pa/m
- Tng tn tht trn ton tuyn
p = 69,652 x 800 = 55.722 Pa = 0,557 bar

10.3 THP GII NHIT V BNH GIN N

10.3.1 Thp gii nhit
Trong h thng iu ho khng kh gii nhit bng nc bt buc phi s dng thp
gii nhit. Thp gii nhit c s dng gii nhit nc lm mt bnh ngng trong h
thng lnh my iu ho khng kh.
Trn hnh 10-4 trnh by cu to ca mt thp gii nhit

Hnh 10.4 : Thp gii nhit RINKI (Hng Kng)

Cu to ca thp gii nhit gm: Thn v y thp bng nha composit. Bn trong c cc
khi si nha c tc dng lm ti nc, tng b mt tip xc, thng c 02 khi. Ngoi ra bn
trong cn c h thng ng phun nc, qut hng trc. H thng ng phun nuc quay xung
quanh trc khi c nc phun. M t qut t trn nh thp. Xung quanh phn thn cn c
cc tm li , c th d dng tho ra v sinh y thp, cho php quan st tnh hnh nc
236

trong thp nhng vn ngn cn rc c th ri vo bn trong thp. Thn thp c lp t mt

vi tm ring bit, cc v tr lp to thnh gn tng sc bn cho thn thp.
Phn di y thp c cc ng nc sau : ng nc vo, ng nc ra, ng x cn, ng cp
nc b sung v ng x trn.
Khi chn thp gii nhit ngi ta cn c vo cng sut gii nhit. Cng sut c cn
c vo m hiu ca thp. V d thp FRK-80 c cng sut gii nhit 80 Ton
Bng 7-3 di y trnh by cc c tnh k thut ca thp gii nhit RINKI. Theo bng
ta c th xc nh c lu lng nc yu cu, cc thng s v cu trc v khi lng ca
thp. T lu lng ca thp c th xc nh c cng sut gii nhit ca thp
Q = G.Cn.tn
G- Lu lng nc ca thp, kg/s
Cn- Nhit dung ring ca nc : Cn = 1 kCal/kg.
tn - chnh lch nhit nc vo ra thp tn = 4oC

237

Bng 10.13: Bng c tnh k thut ca thp gii nhit RINKI

MODEL
FRK-8
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
1000

LL
(L/s)
1,63
2,17
3,25
4,4
5,4
6,5
8,67
10,1
13,0
17,4
19,5
21,7
27,1
32,4
38,0
43,4
48,5
54,2
65
76
86,7
109
130
152
174
217

m
170
170
170
170
180
180
200
200
270
270
270
270
270
270
350
350
350
590
680
680
720
720
840
840
940
940

Kch thc
h
H
950 1600
1085 1735
990 665
1170 1845
1130 1932
1230 2032
1230 2052
1200 2067
1410 2417
1480 2487
1480 2487
1695 2875
1740 3030
1740 3030
1740 3100
1840 3200
1840 3200
1960 3760
1960 3860
2000 4160
2100 4300
2125 4650
2450 5360
2450 5360
3270 6280
3270 6280

D
930
930
1170
1170
1400
1400
1580
1910
1910
2230
2230
2470
2900
2900
3400
3400
3400
4030
4030
4760
4760
5600
6600
6600
7600
7600

Vo
40
40
50
50
80
80
80
80
100
100
100
125
125
150
150
150
150
200
200
200
200
250
250
250
250
250

Ra
40
40
50
50
80
80
80
80
100
100
100
125
125
150
150
150
150
200
200
200
200
250
250
250
250
250

ng ng
X trn X y B sung
25
15
25
15
25
15
25
15
25
15
25
15
25
15
25
15
25
20
25
20
25
20
50
20
50
20
50
20
50
25
25
50
25
25
50
25
25
80
32
32
80
32
32
80
32
32
80
32
32
100
50
50
100
50
50
100
50
50
100
80
80
100
80
80

238

Qut
m3/ph mm
70
530
85
630
140
630
170
760
200
760
230
760
290
940
330
940
420
1200
450
1200
620
1200
680
1500
830
1500
950
1500
1150
1960
1250
1960
1350
1960
1750
2400
2200
2400
2200
2400
2600
3000
2600
3000
3750
3400
3750
3400
5000
3700
5400
3700

kW
0,20
0,20
0,37
0,37
0,75
0,75
1,50
1,50
1,50
1,50
2,25
2,25
2,25
2,25
3,75
3,75
3,75
5,50
7,50
7,50
11,0
11,0
15,0
15,0
22,0
22,0

Khi lng
Tinh
C nc
54
185
58
195
70
295
80
305
108
400
114
420
155
500
230
800
285
1100
340
1250
355
1265
510
1850
610
2050
680
2120
760
2600
780
2750
795
2765
1420
2950
1510
3200
1810
3790
2100
4080
2880
7380
3750
9500
3850
9600
5980
14650
6120
14790

n
dB
46,0
50,0
50,5
54,0
55,0
56,0
57,0
57,5
57,0
58,0
59,5
61,0
60,5
61,0
61,5
62,5
62,5
56,5
57,5
61,0
61,0
62,5
66,0
66,0
74,0
74,0

10.3.2 Bnh (thng) gin n

Trong cc h thng ng dn nc kn thng c trang b bnh gin n. Mc ch ca
bnh gin n l to nn mt th tch d tr nhm iu ho nhng nh hng do gin n nhit
ca nc trn ton h thng gy ra, ngoi ra bnh cn c chc nng b sung nc cho h
thng trong trng hp cn thit.
C 2 loi bnh gin n : Loi h v loi kn.
Bnh gin n kiu h l bnh m mt thong tip xc vi kh tri trn pha u ht
ca bm v v tr cao nht ca h thng.
cao ca bnh gin n phi m bo to ra ct p thu tnh ln hn tn tht thu lc t
v tr ni thng bnh gin n ti u ht ca bm.

B
THUNG GIAN N

2
C

B M
1

Hnh 10.5 : Lp t thng gin n

Trn hnh 10.5 , ct p thu tnh on AB phi m bo ln hn tr lc ca on AC,
nu khng nc v trn ng (1) khng tr v u ht ca bm m b y vo thng gin n
lm trn nc. Khi lp thm trn ng ht ca bm cc thit b ph, v d nh lc nc th
cn phi tng cao on AB.
tnh ton th tch bnh gin n chng ta cn c vo dung tch nc ca h thng v
mc tng th tch ca nc theo nhit cho bng 10.14.
Bng 10.14 : Gin n th tch nc theo nhit
t, oC
% Th tch
t, oC
% Th tch

5
0,02
55
1,33

10
0,11
60
1,54

15
0,19
65
1,76

20
0,28
70
2,11

25
0,37
75
2,49

30
0,46
80
2,85

35
0,55
85
3,10

40
0,69
90
3,35

45
0,90
95
3,64

50
1,11
100
4,00

Bnh gin n kiu kn c s dng trong h thng nc nng v nhit cao. Bnh
gin n kiu kn khng m ra kh quyn v vn hnh p sut kh quyn. Bnh cn trang b
van x kh. Bnh gin n kiu kn c lp t trn ng ht ca bm, cho php khi vn
hnh p sut ht ca bm gn nh khng i.
Trong h thng iu ho chng ta t gp bnh gin n kiu kn.

239

10.4 LP T H THNG NG NG NC
Khi lp t h thng ng ng nc cn lu b tr sao cho tr lc trn cc nhnh
ng u nhau, mun vy cn b tr sao cho tng chiu di cc nhnh u nhau.
Trn hnh 10.6 trnh by s ng dn nc lnh cung cp cho cc FCU v AHU.
hnh 10.6a , ta thy chiu di ca cc nhnh ABGHA, ABCFGHA v ABCDEFGHA l
khng u nhau , do tr lc ca cc nhnh khng u nhau. S ny gi l s ng
quay v trc tip. y l s n gin, d lp t v tng chiu di ng ng nh. Tuy
nhin do tr lc khng u nn cn lp t cc van iu chnh iu chnh lng nc cp
cho cc nhnh u nhau.
hnh 10.6b l s ng quay v khng trc tip , trong trng hp ny chiu di
ng i ca cc nhnh n cc FCU v AHU u nhau. Cc FCU (AHU) c ng cp nc
di th ng hi nc ngn v ngc li.
Cn lu khi tr lc ca cc FCU u nhau th nn s dng s khng trc tip.
Nu cc FCU c tr lc khc nhau th v mt kinh t nn chn s loi trc tip , lc cn
s dng cc bin php khc hiu chnh cn thit. Mt trong nhng bin php m ngi ta
hay p dng l s dng van cu trn ng ht.

Hnh 10.6 : Cc loi s b tr ng ng

Trn hnh 10.7 trnh by hai trng hp lp t ng ng theo s khng trc tip ,
phng n thng c p dng cho h thng kn.
Hnh 10.7a trnh by minh ha ng vi trng hp cc FCU b tr vi cao khc
nhau v trn hnh 10.7b l trng hp cc FCU b tr trn cng mt cao. Trong trng
hp ny ngoi vic cn ch b tr ng ng i v v cho cc nhnh u nhau, ngi thit
k cn lu ti ct p tnh do ct nc to nn. Theo cch b tr nh trn qung ng i
cho tt c cc FCU gn nh nhau v ct p tnh u nhau, do m bo phn b nc n
cc nhnh u nhau.

240

Hnh 10.7 : Cch b tr ng ng cp nc FCU

***

241