CHUYN :

KIM LOI TC DNG VI NC

Bao gm 5 kim loi kim(Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs) v 3 kim loi kim th (Ca,Ba,Sr) tc dng c vi nc. Nn: + Khi cc kim loi ny tc dng vi dd mui hay vi dd kim th ban u tc dng vi nc trc sau tc dng vi mui sau. + Khi c 2 kim loi tan c trong nc th c 2 l 1 hay 2 loi kim loi trn hoc l 1 kim loi tan c trong nc v 1 kim loi tan c trong dd kim(nh Al, Zn, Be). + Cn khi kim loi kim tan vo dd axit th tc dng vi axit trc, sau tc dng vi nc (nu d) I.T lun. Bi 1: Cho 0,297 g hp kim Na Ba tc dng ht vi nc, ta c dung dch X v kh Y, trung ha dung dch X cn 50 ml dung dch HCl 0,1 M. a.Tnh %(m) mi kim loi trong hp kim. b.Tnh s cm3 oxi (ktc) cn t chy kh Y. Bi 2: Khi cho 1 ming hp kim Na v K tc dng ht vi nc, ngi ta ta thu c 2 lit hidro ( 00C ; 1,12 atm) v dung dch D. em trung ho dung dch D bng dung dch HCl 0,5M, sau c cn dung dch th thu c 13,3 g hn hp mui khan. a.Tnh %(m) mi kim loi trong hp kim. b.Tnh s ml dung dch HCl cn thit trung ho dung dch D. Bi 3: Mt mu natri c ln oxit natri v tp cht. Ly 0,06 g mu ny ho tan trong nc, tt c kh bay ra c cho vo bnh kn( khng cha oxi) c dung tch 0,0231 lit 27,3 0C th thy p sut trong bnh l 0,8 atm. Dung dch thu c em pha long vi nc thnh 100 ml. 50 ml dung dch ny c trung ho va bi 10 ml dung dch HCl 0,1 M. Tnh thnh phn % natri kim loi v oxit natri c trong mu, cho bit cc tp cht khng tham gia p/ . Bi 4: Ho tan 46 g mt hn hp gm Ba v 2 kim loi kim A,B thuc 2 chu k lin tip vo nc thu c dd C v 11,2 lit kh (ktc). a.Cho t t m gam bt km vo dd C n khi kh ngng thot ra. Tnh m v th tch kh thot ra (ktc). b.Nu thm 0,18 gam Na2CO3 vo dd C, khi phn ng xong vn cn d ion Ba2+. Cn nu thm 0,21 mol Na2CO3 vo dd C th sau phn ng cn d Na2CO3. Xc nh 2 kim loi kim A,B? Bi 5 : a) Cho 11, 04 gam Na kim loi vo 150 ml dd AlCl3 a(mol/l). sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 9,36 gam kt ta. Tnh a? b) 3,60 gam hn hp gm K v mt kim loi kim (A) tc dng va ht vi nc cho 2,24 lit hidro(o 0oC, 0,5 atm). A l nguyn t no nu bit rng s mol ca KL(A) trong hn hp ln hn10% tng s mol 2 kim loi. c) Cho 10,5 gam hn hp 2 KL gm Al v mt kim loi kim (R) vo nc. Sau phn ng thu c dd B v 5,6 lit kh( ktc). Cho t t dd HCl vo dd B thu c mt lng kt ta ln nht. Lc ly kt ta v cn c 7,8 gam. Xc nh tn kim loi kim? Bi 6: Mt mu Na ngoi khng kh b oxy ho mt phn. Cho mu tan ht trong nc c dung dch A v 2,24 lt kh (ktc). trung ho dung dch A cn 100 cm3 dung dch HCl 3M. Tnh % Na c oxy hoa. Bi 8: Hn hp X gm Na, Ca, Na2O, CaO. Ha tan ht 51,3 gam hn hp X thu c 5,6 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch kim Y trong c 28 gam NaOH. Hp th 17,92 lt kh SO2 (ktc) vo dung dch Y thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr ca m? Bi 7: Cho 27,4g Ba vo 500g dung dch CuSO4 2%. Tnh % dung dch thu c. Bi 9:Khi cho a(g) dung dch H2SO4 nng A% tc dng ht vi hn hp 2 kim loi Na, Mg (dng d)th thu c 0,05a(g) H2. Tnh A%. Bi 10: Kim loi X tan ht trong H2O c dung dch Y v2,24 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch Y c 8g cht rn. a. nh X b. Hn hp A gm X, Fe, Cu. Hy tch chng ra khi hn hp. Bi 11: Ho tan hn hp 2 kim loi km trong nc c dung dch. Thm 10cm3 dung dch HCl 3,5M vo dung dch B, sau thm tip 5cm3 dung dch NaOH 1M trung ho ht lng axit tha c dung dch C, c cn dung dch C c 2,3675g mui khan. nh 2 kim loi, tnh % theo khi lng, bit chng k tip trong mt phn nhm chnh. 1

Bi 12: 3.6 hn hp gm K v mt kim loi kim(A) tan ht trong nc c 2,24 lt H2 (00C; 0.5at). a. Khi lng nguyn t (A) ln hay nh hn K. b. Bit s mol A trong hn hp ln hn 10% tng s mol 2 kim loi . nh A. c. Tnh % hn hp kim loi theo khi lng . Bi13: Ho tan 46g hn hp gm Ba v 2 kim loi kim A,B k tip trong mt phn nhm chnh vo nc c dung dch D v 11,2 lt kh (ktc). nh 2 kim loi kim bit : Nu thm 0,18 mol Na2SO4 vo D th dung dch sau phn ng vn cha kt ta ht Ba. Nu thm 0,21mol Na2SO4 vo D th dung dch sau phn ng cn d Na2SO4. Bi 14:Ho tan 1 hn hp gm 2 axit ca 1 kim koi kim v 1 kim loi kim th vo nc thnh dung dch.Trung ho dung dch bng mt lng v dung dch H, sau c cn dung dch c 16,25g mui khan. em in phn nng chy ton b lng mui ny c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) ant v m(g) hn hp kim loi A. Thm vo A 1,37g Ba ta c hn hp B trong s mol ca Ba chim 37,5% tng s mol kim loi trong B. a/ Tnh m b/ Xc nh tn 2 kim loi trong hn hp A. Bi 15: Cho 27,4g Ba vo dung dch hn hp amnisunphat 1,32% v CuSO4 2%. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng c kh A, kt ta B v dung dch C. a/ Tnh th tch kh A(ktc) b/ em kt ta B ra sch ri nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i c bao nhiu gam cht rn. c/ Tnh nng % ca cc cht trong C. Bi 16: Mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k k tip c khi 8,5g. Hn hp X phn ng ht vi nc cho ra 3,36 lt kh H2. a/ Xc nh A,B v khi lng mi kim loi. b/ Thm vo 8,5g hn hp X trn mt kim loi kim th D c hn hp Y, cho Y tc dng vi nc c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch E ta c cht rn Z c khi lng l 22,15g . Xc nh D v khi lng ca D. c/ trung ho dung dch E trn cn bao nhiu lt dung dch F cha HCl 0,2M v H2SO4 0,1M. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c . Bi 17.Cho hh X gm cc kim loi: Al, Fe, Ba. Chia X thnh 3 phn bng nhau: Phn I tc dng vi nc (d), thu c 0,896 lit H2(ktc). Phn II tc dng vi 50 ml dd NaOH 1M (d), thu c 1,568 lit H 2 (ktc). Phn III tc dng vi dd HCl (d), thu c 2,24 lit H2 (ktc).Tnh % khi lng cc kim loi trong hh X Bi 18: Hoa tan 11,5 g kim loai kim R vao H2O ly d c dung dich D va 5,6 lit H 2. Toan b dung dich D trung hoa va u bi V lit dd H2SO4 0,5 M va thu c m g mui khan. Tinh v va m. Bi 19: Hn hp X gm Na va Al. Cho mg hn hp X vao mt lng d H 2O thy thoat ra V lit khi. Nu cung cho mg X vao dd NaOH d thi co 1,75 V lit khi. Tinh % khi lng Na trong hn hp Bi 20: Cho 14,7 g hn hp hai kim loai kim thuc hai chu ki lin tip vao 200 ml dung dich HCl 1M c dd B. cho B tac dung vi CuCl2 c 14,7g kt tua. Tim hai kim loai kim o. Bi 21:Mt mu Na va Ba tac dung vi H 2O d thu c dd X va 3,36 lit H 2. Tinh th tich dung dich H2SO4 2M cn dung trung hoa dung dich X. Bi 22: Ho tan 17,88g hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim A, B v kim loi kim th M vo nc c dung dch C v 0,24 mol kh H2. Dung dch D gm H2SO4 v HCl trong s mol HCl bng 4 ln s mol H2SO4 trung ho dung dch C. Hi c bao nhiu gam mui khan to thnh sau khi c cn dung dch. II. Trc nghim. Cu 1: Cho m gam hn hp gm Na va Al vao H2O sau khi phan ng ngng thu c 4,48 lit H2 (ktc)va con d lai mt cht rn khng tan. Cho cht nay tac dung vi dd H2SO4 long thi thu c 3,36 lit khi (ktc) va mt dung dch. Gi tr ca m l: A. 7,6 g la: B. 7,8 g A. 3b > a > 2b C. 8,0 g B. a = 3b 2 D. 8,2 g C. a 2b D. kt qua khac Cu 2: hn hp gm a mol Al va b mol Ba tan ht trong nc thanh dung dich thi iu kin cua a va b

Cu 3: Cho 0,1 mol Ba vao dung dich X cha hn hp 0,2 mol CuSO4 va 0,12 mol HCl. Kt thuc phan ng thu c kt tua, nung nong nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn. A. 13,98g B. 23,3g C. 26,5g D. Kt qua khac Cu 4: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na va Al vao mt lng d H2O thy thoat ra V lit khi. Nu cng cho m gam X vao dung dch NaOH d thi co 1,75V lit khi. Thnh phn % khi lng Na trong hn hp l: A. 28,85% B. 35,67% C. 29,87% D. Kt qu khc Cu 5: Mt mu Na va Ba tac dung vi H2O d thu c dung dch X va 3,36 lit H2 (ktc). Th tich dung dich H2SO4 2M cn dung trung hoa dung dich X l: A. 0,375 lt B. 0,5 lt C. 0,75 lt D. 0,8 lt Cu 6: Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi kim M v M nm 2 chu k lin tip nhau. Ly 3,1 gam A ha tan ht vo nc thu c 1,12 lt H2( ktc ). M v M l 2 kim loi no sau y: A. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs Cu 7: Cho 3,9 gam kali vo 101,8g nc thu c dung dch KOH c khi lng ring l 1,056 g/ml. Nng phn trm ca dung dch KOH l bao nhiu: A. 5,31% B. 5,20% C. 5,30% D. 5,50% Cu 8: Cho hn hp gm Ba, Al2O3 v Mg vo dung dch NaOH d, c bao nhiu phn ng dng phn t c th xy ra? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 9: Cho hn hp hai kim loi Bari v Nhm vo lng nc d. Sau th nghim, khng cn cht rn. Nh vy: A. Ba v Al b ha tan ht trong lng nc c d. B. S mol Al nh hn hai ln s mol Ba. C.S mol Ba nh hn hoc bng hai ln s mol Al D. S mol Ba bng s mol Al. Cu 10: Hn hp A gm hai kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip nhau. Ha tan 0,37 gam hn hp A trong nc d, thu c dung dch X. Cho 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,4M vo dung dch X, c dung dch Y. trung ha va lng axit cn d trong dung dch Y, cn thm tip dung dch NaOH c cha 0,01 mol NaOH. Hai kim loi kim trn l: A. Li-Na B. Na-K C. K-Rb D. Rb-Cs Cu 11: Cho 2,055 gam kim loi X vo lng d dung dch CuCl2, thy c to mt kh thot ra v to 1,47 gam kt ta. X l kim loi g? A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ba Cu 12: Ha tan 2,216 gam hn hp A gm Na v Al trong nc, phn ng kt thc, thu c dung dch B v c 1,792 lt kh H2 to ra (ktc), cn li phn rn c khi lng m gam. Tr s ca m l: A. 0,216 gam B. 1,296 gam C. 0,189 gam D. 1,89 gam Cu 13: Ha tan 1,59 gam hn hp A gm kim loi M v Al trong lng nc d. Khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 0,04 mol kh hiro thot ra, cn li 0,27 gam cht rn khng tan. M l kim loi no sau y? A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ba Cu 14: X l mt kim loi. Cho 1,1 gam X vo 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 2M, thu c cht rn khng tan v c 616 ml mt kh thot ra (ktc). X l: A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ba Cu 15: Cho 1,17 gam K vo 100 ml dung dch Mg(NO3)2 0,1M (dung dch A). Phn ng xy ra hon ton. C kh thot ra, c kt ta trng, thu c dung dch B. Khi lng dung dch B so vi dung dch Mg(NO3)2 lc u (dung dch A) nh th no? A. Khi lng dung dch B nh hn khi lng dung dch A 0,61 gam B. Khi lng dung dch B nh hn khi lng dung dch A 0,56 gam C. Khi lng dung dch B ln hn khi lng dung dch A 0,56 gam D. Khi lng dung dch B ln hn khi lng dung dch A 0,59 gam Cu 16: Hn hp A gm Ba v Al. Cho lng nc d vo 4,63 gam hn hp A, khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, thy cn li 0,81 gam cht rn. Phn trm khi lng mi kim loi c trong hn hp A l: A. 59,18%; 40,82% B. 58,12%; 41,88% C. 62,56%; 37,44% D. 65,10%; 34,90% Cu 17: em ha tan x gam Na vo 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1 M, thu c dung dch A. Cho t t dung dch A vo 100 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1 M, thu c y gam kt ta. 3

Tm tr s ca x y c tr s ln nht. Tr s ca x v tr s cc i ca y l: A. x = 0,46 g; y = 1,56 g B. x = 0,46 g; y = 6,22 g C. x = 0,69 g; y = 1,56 g D. x = 0,69 g; y = 8,55 g Cu 18: Cho m gam hn hp A dng bt gm K v Zn ha tan lng nc d, thu c 224 ml H2 (ktc). Cn nu ha tan m gam hn hp A vo dung dch KOH d, thu c 291,2 ml H2 (ktc). Tr s ca m l: A. 0,910 B. 0,715 C. 0,962 D. 0,845 Cu 19: Cho 1,17 gam K vo 100 ml dung dch Mg(NO3)2 0,1M (dung dch A). Phn ng xy ra hon ton. C kh thot ra, c kt ta trng, thu c dung dch B. Khi lng dung dch B so vi dung dch A nh th no? A. Khi lng dd B nh hn khi lng dd A: 0,61 gam. B. Khi lng dd B nh hn khi lng dd A: 0,56 gam. C. Khi lng dd B ln hn khi lng dd A: 0,56 gam. D. Khi lng dd B ln hn khi lng dd A: 0,59 gam. Cu 20: Cho 0,03 mol Na vo 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 0.2M. Khi lng kt ta to thnh sau phn ng l: A. 0,78 gam B. 0,39 gam C. 0,4 gam D. 1,56 gam Cu 21: Cho 0,04 mol Na vo 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,1M. Khi lng kt ta to thnh sau phn ng l: A. 0.78 gam B. 0,0 gam C. 1 gam D. 0.8 gam Cu 22:Cho 0,09 mol Ba vo 100 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,25M. Khi lng kt ta thu c sau phn ng l: A.19 gam B. 19,035 gam C. 20 gam D. 20,035 gam Cu 23: Cho 2,055 gam kim loi X vo lng d dung dch CuCl2 thy c to mt kh thot ra v to 1,47 gam kt ta. Kim loi X l: A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ba Cu 24: Cho 1,1 gam kim loi X vo dung dch FeCl2 d thu c cht rn khng tan v 616 ml kh thot ra(ktc). X l:A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ba Cu 25: Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi kim M v M nn 2 chu k k tip nhau.Ly 3,1g A ha tan ht vo nc thu c 1,12 lt hidro ( ktc). M v M l 2 kim loi no: A. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs Cu 26: Cho 3,9 g kali vo 101,8 g nc thu c dung dch KOH c khi lng ring l 1,056 g/ml. Nng % ca dung dch KOH l bao nhiu ( Cho K=39, O=16, H=1)? A. 5,31% B. 5,20% C. 5,30% D. 5,50% Cu 27: Cho hn hp gm Ba, Al2O3 v Mg vo dung dch NaOH d, c bao nhiu phn ng dng phn t c th xy ra? A. 1 B.2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 28: Cho hn hp hai kim loi Bari v Nhm vo lng nc d. Sau th nghim, khng cn cht rn. Nh vy: A. Ba v Al b ha tan ht trong lng nc c d. B. S mol Al nh hn hai ln s mol Ba. C. S mol Ba bng s mol Al. D.S mol Ba nh hn hoc bng hai ln s mol Al Cu 29: Hn hp A gm hai kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip nhau. Ha tan 0,37 gam hn hp A trong nc d, thu c dung dch X. Cho 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,4M vo dung dch X, c dung dch Y. trung ha va lng axit cn d trong dung dch Y, cn thm tip dung dch NaOH c cha 0,01 mol NaOH. Hai kim loi kim trn l : A. Li-Na B. Na-K C. K-Rb D.Rb-Cs (Li = 7; Na = 23; K = 39; Rb = 85; Cs = 133) Cu 30: Cho 2,055 gam kim loi X vo lng d dung dch CuCl2, thy c to mt kh thot ra v to 1,47 gam kt ta. X l kim loi g? A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ba Cu 31: Ha tan 2,216 gam hn hp A gm Na v Al trong nc, phn ng kt thc, thu c dung dch B v c 1,792 lt kh H2 to ra (ktc), cn li phn rn c khi lng m gam.Tr s ca m l: A. 0,216 gam B. 1,296 gam C. 0,189 gam D. 1,89 gam Cu 32: Ha tan 1,59 gam hn hp A gm kim loi M v Al trong lng nc d. Khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 0,04 mol kh hiro thot ra, cn li 0,27 gam cht rn khng tan. M l kim loi no? A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ba Cu 33: X l mt kim loi. Cho 1,1 gam X vo 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 2M, thu c cht rn khng tan v c 616 ml mt kh thot ra (ktc). X l: A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ba Cu 34: em ha tan x gam Na vo 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1 M, thu c dung dch A. Cho t t 4

dung dch A vo 100 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1 M, thu c y gam kt ta. Tm tr s ca x y c tr s ln nht. Tr s ca x v tr s cc i ca y l: A. x = 0,46 g; y = 1,56 g B. x = 0,46 g; y = 6,22 g C. x = 0,69 g; y = 1,56 g D. x = 0,69 g; y = 8,55 g Cu 35: Cho m gam hn hp A dng bt gm K v Zn ha tan lng nc d, thu c 224 ml H2 (ktc). Cn nu ha tan m gam hn hp A vo dung dch KOH d, thu c 291,2 ml H2 (ktc). Tr s ca m l:A.0,910 B.0,715 C.0,962 D.0,845 Cu 36:Cho 0,54g Al vo 40ml dung dch NaOH 1M,sau phn ng thu c dung dch X.Cho t t dung dch HCl 0,5M vo dung dch X thu c kt ta. thu c kt ta ln nht th th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M l: A.110ml B.40ml C.70ml D.80ml Cu 37: Ly m gam A (gm Na, Al) chia lm 2 phn bng nhau : Phn 1 cho vo nc cho n khi ht phn ng thy thot ra 0,448 lt kh H 2(ktc); Phn 2 cho vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d n khi ht phn ng thy thot ra 3,472 lt kh H2(ktc). Gi tr ca m l : A. 5,86 gam B. 2,93 gam C. 2,815 gam D. 5,63 gam Cu 38: Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 ( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 10,8. B. 5,4. C. 7,8. D. 43,2. Cu 39:CAB-2007: Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l: A. 60ml. B. 150ml. C. 75ml. D. 30ml. Cu 40:CAB-2007: Thm m gam kali vo 300ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr ca m l : A. 1,17. B. 1,59. C. 1,71. D. 1,95. Cu 41: HB-2007: Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin, cho Na = 23, Al = 27) A. 29,87%. B. 39,87%. C. 49,87%. D. 77,31%. Cu 42: HA-2008: Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau khi ccphn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 ( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l:A. 10,8. B. 5,4. C. 7,8. D. 43,2. Cu 43: HA-2010: Ho tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung dch X v2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung ho dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l: A. 14,62 gam. B. 18,46 gam. C. 13,70 gam. D. 12,78 gam. Cu 44: HA-2011: Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau. - Cho phn 1 vo dung dch KOH (d) thu c 0,784 lt kh H2 (ktc). - Cho phn 2 vo mt lng d H2O, thu c 0,448 lt kh H2 (ktc) v m gam hn hp kim loi Y. Ho tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,56 lt kh H2 (ktc). Khi lng (tnh theo gam) ca K, Al, Fe trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l: A. 0,39; 0,54; 1,40. B. 0,78; 0,54; 1,12. C. 0,39; 0,54; 0,56. D. 0,78; 1,08; 0,56.