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gii chi tit thi th i hc - m 292


Cu 1. p n A
Gi a l s mol MCl
n
dng, ta c:
MCl
n

dpdd
M +
2
n
Cl
2

Mol: a a
an
2

Theo trn v ta c:
aM = 16
an 5,6
=
2 22,4


T h trn cho ta: M = 32n
Lp bng:
n 1 2 3
M 32 64 96
Ch c gi tr n = 2; M = 64 l hp l. Vy M l Cu
Cu 2. p n A
Gi ru th nht l C
x
H
y
O, ancol k tip l C
x+1
H
y+2
O
Phn ng t chy ru:
C
x
H
y
O + O
2

o
t
xCO
2
+
y
2
H
2
O
C
x+1
H
y+2
O + O
2

o
t
(x + 1)CO
2
+
y + 2
2
H
2
O
Theo trn v ta c:
x + 1 x
> y > 2x
y + 2 y
2 2

Ta bit, ancol c s H > 2C l ancol no
Cu 3. p n D
t cng thc amin l C
n
H
2n+1
NH
2

Phn ng ca amin vi dung dch FeCl
3
:
3C
n
H
2n+1
NH
2
+ 3H
2
O + FeCl
3
Fe(OH)
3
+ + 3C
n
H
2n+1
NH
3
+
Cl
-

Mol: 0,3 0,1
T trn xc nh: M
amin
=
17,7
= 59
0,3

T cng thc tng qut ca amin cho ta: 14n + 17 = 59 n = 3
Suy ra cng thc ca amin l C
3
H
7
NH
2

Cu 4. p n C
t cng thc ca 2 axit l
m
R(COOH)

2 axit
16
M = = 91,42
0,175

Hay: R + 45m = 91,42 (1)
Phn ng ca axit vi Na
2
CO
3
:
R(COOH)
m

2 3
Na CO
R (COONa)
m

Mol: 0,175 0,175
Theo trn v ta c: 0,175( R + 67
m
) = 22,6
Hay: R + 67
m
= 129,1 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c
m
= 1,71

2
V s nhm COOH s 2 (theo ) nn: 1 <
m
= 1,71 < 2
Do hn hp A c: mt axit no n chc v mt axit no hai chc
Thay
m
= 1,71 vo (1) hoc (2) c R = 14,47 14 < R = 14,47 < 15
Vy 2 axit trong hn hp l CH
3
COOH
COOH
v CH
2

COOH
Cu 5. p n D
t x, y, z l s mol ca Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, theo c:
56x + 160y + 232z = 5,60 (1)
Phn ng ca hn hp vi CO v CuSO
4

- Fe
2
O
3
+ 3CO 2Fe + 3CO
2
|
Mol y 2y
Fe
3
O
4
+ 4CO 3Fe + 4CO
2
|
Mol z 3z
Theo trn v ta c: 56 (x + 2y + 3z) = 4,48
Hay x + 2y + 3z = 0,08
- Fe + CuSO
4
Cu + FeSO
4

Mol x x
Cng theo trn v c:
64x + 160y + 232z = 5,84
56x + 160y + 232z = 5,60

`
)
x = 0,03
T (1) v (2) c:
160y + 232z = 3,92
2y + 3z = 0,05

`
)
z = 0,01; y = 0,01
Vy trong hn hp c: m
Fe
= 56.0,03 = 1,68 (gam)

2 3 3 4
Fe O Fe O
m = 160.0,01 = 1,60 (gam) ; m = 232.0,01 = 2,32 (gam)
Cu 6. p n D
i vi phn ng c cn bng, ta nhit, khi nhit tng ln s lm chuyn dch cn bng
theo chiu nghch (Nguyn l L satli); xc tc khng lm chuyn dch cn bng v xc tc lm
tng tc phn ng c hai chiu nh nhau
Cu 7. p n B
Cu 8. p n D
- in tch ht nhn ca A =
-18
-19
3,2.10
= 20 (Ca)
1,6.10

Suy ra A
1
l CaO
- Theo , B chu k 2, nhm 4 (B l cacbon) nn B
1
l CO
2

Vy M l CaCO
3

Cu 9. p n A
- Ha tan hn hp trong axit:
- SiO
2
khng tan trong axit, lc tch c SiO
2

- Dung dch cn li c ion Al
3+
v Fe
3+
;
Al
2
O
3
+ 6H
+
2Al
3+
+ 3H
2
O
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6H
+
2Fe
3+
+ 3H
2
O
- Cho dung dch kim vo dung dch trn:
Fe
3+
+ 3OH
-
Fe(OH)
3
+
Al
3+
+ 4OH
-
AlO
2
-
+ 2H
2
O
- Lc tch Fe(OH)
3
ri nung t
o
cao c Fe
2
O
3

2Fe(OH)
3

o
t
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O

3
- Cui cng axit ha nc lc trn c cha AlO
2
-

AlO
2
-
+ H
+
+ H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+
Nung kt ta c Al
2
O
3
:
2Al(OH)
3

o
t
Al
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O|
Cu 10. p n C
Cc cht cho trong c tnh baz do nit cn d electron t do nn c kh nng nhn proton
Amin c gc y electron (R-) s lm tng tnh baz. Ngc li gc ht electron (Ar-) s lm
gim tnh baz
Cu 11. p n D
Cng thc tng qut ca ancol: C
n
H
2n+2-2a
O
m

Phn ng t chy: C
n
H
2n+2-2a
O
m

2
o
O
t
nCO
2
+ (n + 1 a)H
2
O
Theo trn v :
n + 1 - a
= 2
n
hay : n + a = 1
Ch c gi tr hp l l a = 0 n = 1
V cng do m ch c th l 1
Vy ancol l CH
4
O hay CH
3
OH
Cu 12. p n C
Cu 13. p n C
Cu 14. p n D

2 4
H SO NaOH
n = 0,005 (mol); n = 0,005.4 = 0,02 (mol)

+
2 4
H SO
H
n = 2n = 2.0,005 = 0,01 (mol)

-
NaOH
OH
n = n = 0,02 mol
Phn ng trung ha:
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
Mol: Ban u 0,01 0,02
Phn ng: 0,01 0,01
Sau phn ng: 0 0,01
n
OH
d = 0,01 [OH
-
] =
0,01
= 0,002
4 + 1

pOH = -lg[OH
-
] = -lg0,002 = -lg(2.10
-3
) = (3 0,3) = 2,7
pH = 14 2,7 = 11,3
Cu 15. p n C
Theo :
2
CO NaOH
11,2
n = = 0,5 (mol); n = 0,8.1 = 0,8 (mol)
22,4

T s gia 2 s mol
2
NaOH
CO
n 0,8
= < 2
n 0,5

V th dung dch tn ti hai loi mui theo cc phng trnh phn ng:
CO
2
+ NaOH NaHCO
3

Mol x x x
CO
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
Mol y 2y y
Gi x, y l s mol ca NaHCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
, theo trn ta c:

2
CO NaOH
n = x + y = 0,5; n = x + 2y = 0,8
V th,
3
M(NaHCO )
0,2
C = .1000 = 0,25 (M)
800


4

2 3
M(Na CO )
0,3
C = .1000 = 0,375 (M)
800

Cu 16. p n D
in phn dung dch KNO
3
thc cht l in phn nc
H
2
O
dp
H
2
+
2
1
O
2


2
O
n anot =
280
= 0,0125 (mol)
22400

Khi lng sn phm catot l khi lng hiro

2 2
H O
n = 2n v = 0,0125.2 = 0,025 (mol)
Vy
2
H
m = 2.0,025 = 0,05 (gam)
Cu 17. p n B
Cc phn ng:
C
4
H
8
O
2
+ 5O
2
4CO
2
+ 4H
2
O (1)
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O (2)
CO
2
+ H
2
O + CaCO
3
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
(3)
T (1)
2
CO
n = 4n cht hu c = 4.
1,32
= 0,06 (mol)
88

T (2)
2
CO
n
to KT
=
2 3
Ca(OH) CaCO KT
3,7
n = n = = 0,05 (mol)
74

T (3)
2
CO
n
ha tan KT
=
3
CaCO
n
tan
= 0,06 0,05 = 0,01 (mol)
Do :
3
CaCO
n
cn
= 0,05 0,01 = 0,04 (mol)
m
KT
=
3
CaCO
m
cn
= 0,04.100 = 4 (gam)
Cu 18. p n D
t cng thc ca X l C
x
H
y
Cl
z

Theo : M
X
= 56,5.2 = 113 (gam)

Cl
35,5z
%m = .100% = 62,83%
113
z = 2
Suy ra: 12x + y + 71 = 113
Hay: 12x + y = 42
Ch c gi tr hp l l x = 3; y = 6
Vy cng thc phn t ca X l C
3
H
6
Cl
2

Cu 19. p n D
Phn ng t chy:
C
x
H
y
O
2
+
2
4x + y - 4
O
4

o
t
xCO
2
+
2
y
H O
2

Mol: 0,1 0,1x
Theo trn v : 0,1x <
35,2
= 0,8
44
x < 8
C
x
H
y
O
2
+ Na H
2
+
Mol: 1 1
Vy trong A c 2 nguyn t hiro linh ng
C
x
H
y
O
2
+ NaOH
Mol: 0,2 0,2
Vy trong A c mt nguyn t hiro c tnh axit

5
V phn t A c 2 nguyn t oxi, nn trong A phi c 2 nhm OH (mt nhm c tnh axit v 1 nhm
thuc ancol)
Vy A c cu to:
OH OH OH
CH
2
OH ; ;

CH
2
OH CH
2
OH
Cu 20. p n C
- t cng thc ca oxit kim loi l A
x
O
y
c a mol; khi lng mol ca A l M v ha
tr ca A l n:
A
x
O
y
+ yCO
o
t
xA + yCO
2
(1)
Mol: a ya xa ya
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O (2)
Mol: ya
7
= 0,07
100

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, t (1):
4,06 + 28.0,07 = m
A
+ 44.0,07 m
A
= 2,94 = M. xa
- Phn ng ca A vi dung dch HCl:
2A + 2nHCl 2ACln + nH
2
:
Mol: xa
n
xa
a

Theo :
n
xa
a
=
1,176
= 0,0525
22,4
xa =
0,105
n

Do M = 28n
Nghim thch hp khi n = 2 M = 56 A l Fe
Khi n = 2 ta c: xa =
0,105
= 0,0525
2

Suy ra:
xa 0,0525 x 3
= =
ya 0,07 y 4

Cu 21. p n C
Cu 22. p n D
Ta bit: nguyn t trung ha lun c p = e = z v s khi A = p + n
Theo , ta c:
p + e + n = 2p + n = 52
p + n = 35


Gii h trn c p = 17
Cu 23. p n C
Cu 24. p n D
Cho H
2
SO
4
long tc dng vi c 5 kim loi:
- Kim loi no khng tan l Ag (v Ag khng phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
long); 4 kim loi
kia c phn ng:
2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
|
Fe + 3H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2
|
Mg + H
2
SO
4
MgSO
4
+ H
2
|
Ba + 3H
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ + H
2
|
- Trng hp no c kt ta l Ba. Lc tch kt ta. Dung dch nc lc c cha
Ba(OH)
2
(sau khi Ba phn ng vi H
2
SO
4
, cho thm Ba vo, Ba s phn ng vi H
2
O):

6
Ba + 2H
2
O Ba(OH)
2
+ H
2
|
Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
vo 3 dung dch cn li:
- Trng hp no c kt ta trng, khng tan trong Ba(OH)
2
d th kim loi ban u
l Mg:
MgSO
4
+ Ba(OH)
2
BaSO
4
+ + Mg(OH)
2
+
- Trng hp no c kt ta mu trng xanh, trong khng kh dn dn ha nu th
kim loi ban u l Fe:
FeSO
4
+ Ba(OH)
2
BaSO
4
+ + Fe(OH)
2
+
4Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4Fe(OH)
3
+ nu
- Trng hp no c kt ta tan dn trong Ba(OH)
2
d n khi hon ton khng tan,
kim loi ban u l Al:
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3Ba(OH)
2
3BaSO
4
+ + 2Al(OH)
3
+
2Al(OH)
3
+ Ba(OH)
2
Ba(AlO
2
)
2
+ 4H
2
O
Cu 25. p n D
Cu 26. p n D
Cu 27. p n B
Cc amin R-NH
2
(amoniac chnh l amin khi R l H) c nhm amino nh vi gc y electron
(R-) lm tng tnh baz, cng nhiu gc y, amin c tnh baz cng mnh. Ngc li, cc amin c
nhm amino nh vi gc thm ht electron (Ar-) lm cho amin c tnh baz gim. Amin c nhm
th y electron gc thm c tnh baz mnh hn amin c nhm th ht electron (NO
2
-
) cng
gc thm
Cu 28. p n D
- T CH
4
iu ch ru metylic:
CH
4
+ Cl
2

askt
CH
3
Cl + HCl
CH
3
Cl + NaOH
o
t
CH
3
-OH + NaCl
- Ru etylic iu ch t CH
4
:
2CH
4

o
1500 C
2C
2
H
2
+ 3H
2

C
2
H
2
+ HOH
o
+
80 C
H
CH
3
-CHO
CH
3
-CHO + H
2

Ni
CH
3
-CH
2
OH
- Etilenglicol t CH
4
:
C
2
H
5
OH
2 4
o
H SO d
170 C
C
2
H
4
+ H
2
O
C
2
H
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
- CH
2

Br Br
CH
2
-CH
2
+ 2NaOH CH
2
- CH
2
+ 2NaBr
Br Br OH OH
- Cng t CH
4
iu ch ru isopropylic:
2C
2
H
5
OH
o
xt, t
C
4
H
6
+ 2H
2
O + H
2

C
4
H
6
+ 2H
2

Ni
C
4
H
10

C
4
H
10

cracking
CH
2
=CH-CH
3
+ CH
4

CH
2
=CH-CH
3
+ HOH
+
H
CH
3
-CH-CH
3

OH
Cu 29. p n C
Theo : %A =
A.100 200
=
A + 60 7
A = 24 A chnh l Mg

7
Cng theo : %B =
B.100
= 40
B + 60
B = 40 B chnh l Ca
Vy hai mui l MgCO
3
v CaCO
3

Cu 30. p n D
Phn ng trung ha:
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
Mol: 0,003 0,03.0,10
n
NaOH
ban u = 0,09.0,04 = 0,0036 (mol)
Theo phng trnh phn ng trn, th n
NaOH
phn ng l 0,003 mol
n
NaOH
d = 0,0036 0,0030 = 0,0006 (mol)
Nh vy dung dch mi d NaOH v c th tch l 130 ml
Do nng OH
-
=
-3
0,0006
= 4,6.10
0,13

pOH = -lg[OH
-
] - lg 4,6.10
-3
= 2,34
Vy pH = 14 pOH = 14 2,34 = 11,66
Cu 31. p n D
S gam KCl c trong 450 gam dung dch 8% l 450.
8
= 36 (gam)
100

Gi x l s gam mui KCl thm vo, theo ta c:

36 + x 12
= x = 20,45 gam
450 + x 100

Cu 32. p n D
Phn ng trung ha axit:
R-COOH + NaOH RCOONa
Mol 0,05 0,05
S mol NaOH trung ha = 0,05 n
axit
= 0,05
Khi lng phn t axit = 3,6 : 0,05 = 72
R = 72 45 = 27
Vy R l CH
2
=CH-
Suy ra axit l CH
2
=CH-COOH
Cu 33. p n D
Phn ng t chy:
n 2n+2 z 2 2 2
(3n + 1 - z)
C H O + O nCO + (n + 1)H O
2

Theo trn v :
3n + 1 - z
= 3,5
2

Hay 3n + 1 z = 7 vi iu kin: 1 s z s n
Ch gi tr n = 3, z = 3 l hp l
Vy cng thc phn t ca ru l C
3
H
8
O
3

Cu 34. p n D
S mol kim MOH = 0,15.0,1 = 0,015 (mol)
Phn ng trung ha v ha tan H
2
SO
4
ca dung dch A:
R-COOH + MOH R-COOM + H
2
O
Mol 0,015 0,015
(R-COO)
2
Ba + H
2
SO
4
2RCOOH + BaSO
4

Mol 0,02
4,66
= 0,02
233

Theo trn v :

8
C
M(R-COOH)
=
0,015
= 0,3 (M)
0,05
; C
M((R-COO)2Ba)
=
0,02
= 0,4 (M)
0,05

- Cng theo trn v , ta c:
0,015 (R + 44 + M) + 0,02 (2R + 225) = 6,33 R =
1,17 - 0,015M
0,055

Ch c gi tr hp l khi M = 23
R = 15 ng vi gc CH
3

Vy cng thc cu to ca axit: CH
3
-COOH
Cu 35. p n D
Cc phn ng vi, n
Al
=
10,8
= 0,4 (mol)
27


3 4
Fe O
34,8
n = = 0,15 (mol)
232
;
2
H
10,752
n = = 0,48 (mol)
22,4
v x l s mol Al tham gia phn
ng
8Al + 3Fe
3
O
4
9Fe + 4Al
2
O
3
(1)
Mol x
3
x
8

9
x
8

1
x
2

Fe + H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+
2
H | (2)
Mol
9
x
8

9
x
8

9
x
8

2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
| (3)
Mol 0,3 x
3
(0,4 - x)
2

3
(0,4 - x)
2

Fe
3
O
4
+ 4H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 4H
2
O (4)
Mol 0,15 -
3
x
8

3
4(0,15 - x)
8

Al
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2
O (5)
Mol
1
x
2
3.
1
x
2

Tnh hiu sut phn ng theo Al (c th tnh theo Fe
3
O
4
):
Theo cc phn ng (2), (3) v , ta c:

2
H
9 3
x + (0,4 - x) = n = 0,48 x = 0,32
8 2

Vy hiu sut h =
0,32.100
= 80%
0,4

- Theo (2), (3), (4), (5):
2 4
H SO
9 3 3 1
n = x + (0,4 - x) + 4 0,15 - x + 3 x = 1,08 (mol)
8 2 8 2
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .

Vy
2 4
dd H SO
V dng =
1,08.98.100
= 464,21 (mol)
20.1,14

Cu 36. p n D
Cu 37. p n C
Phn ng cn bng:
46Al + 168HNO
3
46Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 9N
2
+ 6N
2
O + 84H
2
O
Cu 38. p n C
- Ly mt t mi cht rn cho vo tng ng nghim cha nc c kt qu:

9
Hai cht tan trong nc l K
2
SO
4
v NaNO
3

Hai cht khng tan l CaSO
4
v BaCO
3

- Sc kh CO
2
vo ng nghim cha cc cht khng tan, ng no thy cht rn tan
dn n ht, ng cha BaCO
3
, v
BaCO
3
+ CO
2
+H
2
O Ba(HCO
3
)
2

(tan)

ng c cht khng tan l CaSO
4

- Ly dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
to thnh trn cho vo hai ng nghim ng NaNO
3

v K
2
SO
4
ng no c kt ta trng l ng cha K
2
SO
4
, v:
K
2
SO
4
+ Ba(HCO
3
)
2
BaSO
4
+ + 2KHCO
3

ng khng c phn ng g l ng cha NaNO
3

Cu 39. p n C
Cu 40. p n C
Cu 41. p n C
Nhit si ca cc cht ph thuc vo:
- Khi lng phn t: cht c khi lng phn t ln hn, nhit si s cao hn
- Lin kt hiro gia cc phn t: Cht c lin kt hiro c nhit si cao hn cht
khng c lin kt hiro (Trong cc cht u c lin kt hiro th cht no c lin kt hiro mnh hn
s c nhit si cao hn nh axit v ru, axit c lin kt hiro mnh hn ru nn axit c nhit
si ln hn ru)
Cu 42. p n C
ng vi cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
:
- Khng th l ancol 2 chc cha no c mt lin kt pi:
CH=CH-CH
2
-OH
OH v ancol ny khng tn ti
- Cng khng th l xeton hay anehit no 2 chc nh
CH=CHO, H-C-C-CH
3

CHO O O
V 2 cht khng ng ng cng thc phn t cho
Cu 43. p n D
Axit c gc y electron nh R- lm gim tnh axit (HCOOH c tnh axit mnh hn
CH
3
COOH, v gc CH
3
-
y electron). Tri li, axit c gc c nhm th ht electron (nh halogen s
lm tng tnh axit); gc cng nhiu nhm th ht electron, tnh axit cng mnh
Do axit CCl
3
-COOH mnh nht
Cu 44. p n C
Xem cch gii tng t cu 10 9
Cu 45. p n D
Gi A
1
v A
2
l s khi ca 2 ng v, theo :
A1 = 35 + 44 = 79
A2 = 35 + 46 = 81
Theo trn v , xc nh c khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca nguyn t l:

79.27 + 81.23
A= = 79,92
27 + 23

Cu 46. p n D
RCOOH

RCOO
-
+ H
+

mol b: 0,1
Mol li: 0,1.0,05 0,005 0,005
Mol Cb: 0,095 0,005 0,005

10
Vy K
a
=
2
-4
(0,005)
= 2,6.10
0,095

Cu 47. p n D
Phn ng xy ra trong bnh: S + O
2
SO
2

C + O
2
CO
2

Theo cc phng trnh phn ng trn, s mol kh trc (n
1
) v sau phn ng khng i (n
2
)
Theo th th tch bnh v nhit cng khng i
Do , t PV = nRT cho ta:

1 1
2 2
P n
= = 1
P n
(v n
1
= n
2
) (P
1
v P
2
l p sut trc v sau phn ng)
P
1
= P
2
= 2 atm
Cu 48. p n B

2
O
10,08
n = = 0,45 (mol)
22,4

t C
n
H
2n+3
N l amin no n chc
Phn ng t chy amin:
C
n
H
2n+3
N +
2
6n + 3
O
4
| |
|
\ .
nCO
2
+
2n + 3
2
| |
|
\ .
H
2
O +
2
1
N
2
|
Mol:
6,2
14n + 17

6,2 6n + 3
.
14n + 17 4

Theo trn v ta c:
6,2
14n + 17
.
6n + 3
4
=
10,08
= 0,45
22,4
n = 1
Vy amin l CH
3
NH
2

Cu 49. p n D
T 2 olefin ng ng lin tip suy ra 2 anehit cng l ng ng lin tip.
t cng thc phn t trung bnh ca hai anehit n chc, no:
n 2n+1
C H CHO c x mol
Cc phn ng xy ra:

n 2n+1
C H CHO + H
2

o
Ni
t

n 2n+1 2
C H CH OH
Mol x x

n 2n+1 2
C H CH OH
2 4
o
H SO d
170 C

n+1 2(n+1)
C H
Mol x x

n+1 2(n+1)
C H +
2
3(n + 1)
O
2

o
t
( n +1)CO
2
+ ( n +1)H
2
O
Mol x
3(n + 1)x
2
( n +1)x
S mol O
2
ban u =
1,68
= 0,075 (mol)
22,4

S mol kh sau phn ng (gm CO
2
, O
2
d) = 0,055 (mol)
Hay:
2
O
n
d
+
2
CO
n = 0,075 -
3(n + 1)x
2
+ ( n +1)x = 0,055
( n +1)x = (0,075 0,055.2) = 0,04 (1)
Khi lng anehit: (14 n + 30).x = 0,8 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c x = 0,015 (mol)
T (1) cho ta: n =
0,04 0,04
- 1 = - 1 = 1,66
x 0,015
1 < n = 1,66 < 2,3
Vy n = 1 CH
3
CHO; n = 2 C
2
H
5
CHO

11
Cu 50. p n C
- n
HCl
=
400
.2 = 0,8 (mol)
1000

Cc phn ng xy ra:
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8HCl 2FeCl
3
+ FeCl
2
+ 3H
2
O (1)
Mol 0,1 0,8 0,2 0,1
Cu + 2FeCl
3
CuCl
2
+ 2FeCl
2
(2)
Mol 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2
Sau phn ng (2): n
Cu d
= 0,2 0,1 = 0,1 mol, chnh l cht rn B.
a = m
Cu d
= 0,1.64 = 6,4 (gam)
- Cng sau phn ng (2):

2
FeCl
n = 0,1 + 0,2 = 0,3 (mol) ;
2
CuCl
n = 0,1 (mol)
FeCl
2
+ 2NaOH Fe(OH)
2
+ + 2NaCl (3)
Mol 0,3 0,3
CuCl
2
+ 2NaOH Cu(OH)
2
+ + 2NaCl (4)
Mol 0,1 0,1
2Fe(OH)
2
+
2
1
O
2
+ H
2
O 2Fe(OH)
3
(5)
Mol 0,3 0,3
2Fe(OH)
3

o
t
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O (6)
Mol 0,3 0,15
Cu(OH)
2

o
t
CuO + H
2
O (7)
Mol 0,1 0,1
T (3), (5), (6), (7) rt ra: b =
2 3
Fe O CuO
m + m = 0,15.160 + 0,1.80 = 32 (gam)

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