BI TP HA I CNG

BI TP CHNG III.
1.Tnh nhit t chy ca C2H2(k), bit nhit to thnh tiu chun (Kcal/mol) ca C2H2(k) , CO2(k) v
H2O(l) tng ng l 54,3 ; -94,1 v -68,32.
2.Tnh nhit lng ta ra khi t chy 70g CO. Bit nhit to thnh ca CO v CO2 tng ng l -26,42
kcal/mol v -94,05 Kcal/mol.
3.Kh 80g Fe2O3(r) bng Al gii phng 426,3 Kj, t chy 5,4g Al gii phng 167,3 Kj. Tnh
Hott(Fe2O3 (r))?
4. Khi t chy amoniac xy ra phn ng : 4NH3(k) + 3O2 (k) 2N2 (k) + 6 H2O(l)
2 mol
Bit rng 25oC, 1atm , c to thnh 4,89 lt kh N2 th thot ra 153,06 Kj nhit lng v
Hott(H2O(l)) =
-285,84 Kj/mol.
Tnh Hop v Hott(NH3 (k))
5. Phn ng tng cng xy ra trong l cao l : Fe2O3 (r) + 3CO(k) 2Fe(r) + 3CO2 (k).
Tnh Hop bit Hott (298) ca Fe2O3 (r) , CO(k) , CO2 (k) ln lt l : -822,16 ; -110,55 ; -393,51
(Kj/mol).
6. Tnh hiu ng nhit ca phn ng : C(r) + H2O(k) CO(k) + H2(k)
Bit
C(r) + 1/2O2 (k) CO (k)
H1 = -26,42 Kcal
H2(k) + 1/2O2 (k) H2O (k)
H2 = -57,8 Kcal
7. Tnh hiu ng nhit ca phn ng : 2KClO3(r) 3/2KClO4(r) + 1/2KCl(r)
Bit
2x
2KClO3(r) 2KCl (r) + 3O2 (k)
H1 = 49,4 Kj
3/2
3/2KClO4(r) 3/2KCl (r) + 3O2 (k)
H2 = 33 Kj
H = 2H1 3/2H2
8. Tnh Go ca cc phn ng :
a)
C(r) + 2H2 (k) CH4 (k)
Bit Ho298 (Kj/mol)
-74,81
o
S 298 (J/mol.K)
5,74 130,7
186,3
b)
1/2N2(k) + 3/2H2 (k) NH3 (k)
Bit Ho298 (Kj/mol)
-45,9
o
S 298 (J/mol.K)
191,5
130,7
192,5
c)
N2(k) + O2(k) 2NO (k)
Bit Ho298 (Kj/mol)
90,25
o
S 298 (J/mol.K)
191,5 205,0
210,7
9. Hn hp H2S(k) v O2(k) iu kin chun c bn hay khng, gi s c phn ng :

Bit

Ho298 (Kcal/mol)
So298 (Cal/mol.K)

H2S(k) + O2(k) H2O(k) + S(r)

-4,8
-57,8
49,10
49,01
45,13
7,62

10. Cho cn bng phn ng sau : 2NO2(k) N2O4 (k)

Bit
Ho298,s (Kcal/mol) 8,09
2,31
o
S 298 (Cal/mol.K)
57,5
72,7
Gi s H, S khng ph thuc nhit , hy v th biu din s ph thuc G vo nhit T v t
cho bit phn ng to N2O4 u tin xy ra nhit cao hay thp. Gii thch ?
11. Cho phn ng :
CO2 (k)
+
C(gr)
2CO(k)
o
H tt,298 (Kjl/mol)
-393,51
-110,52
So298 (J/mol.K)
213,63
5,74
197,56
a) Tnh H, U, S , G ca phn ng trn iu kin chun (25oC, 1atm).
H = U + PV => U = H - PV = H - nRT
b) Tnh nhit m phn ng ti t cn bng ( xem H, S khng ph thuc nhit )
12. Cho phn ng :
Cl2 (k) +
2HI(k)
=
I2(r) +
2HCl(k)
Hott,298 (Kjl/mol)
25,9
-94,6
So298 (J/mol.K)
222,7
206,1
116,6
186,5
a) Tnh Ho298, Uo298, So298 , Go298 ca phn ng trn .
b) Phn ng ta nhit hay thu nhit? iu kin chun phn ng xy ra theo chiu no?
13. Tnh Go v nhn xt chiu ca phn ng 298 v 1000oK. (XemH, S khng ph thuc nhit )
C(r)
+
H2O(k)

CO(k)
+
H2(k)
Hott,298 (Kjl/mol)
-241,82
-110,52
So298 (J/mol.K)
5,74
188,72
197,56
130,57
14. Cho phn ng
NH3(k) + 5/4O2 (k)

NO(k) +
3/2 H2O(l)
o
H tt,298 (Kjl/mol)
-46,2
90,4
-285,8
So298 (J/mol.K)
192,5
205,0
210,6
70,0
iu kin chun phn ng xy ra theo chiu no? Tnh nhit phn ng xy ra theo chiu ngc
li (xem H, S khng ph thuc nhit ).

BI TP CHNG IV

1.S nghin cu trn phn ng 2NO(k) + Cl2(k) 2NOCl (k) cho thy khi nng NO khng i, tc
phn ng tng gp i khi nng Cl2 tng gp i. Khi nng Cl2 khng i, tc phn ng tng
gp 4 ln khi nng NO tng gp i. Vit phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng v xc nh bc ton
phn.
2. Vit biu thc tnh tc phn ng v tnh bc ton phn ca cc phn ng sau, bit rng cc phn
ng xy ra trong mt giai on
a) I2 = 2I
b) 2HI = H2 + I2

c) NO + O3 = NO2 + O2
3. Vit biu thc tnh tc phn ng v tnh bc ton phn ca cc phn ng phc tp sau, bit rng
cc phn ng xy ra qua nhiu giai on
a) 2N2O5 = 4NO2 + O2
Phn ng din ra qua hai giai on ni tip nhau : N2O5 = N2O3 + O2 (chm)
N2O3 + N2O5 = 4NO2 (nhanh)
b) H2O2 + 2HI = 2H2O + I2
Phn ng din ra qua hai giai on ni tip nhau : H2O2 + HI = H2O + IOH (chm)
IOH + HI = H2O + I2 (nhanh)
4. Phn ng ha hc lm sa chua c nng lng hot ha bng 43,05 Kj/mol. Hy so snh tc phn
ng ny 30oC v 5oC.
5. i vi phn ng 2NOCl(k) 2NO(k) + Cl2 (k) , 77oC hng s tc k1 = 8.10-6 mol-1.l.s-1
v 127oC hng s tc k2 = 5,9.10-4 mol-1.l.s-1. Tnh nng lng hot ha Ea.
6. Mt phn ng tin hnh vi vn tc v 20oC. Hi phi tng nhit ln bao nhiu vn tc phn
ng tng ln 1024 ln ? Cho bit h s nhit ca phn ng l 2.
7. 150oC mt phn ng kt thc trong 16 pht. Tnh xem 200 oC v 80oC phn ng ny kt thc
trong bao lu? Cho bit h s nhit ca phn ng bng 2,5.
8. Mt phn ng c h s nhit = 3. Hi :
a) Khi tng nhit t 50oC n 70oC th tc phn ng thay i nh th no?
b) Cn tng nhit t 25oC ln bao nhiu tc phn ng tng ln 10 ln.
9. Mt phn ng c hng s tc l 0,02 s-1 15oC v bng 0,38 s-1 52oC.
a) Tnh nng lng hot ha ca phn ng
b) Vn tc phn ng trn s tng bao nhiu ln khi tng nhit t 15 oC n 25oC.

BI TP CHNG V
1. Tnh hng s cn bng 25oC ca cc phn ng :
a) N2 (k) + 3/2H2 (k) = NH3 (k)
b) N2(k) + 3H2 (k) = 2NH3(k)
c) NH3(k) = N2(k) + 3/2 H2(k)
Bit Gott,298(NH3 (k)) = -16,5 Kj/mol
2. Tnh hng s cn bng Kp3 ca phn ng : 2CO2(k) = 2CO(k) + O2(k)
Bit
CO2(k) + H2(k) = CO(k) + H2O(k)
Kp1
2H2O(k) = O2(k) + 2H2(k)
Kp2
3. Cho phn ng : I2(k) + H2(k) 2HI (k)
Nng ban u ca I2 v H2 u bng 0,03M. mt nhit no khi cn bng, nng ca HI l
0,04M.
a) Tnh nng lc cn bng ca I2 v H2.

b) Tnh hng s cn bng KC v KP.

c) Tnh Go ca phn ng 298oK.
4. Cho phn ng : 2NO(k) + Cl2(k) = 2NOCl(k)
Nng ban u ca NO l 0,5M v ca Cl2 l 0,2M. Tnh KP , KC ca phn ng bit rng 25oC khi
phn ng t trng thi cn bng c 20% NO phn ng.
5. Cn bng 2SO2(k) + O2(k) 2SO3(k) c thc hin trong mt bnh dung tch 100 lt nhit
khng i 25oC. Ban u, ngi ta cho vo bnh 8 mol SO2 v 4 mol O2 . p sut trong bnh lc u l 3
atm, khi cn bng p sut trong bnh l 2,2 atm.
a) Xc nh nng cc cht lc cn bng.
b) Tnh KC , KP , v Kx .
6. Cho cn bng phn ng : 2CH4(k) = C2H2(k) + 3H2(k) c thc hin 298oK. Nng lc cn
bng ca CH4 l 3M, bit rng ti trng thi cn bng ch c 25% CH4 tham gia phn ng.
a) Tnh KC , KP ca phn ng nhit trn, bit rng nng ban u ca C2H2 v H2 bng 0
b) Tnh KC KP ca phn ng : CH4(k) = C2H2(k) + 3/2H2(k).
7. Khi un nng HI n mt nhit no th xy ra cn bng phn ng:
2HI (k) H2 (k) + I2(k) vi KC = 1/64. Tnh xem c bao nhiu % HI b phn hy?
N2O4(k)

2NO2(k)
Khng mu
Nu
o
H tt,298 (Kcal/mol)
2.31
8,09
So298 (cal/mol.K)
72,73
57,46
o
o
a) 0 C v 100 C, phn ng xy ra theo chiu no?
b) Khi tng nhit , p sut mu ca h m hay nht i?
Xem H, S khng ph thuc nhit
8. C phn ng :

9. Khi un nng NO2 trong mt bnh kn ti mt nhit no th cn bng ca phn ng :

2NO2(k) = 2NO(k) + O2(k) c thit lp.
Bng thc nghim quang ph xc nh c nng NO2 lc cn bng 0,06M. Xc nh hng s
cn bng KC ca phn ng trn, bit rng nng ban u ca NO2 bng 0,3M
10. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng : CO(k) + H2O(h) =
H2(k) + CO(k) 858oC bng 1.
Tnh nng cc cht lc cn bng, bit ban u nng CO l 1M v H 2O l 3M.
11. Nhit v p sut c nh hng g n trng thi cn bng ca cc phn ng sau :
FeO(r) + CO(k) = Fe(r) + CO2(k)
H > 0
N2 (k) + O2(k) = 2NO(k)
H > 0
4HCl(k) + O2(k) = 2H2O(k) + 2Cl2 (k)
H < 0
C(gr) + CO2 (k) = 2CO(k)
H > 0
N2O4(k)
=
2NO2(k)
H > 0
12. Cho phn ng
Hos,298 (KJ/mol)

H2(k) +
-

CO2(k)
-393,509

H2O(k)
-241,818

CO(k)
-110,525

So298 (J/mol.K)
130,575
213,630
188,716
o
a) Tnh hng s cn bng KP , KC ca phn ng nhit 25 C.
b) Hy nu nh hng ca nhit v p sut n cn bng phn ng trn.

197,565

13. Cho cn bng phn ng sau :

2SO2(k)
+
O2(k)
2SO3(k)
Hott,298 (KJ/mol)
-296,1
-395,2
o
S 298 (J/mol.K)
248,5
205
256,2
a) Tnh Ho298, So298 , Go298 , KP , KC ca phn ng 298oK
b) Nhit v p sut c nh hng g n cn bng trn khng?
14. Th ng p to thnh tiu chun ca NO v NO2 ln lt l 20,72 v 12,39 Kcal/mol
a) Tnh Go298 ca phn ng : NO + O2 = NO2
b) Tnh KP ca phn ng trn 25oC. Cho bit n v ca KP nu p sut c biu din bng atm?
15. Cho phn ng :
4HCl(k)
+
O2(k)
2H2O(k)
+
2Cl2(k)
o
Cho H s,298 (KJ/mol)
-92,3
-241,8
So298 (J/mol.K)
187,0
205,0
188,7
223,0
a) Tnh H , S , G , KP , KC ca phn ng iu kin tiu chun.
b) Phn ng thu nhit hay ta nhit, iu kin chun t xy ra theo chiu no ?
c) Nhit nh hng n cn bng phn ng nh th no (xem H, S khng ph thuc vo T)
d) Hng s cn bng KP cho s thay i nh th no khi phn ng cho c vit di dng
2HCl(k)
+
1/2O2(k)

H2O(k) +
Cl2(k)

BI TP CHNG VI
1.Cn bao nhiu kg KOH v nc iu ch 75 lt dung dch KOH 12% c khi lng ring d =
1100kg/m3? . Xc nh nng mol/lit ca dung dch?
2. Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch KOH 40% (d = 1460 kg/m3) pha thnh 800ml dung dch KOH 12% (d
= 1100 kg/m3)
3. trung ha 20 ml dung dch acid nng 0,1N cn 8 ml dung dch NaOH. Tnh lng NaOH c
trong 1 lt dung dch?
4. trung ha 20ml dung dch cha 12g kim trong 1 lt dung dch phi dng 24 ml dung dch acid
0,25N. Xc nh ng lng ca kim?
5. 20oC p sut hi nc bo ha l 17,5mmHg. Cn phi ha tan bao nhiu gam glycerin C3H5(OH)3
vo 100g nc gim p sut hi nc bo ha 0,1mmHg.
6. Tnh nhit si, nhit kt tinh ca dung dch ng saccaroz (C12H22O11) 5% trong nc. Tnh
p sut hi ca dung dch ny nhit 65oC, bit p sut hi nc bo ha nhit ny l 187,5mmHg.
Cho bit nc c Ks = 0,52 ; K = 1,86.

7. p sut hi ca dung dch cha 13,68 g ng C12H22O11 trong 90 gam nc 65oC s l bao nhiu
nu p sut hi nc bo ha nhit ny bng 187,5 mmHg?
8. p sut hi nc bo ha 70oC bng 233,8 mmHg. cng nhit ny, p sut hi ca dung dch
cha 12g cht ha tan trong 270g nc bng 230,68 mmHg. Xc nh khi lng phn t cht tan?
9. Tnh nhit si v nhit ng c ca dung dch cha 9 gam glucoz (C 6H12O6) trong 100g nc.
Bit nc c Ks = 0,51 /mol ; K = 1,86 /mol.
10. Khi ha tan 3,24 gam lu hunh vo 40 gam benzen th nhit si ca dung dch tng ln 0,81oC.
Tnh xem trong dung dch ny, mt phn t lu hunh gm my nguyn t? Bit benzen c K s = 2,53
/mol.
11. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca mt cht cha 50,69%C ; 4,23%H ; 45,08%O? Bit rng dung dch
cha 2,13 gam cht ny trong 60 gam benzen ng c 4,25 oC, nhit ng c ca benzen nguyn cht
l 5,5oC v K(benzen) = 5,12 /mol.
12. Trong 1 lt dung dch phi c bao nhiu gam glucoz (C6H12O6) cho p sut thm thu ca n bng
p sut thm thu ca dung dch cha 3g formaldehyd HCHO trong 1 lt dung dch cng nhit .

BI TP CHNG VII
1.Trong dung dch nng 0,1M , in ly ca acid acetic bng 1,32%. nng no ca dung dch
in ly ca n bng 90%.
2. Tnh nng H+ v pH ca cc dung dch sau :
a) HNO3 0,1M ; 10-6M
b) KOH 0,5M ; 10-6M
c) CH3COOH 0,1M, bit rng nhit kho st, acid acetic c in ly = 1,33%
d) CH3COOH 0,1M 25oC, bit rng nhit kho st Ka(CH3COOH) = 1,76.10-5
e) HCOOH 0,1M 25oC, bit rng nhit kho st Ka(HCOOH) = 1,77.10-4
f) HCN 0,2M 25oC, bit rng 25oC, Ka(HCN)= 6,17.10-10
3. ha tan ca PbI2 18oC bng 1,5.10-3M. Tnh :
a) Nng ca ion Pb2+ v I- trong dung dch bo ha PbI2 18oC.
b) Tch s ha tan ca PbI2 18oC.
c) Khi thm KI vo th ha tan ca PbI 2 tng hay gim? V sao?
d) Mun gim ha tan ca PbI2 i 15 ln, th phi thm bao nhiu mol KI vo trong 1 lt dung dch
bo ha PbI2?
4.Tch s ha tan ca Ag2SO4 bng 7.10-5. Tnh ha tan ca bc sulfat biu din bng mol/lit v g/lt/
5. ha tan ca canxi oxalat CaC2O4 trong dung dch mui amoni oxalat (NH4)2C2O4 0,05M s nh
hn trong nc nguyn cht bao nhiu ln, nu in ly biu kin ca amoni oxalat bng 70% v tch s
ha tan ca canxi oxalat bng 3,8.10-9 ?

6. Tnh xem c kt ta BaSO4 hay khng nu trn ln hai th tch bng nhau ca hai dung dch BaCl2
0,01M v CaSO4 bo ha. Cho bit tch s tan ca BaSO4 v CaSO4 ln lt bng 1,08.10-10 v 6,1.10-5 .
7. Mt dung dch acid HCOOH trong nc c pH = 3. Hy tnh nng mol/lt ca acid bit hng s
in ly ca n nhit kho st bng 2,1.10-4.
8. C to thnh kt ta Ag3PO4 hay khng khi :
a) Trn ln 1 th tch dung dch Na3PO4 0,005M vi 4 th tch AgNO3 0,005M
b) Trn ln 4 th tch dung dch Na3PO4 0,001M vi 1 th tch AgNO3 0,02M
Cho bit T(Ag3PO4) = 1,8.10-18.
9. Tnh nng CM ca dung dch HCOOH 95% acid ny khng b in ly. Cho bit 25 oC ,
K(HCOOH) = 1,77.10-4.
10. mt nhit T, dung dch acid HCN c nng 0,2M c hng s Ka = 4,9.10-10. Xc nh nng
H3O+ v in ly ?
11. Trn hai th tch bng nhau ca hai dung dch BaCl2 0,02M v Na2SO4 0,001M. Hi c kt ta
BaSO4 khng ? cho bit T(BaSO4) = 1,08.10-10.
12. Tnh nng OH- , pH v phn trm ion ha ca dung dch NH3 0,2M. Bit rng hng s baz ca
NH3 25oC l Kb = 1,8.10-5.
13. Xc nh nng Ba2+ cn thit bt u kt ta BaSO4 khi cho mui d tan BaCl2 dng tinh th
vo dung dch Na2SO4 1,5.10-3M. Cho bit nhit kho st, T(BaSO4) = 1,1.10-10.

BI TP CHNG VIII
1. Xc nh cc m, cc dng, vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra in cc v trong pin. Tnh
v hng s cn bng KC ca cc pin :
a) Mg/Mg2+//Al3+/Al
f) Pb/Pb2+//Cd2+/Cd
2+
2+
b) Mg/Mg //Fe /Fe
g) Cu/Cu2+//Cu2+, Cu+/Pt
c) Sn/Sn2+//2H+/H2(Pt)
h) Pt/Sn2+,Sn4+//Cr3+,Cr2+/Pt
+
3+
d) Ag/Ag //Au /Au
k) (Pt)H2/2H+//Cl-/Cl2(Pt)
e) Hg/Hg2+//Cu2+/Cu
i) Fe/Fe3+//Cl-/Cl2(Pt)
Bit :
o298(Mg2+/Mg) = -2,363 V
o298(Au3+/Au) = + 1,498 V
o298(Cd2+/Cd) = -0,403 V
o
3+
o
2+
298(Al /Al) = -1,662 V
298(Hg /Hg) = +0,854 V
o298(Cu2+/Cu+) = + 0,153 V
o298(Fe2+/Fe) = -0,44 V
o298(Cu2+/Cu) = +0,337 V
o298(Sn4+/Sn2+) = +0,15 V
o298(Sn2+/Sn) = -0,136 V
o298(Fe3+/Fe) = -0,036 V
o298(Cr3+/Cr2+) = -0,408 V
o
+
o
2+
298(Ag /Ag) = +0,799 V
298(Pb /Pb) = -0,126 V
o298(Cl2/Cl-) = +1,36 V

Eo298

2.
Cho cp oxi ha kh o298(Pb2+/Pb) = -0,126 V v o298(Cd2+/Cd) = -0,403 V. Khi trn hai
cp ny li vi nhau, vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Tnh sut in ng Eo298 v vit k hiu pin
tng ng vi phn ng va xc nh chiu.