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CHUYN : CC MY C N GIN
Ch : Rng rc
A- KIN THC CN NH:
1) Tc dng ca cc my c n gin l lm bin i lc:
Thay i hng ca lc (rng rc c nh)
Thay i ln ca lc (rng rc ng)
Thay i c hng v ln ca lc (n by, mt phng nghing)
2) nh lut v cng:
Khng mt my c n gin no cho ta li v cng. c li bao
nhiu ln v lc th thit by nhiu ln v ng i v ngc li.
3) Cng thc tnh hiu sut:
0
0
100
i
tp
A
H
A
=

B- BI TP:
Bi ton v rng rc

Bi Bi 1:
Dng h thng rng rc nh hnh v ko
vt i ln u c trng lng P = 100N.
a. Tnh lc ko dy.
b. nng vt ln cao 4m th phi ko dy
mt on bo nhiu ? Tnh cng dng
ko vt.


P
F

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Bi 2:
C h rng rc nh hnh v. Vt A c trng lng 4N,
mi rng rc c trng lng 1N. B qua ma st v khi
lng ca cc dy treo.
a. Hi vi h thng trn c th nng vt B c trng
lng bao nhiu n i ln u.
b. Tnh hiu sut ca h rng rc.
c. Tnh lc ko xung tc dng vo 2 rng rc c nh
v lc tc dng vo gi treo.


Bi 3:
C h rng rc nh hnh v. Vt A v B c
trng lng ln lt l 16N v 4,5N. B qua ma st
v khi lng dy. Xem trng lng ca cc rng
rc l khng ng k.
a. Vt A i ln hay i xung.
b. Mun vt A chuyn ng u i ln 4 cm th
vt B phi c trng lng t nht l bao nhiu
v di chuyn bao nhiu?
c. Tnh hiu sut ca h rng rc ny.



Bi 4:
Xc nh hiu sut ca h thng 3 rng rc hnh bn. Bit hiu sut ca mi
rng rc l 0,9. Nu ko mt vt trng lng 10N ln cao 1 m th cng thng
ma st l bao nhiu ?






A
P
F
1 2
3
B
A
B

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Bi 5:
Mt ngi c trng lng P = 600N ng trn tm
vn c treo vo hai rng rc nh hnh v. h thng
cn bng, ngi phi ko dy, lc lc tc dng vo
trc rng rc c nh l F = 720N. Tnh:
a. Lc do ngi nn ln tm vn.
b. Trng lng ca tm vn.
c. B qua ma st v khi lng ca cc rng rc. C
th xem h thng trn l mt vt duy nht.


Bi 6:
a mt vt c khi lng 50 kg ln cao 10 m, ngi th nht dng h
thng rng rc nh hnh (a), ngi th hai dng h thng rng rc nh hnh (b).
Bit khi lng ca mi rng rc l 1 kg v lc cn khi ko dy mi h thng
u bng 10N.
a. Hy so snh on dy cn ko v cng thc hin trong hai trng hp .
b. Tnh hiu sut ca mi h thng rng rc.








Bi 7:
Cho hnh v, AB l mt thanh ng cht c khi lng 2 kg ang trng thi
cn bng. Mi rng rc c khi lng 0,5 kg. Bit u A c gn vo mt bn l,
m
B
= 5,5 kg, m
C
= 10 kg v AC = 20 cm, ta thy thanh AB cn bng. Tm di ca
thanh AB.

P
P
Hnh a
F
k

F
k
Hnh b

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Bi 8:
Cho h thng nh hnh v. Bit khi lng ca mi rng rc, vt m
1
v vt
m
2
ln lt l 0,2 kg; 6 kg v 4 kg. AB = 3BC, b qua ma st v khi lng ca
cc dy ni. Hi h thng c cn bng khng ? Ti sao?









Bi 9:
ko nc t di ging su ln c d dng, ngi ta s dng h
thng rng rc nh hnh v. Bit O, O' l hai trc quay c nh, mi rng r c
bn knh r = 10 cm, tay quay OA di 50 cm. Trng lng ca mt gu nc l P
= 100N.
a. Tay quay OA nm ngang, tnh ln ca lc ko F
k
tc dng ln tay
quay gi cho gu nc ng yn. Dng h thng ny ta c li bao
nhiu ln v lc ? B qua khi lng ca dy ni v cc lc cn.
b. Ngi lm vic lin tc trong na gi th ko c bao nhiu m
3
v
cng cn thc hin l bao nhiu ? Bit mi ln ko c mt gu nc th
mt 1 pht, h = 10m, khi lng ring ca nc l D = 1000 kg/m
3
v
ln ca lc ko coi nh khng i.


m
B

A C
B
m
C

m
1

m
2

A C
B

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Bi 10:
Cho s nh hnh v. Bit:
Mt phng nghing c l = 60 cm, h = 30 cm. Thanh AB ng cht tit din u
c khi lng 0,2 kg v
2
5
OA AB = , m
2
= 0,5 kg.
Hi m
1
bng bao nhiu h thng cn bng. B qua ma st v khi lng ca
dy ni.









Bi 11:
a mt vt c khi lng 270 kg ln cao 18 m ngi ta dng mt rng
rc ng v mt rng rc c nh vi lc ko c ln l 1500N. Tnh:
a. Hiu sut ca h thng rng rc.
b. ln ca lc cn v khi lng ca rng rc ng. Bit cng hao ph
nng rng rc ng bng
1
5
cng hao ph do ma st.
Ht
m
1

l
h
B A
O
A
O'
O
h

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Li gii
Bi 1:
a. Ta phn tch lc tc dng vo h thng.
vt cn bng ta phi c:
50
2
P
F N = =
b. Khi vt nng ln mt on h = 4 m th
dy phi rt ngn mt on s = 2h = 8m.
Cng dng ko vt:
A = F.s = 50.8 = 400 J



Bi 2:
a. P
B
= 14N;
Vy h thng c th nng vt P
B
= 14N ln u.
b. Khi vt B i ln mt on h th 2 rng rc ng cng i ln mt on h v vt
A i xung 1 on 4h.
Cng c ch l cng nng vt B:
A
i
= P
B
. h = 14h
Cng ton phn l cng ca vt A thc hin c:
A
t
= P
A
. 4h = 16h
v hiu sut ca h thng:
0 0 0
0 0 0
14
100 100 87, 5
16
i
t
A h
H
A h
= = =
c. Lc tc dng vo mi trc rng rc c nh l:
2F + P = 2. P
A
+ P = 9N
Lc tc dng vo gi treo gm hai lc ca mi trc rng rc c nh tc dng vo
gi v u dy treo vo gi:
2 . 9 + F = 18 + P
A
= 22N


P
F
F F
A
B
P
A

P
B

P P
F
F F
F
F

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Bi 3:
a. Nu A cn bng th do trng lng vt A l P
A
= 16N
nn lc cng ca dy th nht
1
8
2
A
P
F N = = , lc cng
ca dy th hai l
1
2
4
2
F
F N = =
- Theo bi, vt B c trng lng P
B
= 4,5N > F
2
= 4N
nn B i xung, cn vt A i ln.
b. Khi vt B c trng lng l
'
4
B
P N = th lc ko xung
ca trng lc cn bng vi lc F
2
ko vt B ln.
Nu lc u A v B ng yn th ta c th kch thch A
chuyn ng u i ln, cn B chuyn ng u i xung.
- Ta thy ko vt A c trng lng P
A
= 16N i ln ch
cn c trng lng
'
4
B
P N = . Nh vy tnh v lc th li
4 ln nn phi thit 4 ln v ng i.Do vt B phi
i xung 16 cm.
Tht vy, khi A i xung mt on h, dy th nht (I) b
rt ngn mt on 2h, dy thu hai (II) b rt ngn mt
on 4h.
Khi rng rc (1) i ln 4 cm (cng vi a) th rng rc (2)
phi i ln 8 cm nn B phi i xung 16 cm.




Bi 4:
V h gm cc rng rc c nh nn khng cho ta li v lc. Hiu sut mi rng rc
l:
P P
H F
F H
= =
Gi F
1
, F
2
, F l lc ko cc rng rc 1,2 v 3 ta c:
1
P
F
H
= ;
1
2 2
F P
F
H H
= = ;
2
3
F P
F
H H
= =
Vy hiu sut ca h rng rc l:
' 3
0, 73
P
H H
F
= = ~
Khi nng vt P, cng c ch: A
i
= P.h = 10 J
B
1
2
3
(I) (II)
F
1

F
2

F
3

A
P
F
1
2
3
F
1

F
2


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Cng ton phn: A = A
i
+ A
x
= 10 + A
x

vi A
x
l cng thng ma st.
'
10
0, 73
10
i
x
A
A
A A
= =
+

Gii ra ta c A
x
= 3,7 J

Bi 5:
a) Gi T l lc cng dy rng rc ng,
'
T l
lc cng dy rng rc c nh. Ta c:
'
2 T T = ; F = 2T
'
= 4T
720
180
4 4
F N
T N = = =
Gi Q l lc ngi nn ln vn, ta c:
Q = P - T = 600N - 180N = 420N
b) Gi P
'
l trng lng tm vn, coi h thng
trn l mt vt duy nht v do h thng cn
bng, ta c:
T
'
+ T = P
'
+ Q
Suy ra: 3T = P + Q P
'
= 3T - Q
P
'
= 3.180 - 420 = 120N
Vy lc ngi nn ln tm vn l 420N v tm
vn c trng lng 120 N.


Bi 6:
a. Hai h thng rng rc hnh (a) v hnh (b) u b thit 4 ln v ng i cho
nn u phi ko on dy di:
s
1
= s
2
= s = 4.10 = 40 (m)
Hnh a:
Lc ko:
1
2. 10(50 2.1)
10
4 4
RR
k C
P P
F F
+ +
= + = +
F
k1
= 140N
Cng thc hin ko vt ln:
P
'

P
T
'
T
T
Q
T
'

T
'

F

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A
1
= F
k1
. s = 140 x 4 = 5600 (J)
Hnh b:
Lc ko:
2
10.(50 1)
10.1
2 2
10
2 2
RR
RR
k C
P P
P
F F
+ +
+ +
= + = +
F
k2
= 142,5 (N)
Cng thc hin ko vt ln:
A
2
= F
k2
. s =142,5 x 40 = 5700 (J)
A
2
- A
1
= 5700 - 5600 = 100 (J)
Vy ngi th hai cn phi thc hin mt cng ln hn v ln hn 100 J.
b. Hiu sut ca mi h thng l:
Cng c ch l: A = P.h = 50.10.10 = 5000 (J)
Vy:
0
0 1
1
5000
89, 3
5600
ci
A
H
A
= = ~
0
0 2
2
5000
87, 7
5700
ci
A
H
A
= = ~

Bi 7:
Da vo hnh v ta c lc tc dng vo u B
l:
10.(5, 5 0, 5)
30 ( )
2 2
B RR
P P
F N
+ +
= = =

Khi thanh AB thng bng ta c:
P
C
. AC + P
AB
. AG = P
B
. AB
M
2
AB
AG =
(G l trng tm ca AB)
10.10.0, 2 10.2. 30.
2
AB
AB + =
20 + 10.AB = 30.AB
20.AB = 20 AB = 1(m).



m
B

A C
B
m
C

G
P
AB

P
C
P
B
T
F
B
T

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Bi 8:
Gi s khi thay m
2
bng
'
2
m sao cho h thng cn bng.
Khi h thng cn bng th:
F.AB = P
1
.BC
3.FC.BC = P
1
.BC nn 3.F = P
1

M ta c:
2
2
RR
P P
F T
+
= =
2
1
3.
2
RR
P P
P
+
=
1,5.P
2
+ 1,5.P
RR
= P
1

1
2
60
2 38( )
1, 5 1, 5
RR
P
P P N = = =

'
2
3,8( ) m kg =
Ta thy
'
2
3,8 m kg = < m
2
= 4kg. Vykhi treo m
2
= 4 kg vo rng rc th h thng khng
cn bng m vt m
1
s chuyn ng ln trn cn m
2
s chuyn ng xung di.

Bi 9:
a) Tnh lc ko F
k
gi cho gu nc ng yn.
c li v lc th phng ca F
k
phi vung gc vi OA.
Khi gu nc ng yn ta c:
10
. . 100 20( )
50
k k
r
F OA P r F P N
OA
= = = =
b) Lng nc ko trong 30 pht: P
'
= P.30 = 100.30 = 3000 (N)
'
3
3000
0, 3( )
10. 10.1000
P
V m
D
= = =
V b qua ma st nn cng thc hin l:
A = P
'
.h = 3000.10 =30000(J)

m
1

m
2

A C
B
T
F
P
1

P
2


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Bi 10:
Ta biu din cc lc nh hnh v.
Theo bi ta c:
2
5
OA AB =
3
5
0, 6.
OB AB
OB AB
=
=

G l trng tm:
GA = GB = 0,5.AB
Thanh AB ta xem nh l mt n by c im ta ti B.
Khi h thng cn bng th:
F.l = P
1
.h
1
. P h
F
l
= (1)
2
2
. . .
. .
AB
AB
F AB P OB P GB
P OB P GB
F
AB
= +
+
=

2
.(0, 6. , 5. )
AB
AB P O P
F
AB
+
=
F = 0,6.P
2
+ 0,5. P
AB
(2)
T (1) v (2) ta c:
1
2
.
0, 6. 0, 5.
AB
P h
P P
l
= +
2
1
(0, 6. 0, 5. ). (0, 6.5 0, 5.2).0, 6
8( )
0, 3
AB
P P l
P N
h
+ +
= = =
Vy m
1
= 0,8 kg


Bi 11:
a) Hiu sut ca h rng rc:
Cng c ch:
A
ci
= P.h = 270.10.18 = 48600 (J)
Cng ton phn:
m
1

l
h
B A
O
F
P
2

F
A

P
1

G

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A
tp
= F.2.h = 1500.2.18 = 54000 (J)
Vy hiu sut:
0
0
48600
90
54000
ci
tp
A
H
A
= = =
b) Khi lng ca rng rc:
Cng hao ph:
A
hp
= A
tp
- A
ci
= 54000 - 48600 = 5400 (J)
Cng nng rng rc ng gp hai ln cng do ma st nn ln lc cn v
lc nng rng rc l:
5 5
5400 4500( )
6 6
c hp
A A J = = =
4500
125( )
2.18
c
c
A
F N
s
= = =
A
NRR
= A
hp
- A
c
= 5400 - 4500 = 900 (J)
M:
900
25( )
2.18
NRR
NRR
A
F N
s
= = =
2. 2.25 50( )
RR NRR
P F N = = =
Vy rng rc c khi lng: m
RR
= 5 kg