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S GIO DC V O TO
im ton bi thi
Bng s
Bng ch
Cc gim kho
(H tn v ch k)
S phch
(Ch tch Hi ng thi ghi)
Gim kho 1:
Gim kho 2:
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 36. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t X nhiu hn trong nguyn t
Y l 10. S khi ca X ln hn s khi ca Y l 7. Xc nh tn hp cht X2Y2.
Li gii
im
Cu 2. (5 im) Mui NaCl kt tinh theo mng lp phng tm din. mng c s c di mi cnh l
0
5,58 A . Cho bn knh ca Cl- l 1,81 A . Tnh bn knh ca ion Na+ v khi lng ring ca tinh th NaCl
(g/cm3).
Li gii
im
Cu 3. (5 im) Nguyn t R l phi kim thuc nhm A trong bng tun hon. T l gia thnh phn phn trm
nguyn t R trong oxit cao nht vi thnh phn phn trm nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro l
73
.
183
a. Xc nh nguyn t R.
b. Cho vo bnh kn 0,15 mol n cht ca R v 7 gam bt st. Nung nng phn ng xy ra hon
ton, ngui ri cho nc vo, khuy u cc cht tan c tan hon ton ta thu c 2 lt dung dch X.
Tnh nng mol ca cht tan trong dung dch X.
Li gii
im
Cu 4 (5 im) Trn 10 ml dung dch H2SO4 10-3M vi 40 ml dung dch axit tactric H2C4H4O6 2.10-3M thu
K
= 101,99 ,
Cu 5. (5 im) Cho cn bng sau: N 2O 4(k ) 2NO 2(k ) , Kp = 4 atm ( 1000C). Tnh thnh phn phn trm
s mol ca hn hp khi p sut chung ca h ln lt l 4 atm v 25 atm. T hy rt ra kt lun v nh
hng ca p sut n s chuyn dch cn bng.
Li gii
im
Cu 6. (5 im) Khi phn tch mt loi khong cht ngi ta thy trong khong cha 0,257g kim loi
206
238
238
206
9
82 Pb v 1g kim loi 92 U. Thi gian bn r ca 92 U n 82 Pb l 4,5.10 nm. Gi thit khong cht ban
u khng c ch, trong qu trnh phng x ch xy ra phn r v -.
a. Tnh s ln phn r v -.
b. Xc nh tui ca khong vt trn.
Li gii
im
Cu 7. (5 im)
1. Hy chng minh rng ( 250C) Ag c kh nng y c H2 ra khi dung dch HI 1M. Bit tch s
0
tan ca AgI = 8,3.10-17 ; E Ag+ /Ag = 0,8V.
2. Ngi ta thit lp mt pin gm hai na pin sau : Zn | Zn(NO3)2 0,1M v Cu | CuSO4 0,1M c th
chun tng ng l -0,76V v 0,34V. Tnh sut in ng ca pin.
Li gii
im
Cu 8. (5 im) Dng 16,8 lt khng kh ktc (20% O 2 v 80% N2 v th tch) t chy hon ton 3,21
gam hn hp A gm hai aminoaxit no, mch h, phn t c mt nhm cacboxyl, mt nhm amino k tip
nhau trong dy ng ng. Hn hp thu c sau phn ng em lm kh c hn hp kh B, cho B i qua
dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng dung dch gim 14,535 gam.
a. Tm cng thc cu to v khi lng ca hai aminoaxit.
b. Nu cho kh B vo bnh dung tch 16,8 lt, nhit 136,5 0C th p sut trong bnh l bao nhiu? Bit
rng khi t chy aminoaxit to kh N2.
Li gii
im
Cu 9. (5 im) Tnh hiu ng nhit ca phn ng sau 250C: CO(NH2)2(r) + H2O(l)
2NH3(k)
Bit trong cng iu kin c cc i lng nhit sau y:
CO (k) + H2O (h) CO2 (k) + H2 (k)
H1 = -41,13 kJ/mol
CO (k) + Cl2 (k) COCl2 (k)
H2 = -112,5 kJ/mol
COCl2 (k) + 2NH3 (k) CO(NH2)2(r) + 2HCl(k)
H3 = -201,0 kJ/mol
Nhit to thnh HCl (k)
H4 = -92,3 kJ/mol
Nhit ha hi ca H2O(l)
H5 = 44,01 kJ/mol
Li gii
CO2(k) +
im
Cu 10. (5 im) Cho 15,2 gam mt hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O vi 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M (va
) thu c dung dch Y, c cn Y c 23,6 gam hn hp cht rn khan Z. t chy hon ton Z ri cho
ton b sn phm kh ln lt qua bnh 1 cha H 2SO4 c, bnh 2 cha dung dch Ca(OH)2 thy bnh 1
khi lng tng 6,3 gam, cn bnh 2 thu c 55 gam kt ta. un nng phn dung dch cn li bnh 2
li thu c 5 gam kt ta na.
a. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X, bit cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht.
b. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, bit X khng cha nhm -COOH.
Li gii
im
X
Y
X
Y
2ZX + N X 2ZY N Y = 10
ZX + N X ZY N Y = 7
Z = 11
1,0
X
Z
=
8
Y
Hp cht : Na2O2
1,0
Tn gi : Natri peoxit.
1,0
Cu 2. (5 im) Mui NaCl kt tinh theo mng lp phng tm din. mng c s c di mi cnh l
0
0
5,58 A . Cho bn knh ca Cl- l 1,81 A . Tnh bn knh ca ion Na+ v khi lng ring ca NaCl (tinh th).
Li gii
im
S mng tinh th :
1,0
0,5
0,5
1,0
1,0
1,0
Cu 3. (5 im) Nguyn t R l phi kim thuc nhm A trong bng tun hon. T l gia thnh phn phn trm
nguyn t R trong oxit cao nht vi thnh phn phn trm nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro l
73
.
183
a. Xc nh nguyn t R.
b. Cho vo bnh kn 0,15 mol n cht ca R v 7 gam bt st. Nung nng phn ng xy ra hon
ton, ngui ri cho nc vo, khuy u cc cht tan c tan hon ton ta thu c 200ml dung dch
X. Tnh nng mol ca cht tan trong dung dch X,
Li gii
im
2R
a. Oxit: R2Ox %m R ( trong R 2Ox ) =
0,5
2R + 16x
R
Hp cht kh ca R vi hiro: H8-xR %m R ( trong H8x R ) =
0,5
R +8 x
Theo bi ra, ta c:
2R
R
73
767x 1464
:
=
R=
2R + 16x R + 8 x 183
110
x
4
5
6
7
R
14,58182
21,55454
28,52727
35,50000
1, 0
Kt lun
Loi
Loi
Loi
Tha mn
Nguyn t R l Cl.
1,0
b. nFe = 0,125 mol
Phn ng :
to
2Fe + 3Cl 2
2FeCl3
(1)
Mol : 0,1 0,15
0,1
Sau (1), nFe d = 0,025 mol.
Khi cho nc vo bnh, ta c phn ng
Fe + 2FeCl3 3FeCl 2 (2)
Mol: 0,025 0,05
Dung dch X gm:
0,075
1,0
0, 075
C M(FeCl2 ) =
= 0, 0375(M)
0, 05
FeCl3 : 0, 05 (mol)
C
= 0, 025M
M(FeCl3 ) =
1,0
Cu 4 (5 im) Trn 10 ml dung dch H2SO4 10-3M vi 40 ml dung dch axit tactric H2C4H4O6 2.10-3M thu
K a (HSO ) = 101,99 ,
4
c dung dch X, tnh pH ca X, bit
hng s phn li axit ca H2C4H4O6 l K1 = 10-3,04, K2
-4,37
= 10 .
Li gii
im
Sau khi trn:
0,5
10.103
C M(H2SO4 ) =
= 2.104 (M) = C1
10 + 40
40.2.103
0,5
C M(H2C4H 4O6 ) =
= 1, 6.103 (M) = C 2
10 + 40
Axit tactric c dng H2A.
Ta c cc qu trnh sau:
H 2SO 4 H + + HSO 4
HSO 4
H + + SO 42 (1)
K a = 10 1,99
H2A
H + + HA
(2)
K1 = 103,04
HA
H + + A 2
(3)
K 2 = 104,37
H 2 O H + + OH
(4) K w = 1014
V Ka.C1 K1.C2 K2.C2 >> Kw Ta c th b qua cn bng ca H2O.
Theo s bo ton in tch
h = [H + ]=[HSO 4 ] + 2[SO 42 ]+[HA ]+2[A 2 ]
h + 2K a
K h + 2K1K 2
2,0
C1 + 2 1
C 2
Ka + h
h + K 1 h + K1 K 2
Gn K1, K2, Ka, C1, C2 vo my, dng chc nng SOLVE gii vi gi tr h khong 10 -3, kt qu 2,0
thu c h = 1,13418.10-3 => pH = 2,94532.
h=
Cu 5. (5 im) Cho cn bng sau: N 2O 4(k ) 2NO 2(k ) Kp = 4atm ( 1000C). Tnh thnh phn phn trm s
mol ca hn hp khi p sut chung ca h ln lt l 4atm v 25 atm. T hy rt ra kt lun v nh
hng ca p sut n s chuyn dch cn bng.
Li gii
im
- Khi P = 4 atm, ta c :
2
PNO
2
K
=
=4
p
PNO2 = 2, 47214 (atm)
P
N 2O4
1,0
PN2O4 = 1,52786 (atm)
P + P
N 2O 4 = 4
NO2
2, 47214
.100% = 61,80350%
%n NO2 =
4
%n N O = 38,19650%
2 4
1,0
- Khi P = 25 atm
2
PNO
2
=4
PNO = 8,19804 (atm)
K p =
P
2
N 2O4
P + P
PN2 O4 = 16,85096(atm)
=
25
NO
N
O
2
2 4
1,0
8,19804
.100% = 32,59616%
%n NO2 =
25
%n N O = 67, 40384%
2 4
1,0
Nhn xt : Khi p sut tng t 4 atm n 25 atm th phn trm s mol NO2 gim t 61,80350%
xung cn 32,59616% => Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch.
Cu 6. (5 im) Khi phn tch mt loi khong cht ngi ta thy trong khong cha 0,257g
1,0
206
82
Pb v 1g
238
92
238
206
U. Thi gian bn r ca 92
U n 82
Pb l 4,5.109 nm. Gi thit khong cht ban u khng c ch,
trong qu trnh phng x ch xy ra phn r v -.
a. Tnh s ln phn r v -.
b. Xc nh tui ca khong vt trn.
Li gii
im
a. Gi x v y ln lt l s ln phn r v -. Ta c phng trnh sau
238
206
4
0
(1)
92 U 82 Pb + x 2 He + y 1e
238 = 206 + 4x
x = 8
92 = 82 + 2x y y = 6
2,0
238
238
b. Gi mt l khi lng 92 U cn li, mo l khi lng 92 U ban u.
Theo (1)
m 238 U phn r m 206 Pb
92
n 238 U phn r = n 206 Pb
= 82
92
82
238
206
m 206 Pb
m 238 U phn r = 82 238
92
206
m 206 Pb
m 238
= m 238 U phn r + m 238 U cn li = 82 238 + m 238 U cn li
92
92
92
u
206
92 U ban
Tui ca khong vt l
m 206 Pb
82
238 + m 238 U cn li
m o T1/2
1
92
206
t = ln
=
ln
m t ln 2
m 238 U cn li
1,0
1,0
92
1,0
0, 257
238 + 1
4,5.109
=
ln 206
= 1687914370 nm 1, 68791.109 nm
ln 2
1
Cu 7. (5 im)
1. 250C, kim loi Ag c kh nng y c H2 ra khi dung dch HI 1M khng ? Ti sao? Bit tch
0
s tan ca AgI = 8,3.10-17 ; E Ag + /Ag = 0,8V.
2. Ngi ta thit lp mt pin gm hai na pin sau : Zn | Zn(NO3)2 0,1M v Cu | CuSO4 0,1M c th
chun tng ng l -0,76V v 0,34V. Tnh sut in ng ca pin.
Li gii
im
RT
1. E 0AgI/Ag = E 0Ag+ /Ag +
ln[Ag + ]
F
RT K s(AgI)
8,314.298 8,3.1017
0
1,0
= E Ag+ /Ag +
ln = 0,8 +
ln
= 0,15066V
F
[I ]
96500
1
0
0
1,0
=> E AgI/Ag < E H+ /H =0 Ag c th y c H2 ra khi dung dch HI.
2
2.
RT
8,314.298
ln[Zn 2+ ] = 0, 76 +
ln 0,1 = 0, 78956V
2F
2.96500
RT
8,314.298
E Cu 2+ /Cu = E 0Cu 2+ /Cu +
ln[Cu 2+ ] = 0,34 +
ln 0,1 = 0,31044V
2F
2.96500
E Zn 2+ /Zn < E Cu 2+ /Cu => Epin = E Zn 2+ / Zn E Cu 2+ /Cu = 0,31044 + 0,78956 = 1,10000V
E Zn 2+ /Zn = E 0Zn 2+ / Zn +
1,0
1,0
1,0
Cu 8. (5 im) Dng 16,8 lt khng kh ktc (20% O 2 v 80% N2 v th tch) t chy hon ton 3,21
gam hn hp A gm hai aminoaxit no, mch h, phn t c mt nhm cacboxyl, mt nhm amino k tip
nhau trong dy ng ng. Hn hp thu c sau phn ng em lm kh c hn hp kh B, cho B i qua
dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng dung dch gim 14,535 gam.
a. Tm cng thc cu to v khi lng ca hai aminoaxit.
b. Nu cho kh B vo bnh dung tch 16,8 lt, nhit 136,5 0C th p sut trong bnh l bao nhiu? Bit
rng khi t chy aminoaxit to kh N2.
Li gii
im
1 16,8
n O2 =
= 0,15(mol) n N2 = 4.0,15 = 0, 6(mol)
0,5
5 22, 4
t CTTB ca hai aminoaxit l
0,5
NH 2 C n H 2n COOH hay Cm H 2m +1 NO 2
6m 3
2m + 1
1
to
O 2
mCO 2 +
H 2 O + N 2 (1)
4
2
2
Hn hp kh B gm CO2, N2, O2 khi qua bnh Ba(OH)2 xy ra phn ng :
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O. Gi s mol CO2 l x mol.
m BaCO3 m CO2 = 14,535 197x 44x = 14,535
Cm H 2m +1 NO 2 +
0, 095
(mol)
m
3, 21.m
= 14m + 47 m = 2,375
0, 095
=> CTPT ca hai aminoaxit: C2H5NO2 v C3H7NO2.
=> CTCT ca hai aminoaxit: NH2 CH2 COOH v NH2 CH2 CH2 COOH
hoc NH2 CH2 COOH v NH2 CH(CH3) COOH
Gi s mol C2H5NO2 : x mol v C3H7NO2 : y mol
M a min oaxit =
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
2x + 3y = 0, 095
x = 0, 025
0, 095
x + y = 2,375 = 0, 04 y = 0, 015
0,5
0,5
(6.2,375 3)
0, 04
4
= 0,7525 (mol)
22, 4
0, 7525
(273 + 136,5)
nRT
273
P=
=
= 1,505(atm)
V
16,8
Cu 9. (5 im) Tnh hiu ng nhit phn ng 250C ca phn ng sau:
CO(NH2)2(r) + H2O(l) CO2(k) + 2NH3(k)
Bit trong cng iu kin c cc i lng nhit sau y:
CO (k) + H2O (h) CO2 (k) + H2 (k)
H1 = -41,13 kJ/mol
CO (k) + Cl2 (k) COCl2 (k)
H2 = -112,5 kJ/mol
COCl2 (k) + 2NH3 (k) CO(NH2)2(r) + 2HCl(k)
H3 = -201,0 kJ/mol
Nhit to thnh HCl (k)
H4 = -92,3 kJ/mol
Nhit ha hi ca H2O(l)
H5 = 44,01 kJ/mol
Li gii
H 2 O(l) H 2O(h)
H 5 = 44,1kJ
CO (k) + H 2O(h) CO 2 (k) + H 2 (k)
H1 = 41,13kJ
-H 2 = +112,5kJ
2H 4 = 2.92,3kJ
0,5
0,5
im
CO 2 + Ca(OH) 2 CaCO3 + H 2O
(1)
(2)
t
Ca(HCO3 ) 2
CaCO3 + CO 2 + H 2 O (3)
55
5
+ 2
= 0, 65(mol)
100
100
=> nC (trong X) = n Na 2CO3 + n CO2 = 0,15 + 0,65 = 0,8 (mol)
15, 2 0,8.12 0,8
= 0,3(mol)
=> nO (trong X) =
16
=> nC : nH : nO = 0,8 : 0,8 : 0,3 = 8 : 8 : 3 => CTPT l C8H8O3 (V CTPT trng vi CTGN).
15, 2
= 0,1(mol) n X : n NaOH = 1: 3 , X khng cha nhm COOH, khng c kh
b. n X =
152
nng tham gia phn ng trng bc => CTCT ca X c th l mt trong s cc cht sau:
n CO2 = n CaCO3 (1) + 2n CaCO3 (3) =
0,25
0,25
0,25
1,0
1,0
1,5