P N THI GIA K

Mn hc : m bo cht lng
Cu 1: L thuyt (4 im)
1. Cc li ch ca vic qun l v m bo cht lng sn phm i vi mt doanh
nghip (2 im):
Sn phm t cht lng cao v n nh, chi ph h, d tiu th trn th trng
Gip doanh nghip nng cao v ci thin trnh v cht lng v chnh
xc ca sn phm
Gip doanh nghip kim sot c s lng SP khuyt tt, t xc nh
nguyn nhn v cch khc phc li.
C th kim sot c s bin ng ca cht lng sn phm.
Nng cao lng t trng v uy tn ca doanh nghip i vi khch hng
Tng th trng, nng cao thu nhp ca doanh nghip
Gip khch hng c ci nhn lc quan i vi doanh nghip v thu ht khch
hng mi.
2. Lit k cc cng c c s dng trong qun l v m bo cht lng: (2 im)
Biu (Histograms)
Biu Pareto (Pareto Charts)
Biu nhn qu (Cause and Effect Diagrams)
Bng kim tra (Check sheet, checklist)
Biu quan h (Scatter Diagrams)
Biu qu trnh (Process Flow Charts)
Biu Kim sot qu trnh bng thng k (SPC)
Qun l cht lng ton din (TQM)
Vng trn Deming
Cu 2: Bi tp (6 im)
xc nh qu trnh c nm trong kim sot hay khng, ta s dng biu kim sot
qu trnh bng thng k. D liu c o thuc dng lin tc, do nh gi qu trnh
ta s dng dng biu kim sot bin: biu kim sot gi tr trung bnh v biu
kim sot khong.

Mu

1
2
3
4
5
6

Ln o
1
5.02
5.01
4.99
5.03
4.95
4.97

Ln o
2
5.01
5.03
5
4.91
4.92
5.06

Ln o
3
4.94
5.07
4.93
5.01
5.03
5.06

Ln o
4
4.99
4.95
4.92
4.98
5.05
4.96

Ln o
5
4.96
4.96
4.99
4.89
5.01
5.03

Gi tr
trung
bnh X
4.98
5.00
4.97
4.96
4.99
5.01

Gi tr
khong
R
0.08
0.12
0.08
0.14
0.13
0.10

7
8
9
10

5.05
5.09
5.14
5.01

5.01
5.1
5.1
4.98

5.1
5
4.99
5.08

4.96
4.99
5.08
5.07

4.99
5.08
5.09
4.99
Tng:
Gi tr trung bnh:

5.02
5.05
5.08
5.03
50.09
5.01

0.14
0.11
0.15
0.10
1.15
0.115

S lng mu o: m = 10
Kch thc 1 mu: n = 5
Gi tr trung bnh ca trung bnh cc mu:
m

X =

X
i =1

50.09
= 5.01cm
10

Cc gi tr gii hn kim sot ca gi tr trung bnh:

UCLX = X + A2 R = 5.01 + (0.58)(0.115) = 5.08

(vi n = 5, tra bng ta c A2 = 0.58)

LCL X = X - A2 R = 5.01 - (0.58)(0.115) = 4.94

Gi tr trung bnh khong:

m

1.15
= 0.115cm
m
10
Cc gi tr gii hn kim sot ca khong:
(vi n = 5, tra bng ta c D4 = 2.11)
UCLR = D4 R = 2.11(0.115) = 0.243
R=

i =1

LCLR = D3 R = 0(0.115) = 0

(vi n = 5, tra bng ta c D3 = 0)

Xy dng biu kim sot gi tr X trung bnh (hnh 1) v biu kim sot khong
R (hnh 2) nh sau:

Trung bnh X

UCL = 5.08

= = 5.01
x

LCL = 4.94

|
1

|
2

|
3

|
4

|
|
5
6
S mu

|
7

|
8

|
9

|
10

Hnh 1: Biu kim sot gi tr X trung bnh

Khong R

UCLR = 0.243

R = 0.115

LCLR = 0
|

10

S mu
Hnh 2: Biu kim sot khong R

Nhn xt: (2 im)

- Biu kim sot khong (hnh 2) cho thy qu trnh n nh,
khong bin thin ca qu trnh nm trong gii hn kim sot.
- Biu kim sot gi tr trung bnh (hnh 1) cho thy gi tr
trung bnh qu trnh nm trong gii hn kim sot. Tuy nhin
kch thc ng knh trung bnh ca 6 mu lin tip (t mu 4
n 9) c xu hng tng, c bit gi tr trung bnh ca mu 9 t
ti gii hn kim sot trn.
- Cc nguyn nhn mang tnh cht h thng c th nh hng n
s phn tn kch thc trung bnh qu trnh, v d:
1. mi mn dng c ct,
2. g t chi tit hay g t dng c ct khng chnh xc,
3. o kim khng chnh xc
4. phi khng chnh xc
5. khng chnh xc ca my, g