CHUYN : S IN LI 2011

DNG 1: VIT PHNG TRNH IN LI.

Phng php:

- Phi xt cht in li l mnh hay yu, nu mnh dng du , yu dng du - Kim loi v Hir thng mang in tch dng, phn cn li mang in tch m. - Tng s in tch hai v ca phng trnh in li phi bng nhau. - Axit yu, baz th vit tng nc. - Mui axit th vit 2 giai on Bi 1: Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau y: a. H2SO4 , HNO3 , H2S, HCl, HClO4 ,CH3COOH.
b. NaOH, KOH,Ca(OH)2 , Ba(OH) 2 . c. NaCl,CuCl2 , Al2 (SO4 )3 , FeCl3 , Mg(NO3 )2 , K 2S, Na 2SO4 , K 2CO3 ,[Ag(NH3)2]Cl, [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 d. NaClO, KClO3 , NaHSO4 , NH4Cl,CaCl2 , NaClO2 , NaHS, Fe2 (SO4 )3 , Na 3PO4 , Na 2 HPO4 e. H2CO3 , H2SO3 , H3PO4 , H2C2O4 .

DNG 2: TNH NNG MOL ION

Phng php: Bc 1: Vit PT in li. Bc 2: Tm s mol phn t hoc mol ion. Bc 3: p dng cng thc tm nng mol cc ion. Bi 1:Tm nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch. Bit trong 1,5 lt dung dch c ha tan 68,4 gam Al2(SO4)3. Bi 2: Ha tan 34,2 gam Ba(OH)2 vo nc c 500 ml dung dch. a. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch. b. Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 0,2M cn trung ha hon ton dung dch trn. Bi 3: Ngi ta ha tan 24 gam MgSO4 vo nc c 800 ml dung dch. a. Tnh nng mol ca MgSO4 v ca cc ion c trong dung dch. b. Tnh th tch dung dch KOH 0,5M cn lm kt ta ht ion Mg2+. c. Tnh th tch dung dch BaCl2 0,5M cn lm kt ta ht ion SO24 . Bi 4: Ngi ta ha tan 80,5 gam ZnSO4 vo nc c 1500 ml dung dch. a. Tnh nng mol ca ZnSO4 v ca cc ion c trong dung dch. b. Tnh th tch dung dch Na2S 0,5M cn lm kt ta ht ion Zn2+. c. Tnh th tch dung dch BaCl2 0,8M cn lm kt ta ht ion SO24 . Bi 5: Trn ln 150 ml dung dch CaCl2 0,5M vi 50 ml dung dch NaCl 2M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c. Bi 6: Trn ln 150 ml dung dch K2SO4 0,5M vi 150 ml dung dch Na2SO4 2M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c. Bi 7: Trn ln 150 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,5M vi 350 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c.

DNG 3: AXIT BAZ (PHN NG TRUNG HA)

Phng php: Phn ng gia mt axit mnh vi mt baz mnh hoc hn hp nhiu axit mnh phn ng vi hn hp nhiu baz mnh th u c chung mt phng trnh ion rt gn l:

H+ + OH- H 2O
Bi 8: Trn ln 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M th thu c dung dch D. a. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch D. b. Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 1M trung ha hon ton dung dch D. Bi 9: Trn ln 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M vi 300 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M th thu c dung dch D. a. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch D. b. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M trung ha hon ton dung dch D. Bi 10: Trn ln 300 ml dung dch KOH 1M vi 700 ml dung dch HI 1,5M th thu c dung dch D. a. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch D. b. Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 1,5M trung ha hon ton dung dch D. Bi 11: Dung dch X cha hn hp 2 axit HCl 0,4M v H2SO4 0,1 M. Dung dch Y cha hn hp 2 hiroxit KOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Tnh th tch dung dch Y cn dng trung ho 200ml dung dch X v khi lng kt ta thu c.
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Bi 12: trung ho 50 ml hn hp X gm HCl v H2SO4 cn dng 20 ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho thu c 0,381 gam mui khan. a) Xc nh nng mol ca cc axit trong X. b) Tnh pH ca dung dch X.

DNG 4: TNH pH CA DUNG DCH

Phng php: - Nu dung dch axit th tnh ngay [H+], cn dung dch baz th tnh [OH-] ri mi tnh [H+]= - Nu trn ln nhiu axit vi nhiu baz th tnh
+ -

OH

10-14 [OH - ] sau da vo pt: H+ + OH- H2O . So snh

xem H hay OH d, ri tnh nng lng ny (quyt nh n pH ca dung dch ). - V dung dch sau khi trn bng tng cc V . - T [H+] = 10-a => pH = a hoc pH = - lg[H+]. Bi 13: Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau: HNO3 0,001M; Ba(OH)2 0,025M. Bi 14: Ha tan 2,24 ml kh HCl vo nc thu c 100 ml dung dch HCl. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 15: Trn 15 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vi 50 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c v pH ca dung dch . Bi 16: Trn ln 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,5M thu c dung dch D. a/ Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch v pH ca dung dch. b/ Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M trung ha dung dch D. Bi 17: Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ v pH ca dung dch. Bit trong 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 c ha tan 0,49 g H2SO4. Bi 18: Trn 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,12M vi 50 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c v pH ca dung dch . Bi 19: Trn 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,25M vi 300 ml dung dch cha NaOH 0,15M v KOH 0,1M. tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 20: (HA- 2004). Cho 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,75M vo 160 ml dung dch cha ng thi Ba(OH) 2 0,08M v KOH 0,04M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 21: (CA-2005).Trn 10 g dung dch HCl 7,3% vi 20 g H2SO4 4,9% ri thm nc c 100 ml dung dch A. tnh nng mol ca ion H+ v pH ca dung dch A. Bi 22: Trn 1 lit dung dch H2SO4 0,15M vi 2 lit dung dch KOH 0,165M thu c dung dch E. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 23: (CA-2006). Cho dung dch A l hn hp: H2SO4 2.10-4M v HCl 6.10-4M. Cho dung dch B l hn hp: NaOH 3.10-4M v Ca(OH)2 3,5.10-4M. a/ Tnh pH ca dung dch A v dung dch B. b/ Trn 300 ml dung dch A vi 200 ml dung dch B c dung dch C. Tnh pH ca dung dch C. Bi 24: (CB-SP TPHCM 2006).A l dung dch HCl 0,2M; B l dung dch H2SO4 0,1M. Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca A v B c dung dch X. tnh pH ca dung dch X. Bi 25:Trn 300 ml dd HCl 0,5M vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 b mol/l thu c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 1.Tnh gi tr b. Bi 26: (HQG TPHCM 2001).Trn 250 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,01M v KOH 0,02M vi 250 ml dung dch H2SO4 a mol/l thu c b g kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 2. Tnh a, b. Bi 27: (CA-SP k Lk 2006). Cho 200 ml dung dch HNO3 1M vo 600 ml dung dch cha ng thi NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)2 0,1M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 28: (H Quy Nhn 2001). Trn 250 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 1M vi 350 ml dung dch HNO3 1M v HCl 2M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi 29: Ha tan 6,3 g HNO3 vo nc c 500 ml dung dch A. a/ Tnh pH ca dung dch A. b/ Tnh th tch dung dch KOH 2M trung ha dung dch A. c/ 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo dung dch A th pH bin i nh th no? Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton. Bi 30: (HA-2007): Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H2SO4 0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l A. 1. B. 6. C. 7. D. 2. Bi 31: ( HA-2008):Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03 M c 2V ml dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH l A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
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Bi 32: ( HB-2008) : Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO3 vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH nng a + -14 (mol/l) thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a l (bit trong mi dung dch [H ][OH ] = 10 ) A. 0,15. B. 0,30. C. 0,03. D. 0,12. Bi 33: (HB-2009): Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l A. 13,0. B. 1,2. C. 1,0. D. 12,8.

DNG 5: PHN NG TRAO I ION

phng php: - iu kin: sn phm ca phn ng c cht kt ta, cht bay hi hoc cht in li yu. - Trong dung dch, tng in tch dng lun lun bng tng in tch m. - iu kin cc ion tn ti trong cng 1 dung dch l cc ion phi khng phn ng vi nhau to cht kt ta, cht bay hi, cht in li yu. 1/ Trn nhng cht sau y, trng hp no xy ra phn ng? Vit phng trnh phn t, phng trnh ion v ion thu gn. 1/ BaCl2 v H2SO4. 8/ K2CO3 v HCl. 15/ Fe2(SO4)3 v NaOH 2/ BaCl2 v NaOH. 9/ Na2S v CuSO4 16/ CH3COONa v HCl 3/ NaCl v AgNO3. 10/ Al(OH)3 v HCl 17/ (NH4)2SO4 v Ba(OH)2 4/ FeCl2 v NaOH. 11/Zn(OH)2v HNO3 18/ NH4Cl v Ba(OH)2 5/ Na2S v HCl. 12/Zn(OH)2v NaOH 19/ Ba(NO3)2 v CuSO4 6/ Na2SO3 v HNO3. 13/ CaCl2 v AgNO3 20/ Al(OH)3 v NaOH. 7/ CuS v HCl. 14/ Pb(NO3)2 v Al2(SO4)3 2/ B tc cc phn ng sau ri vit di dng ion v ion thu gn. a/ BaCl2 + ? BaCO3 + ? e/ Ba(NO3)2 + ? BaSO4 + ? b/ FeS + ? FeSO4 + ? f/ ZnCl2 + ? AgCl + ? c/ Na2CO3 + ? NaCl + ? g/ ZnSO4 + ? ZnS + ? d/ AgNO3 + ? AgCl + ? h/ FeCl2 + ? Fe(OH)2 + ? 3/ Vit phng trnh phn t ca cc phn ng c phng trnh ion thu gn sau.
a/S2- +2 H+ H2S

i/ AgNO3 + ? Ag2CO3 + ? j/ Ba(NO3)2 + ? BaCO3 + ? k/ CaCO3+?CaCl2 + ? +? l/ FeCl3 + ? Fe(OH)3+ ?

g/Cu 2+ +2OH- Cu(OH)2

d/Ba 2+ +SO24 BaSO4

e/Ag+ +Cl- AgCl f/H+ +OH- H2O

b/Fe3+ +3OH- Fe(OH)3 c/Mg2+ +2OH- Mg(OH)2

- ,OHa/K + ,Cu 2+ ,Cl- ,NO3

i/ Pb2+ + S2- PbS

2- CO +H O h/2H+ +CO3 2 2

4/ Trong dung dch c th tn ti ng thi cc ion sau y c khng. Gii thch?

2- ,Cld/Ag+ ,K + ,Ca 2+ ,NO3 e/Na + ,NH+ 4 ,OH ,NH3
- f/Na + ,K+ ,NH+ 4 ,NO3 ,Cl - ,OHb/K+ ,Na + ,Ba 2+ ,Cl- ,NO3

g/Ca 2+ ,Ba 2+ ,Cl- ,OH2+ h/K+ ,NH+ 4 ,Ba ,Cl ,NO3,OH

2- ,Cl- ,OHc/Na + ,Ca 2+ ,Ba 2+ ,CO3

DNG 6: P DNG NH LUT BO TON IN TCH.

phng php: - Trong mt dung dch: -

s mol in tch dng =

s mol in tch m

Khi c cn mt dung dch mui: khi lng mui = khi lng cation (ion dng) + khi lng anion (ion m)

5. Mt dung dch cha a mol Na+, b mol Ca2+, c mol HCO 3 v d mol Cl- . Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d v cng thc tng khi lng mui trong dung dch. 6. Trong mt dung dch c cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl-, d mol SO 2 4 . a) Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d. b) Nu a = 0,1 ; c = 0,1 ; d = 0,3 th b bng bao nhiu ? T kt qu ny hy tnh tng khi lng cc mui c trong dung dch. 7. Mt dung dch c cha 2 loi cation Fe2+(0,1 mol) v Al3+(0,2 mol) cng 2 loi anion l Cl- (x mol) v SO 2 4 (y mol). Tnh x ,y . Bit rng khi c cn dung dch v lm khan thu c 46,9 gam cht kt ta.

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8. Mt dung dch cha x mol Cu2+, y mol K+; 0,03 mol Cl- v 0,02 mol SO 2 4 . Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Hy xc nh gi tr x v y. 9. Trong 200ml dung dch A c cha 0,2 mol ion Na+, 0,6 mol NH4+, 0,4mol H+, 0,2mol Cl-, 0,5 mol SO42-. Dung dch B cha hn hp hai hiroxit KOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 2M. Cho 300ml dung dch B vo dung dch A, un nh. Tnh khi lng dung dch gim sau phn ng. 2 2 10. Hy xc nh tng khi lng ca cc mui c trong dung dch A cha cc ion Na+, NH 4 , SO 4 , CO 3 . Bit rng : - Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d v un nng thu c 0,34 gam kh c th lm xanh giy qu m v 4,3 gam kt ta. - Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 d th thu c 0,224 lt kh (ktc). 2 2 12. Dung dch A cha cc ion Na+, NH 4 , SO 4 , CO 3 . a) Dung dch A trn c th iu ch t hai mui trung ho no ? b) Chia dung dch A lm hai phn bng nhau : - Phn th nht cho tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d ,un nng ta thu c 4,3 gam kt ta X v 470,4 ml kh Y 13,5oC v 1 atm. - Phn th hai cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 235,2 ml kh 13,5oC v 1 atm. Tnh tng khi lng cc mui trong dung dch A. 13. C hai dung dch, dung dch A v dung dch B. Mi dung dch ch cha 2 loi cation v 2 loi anion trong s cc ion 2 + sau : K+(0,15 mol) ; Mg2+(0,1 mol) ; NH 4 (0,25 mol) ; H (0,2 mol) ; Cl (0,1 mol); SO 4 (0.075 mol) ; NO 3 (0,25 mol) ;
2 CO 3 (0,15 mol). Xc nh dung dch A v dung dch B. 2 + 14. Dung dch A cha a mol K+ , b mol NH 4 , c mol HCO 3 , d mol SO 4 (khng k ion H v OH ca nc). Cho thm (c+d+e) mol Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch A thu c dung dch X , kh Y v kt ta Z. Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton. Tm biu thc lin h a, b, c, d, e trong dung dch A v dung dch X. 15. Mt dung dch cha a mol NaHCO3 v b mol Na2CO3 . a) Khi thm (a+b) mol BaCl2 hoc (a+b) mol Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch trn th khi lng kt ta thu c trong hai trng hp c bng nhau khng ? Gii thch . Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton. b) Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c trong trng hp a = 0,1 mol v b = 0,2 mol. 16. a) Mt dung dch A cha 0,03 mol Ca2+; 0,06 mol Al3+; 0,06 mol NO 3 ; 0,09 mol SO 2 4 . Mun c dung dch ny th phi ho tan hai mui no vo nc ? Gii thch. b) Kt qu xc nh nng mol ca cc ion trong mt dung dch nh sau: [Na+] = 0,05 ; [Ca2+] = 0,01 ; [NO 3 ]=

0,01 ; [Cl-] = 0,04 ; [HCO 3 ] = 0,025. Kt qu trn ng hay sai ? V sao? 17.(CA-2007) Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu2+, 0,03 mol K+, x mol Cl v y mol SO4 2- Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l (Cho O = 16; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Cu = 64) A. 0,01 v 0,03. B. 0,03 v 0,02. C. 0,05 v 0,01. D. 0,02 v 0,05. 18.(CA-2008) Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe3+, SO42-, NH4+, Cl-. Chia dung dch X thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c 0,672 lt kh ( ktc) v 1,07 gam kt ta; - Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta.

Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay hi) A. 7,04 gam. B. 3,73 gam. C. 3,52 gam. D. 7,46 gam.

DNG 7: PHN BIT CHT.

phng php: - i vi cht rn: thng dng H2O ha tan hoc dng dung dch axit long HCl, H2SO4 ha tan. - i vi cht lng: + Trc tin quan st mu dung dch, xem th dung dch c mu g c trng hay khng. + Tip theo thng dng cc thuc th nh: qu tm, dd NaOH, dd Ba(OH)2 nhn bit. 19. Phn bit cc dung dch sau cha rong cc bnh khng c nhn : NH4Cl , (NH4)2SO4 , BaCl2 , NaOH , Na2CO3 . 20. Ch dng thm mt ho cht hy phn bit cc dung dch sau : Na2CO3 , Na2SO3 , Na2SO4, Na2SiO3 v Na2S. 21. Hy phn bit cc cht rn sau : NaCl , Na2CO3 , Na2SO4 , BaCO3 , BaSO4 ( Ch dng thm 1 ho cht v nc). 22. Hy nu phng php nhn bit cc dung dch b mt nhn sau y: AlCl3, NaCl, MgCl2, H2SO4, NaOH 23. Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l mt nhn sau : Ba(OH)2 , H2SO4 , FeCl3,CuCl2 , NaCl , Na2CO3 , NH4Cl , (NH4)2SO4 . (Ch dng thm qu tm)
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24. C cc l mt nhn cha dung dch cc cht AlCl 3, ZnCl2, NaCl, MgCl2. Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit, vit phng trnh phn ng. 25. La chn mt ho cht thch hp phn bit cc dung dch mui: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, MgCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, Al(NO3)3. 26. C 6 l khng nhn ng ring bit tng dung dch sau: K2CO3, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. Ch c dng mt thuc th hy nhn bit. (Dng dung dch NaOH) 27. C 4 bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt hn hp dung dch sau y : K2CO3 v Na2SO4 ; KHCO3 v Na2CO3 ; KHCO3 v Na2SO4 ; Na2SO4 v K2SO4 . Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit 4 bnh ny m ch dng thm dung dch HCl v dung dch Ba(NO3)2 .

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