Trng THPT AN NHN TY

B MN: TON


1/ a.Vit phng trnh tng qut ca mt mt
phng.
b. p dng: Trong h ta Oxyz cho ba
im M(-1; 0; 2); N(3; 2; 10); P( 1; 3; 2). Vit
phng trnh mp(MNP).

KIM TRA BI C
p n:
/ . 0 a Ax By Cz D + + + =
(A,B,C,D l cc s thc v A,B,C khng
ng thi bng 0)
/ . ( ) : 3 2 5 0 b ptmp MNP x y z + =
p n:
0 0 0
2 2 2
) ( , ( ))
Ax By Cz D
a d M P
A B C
+ + +
=
+ +
) ( , ( )) 2 b d M P =
2/ a. Vit cng thc tnh khong cch t
mt im n mt mt phng.
b. p dng : Tnh khong cch t im
M(2; -1; 4) n mp (P) : 2x + y 2z 1 = 0

KIM TRA BI C
Cu hi thm :
Nhc li phng trnh tham s ca ng thng trong mt
phng Oxy ?
Phng trnh tham s:
0 1
0 2
x x a t
y y a t
= +

= +

0 0
( ; ) M x y e
1 2
( ; ) a a a =
p n:
trong ng thng
l VTCP
( )
2 2
1 2
0 a a + =
3: PHNG TRNH
NG THNG
TRONG KHNG GIAN
I . Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng
II. iu kin hai ng thng song
song , ct nhau , cho nhau
Gii cc bi ton lin quan n
phng trnh ng thng
Cu sng Hn tp Nng
Cu Trng Tin Hu
Cu Hm Rng Thanh Hoa
Cu Nguyn Vn Tri -
Nguyn Th L Nng
Cu Nht Tn H Ni
a
O
x
y
A
' a
z
y
x
O
'
a
a
A
Hy nhc li nh ngha
vect ch phng ca
ng thng ?
Vect khc c gi l vect ch
phng ca ng thng nu n c gi
song song hoc nm trn ng thng y.
a
0
Tit 35 - 3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
Nu cc yu t xc nh
phng trnh tham s v
phng trnh chnh tc
ca ng thng trong
mt phng?
u
O
x
y
M
Ta cn vec t
ch phng v
mt im thuc
ng thng.
Tit 35 - 3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
A
O
x
y
z
Tit 35 - 3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
Trong khng gian cho vect
, c bao nhiu
ng thng i qua M v song
song vi gi ca vec t ?
0 a =
a
C mt ng thng
i qua M v song song
vi gi ca vec t
a
Theo em ta cn nhng yu t
no xc nh c mt
ng thng trong khng
gian ?
Ta cn vec t
ch phng v
mt im thuc
ng thng.
a
A
M
Bi ton :
GII
( )
0 0 0
, ,
o
M M x x y y z z =
im cng phng vi
a
0
M M ta =
0
M M M eA
0 1
0 2
0 3
x x ta
y y ta
z z ta
=

hay
0 1
0 2
0 3
x x ta
y y ta
z z ta
= +

= +

= +
x
y
z
O
M
0

M
a
Ta c:
Trong khng gian Oxyz cho ng thng i qua im
M
0
(x
0
,y
0
,z
0
) v nhn lm vec t ch phng.
Hy tm iu kin cn v im M(x,y,z) nm trn .
1 2 3
( ; ; ) a a a a =
A
A
A
y l phng trnh tham s ca A
Tit 35 - 3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
Tit 35: - 3: PHNG TRNH
NG THNG TRONG KHNG GIAN
Trong khng gian Oxyz cho ng thng i qua
nhn lm vect ch phng. iu kin cn v
im M(x; y; z) nm trn l c mt s thc t sao
cho :
A
0 1
0 2
0 3
x x a t
y y a t
z z a t
= +

= +

= +

0 0 0
( ; ; ) M x y z
1 2 3
( ; ; ) a a a a =
I. PHNG TRNH THAM S CA NG THNG:
1. nh l
A
( )
2 2 2
1 2 3
0 a a a + + =
Tit 35: - 3: PHNG TRNH
NG THNG TRONG KHNG GIAN
Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua im
v c vect ch phng c dng:
0 0 0
( ; ; ) M x y z
1 2 3
( ; ; ) a a a a =
0 1
0 2
0 3
x x a t
y y a t
z z a t
= +

= +

= +

A
I. PHNG TRNH THAM S CA NG THNG:
2. nh ngha
1. nh l
vi t : tham s
{
{
{
I/ Phng trnh tham s
ca ng thng:
V d 1: Vit phng trnh
tham s ca ng thng i
qua im M(1,-2,3) v c
vect ch phng = (2;3; -4)
A
Th phng trnh tham s :
x = x
o
+ a
1
t
y = y

o
+ a
2
t
z = z
o
+ a
3
t
( t l tham s)
{
ng thng :
- i qua M
o
(x
o
;y
o
;z
o
)
- C vc t ch ph-
ng
= ( a
1
;a
2
;a
3
)
a

a
1 2
2 3
3 4
x t
y t
z t
= +

= +

Gii
Phng trnh tham s
ca ng thng l: A
Tit 35 - 3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
{
{
{
I/ Phng trnh tham s
ca ng thng:
V d 2: Vit phng trnh
tham s ca ng thng AB
vi A(1; -4 ;3) v B (2; 0; 0)
Th phng trnh tham s :
x = x
o
+ a
1
t
y = y

o
+ a
2
t
z = z
o
+ a
3
t
( t l tham s)
{
ng thng :
- i qua M
o
(x
o
;y
o
;z
o
)
- C vc t ch ph-
ng
= ( a
1
;a
2
;a
3
)
a

AB
2
4
3
x t
y t
z t
= +

Gii:
v i qua im B(2;0;0)
Ptts ca ng thng AB l:
ng thng AB c
vect ch phng
= ( 1; 4 ; - 3)
Tit 35 - 3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
A
B
{
{
{
I/ Phng trnh tham s
ca ng thng:
A
Phiu hc tp 1:
Gii:
0
1
x x
t
a

=
0
2
;
y y
t
a

=
0
3
;
z z
t
a

=
y chnh l phng trnh
chnh tc ca ng thng
0 0 0
1 2 3
x x y y z z
a a a

= =
Th phng trnh tham s :
x = x
o
+ a
1
t
y = y

o
+ a
2
t
z = z
o
+ a
3
t
( t l tham s)
{
ng thng :
- i qua M
o
(x
o
;y
o
;z
o
)
- C vc t ch ph-
ng
= ( a
1
;a
2
;a
3
)
a

T phng trnh tham s kh t ,

ta c :
Tit 35 - 3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
T phng trnh tham s ca
ng thng vi a
1
, a
2
, a
3

u khc 0 hy biu din t
theo x,y,z ?
A
1 2 3
( ; ; 0) a a a =
{
{
{
I/ Phng trnh tham s
ca ng thng:
0 0 0
1 2 3
x x y y z z
a a a

= =
Th phng trnh tham s :

+ =
+ =
+ =
t a z z
t a y y
t a x x
3 0
2 0
1 0
ng thng :
- i qua M
o
(x
o
;y
o
;z
o
)
- C vc t ch phng
a = ( a
1
;a
2
;a
3
)
Tit 35 - 3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
( t: tham s)
Phng trnh chnh tc :
1 2 3
( ; ; 0) a a a =
a
V d 3: Vit phng trnh
chnh tc ca ng thng
i qua A(1; -2; 0) v vung
gc vi mt phng
(P): 2x - 4y + 6z + 9 = 0.
A
Gii:
n
P)
A
Mt phng (P)
c vtpt l
( 2 ; 4 ; 6) n =
Phng trnh chnh tc ca : A
V nn VTCP ca l:
( )
P A
A
a n = ( 2 ; 4 ; 6) =
1 2
2 4 6
x y z +
= =

{
{
{
I/ Phng trnh tham s
ca ng thng:
0 0 0
1 2 3
x x y y z z
a a a

= =
1 2 3
( ; ; 0) a a a =
Th phng trnh tham s :

+ =
+ =
+ =
t a z z
t a y y
t a x x
3 0
2 0
1 0
ng thng :
- i qua M
o
(x
o
;y
o
;z
o
)
- C vc t ch phng
a = ( a
1
;a
2
;a
3
)
3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
( t: tham s)
Phng trnh chnh tc :
a
Phiu hc tp 2:
Cho ng thng d c phng trnh
tham s:
5
3 2
1 3
x t
y t
z t
= +

= +

a)Hy tm mt im thuc d v mt
vect ch phng ca ng thng
b) Hy vit phng trnh chnh tc ca
ng thng d.
c) im Q(-3;-1;7) c thuc d khng?
V sao?
a)ng thng d i qua im
M(-5,3,1) v c vtcp
( )
1, 2, 3 a =
Gii:
b) ng thng d c phng trnh
chnh tc l:
5 3 1
1 2 3
x y z +
= =

c) im Q thuc d
v:
3 5 1 3 7 1
2
1 2 3
+
= = =

{
{
I/ Phng trnh tham s
ca ng thng:
0 0 0
1 2 3
x x y y z z
a a a

= =
Th phng trnh tham s :

+ =
+ =
+ =
t a z z
t a y y
t a x x
3 0
2 0
1 0
ng thng :
- i qua M
o
(x
o
;y
o
;z
o
)
- C vc t ch phng
a = ( a
1
;a
2
;a
3
)
3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
( t: tham s)
Phng trnh chnh tc :
1 2 3
( ; ; 0) a a a =
a
( )
1, 2, 4 a =
Gii :
1
3 2
2 4
x t
y t
z t
= +

= +

V d 4 : Chng minh rng ng

thng d : vung gc vi


mt phng
( )
: 2 4 8 7 0 x y z o + + =
n
P)
d
ng thng d c vtcp
Mt phng c
vtpt
( )
o
( )
2, 4,8 n =
Ta c: suy ra
2 n a =
( )
d o
a
{
{
{
Tit 35 - 3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
Bi tp1:Cho ng thng
i qua im M(2;-3;1) v
c vc t ch phng
=(4;- 6;2). Phng trnh
tham s ca ng thng
l:
a

Bi tp cng c
A. x = 2 + 4t C. x = 4 +
2t
y = - 3 6t y = - 6
3t
z = 1 + 2t z = 2 + t

B . x = 2 + 4t D. x = 4 +
2t
y = -3 + 6t y = - 6
3t
z = 1 + 2t z = 2
2t
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
Tit 35 - 3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
Bi tp cng c
Bi tp2: Cho ng thng d
c phng trnh tham s l:



To im M trn d v to
mt vect ch phng
ca d l:
A. M(1; 2;0) v = (3; 1;
4)
B. M(1;0;2) v = (-3;
0;4)
C. M(1;2;0) v = (-3; 0;
4)
D. M(-3; 0; 4) v = (1; 2;
0)
1 3
2
4
x t
y
z t
=

a
a
a
a
a
{
{
{
Tit 35 - 3:Phng trnh ng thng trong khng gian
Bi tp 3 : Cho ng thng d c
phng trnh chnh tc :
a)Hy tm mt vec t ch phng
v mt im thuc ng thng trn
b) Hy vit phng trnh tham s
ca ng thng d.
a)ng thng d i qua im
M(1;0;3) v c vtcp
( )
1, 2, 1 a =
p s :
b) ng thng d c phng trnh
tham s l:
1 3
1 2 1
x y z
= =

1
2
3
x t
y t
z t
= +

Bi tp cng c