TRNG I HC QUY NHN

CNG N THI TUYN SINH AO TAO THAC SI CHUYN NGANH: HOA LY THUYT VA HOA LY MN C S: C S L THUYT HO HC

Phn I. CU TO CHT I.1. Nhng kin thc c bn ca c hc lng t 1. Sng vt cht De Broglie. 2. Nguyn l bt nh Heisenberg. 3. Ton t v hm. 4. H tin ca c hc lng t v h qu: - Tin v hm sng v nguyn l chng cht trng thi; - Tin v biu din cc i lng c hc bng ton t; - Tin v phng trnh Schrdinger. 5. Mt s bi ton ng dng: ht trong hp th; quay t cng; dao ng t iu ho. I.2. Cu to nguyn t 1. Mt s vn v ha hc ht nhn: - Cu trc ht nhn; lc lin kt v nng lng lin kt ht nhn; - Hin tng phng x; phn ng ht nhn. 2. Trng xuyn tm: - Khi nim; - Cc h thc v ton t quan trng trong trng xuyn tm. 3. H nguyn t mt electron: - Gii phng trnh Schrdinger; l - Cc s lng t n, , ml; - Orbital nguyn t (AO); hnh dng AO; mt xc sut electron; - Spin ca electron, hm ton phn; - Cc mc nng lng v quang ph pht x ca nguyn t H. 4. Nguyn t nhiu electron: - Hm sng ca h nhiu eletron v nguyn l khng phn bit cc ht cng loi; - M hnh v cc ht c lp v cc trng thi n electron; - S phn b eletron trn cc AO, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t; - Phng php gn ng Slater xc nh cc AO v nng lng ca electron; - Cc trng thi nguyn t, s hng nguyn t. 5. H thng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc: - Quan h cu to nguyn t vi v tr, tnh cht ca nguyn t; - Cc quy lut bin i tnh cht trong bng h thng tun hon. I. 3. Phn t v lin kt ho hc

1. Cc kin thc c bn: - Lin kt ha hc: nng lng lin kt, momen lng cc ca lin kt v phn t,.. - Thuyt in t ha tr; - Hnh hc phn t: m hnh s y gia cc cp electron v ho tr (m hnh VSEPR). 2. Thuyt lin kt ha tr (Thuyt VB): - Lun im c bn ca thuyt VB; - Phng php Heitler - London v bi ton phn t H2; - Thuyt VB v s gii thch nh tnh v lin kt; - S lai ha cc orbital nguyn t. 3. Thuyt obitan phn t (Thuyt MO): - Lun im c bn ca phng php MO; - Bi ton ion phn t H2+; - Phng php MO i vi phn t hai nguyn t A2 v AB, phn t ba nguyn t AB2 thng v khng thng, phn t AB3 thp tam gic, phn t AB4 t din. 4. Phng php MO - Huckel v cc obitan khng nh c: - Phng php bin phn, quy tc gn ng MO - Huckel; - Gin phn t ; - Quy tc Huckel v tnh thm. 5. Lin kt trong phn t phc cht: - Khi qut v phc cht; - Cc thuyt v lin kt trong phc: thuyt tnh in; thuyt VB; thuyt trng phi t; thuyt MO. 6. i cng v tinh th: - Mng li tinh th, cc dng tinh th in hnh; - Mng li ion, nng lng lin kt ion, chu trnh Born-Haber; - Tinh th lng, cht rn v nh hnh. Phn II. C S L THUYT CC QU TRNH HO HC II.1. Nhit ng lc hc ho hc II.1.1. Nguyn l th nht nhit ng lc hc, nhit ho hc 1. Ni dung, biu thc ton ca nguyn l I. 2. Cng, nhit v bin thin ni nng ca kh l tng trong cc qu trnh nhit ng c bn. 3. p dng nguyn l I vo qu trnh ha hc - nhit ha hc: - Nhit ng p v nhit ng tch ca phn ng ho hc; - nh lut Hess; nhit hnh thnh, nhit t chy; - Tnh ton hiu ng nhit ca phn ng ho hc; - S ph thuc ca hiu ng nhit vo nhit , phng trnh Kirchhoff. II.1.2. Nguyn l th hai nhit ng lc hc, chiu hng din bin ca qu trnh ho hc 1. Ni dung, biu thc ton ca nguyn l II. 2. Tnh bin thin entropi trong cc qu trnh nhit ng c bn (thun nghch v khng thun nghch).

3. Cc hm c trng G, F; iu kin t din bin v iu kin cn bng ca qu trnh ha hc. 4. Ha th; iu kin t din bin ca qu trnh v iu kin cn bng ca h c thnh phn thay i. 5. Cc c trng nhit ng ca kh thc. 6. Cn bng d th, quy tc pha: iu kin cn bng v chiu hng t din bin ca cc qu trnh trong h d th; phng trnh Clapeyron-Clausius. II.1.3. Cn bng ha hc 1. Quan h gia nng lng t do Gibbs v hng s cn bng - phng trnh ng nhit Vant Hoff. 2. Cc hng s cn bng Kp, Kc, Kx ca phn ng ha hc, cc biu thc quan h. 3. nh hng ca nhit , p sut chung v nng n s chuyn dch cn bng ho hc; nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng Le Chatelier. II.1.4. Dung dch 1. Dung dch khng in li: - Cc thuc tnh tp hp ca dung dch long ( tng im si, h bng im, p sut thm thu); - nh lut Raoult v nh lut Henry i vi dung dch long. 2. Dung dch in li: - Thuyt Arrhnius, thuyt Bronsted v axit v baz; lc axit v lc baz; - pH ca dung dch; - Tnh ton cn bng trong dung dch; - Cn bng ca cht t tan. II.2. ng ho hc v xc tc 1. Nhng kin thc c bn: - Tc phn ng ho hc, bc phn ng v phn t s; - nh lut tc dng khi lng; - Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng. 2. Phng trnh ng hc ca cc phn ng n gin mt chiu: bc 1, bc 2, bc 3, bc n, bc 0. 3. Phng trnh ng hc ca cc phn ng phc tp: phn ng thun nghch, phn ng song song, phn ng ni tip. 4. S ph thuc tc phn ng vo nhit : quy tc Vant Hoff, phng trnh Arrhnius; nng lng hot ho. 5. Cc phng php xc nh bc phn ng. 6. Phn ng dy chuyn v phn ng quang ha. 7. Xc tc: - Mt s khi nim c bn v xc tc; - Bn cht v c im ca s xc tc; - Mt s thuyt v xc tc; - C ch v ng hc ca phn ng xc tc ng th, d th; - Xc tc enzym, xc tc quang ha, phn ng t xc tc.

II.3. in ha hc 1. Phn ng oxi ho kh: - Cc khi nim s oxi ho; cht oxi ho, cht kh; qu trnh oxi ho, qu trnh kh; - Cn bng phng trnh phn ng oxi ho kh. 2. Th in cc: - Khi nim th in cc, quy c vit phn ng in cc; - Phn loi in cc (in cc loi mt, loi hai,); - Phng trnh Nernst. 3. Pin in: - Qui c vit s pin in; - Sc in ng ca pin in; - Phng trnh Nernst v sc in ng; - Quan h gia sc in ng v nng lng t do Gibbs ca phn ng trong pin, chiu ca phn ng oxi ho kh. 4. S in phn: - nh lut Faraday v in phn; - in phn nng chy, in phn dung dch; hin tng anot tan; - S phn cc, qu th trong in phn. 5. n mn in ho v cc phng php bo v chng n mn. TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Nguyn nh Chi, Ha hc i cng, NXB Gio dc, 2007. [2]. o nh Thc, Ho hc i cng (tp 1, 2), NXB i hc Quc gia H Ni, 2001. [3]. Chu Phm Ngc Sn, inh Tn Phc, C s l thuyt ho i cng (2 tp), NXB i hc Quc gia tp. H Ch Minh, 2000. [4]. Nguyn Hnh, C s l thuyt ho hc, NXB Gio dc, 1997. [5]. L Mu Quyn, C s l thuyt ho hc, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 1999. [6]. V ng , C s l thuyt cc qu trnh ho hc, NXB Gio dc, 1998. [7]. Lm Ngc Thim, Cu to cht i cng, NXB i hc Quc gia H Ni, 2001. [8]. Ren Dier, Ho i cng (tp 1, 2) (sch dch), NXB Gio dc, 1998. [9]. Lm Ngc Thim, Trn Hip Hi, Bi tp ho hc i cng (Ha hc l thuyt c s), NXB i hc Quc gia H Ni, 2007. [10]. Lm Ngc Thim, Trn Hip Hi, Nhng nguyn l c bn ca ho hc. Phn bi tp, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2002. [11]. L Mu Quyn, C s l thuyt ho hc - phn bi tp, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 1995. [12]. Cc ti liu khc c lin quan n l thuyt v bi tp phn C s l thuyt ha hc.