QUN L/PHNG NGA H HNG CC THIT B IN T

I. Cc giai on trong vng i ca mt sn phm - S bn tm (Bath tub curve):

- M t mi quan h gia tn sut h hng v thi gian hot ng. - Giai on h hng sm (Infant mortality period): tn h hng cao nhng gim nhanh dn theo thi gian. Nguyn nhn c th do: li thit k, qun l cht lng km,. Giai on ny ch yu xy ra trong giai on th nghim ca nh sn xut. - Giai on h hng n nh (Constant failure rate period): l giai on sau khi sn phm vc qua giai on th nghim v s dng i tr trn th trng. Trong giai on ny, tn xut h hng thng thp hn giai on u v n nh.

- Giai on h hng do gi ci (Wear-out failure period): l giai oi h hng do gi ci. Tn xut h hng trong giai on ny thng tng nhanh theo thi gian. - Lm sao xc nh thi im mt thit b bc vo giai on Wearout thay th kp thi??? II. Cc khi nim trong vic tnh ton tin cy ca thit b 1. Tn sut h hng (Failure Rate): Mi sn phm u c mt tn sut h hng nht nh, l s lng sn phm h hng trong mt n v thi gian. 2. tin cy (Reliablity): L kh nng ca mt s lng thit b hot ng trong mt iu kin nht nh trong mt khong thi gian. 3. Thi gian trung bnh gia hai ln h hng (MTBF)/ Thi gian trung bnh h hng (MTTF): - Thi gian trung bnh gia hai ln h hng (MTBF): p dng cho cc thit b c th sa cha c s dng li sau khi h hng. MTBF chnh l gi tr nghch o ca tn sut h hng: MTBF = 1/Failure Rate Rt nhiu ngi hiu nhm MTBF v cho rng MTBF chnh l khong thi gian ngn nht gia hai ln h hng. Nu h hng xy ra ngu nhin, chng c th c m t bng hm phn b: () Sau khong thi gian nht nh, gi s t = MTBF ( ) - Nh vy, sau khong thi gian MTBF, ch c khong 37% thit b c s dng tip tc hot ng. - i vi mt thit b n l, kh nng n tip tc hot ng n nh sau thi gian MTBF l 37%. - V d: mt nh my s dng 100 card PLC-5 vi MTBF = 400000 gi Tn sut h hng l 0.25%/1000 gi.

Nh vy sau 10 nm, kh nng tn ti ca l sn phm ny l: ( )

Nh vy, sau 10 nm tin cy ca cc card PLC-5 l 80.33%. - Kh nng h hng: ( ) ( ) - Thi gian trung bnh h hng (MTTF): l khong thi gian trung bnh ngn nht h hng thit b, MTTF p dng cho cc thit b khng sa cha c khi b h hng. - MTBF/MTTF ch c xem xt trong giai on tn sut h hng n nh (giai on useful life trong s bn tm). - MTBF/MTTF cng ln th tin cy ca thit b cng cao. III. D on tin cy ca thit b 1. D on tn sut h hng: Vic d on tn sut h hng rt hu ch trong giai on thit k cc thit b in in t phc v cho cc cng vic sau: nh gi cc mc tiu v tin cy c th t c. nhn din nhng yu km tim tang trong thit k. so snh nhng thit k khc nhau. nh gi cc thit k v phn tch chi ph vng i sn phm. Cung cp d vic phn tch tin cy v sn sng ca h thng. - ln k hoch cho cc chin lc h tr hu cn. - thit lp cc i tng cho vic kim tra tin cy. 2. Cc gi nh v cc hn ch: Vic d on tn sut h hng ca thit b da trn cc gi nh sau: - Kiu tin on l chp nhn tin cy ca mt h thng l tng hp tin cy ca cc phn t cu thnh nn n. - Tn sut h hng ca cc phn t cn thit cho vic tin on c gi nh l hng s trong khong thi gian c xem xt.

H hng cc phn t l c lp. Khng phn bit h hng ton b v h hng mt phn. Cc thit b h hng c s dng trong iu kin cho php. Cc thit b khng c li trong khu sn xut v thit k.

Cc hn ch ca vic d on tn sut h hng: - Ch mang tnh thng tin d mc tiu v tin cy c th t c. - Cc kt qu l khc nhau da trn cc d liu ng tin cy v tn sut h hng. - Cc gi thit tn sut h hng ca thit b l hng s khng phi lun lun ng. - Mt s b phn, linh kin c th khng c d liu v tn sut h hng. - Mt s tc ng khc c th nh hng n tin cy ca thit b. - Cc khuyt im trong sn xut v thit k c th lm sai lch kt qu d on. 3. M hnh d on Tn sut h hng ca thit b c tnh ton bng cch cng dn tt c tn sut h hng ca cc b phn cu hnh nn thit b. Vic p dng cch tnh ny do gi thit rng bt k h hng b phn no cng dn n h hng thit b. 4. Tin on h hng cc iu kin tham chiu Tn sut h hng nhng iu kin lm vic nht nh c tn ton nh sau: ( )

Trong : ref l tn sut h hng iu kin tham chiu, n l s lng cc b phn. 5. Tin on h hng iu kin vn hnh

Trong : ref l tn sut h hng iu kin tham chiu, U l h s in p s dng, I l h s dng in s dng, T l h s nhit s dng, n l s lng cc b phn. 6. Qu trnh thc hin d on tn sut h hng. Qu trnh thc hin d on h hng bao gm cc bc sau: Xc nh cc thit b s c phn tch. Nm r cu trc thit b. Xc nh iu kin hot ng: nhit , in p, dng in, Xc nh cc tc ng in thc t cc b phn lm vic. La chn tn sut h hng tham chiu cho mi b phn t c s d liu. - Trong trng hp tnh ton tn sut h hng ca thit b iu kin vn hnh, cn phi xc nh v tnh ton cc yu t nh hng lin quan nh: nhit , dng in, in p. - Cng dn tn sut h hng ca tt c cc b phn. - Lu tr h s cc kt qu tnh ton v cc gi thit. Cc d liu sau c xem l cn thit: 7. M t chi tit thit b. Danh mc v s lng cc b phn lin quan cu thnh nn thit b. Tn sut h hng tham chiu i vi tt c cc b phn ca thit b. Cc yu t nh hng lin quan i vi cc b phn ca thit b. D liu tn sut h hng

Tham kho d liu mt s ti liu ng tin cy nh: 8. MIL-HDBK-217 ca b quc phng M. Siemens SN29500 ca hng Siemens Telcordia SR332 D on tn sut h hng ca thit b da trn IEC61709

Tiu chun IEC 61709 Electronic components Reliability, Reference conditions for failure rates and stress models for conversion cho php pht trin mt c s d liu v tn sut h hng v ngoi suy cho cc iu kin vn hnh tng t khc. Tiu chun IEC 61709 - a ra cc hng dn c c d liu v tn sut h hng cho cc phn t c s dng trong thit b in t. - a ra cc iu kin tham chiu c c d liu v tn sut h hng. - M t cc m hnh tc ng c xem nh c s cho vic chuyn i tn sut h hng t cc iu kin tham chiu sang cc iu kin vn hnh thc t. Li ch ca tiu chun IEC 61709: - Cc iu kin tham chiu c xem nh cc p dng chnh ca cc phn t trong thit b in t, vic ny cho php vic d on tn sut h hng mang tnh kh thi trong giai on thit k. - Cc m hnh tc ng l chung cho cc phn t khc nhau, iu ny n gin ha qu trnh d on tn sut h hng. - Gip hi ha, cn i cc ngun d liu khc nhau. 9. Kim tra tin cy - Vic kim tra ny c thc hin bng cch kim tra cht lng ca cc thit b iu kin hot ng ging iu kin vn hnh thc t. - kim tra tin cy ca thit b 25 C, 100 thit b c s dng test lin tc (khng xoay vng) theo hng dn ca MILHDBK-781 ng vo nh mc v ti a ti trong vng 1 nm. - Nu c bt k h hng no trong qu trnh test, thi gian test s c ko di hn. V d c 2 h hng, thi gian test s c ko di gp i thi gian ti thiu. Thi gian test c ko di ti khi no khng cn h hng. Bt k h hng no u c kim tra nguyn nhn gc r v c nhng hiu chnh trong cng tc thit k v sn xut.

- V d c 02 b ngun b h hng trong qu trnh test, nguyn nhn l do Modfest v T in khng t chun, cc nguyn nhn ny s c x l ln k tip v test li. 10. Phng php d on tin cy c s dng bi cc thnh vin EPSMA (European Power Supply Manufactures Association) Vic kho st cc phng php d on MTBF ca 16 cng ty l thnh vin EPSMA c tm tt bng sau: S lng thnh % s lng vin EPSMA s thnh vin dng EMSMA s dng MIL-HDBK-217F Parts count only 1 6 MIL-HDBK-217F Parts stress only 6 38 MIL-HDBK-217F Both Parts count and 2 13 Parts stress Bellcore TR332 3 19 Telcordia SR332 3 19 Bellcore TR332 and Telcordia SR332 2 13 Siemens SN29500 1 6 British Telecom HRD4 and HRD5 2 13 Field Returns 1 6 Life Testing 4 25 RAC Prism and Relex tools used with several of these methods. So snh cc phng php d on tin cy: Phng php

Phng php MIL-HDBK-217F

p dng Hn ch Cung cp d liu v D liu khng cn tn sut h hng v c cp nht t nm m hnh nh gi tc 1995. ng cho cc phng php d on part

Telcordia SR332/ Bellcore TR332

count v part stress. N cung cp m hnh cho nhiu b phn, linh kin khc nhau. N h tr d on xc sut h hng vi khong rng xung nhit lm vic: 0 C n 125 C Cp nht nm 2001, n cung cp 03 phng php nh gi l: Part counts, Lab test data, Field failure tracking. Tng SR332 t

Vic d on tn sut h hng ca thit b gii hn nhit lm vic t 30 C n 65 C.

British Telecom HRD4 and HRD5

Siemens SN29500 (da trn IEC 61709 concept)

Telcordia Vic d on tn sut h hng ca thit b gii hn nhit lm vic t 0 C n 55 C. D liu c cp nht D liu v tn sut h thng xuyn cc hng gii hn cc iu kin tham chiu sn phm ca v cc m hnh tc Siemens. ng cho cc phng php parts count v parts stress

11. So snh kt qu cc phng php tnh ton tin cy thit b. - Kt qu tnh ton cc phng php khc nhau s cho gi tr khc nhau. V d bng tnh ton sau: Phng php Cng d on tin ty cy B chuyn i DC-DC 1W B ngun AC-DC 100W

MIL-HDBK-217F (EXAR 7.0) MIL-HDBK-217F Notice 2 MIL-HDBK-217F Notice 1 Telcordia SR332 Parts count Telcordia SR332 Parts stress Siemens SN29500 (IEC61709) HRD5 Parts stress HRD4 Parts count MIL-HDBK-217F (EXAR 7.0) Telcordia SR332 Parts count

A B C D D A B B A E

25 C Gi Nm 31,596,574 3606.9 832,000 156,000 89,380,000 104,200,00 0 80,978,217 2,465,000 1,132,000 31,596,574 95.0 17.8

Gi

85 C Nm 9.8 14.2

40 C Gi Nm 686,771 78.4

86,000 124,000

10203.2 29,260,000 3340.2 11895.0 57,160,000 6525.1 9244.1 281.4 129.2 3606.9 849,000 1,132,000 96.9 129.2 686,771 1,418,000 78.4 162.0 1,554,055 177.4