ng sut phng/Bin dng phng BI 2: NG SUT PHNG BIN DNG PHNG

2-1 TNG QUAN Bi ton ng sut phng v bin dng phng l mt dng quan trng ca cc bi ton ba chiu ni chung.Bi ny hng dn chng minh: -Gii quyt cc bi ton v tp trung ng sut phng. -nh gi kh nng sai s trong cc li gii. -S dng vic xy dng phn t ANSYS 2D khc nhau. 2-2 M U C th v d nh i tng trn trang ba ca cun sch ny c su thnh phn ng sut khi n chu p lc theo ba chiu.Khi tham chiu n mt h thng ta -cc thnh phn ca ng sut l:

ng sut thng x, y, z ng sut ct xy, yz, zx

Hnh 2-1 ng sut theo 3 chiu. Thng thng phn tch cc i tng ny i hi phi c m hnh 3 chiu nh tho lun trong bi 4.Tuy nhin m hnh hai chiu c th d dng pht trin,d dng gii quyt v c th s dng trong nhiu tnh hung nu n c th biu din chnh xc cc trng thi ca i tng di ti. Trng thi ng sut phng gy ra trong mt i tng ti mng m mt phng c chiu rng nht.Chn mt phng X-Y l mt phng cn phn tch.ng sut khc khng x, y v xy nm trong mt phng X-Y v khng thay i theo hng Z.Hn na,vi ng sut(z,yz v zx)l coi bng khng cho loi m hnh v ti trng ny.Mt dm mng chu ti trong mt phng v rng bnh rng thng l nhng v d tt cho bi ton ng sut phng. ANSYS cung cp 6 nt phn t tam gic phng cng vi 4 nt v 8 nt phn t t gic s dng pht trin m hnh ng sut

phng.Chng ta s s dng c tam gic v t gic gii quyt cho v d bi ton tip theo. 2-3 TM VI L TRUNG TM bt u,chng ta hy gii quyt mt bi ton m gii php bit chng ta c th kim tra kt qu trn my tnh v hiu v phng php FEM.Bi ton l mt tm mng chu ti ko vi mt l trung tm nh hnh 2-2.

Hnh 2-2 Tm mng vi l trung tm Tm 1.0mx0.4m c b dy 0.01m,va mt l trung tm ng knh 0.2m.N c lm bng thp vi nhiu thuc tnh vt liu;m un n hi,E=2.07e11 N/m2 v t l poisson,v=0.29.Chng ta p dng ti ko cng ngang dng mt p lc p=-1.0 N/m2 theo cc cnh dc theo chiu ca tm. Bi v l rt cn thit lp rp nh bu lng,inh tn,,cn phi bit ng sut v bin dng gn n xy ra thng xuyn v n

nhn c rt nhiu nghin cu ln.Kt qu ca nhng nghin cu ny c cng b rng ri,v chng ta c th tm kim cc yu t tp gy trung ng sut vi trng hp trn.Trc khi ra i cc phng php tnh ton ph hp,hiu qu ca hu ht m hnh ng sut tp trung phc tp c thm nh bng thc nghim,v c nhiu biu sn c c pht trin t kt qu th nghim. Thng nht,tm ng nht l i xng v cc trc ngang c m hnh v ti.iu ny c ngha l tnh trng ng sut v bin dng di ng tm ngang l hnh nh i xng trn ng tm,v tng t cho ng tm thng ng.Chng ta c th tn dng li th ca tnh i xng v bng cch p dng chnh xc cc iu kin bin,ch s dng tm cho m hnh phn t hu hn.Vi nhng bi ton nh s dng tnh i xng c th khng qu quan trng;cho cc vn ln n c th tit kim m hnh v gii php n lc bng cch loi b mt na hoc mt phn t Ni t gc ta ca trc X-Y trung tm ca l trn.Nu chng ta ko c hai u tm,im trn ng tm s di chuyn dc theo ng tm nhng khng vung gc vi h.Ta thy cc iu kin thch hp s dng nh hnh di y.

Hnh 2-3 Gc phn t s dng cho phn tch Trong phn hng dn 2A chng ta s s dng ANSYS xc nh ng sut theo chiu ngang dng tm v so snh kt qu tnh ton vi gi tr ti a c th tnh bng cch s dng bng yu t h s tp trung ng sut.Lnh tng tc s c s dng xy dng v gii bi ton. 2-4 Phn hng dn 2A-Bn mng Mc ch:Tm ng sut dc trc ln nht trong bn mng vi l trung tm v so snh kt qu ca bn vi d liu h s tp trung ng sut cng b. TIN X L 1.Star ANSYS,kch vo Working Directory ni m bn s lu tr cc tp tin lin quan n bi ton ny.Ngoi ra cn thit lp Jobname ti Tutorial2A hoc vi ghi ch v cung cp mt tiu .

(Nu bn mun thay i trong Jobname,working Directory,or Title trc tin bn khi ng ANSYS,s dng File>Change Jobname hoc Directory hoc Title) Chn su nt phn t tam gic s dng gii bi ton ny.

Hnh 2-4 Su nt tam gic 2.Main Menu>Preprocessor>Element Type>Add/Edit/Delete>Add>Structural Solid>Triangle 6 node 2>OK

Hnh 2-5 La chn phn t. Chn Option ni bn xc nh dy tm. 3.Options(Phn t trng thi K3)>Plane strs w/thk>OK>Close

Hnh 2-6 Trng thi phn t 4.Main Menu>Preprocessor>Real Contants>Add/Edit/Delete>Add>OK

Hnh 2-7 Hng s thc. (Nhp chiu dy tm l 0.01m)>Nhp 0.01>OK>Close

Hnh 2-8 Nhp chiu dy tm mng. Nhp thuc tnh vt liu. 5.Main Menu>Preprocessos>Material Props>Material Models M hnh vt liu s 1,Kch p vo Structural>Linear>Elastic>Isotropic Nhp vo EX=2.07E11 v PRXY=0.29>OK(ng ca s thc hin xc nh m hnh vt liu) To ra cc m hnh cho cc gc phn t pha trn bn phi tm mng bng cch tr i mt vng trn ng knh 0.2m t mt hnh ch nht 0.5x0.2.To ra cc hnh ch nht u tin. 6.Main Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Areas>Rectangle>By 2 Corners Nhn WP X=0.0,WP Y=0.0 v Radius=0.1>OK

Hnh 2-9 To cc vng.

Hnh 2-10 Hnh ch nht v hnh trn. By gi tr hnh trn t hnh ch nht(c li nhn trong ca s di cng mn hnh cn thit)

8.Main menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Booleans>Subtract>Ar eas>Chn hnh ch nht>OK,sau chn hnh trn>OK

Hnh 2-11 M hnh gc phn t ca tm mng. To ra mng li cc phn t tam gic trn vng phn t. 9.Main menu>Preprocessor>Meshing>Mesh>Areas>Free Kch vng phn t>OK

Hnh 2-12 Phn t li tam gic. p dng php di cc iu kin bin v ti. 10.Main Menu>Preprocessor>Loads>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Displacement>On Lines Chn cnh tri ca gc phn t>OK>UX=0.>OK

11.Main Menu>Preprocessor>Loads>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Displacement>On Lines Chn cnh di ca gc phn t>OK>UY=0.>OK 12.Main Menu>Preprocessor>Loads>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Pressure>On Lines. Chn cnh phi ca gc phn t>OK>Pressure=-1.0>OK(Mt p lc dng tnh s l mt ti nn,nn chng ta s dng mt p lc m tnh.p lc c hin th nh mt mi tn duy nht.)

Hnh 2-13 M hnh vi ti v chuyn dch iu kin bin. Bc to m hnh gi hon tt,va chng ta c th tin hnh gii.Trc ht an ton,hy lu m hnh li. 13.Utility Menu>File>Save as Jobname.db(Hoc Save as;S dng tn mi) BC GII Tng t nh cch gii minh ha trong cc hng dn bi 1. 14.Main Menu>Solution>Slove>Current LS>OK

Ca s hin th cc thng s bi ton /STATUS Command v ca s hin th Solve Current Load Step.Kim tra cc ty chn gii trong ca s /STATUS v nu tt c l OK,chn File>Close Trong ca s Slove Current Load Step,Chn OK,v khi gii xong,ng ca s Solution is Done! HU X L By gi chng ta c th xut kt qu ca phn tch ny v c th cho danh sch gi tr tnh ton.Trc tin l v d v to hnh bin dng. 15.Main Menu>General Postproc>Plot Results>Deformed Shape>Def.+Undef.>OK

Hnh 2-14 Biu m hnh bin dng

Hnh dng bin dng dng nh chnh xc(Phn khng bin dng c th hin bi nt t).Bn phi kt thc di chuyn sang phi p ng yu cu ti ko cng theo hng x,l trn thnh hnh bu dc,pha trn di chuyn xung bi hiu lc Poisson.Lu rng cc mp phn t trn cung trn c th hin bi cc on thng.y l thao tc v thng thng khng phn tch.Su nt tam gic c un cong hai pha,v nu bn chn trn mt mt gia mt trong cc phn t,bn s thy mt nt t trn cc cnh cong. Vic dich chuyn ti a c hin th trn ch thch th l 0.32e-11 c v hp l.Cc n v dch chuyn l mt v chng ta s dng mt v N/m2 trong vic dng bi ton.By gi v th ng sut theo hng X. 16.Main Menu>General Postproc>Plot Results>Contour Plot>Element Solu>Stress>X-Component of stress>OK S dng PlotCtrls>Symbols[/PSF]Surface Load Symbol(thit lp p lc Pressures)v Show pre and convect as(thit lp chiu Arrows) hin th cc ti p lc.

Hnh 2-15 Phn t ng sut SX. Nh nht,SMN,v ln nht,SMX,ng sut cng tt nh thanh ch thch mu a ra tng th nh gi tnh trng ng sut SX.Chng ta quan tm n ng sut ln nht ti l.S dng Zoom tp trung vo khu vc ng sut cao nht.

Hnh 2-16 ng sut cc b SX