NHÀ MÁY RƯỢU VANG CÔNG XUẤT 1.8 TRIỆU LÍT MỘT NĂM

Thit k nh my ru vang
B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TPHCM
VIN CNG NGH SINH HC THC PHM
TI:
GVHD: V TH HOAN
Lp: HTP6C
SVTH:
TPHCM, ngy 23 thng 06 nm 2013
BNG PHN CNG NHIM V

MSSV
Tn thnh vin
Nhim v
Ghi ch
10224511 Nguyn Minh Nghi
Tng quan
100%
10206221 L Thanh Tho
Tm hiu cc a im
Cn bng vt cht
100%
10271851 Phm nh Th
Phn tch SWOT

Thnh lp h thng nh gi
theo im
100%
10224511 Hunh Th Thy
Thit k mt bng nh my
Kt lun v xut
100%
10232821 Triu Th Dim Tin
La chn a im
Thuyt minh qui trnh
100%
Mc lc
Chng 1: TNG QUAN ................................................................................................... 6
1. S lc qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ru vang........................................................................... 6
1.1. Khi nim v ru vang ................................................................................................................. 7
1.2. Phn loi ru vang ....................................................................................................................... 8
1.3. Tiu chun cht lng vang ......................................................................................................... 10
1. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th ru vang............................................................................................ 15
3. Nguyn liu v tiu chun nguyn liu. .............................................................................................. 17
3.1. S lc v nguyn liu nho.......................................................................................................... 17
Cc ging nho c trng ph bin Vit Nam ........................................................................ 18
3.2 H vi sinh vt trong nm men .................................................................................................... 20

3.3. Nm men ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Chng 2: LA CHN A IM XY DNG .......................................................... 23

NH MY ........................................................................................................................ 23
1. Tm quan trng ca la chn a im xy dng nh my ................................................................ 23
2. Cc nguyn tc la chn a im xy dng nh my ........................................................................ 23
3. Xc nh v phn tch cc nhn t chnh nh hng ti vic la chn a im nh my ru vang 24
3.1. Nhn t nguyn liu ..................................................................................................................... 24
3.2. C s h tng ............................................................................................................................... 24
3.3. Th trng tiu th ....................................................................................................................... 24
3.4. a hnh v c im khu t....................................................................................................... 25
3.5. Lc lng lao ng ...................................................................................................................... 25
3.6. Quan h x hi ............................................................................................................................. 25
4. La chn s b 3 ia im .................................................................................................................. 26
4.1. Khu cng nghip Quang Chu tnh Bc Giang. ........................................................................... 26
4.2. Cm Cng nghip Ph Hi- Lm ng ........................................................................................ 27
4.3. Khu cng nghip Thnh Hi tnh Ninh Thun ............................................................................. 28
5. La chn s b .................................................................................................................................... 29
6. nh gi cc a im ......................................................................................................................... 29
Gi tr so snh ca tng nhn t nh hng trong nh my ................................................................ 30
PHN TCH SWOT ........................................................................................................................... 30
7. Chn a im ti u........................................................................................................................... 42
Chng 3: QUY TRNH CNG NGH ........................................................................... 42

V CN BNG VT CHT .......................................................................................... 42
1. S quy trnh sn xut ru vang ............................................................................................... 43
2. Thuyt minh quy trnh ........................................................................................................................ 45
2.1. Nguyn liu: Nguyn liu nho . ............................................................................................... 45
2.2. Phn loi: . ................................................................................................................................... 45
2.3. Ra ............................................................................................................................................... 45
2.4. Nghin, x .................................................................................................................................... 45
2.5. Sulfit ha ...................................................................................................................................... 46
2.6. Qu trnh phi ch ........................................................................................................................ 46
2.7. Qu trnh ln men......................................................................................................................... 47
2.8. Qu trnh x l nhit .................................................................................................................... 47
2.9. Qu trnh tch, p b .................................................................................................................... 47
2.10. Qu trnh tng tr ....................................................................................................................... 48
2.11. Qu trnh lc .............................................................................................................................. 48
2.12. Qu trnh chit chai v ng np................................................................................................ 48
2.13. Thanh trng ................................................................................................................................ 49
2.14. Qu trnh dng dn nhn v in hn s dng ............................................................................... 49
2.15. Qu trnh ng hp v xp thng ............................................................................................... 49
3. Tnh ton cn bng vt cht ................................................................................................................ 49
3.1. Tnh lng nho cn dng ......................................................................................... 50

3.2. Tnh lng nho dng trong mt ngy (tnh theo nng sut nh my) .......................................... 52
3.3. Tnh cn bng vt cht cho tng qu trnh ................................................................................... 53
Chng 4: THIT K MT BNG NH MY ............................................................. 57

1.
2.
Thit k mt bng phn xng sn xut chnh. ......................................................................... 58

1.1.
Phn xng s ch (phn xng tip nhn v x l) ......................................................... 58
1.2.
Phn xng ln men ............................................................................................................. 60
1.3.
Phn xng chit rt............................................................................................................. 62
Tnh kch thc cc cng trnh ph ............................................................................................ 63

2.1.
Kho cha nguyn liu, thnh phm..................................................................................... 63
3.
2.2.
Kho cha bao b .................................................................................................................... 63
2.3.
Kho cha nhin liu. ............................................................................................................. 64
2.4.
Nh t my nng lnh......................................................................................................... 64
2.5.
Trm bin p, nh t my pht in. ................................................................................ 64
2.6.
Xng c kh, sa cha. ....................................................................................................... 64
2.7.
Nh ni hi............................................................................................................................. 64
2.8.
Khu nh hnh chnh, sinh hot v phc v ........................................................................ 64
2.9.
Phng k thut KCS .......................................................................................................... 66
2.10.
ng giao thng ni b .................................................................................................. 66
2.11.
Cy xanh, thm c............................................................................................................. 66
2.12.
Cng trnh cp v thot nc .......................................................................................... 66
Tnh din tch v thit k mt bng tng th ca nh my ....................................................... 66

3.1.
Kch thc mt bng tng th.............................................................................................. 66
3.2.
Mt bng nh my ................................................................................................................ 67
KT LUN V XUT KIN ..................................................................................................... 68

1. V sinh nh my .............................................................................................................................. 69
2. An ton lao ng ................................................................................................................................. 70
2.1. An ton in ................................................................................................................................. 70
2.2. An ton vn hnh v an ton thit b ........................................................................................... 71
2.3. An ton hi, kh ............................................................................................................................ 71
3. Bo v mi trng .............................................................................................................................. 72
3.1. Lm sch khng kh thi .............................................................................................................. 72
3.2. X l nc thi ............................................................................................................................. 72
3.3. X l b thi ................................................................................................................................. 73
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................. 74
Chng 1: TNG QUAN

1. S lc qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ru vang
C l t c sn phm no xut hin sm nh vang. Vang c loi ngi bit cch
t hng nghn nm nay, trong cc cu chuyn thn thoi ca ngi Hy Lp c miu t
cch trng trt v vang. u tin ngi ta ch bit p qu ly nc ri ln men t
nhin trong cc hang , to ra mt loi nc ung gy mt cm gic lng lng v c mi
thm hp dn khc vi mi thm ca qu chn. Trong lch s ca loi ngi vang ng
vai tr quan trng trong i sng kinh t. Nhiu bng chng lch s cho thy vang nh l
cng c ca ngnh thng mi, mc d ngun gc ca ngnh ch bin vang thi tin s
vn cn y b n. Nhng r rng vo thi im con ngi to dng c ngnh
ch bin vang c qui m Ai Cp v mt s vng khc.
Vo th k th 4 trc cng nguyn, di s thng tr ca ngi La M c i.
Ngnh bun bn vang c pht trin khp Chu u, Bc Phi, thm ch lan ra c vng
vin ng. T cng vi s pht trin ca cy nho v s c kt kinh nghim m ngh
lm ru nho c pht trin trn khp th gii.
Nhng ngh lm ru vang ch thc s bt u pht trin mnh m vo nm 1857,
khi Lui Pasteur a cc bng chng chng minh rng qu trnh ln men l mt qu
trnh sng v nhng khm ph v c s vi sinh vt v s h hng ca vang t c
kt qu ngoi sc tng tng. Sau , vi s p dng thnh tu ca khoa hc k thut
vo cc qu trnh ln men rt ngn c thi gian ln men, ngn chn c s ph
hoi ca vi sinh vt v gim thi gian tr vang ru vang.
Ru vang l mt sn phm c tnh truyn thng rt cao, c bit cc nc Chu
u ru vang c coi nh l mt sn phm thc phm quan trng khng ch trong sinh
hot hng ngy m n cn ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng trong cc bui l vn ha,
hay cc sinh hot c tnh cng ng cao ca dn chng.
Ti Chu u, ru vang to ra mt nt sinh hot, mt phong tc hay thi quen
thng ngy ca con ngi ni y. Ru vang gn lin vi con ngi ni y ngay
t khi h sinh ra v cho n khi mt i, ru vang c t rt lu i, lu n mc m ngay
khi sinh ra ngi ta sng cng n v n nh l mt sn phm khng th thiu, mt
ngi bn tm tnh ca ngi Chu u. C th ni rng: Ru vang, mt vn ha Chu
u lu i.
Ngoi nhng tnh cht thm ngon, ru vang cn l mt nhn t gip giao
lu, hn gn v tng cng s on kt ca con ngi vi nhau. Ung ru vang khng
ch n thun l ung ru mt cch thng thng m cn l c mt qu trnh cm nhn,
thng thc v tn hng hng thm, mi v cng nh cm nhn c ci tm vi ngh

v nt ti hoa ca ngi ch lm ra loi ru vang .
C rt nhiu nh ngha v ru vang khc nhau, ty theo nguyn liu v cng ngh
sn xut m ru vang thnh phm c hng v v tnh cht cm quan c trng ring.
Theo tiu chun Vit Nam ru vang c nh ngha: Ru vang l loi ung
c cn c sn xut bng phng php ln men t cc loi tri cy v khng qua chng
ct (theo TCVN 7045 : 2002). Tuy nhin, theo nh ngha ca mt s nc Chu u th
ru vang nht nh l phi c sn xut t qu nho.
Ru vang c mt lch s lu i trn th gii, bn cnh ru ct hay ru cao
ru vang vn c mt ch ng trang trng trong th gii ung. Thi k trung c,
ru vang ch c dng cho cc nh qu tc, cho n hin nay nh s bng n v khoa
hc cng ngh cng nh s bin ng ln v cc h thng chnh tr v c bit l s giao
lu bun bn dn n mt xu hng hp tc ton din v kinh t t ko theo s giao
thoa v vn ha gia cc khu vc, cc quc gia vi nhau. Trn lnh vc giao lu kinh t
v vn ha th ru l mt thng phm khng th thiu, c bit l i vi ru vang th
c mt s u i c bit, chnh nh nhng tnh cht vt tri, nh cn thp, c hu v
tt, khi ung ru vang em li cho ngi thng thc c cm gic th thi, nh nhng
thanh lch. Chnh nhng c trng lm cho ru vang m rng tm nh hng ca
ring mnh, nh cng nghip ru vang ngy cng pht trin hn, sn phm ru vang
a dng hn vi cht lng ngy cng tt hn.
Ti Vit Nam, ru vang c du nhp vo cng vi ngi Php khi xm lc ng
Dng vo nhng nm u th k 19, c th ni vi thi gian khng phi l di nhng
ru vang ang dn ly c ch ng trn th trng, tuy c nhng ro cn nht nh v
tp tc v vn ha ung ca ngi Vit c khc ngi phng Ty, xong vi xu th hi
nhp, c bit l sau khi Vit Nam ra nhp WTO, nhiu dng vn u t t nc ngoi
vo ko theo cng n vic lm, kinh t tng trng, i sng ngi dn cao dn ln v
c bit l s giao lu gia con ngi vi nhau nhiu hn, giao lu v vn ha tm hiu
nhau lm n, hp tc i bn cng c li,tt c nhng yu t trn s c gip
sc, h tr bi tr th c lc l ru vang. C th ni ru vang l mt trong nhng
cng c gip hi nhp.
1.1. Khi nim v ru vang
Theo ngha, ru vang l sn phm ln men t qu nho hoc t dch nc nho (c
th ln men t mt s qu khc nh to, o, mn, ..) m khng thng qua chng ct.
Thng t nho trng ch c th sn xut ru vang trng. Tuy nhin, ru vang trng
cng c th thu c t nho m c dch trng nu dch p nho c tch khi b ngay
trc khi ln men. Cn t nho m c dch trng hoc c dch th c th to ra ru
vang hng hoc ru vang nu cho ln men c b, do cc cht mu t v qu s
c ko theo vo trong ru vang.
1.2. Phn loi ru vang
C nhiu cch phn loi vang khc nhau
Cn c vo mu sc ca sn phm phn loi thnh: Vang , vang trng, vang
hng tng ng vi tng loi vang ny m c cc ch tiu v mu sc, trong khc
nhau.
Cn c theo ru, hm lng ng, hm lng acid.. c trong vang m phn
thnh cc loi: vang kh, vang du, vang ngt.. Nhng xu hng chung th vang c
phn thnh hai nhm chnh l vang khng c ga ( trong vang khng c CO 2 ) v vang c
ga (trong vang thnh phm c CO2), trong mi nhm li phn thnh mt s loi khc
nhau tu theo hng, v,.. ca tng loi sn phm.
Bng 2. Phn loi ru vang
Stt
1.
Loi vang
cn ( %v )
ng ( % )
Vang khng gas
1.1
Vang bn n
1.1.a
Cay
914
< 0.3
1.1.b
Na cay
912
0,30,5
1.1.c
Na ngt
912
38
1.2
Vang nng
1.2.a
Nng
1720
114
1.2.b
im tm
a1
Na ngt
1416
520
b1
Ngt
1517
1420
2.
Vang c gas
2.1
Sm banh
2.1.a
Khng ngt
10,5 12,5
< 0,3
2.1.b
Rt cay
10,5 12,5
0,8
2.1.c
Cay
10,5 12,5
2.1.d
Na cay
10,5 12,5
2.1.e
Ngt
10,5 12,5
2.2
Ru vang bt
2.2.a
10,5 12,5
78
2.2.b
Muxcat
10,5 12,5
9 12
2.2.c
Hng
10,5 12,5
67
2.2.d
Vang bt
9 12
38
Ru vang khc vi mt s loi ru cao c lm t ng cc, nho v mt s

loi qu khc nh: (nh sery, to, du..)
Cognac: c lm t nho, trong thng g si c bit.
Armagnac: Sn xut vng Armagnac ( Php ), ging vi ru Cognac nhng
c mi mnh hn.
Brandy tng hp: c lm t cc loi qu khc nhau.
im khc bit ln nht gia ru vang vi cc ru ny l sau khi ln men dch
qu, ngi ta tin hnh chng ct v c tng tr trong iu kin c bit.
Ru vang cng khc vi cc ru cao khc nh:
Rin: sn xut bng ng hoc mt s ng cc.
Vodka: c sn xut t khoai ty hoc mt s ng cc.
Rhum: sn xut t r ng ( Cuba ).
V cng c tin hnh chng ct nh cc ru trn. Ru Liquor c im khc bit
l n c pha ch t cn chng ct v cc loi dch nc qu ngm ng.[1.3]
1.3. Tiu chun cht lng vang

1.3.1. Tiu chun ho l
L ch tiu phn tch nh lng i vi mt s thnh phn c bn c trong vang
thnh phm lm c s xc nh cht lng ca tng loi vang v c quy nh
bng sau:
Bng 3: Tiu chun ho l ca ru vang
Stt
Loi Vang
Hm lng
Hm lng
etylic ( %V)
ng
(g/100ml)
Hm lng acid
theo acid malic
(g/l)
Vang kh
9 14
< 0,3
57
Vang na kh
9 14
0,5 2,5
57
Vang na ngt
9 12
35
57
Vang ngt
13 14
14 15
57
Vang trng ming
14 17
10 16
57
Vang gas
10 12
0,5 8
57
11 13
0,5 8
57
17 20
6 10
57
( nhn to )
7
Vang gas
( t nhin )
Vang nng
Ngoi ra, hm lng acid bay hi ( tnh theo acid axetic ) i vi vang trng 1,2
g/l, vang hng 1,3 g/l, vang 1,4 g/l, hm lng SO2 t do 20 mg/l.
Cc kim loi nng: Cu 4 mg/l, Fe 10 mg/l, Zn 5 mg/l, Pb 0,4 mg/l,..
10
1.3.2. Tiu chun vi sinh vt

Khng c c cc loi vi sinh vt sau: Coliform, E.coli, Samonella, B. cereus..
i vi vi khun hiu kh th 100 khun lc/ml.
1.3.3. Tiu chun cm quan
Ru vang c cha nhiu thnh phn khc nhau, chnh nhng thnh phn ny to
cho ru vang gi tr cm quan khc nhau, em li cho ngi thng thc nhng cm
gic rt c bit. C th ni ru vang l mt hn hp nhiu thnh phn, trong cha
hn 800 cu t bay hi. Mt s thnh phn c t qu nho, cn mt s thnh phn khc
c hnh thnh trong qu trnh ln men hoc qu trnh chn (tng tr).
Hng v ca ru vng l mt thnh phn rt quan trng to ra tnh cht c trng
cng nh cht lng cho ru thnh phm. Cc hp cht hng c mt trong ru vang
c thnh phn ha hc rt a dng, trong c cc hp cht cha nitrogen c phn t
lng nh nhng chng c ngha rt quan trng trong vic to ra gi tr cm quan cho
ru vang.
Tnh cht cm quan v mu sc, trong
Mu sc c trng cho tng loi vang, ty loi nguyn liu cng nh cng ngh sn
xut ru to cho ru c mu sc nht hoc thm khc nhau.
Trng thi trong ca ru phi t sao cho khi cm quan nhn bng mt thng thy
trong v khng c vn c vn c, trong phi sng.
Mu ca ru vang, c bit ru vang ch yu do mu chit ra t v ca
qu nho, trong qu trnh ng chai, tng tr mu ca ru c th b bin i do qu trnh
oxy ha hoc di tc dng ca nh sng, v vy ngi ta thng dng nhng chai sm
mu hoc chai sn chit ru ng thi bo qun ru ni dm mt trnh tip xc
vi nh sng.
Qu trnh bin i mu c th do trong qu trnh tng tr, bo qun oxy ha
cc hp cht anthocyanin lm cho ru b mt mu dn gi tr cm quan v mu khng
cn hp dn na.
Tnh cht cm quan v mi v
Ru vang cht lng tt l loi ru vang c mi thm c trng ca nguyn liu
v sn phm ln men, khng c mi l, mi ca ru vang c to ra mt phn do ru
c hm lng cn nh bay hi ko theo mt s cu t to mi, nhng ch yu l do cc
11
cu t d bay hi c trong ru c hnh thnh t chnh nguyn liu ban u v trong

qu trnh ln men cng nh tng tr ru.
V ca ru cng rt a dng, v ca ru c v chua hoc cht c hoc khng c v
ngt, c bit khng c v l, v chua c to ra do trong ru c mt s axit hu c nh
axit malic, axit tartric, tuy nhiu nu hm lng axit qu nhiu th ru s chua gt v
cht lng ru s gim, cc thnh phn axit ny ch yu l do nguyn liu ban u, nn
ty theo ma v, theo nm sn xut nu nguyn liu khng tt th nh sn xut phi c
cc bin php cng ngh can thip kp thi, nh vi ru vang nu hm lng axit
malic qu cao th phi tin hnh ln men malolactic gim chua cho ru vang thnh
phm.
V gi tr cm quan ca ru vang c mt yu t ht sc quan trng chnh l hu
v ca ru, vi ru vang cht th khi ung xong phi em li cho ngi ung cm gic
cht nh hi se cung hng, kt hp hi ha vi hm lng cn, cng nh v chua ca
cc axit c trong ru. V cht ca ru vang cht ch yu l do hm lng tanin c
trong qu nho chit ra trong qu trnh ly dch qu, do vy phi rt ch trong cng on
lm dp qu lm sao c th chit c lng tanin va cho ru vang thnh phm
sau ny v cng khng c nhiu qu khng s nh hng n qu trnh ln men ca
nm men.
Ngoi cc tnh cht cm quan tt, th trong qu trnh sn xut ru vang vn to ra
nhng mi, hng kh chu khng tt cho gi tr cm quan ca ru nh: mi l, mi hi
chut (mouseness), mi kh chu ny do nhiu nguyn nhn gy ln, c th do cha
nhng hp cht l, cc nhm nitrogen, cc nhm chc mch vng,.. c t nguyn liu
mang vo hoc c to ra trong qu trnh ln men, tng tr sau ny.
Tnh cht cm quan v hng v
Yu t to hng v chnh cho ru vang ch yu l cc hp cht bay hi i theo
vm ming ln c quan khu gic, trong ch yu c cc thnh phn monotecpen nh:
geraniol, linalool c vai tr quan trng trong vic to hng cho nhiu loi ru nho x
nh: Muscat Gordo Blanco v Muscat Frontignan v c nh hng tuy t hn ti loi
ru nho hng cy c (floral) nh to Riesling v Traminer. Ngoi ra cn c cc cu t
methoxypyrazin v d nh isobutylmethoxypyrazin, y l thnh phn quan trng ca
ru vang Sauvignon blanc v Cabernet Sauvignon.
Cc cu t norisoprenoid nh vitispirane-damascenone, chng c bit n nh l
nhng cht hu ht c to ra t nhng cht khng bay hi c trong qu nho chn v c
12
vai tr quan trng trong gi tr cm quan ca cc loi ru vang c in nh Shiraz,

Cabernet
Thnh phn c bn ca ru vang
Ru vang c 4 thnh phn chnh: tannin, cn, axt v mi v.
TANNIN
Cht tannin trong ru c chit xut t ht, v v cung nho. y l mt yu
t quan trng quyt nh thi gian ru ty theo hm lng tannin c trong ru
nhiu hay t. N l mt cht bo qun t nhin c trong nho. Tannin lm nn kt cu
v l thnh phn chnh ca ru. C th cm nhn cht tannin trong vm ming, cht
ging nh cm gic ung nc tr c.
Tannin l thnh phn quan trng trong vic ru hn l ru trng. N nh
l mt cht bo qun v s nht dn. Khi ru cn tr thng c mi thm ca hoa
qu, mi v ca ru s pht trin a dng theo thi gian. iu ny nhn thy r trong
nhng chai ru ngon lu nm. Khi mc tannin t ti cn bng, khng ln
t cc v khc, lc l thi im l tng nht ung v khng nht thit phi
ru thm na.
Tannin cng c nhng c tnh khc nh cht c bit c trong nhng chai ru
vang rt tr hay m nh trong ru Beaujolais
AXIT
Tt c cc loi hoa qu u cn cht axt nh to, chanh, xoi, k c nho. Axt l
cht lm cho hoa qu ti ngon. Nu khng c n th tri cy s tr nn qu ngt v
lm ta pht ngy, cn nu t qu th c nh l ung xir tri cy c ng.
Ging cc loi tri cy, ru cng cn axt . Nu qu t n s tr nn chn ngt
v ngn ngm, c bit l ru ngt . Cn nu qu nhiu axt s tr nn chua gt v
khng th ung c. Mc axt c th cm nhn c bng ming bi v chua
trong ru, c th l hai bn u li.
Mt s loi axt nh axt acetic l loi axt d bay hi, nu c mt lng nh
chng cng c th lm bay ht hng v ca ru. Nu qu nhiu, ru s chua ging
vi cht aceton thm ch l chua nh dm. Ru c hm lng axt cao th thng
c bit l sn xut x lnh nh pha Bc nc Php, nc Anh hay New Zealand.
Cn nu ru c lng axt thp th thuc cc nc c thi tit m hn nh c, ni
m cht axt trong nho thng thp ch m bo cho qu trnh axt ha.
CN
Cn l sn phm ca qu trnh ln men ng t nhin trong nho. n gin l
13
ru vang khng th thiu cn. Hm lng ng trong nho s quyt nh nng

cn ca ru. c, thi tit mt nn nho rt kh chn, hm lng ng rt t do
vy ru ch c nng cn t 7 - 8. Tuy nhin nhng ni c kh hu m, nng
cn s ph thuc khng hon ton vo ng m c nm men. Bi v khi ru t ti
14 cn th nm men s ngng pht trin v cht. V th ru vang c nng trn
15 hu ht l c pha thm cn.
Qu trnh chuyn i ng thnh cn l mt bc sng cn trong qu trnh sn
xut ru. Nhiu nh lm ru vang hin i lun tp trung vo vic kim sot qu
trnh ln men. Qu trnh ln men lun sinh nhit v vy h kim sot qu trnh ln
men trong nhit mt gi nhng hng v ti mt ca tri cy. So snh nhng
loi ru ln men t nhin thy r iu ny. Mc d, qu trnh ln men lun din
ra t nhin nh vo nm men sn c trong nho nhng mt s nh lm ru thch dng
men nui to ra nhng c tnh rt ring cho ru nh ru Beaujolais c mi
chui.
MI V
V ca ru rt a dng, n ty thuc vo ging nho ( c trng u, v thu
hoch, thi tit nm th no, thi im thu hoch, qui trnh sn xut, ... ). Ngoi
ra, v ca ru cn b nh hng ca mt s yu t sau:
- V ngt
R rng l nu qu trnh ln men b hm li th mc tng ca nng cn s t
i. V vy trong ru vn cn mt lng ng . K c khi qu trnh ln men khng
b can thip th hu ht lng ng trong ru l 1g/l. Bi mt s hn hp ng
ngn cn , chng li s pht trin ca nm men nn hm lng ng cn li
s quyt nh ngt ca ru. Tuy nhin, cho d nhng loi ru kh nht cng
cha mt hm lng ng nht nh. Hu ht nhng loi ru kh u c lng
ng t nht t 2g/l n 25g/l, lng ng trong ru cng nhiu th ru cng
ngt hn.
- G si
Nhiu loi ru c trng thnh trong thng g si thm ch mt s loi cn
ln men trong thng ri. G si c ly t nhiu ngun (nhng ch yu l t rng
ca Php hoc M) s cho ru nhng c tnh khc nhau.Nhng ni chung ru
nui trng thnh trong thng g si s c v ca b, c ph, caramel, vali, v cay v
b nu.
G Si Php cho nhiu hng b cn si M cho mi vali v hng vi m
hn. Mc d ni vy nhng c rt nhiu bin i trong phn ng ha hc ny . Tt
14
c ph thuc vo thng si c hay mi, s dng li bao nhiu ln, ru c nui

trong thng bao nhiu lu, ru ch c nui trng thnh trong thng si hay l
c ln men trong thng si, thng si c x l th no.
Thng si c t xung quanh bng v bo ca g si s cho mi khi v mi
nng. Cn thng si no c s dng k thut ng thng bng hi nc th s cho
hng v ca thc n lm t ng cc.
- Nm Botrytis
Nm Botrytis l mt loi mc c li cho nho, sinh sng trn v nho chn. Nho b
nhim nm Botrytis trng rt xu, bc mu v nhn nheo. Nhng ru lm t loi
nho ny rt ngon nh ru ca vng Sauternes. Botrytis lm gim lung nc v
tng hm lng ng trong nho. V th sn lng ru cng s gim v gi s cao.
Botrytis thng xut hin nhng vng c nhiu nc v sng m nh vng
Sauternes Bordeaux v xung quanh vng Neusiederlersee c. , bui sang
sng m nhiu lm cho nho m t, nng bui chiu lm tan sng m v se mt
nho. Nu nhng ni no thi tit qu m t, sng m bao ph sut ngy th chc
chn nho s b thi ra v mt l do na lm gi ru cao l khi thu hoch nhng loi
nho ny cn rt cn thn v cn nhiu ngi i tng gc hi tng chm nho ch
khng c dng my thu hoch. Ru c lm t nhng loi nho ny c mi
rt thm ca hoa qu, ngt v rt snh.
- Men
Trong nhiu loi ru, men l nhn t chnh to ra hng v cho ru. Khi ru
ln men hon ton n thng b vn c v cn, to ra bi nhng t bo men
cht. Chnh v th ngi ta dng nhiu k thut khc nhau lc cn ra khi
ru. Nu ru cha cn trong thi gian di s lm tng bo, c mi v ca bnh
m v bnh biscuits. K thut ny c dng tng thm s su sc cho nhiu loi
Champagne, cng nh Muscadet, ru trng Burgundy (bao gm c mt s Chablis)
v mt s ru trng khc. Ngoi ra cn c mt s v khc nh: khong cht, c tnh
ca vng t v v mng ty.
1. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th ru vang
Trong thi i nn kinh t th trng th ru vang tr thnh mt sn phm
thng mi c th sn xut v kinh doanh em li li nhun rt ln. Nhng nm gn y
khi m i sng nhn dn ta kh hn trc rt nhiu th nhu cu khng ch dng li
vic n no mc m m c nng ln mt nc mi l phi thng thc ci ngon, ci
p ca vn ho m thc; ngi ta ang chuyn t ung bia sang ung ru vang.
15
Trc kia ngnh sn xut v tiu th ru vang ch tp trung cc nc Chu u,

Bc M v Chu c do ru vang cn qu t i vi i b phn nhn dn trn th gii,
th n nay kinh t ca cc nc ang dn pht trin v i sng nhn dn c ci thin
ng k th nhu cu thng thc ru vang khng ch n thun nh mt loi ung
m n cn c trng vn ho m thc tng ln ng k.
Trong vi nm gn y, ru vang ca n v Trung Quc xm nhp th
trng quc t v bc i sp ti h s tn cng cc quc gia vn ni ting v sn xut
ru vang nh Php. Hin nay, mi nm n xut khu hn 250.000 chai vang ho
hng. Con s ny nh du mt bc tin trong ngnh sn xut ru vang ca n v
ch vi chc nm trc quc gia ny hu nh chng c chai vang no c th ung c.
Vit Nam l mt nc ng Nam , c vng nhit i kh hu m nn ngh trng
nho sn xut ru vang ch pht trin mt s vng kh hu thch hp nh Ninh Thun,
Bc Bnh Thun, Lt, Bc Ninh,... Vang ca Vit Nam thng sn xut t nhiu loi
qu v ln men bng siro dch qu nn cht lng khng cao (do mt i hng, v ca
qu ti).
V vy mc tiu t ra cho ngnh sn xut ru vang cn thc hin l:
-Xy dng ngnh sn xut ru vang c ch ng trn th trng ni a. S dng
ti a ngun nguyn liu trong nc sn xut ra sn phm c cht lng cao, a dng
ho v chng loi, ci tin bao b mu m, phn u h gi thnh, nng cao kh nng
cnh tranh, p ng nhu cu trong nc v c sn phm xut khu, tng ngun thu ngn
sch, hi nhp vng chc kinh t khu vc v th gii.
-Khuyn khch cc thnh phn kinh t tham gia sn xut, ru vang c cht lng
gn vi ru vang quc t.
nh hng pht trin:
-V thit b cng ngh: hin i ho cng ngh, ng dng nhng thit b cng
ngh hin i ca th gii m bo cc tiu chun cht lng, an ton v sinh thc
phm, mi trng theo qui nh ca Vit Nam v quc t sn phm c kh nng cnh
tranh ngy cng cao trn th trng trong v ngoi nc.
-V u t: tp trung vo cc nh my c cng sut thit k ln, pht huy ti a
nng lc ca cc c s sn xut c thit b v cng ngh tin tin, ng thi tin hnh u
t m rng nng lc sn xut ca mt s nh my hin c a dng ho hnh thc u t
phng thc huy ng vn ca cc thnh phn kinh t trong nc, y mnh c phn ho
i vi nhng doanh nghip nh nc.
16
3. Nguyn liu v tiu chun nguyn liu.

3.1. S lc v nguyn liu nho
Nho c ngun gc vng bc bn cu, c bit l vng kh hu n i thuc
Chu u, Bc m, Trung M v Ty Bc ca Nam M thuc di Andes. Cy nho thch
hp nhit cao va phi cho s n hoa v th phn. Vng trng nho yu cu kh hu
kh, nhiu nng v t ma. Nhng vng ma nhiu, vi lng ma 1000 mm tr ln
khng thch hp cho s hnh thnh v pht trin hoa, qu; khng nhng th cn kch thch
s pht trin ca su bnh.
Nho thuc h Vitis. Nho l loi tri cy dng lm nguyn liu truyn thng sn xut
ru vang. Da vo ngun gc ca ging nho, c th chia thnh 2 nhm c bn:
Nho trng: tri nho khi chn v khng c mu hoc c mu vng lc nht.
Nho : tri nho khi chn c mu tm nhng mc khc nhau.
Trong sn xut vang trng, c th s dng c nho trng v nho . Tuy nhin, khi sn
xut vang trng vi nho th cng on x l nguyn liu phc tp hn. Do , ngi ta
thng s dng nho trng sn xut ru vang trng.
m bo cho sn phm c cht lng cao, cn phi tch v x l ring cc chm
nho, qu nho b dp trong qu trnh thu hi nho chn.
Phn ln cc loi nho dng lm ru vang trng v khi c gt hi th s t
khong 0,65% acid v 23o Brix.
a s, cc ngh nhn lm ru vang quyt nh thi im gt hi nho bng thng qua
vic nh gi mu sc nho v nm qu nho.
Bo qun nho nguyn liu: c th bo qun bng kho lnh nhm hn ch vi sinh vt
pht trin.
Cy nho c th trng c trong nhiu loi t ai khc nhau. Tuy nhin, t c
cht lng cao nht, t trng cn t mt mc cn bng v thnh phn (t st, silic,
vi, cht mn v cht khong). Mt yu t quan trng khc l t l gia cc loi t
st, t tht v ct. dy lp t mt, nhit v mu t cng nh hng n cht
lng nho lm ru.
Vit Nam, c im kh hu kh v nng nh tnh Ninh Thun tng i ph hp
cho s sinh trng v pht trin ca cy nho. Theo s liu kh tng cho thy vng ny
c nhit cao quanh nm khng c ma ng nh cc tnh pha Bc, m bo cho s
sinh trng v gi c mu xanh quanh nm, khng c hin tng ngh ng nh cc
nc n i. Lng ma hng nm thp, trung bnh 879,8 mm/nm, m khng kh
trung bnh 76,67%. Thi gian chiu sng nhiu, s gi nng bnh qun trn 7 gi mi
ngy l iu kin tt cho sinh trng, pht trin v cho nng sut cao.
Nho thch hp trn t bi tch ph nhiu, c thnh phn ct nh v tht pha ct, t
ti d lm c kt cu tt v pH thch hp cho nho pht trin l 6,5 7,5.
17
Cc ging nho c trng ph bin Vit Nam

- Ging nho Cardinal: cy c sc sng trung bnh n cao. Chm hoa ra t
th 1 8. Chm qu ln trung bnh, hnh nn ct hoc nn di. Qu c mu sng hoc
sm kh hp dn, hnh cu hoc hnh ellip, qu thng c 2 -3 ht; chn khng u.
Cht lng qu trung bnh vi 14 15oBrix.
- Nho tm Ribier: cy c sc sng mnh, l to; chm qu v dng qu tng t nh
nho Cardinal v n l ging b ca nho . Qu c mu tm en, khi lng qu kh
ln 4,5 5 g, v qu mng. Cht lng qu trung bnh vi 14 16o Brix.
- Ging NH.01-48: ging ny c nhp t Thi Lan, nm 1997, cy c sc sng
trung bnh. L mu xanh nht, nhn, chm qu trung bnh n ln c hnh nn di. Khi
lng chm qu trung bnh 330 350 g, khi chn qu c mu xanh vng, v qu dy d
tch ra khi phn tht qu. Cht lng qu tt vi 17 18o Brix, nng xut cao 12 15
tn/ha, ging ny c trng nhiu Ninh Thun.
- Ging Black Queen: ging ny c nhp t Thi Lan, nm 1997, cy c sc
sng t trung bnh n cao, chm hoa c hnh dng kh p. Chm qu c hnh nn, kch
thc ln; khi lng chm 350 450 (g). Cht lng qu tt vi 16 17o Brix, nng
sut 12 - 15 tn/ha.
- Ging Red star: ging ny c nhp t M, nm 1998. Cy c sc sng trung
bnh, l mu xanh nht, t lng. Chm qu hnh nn, kch thc ln; khi lng chm
600 800 g. Cht lng qu tt 16 17o Brix, nng sut 12 14 tn/ha.
- Ging NH.02 - 04: y l ging nho ru c trin vng nht, c nhp t Php,
nm 1994. Cy c sc sng cao, l trn mu xanh nht, t lng. Chm hoa c hnh dng
di, t phn nhnh; chm qu hnh nn thun di, khi lng chm qu 200 250 g. Qu
hnh cu, khi chn qu c mu xanh hi vng, axit v ng cao 16 18o Brix, v
qu mng; nng xut kh cao 15 18 tn/ha.
- Ging Chambourcin (NH.02 - 10): y cng l mt trong nhng ging nho ru,
c nhp t c, nm 1994. Cy c sc sng trung bnh, l hnh tim, mng, mu xanh
m; chm hoa phn nhnh nhiu. Chm qu c hnh nn hi thun di, khi lng
chm qu t 150 200 g; qu hnh cu, khi chn c mu en sm. Hng v thm, chua
ngt; v qu dy. axit v ng cao (16 17o Brix), nng sut trung bnh 8 10
tn/ha. Ru vang v nc ngt ch bin t ging nho ny c mu sc kh hp dn.
- Ging Rubi red (NH.02 - 09): ging ny c nhp t c, nm 1994. Cy c sc
sng trung bnh, l hi trn, dy, mu xanh nht; chm qu c hnh nn hi trn, khi
lng chm qu bin ng kh ln t 50 150 g. Qu hnh cu, khi chn c mu en
sm; hng v thm, chua, ngt. axit v ng cao (18 20o Brix), nng sut
18
trung bnh 7 - 10 tn/ha. Ru vang v nc ngt ch bin t ging nho ny c mu sc

kh hp dn.
Din tch v sn lng
Din tch trng cy nho trn th gii khong 10 triu ha. Chu u l khu vc c
din tch trng nho ln nht th gii, nhng nc trng nhiu nho l B o Nha, Th
Nh K, Php, Italia, Nga, v M.
Nng sut nho trn th gii dao ng kh ln, t 5,2 27,0 tn/ha. Thp nht l Iran v
Triu Tin, nhng nc c nng sut cao l n v H Lan
Vit Nam cy nho c trng tp trung ch yu tnh Ninh Thun v Bc Bnh
Thun vi din tch khong 2.500 2.700 v mt s t pha Nam tnh Khnh Ho, trn
cc vng kh hu kh nng v c lng ma thp. Trong nhng nm gn y, cy nho
c pht trin ra c cc tnh pha Bc, Vng c kh hu nhit i m.
Ti vng Ninh Thun, cy nho c tim nng nng sut rt cao, trn mt ha c th
thu c 30 40 tn mi nm mt cch n nh nu c k thut ph hp.
Tnh hnh s dng cc sn phm t nho
- Nho n ti: ngha l c tiu th di dng qu ti. Cc ging ny c mu
sc b ngoi, mi v hp dn, vn chuyn i xa khng b dp nt, th qu cng, v qu
dai.. Cc ging nho n ti ch yu l Thompson Seedless, Tokay, Black Queen,
Redstar, NH.01-48..
- Nho kh: l nhng ging nho trng lm kh nho. Nhng ging nho ny
thng c cu trc qu mm, khng ht, hm lng ng cao, hng v d chu v t b
dnh khi bo qun sn phm. Dng vo mc ch ny thng l cc ging nho khng ht
nh Thompson, Seedless, Black corinth, Seedless sultana..
- Nho ru: l cc ging nho trng sn xut ru vang v mt s ru mnh
cao cp, t tin. Loi nho ny c trng ch yu Chu u, Nam Phi, Bc Phi, Nam
M v c vi cc ging nh White Riesling, Chardonnay, Chambourcin, Ruby Red,
NH.02 - 04..
- Nho lm nc ngt: l nhng ging nho c dch nc p ngt lm ung.
Nc qu nho c th gi li c hng v t nhin ca nho ti thng qua vic lc v
bo qun. M ngi ta dng ging Concord, Php dng ging Aramon v Carignan,
cc nc Trung u dng ging White Riesling.
- Nho ng hp: cc ging nho khng ht nh Thompson Seedless v Canner
thng c dng ng hp chung vi cc loi tri cy khc.
19
Tiu chun i vi nho lm ru.

Nho phi c thu hoch ng thi im t chin k thut, ti thi im ny hm
lng ng v hm lng axit phi t t l cn i v thch hp nht cho sn xut vang
nho. Trong qu trnh thu hoch, nho chn bao gi cng c mt s chm nho v qu nho b
dp, nn vic tch ring v x l nho dp l rt cn thit nhm m bo cht lng vang
thnh phm. Nho dng lm nguyn liu sn xut ru vang phi tha mn cc iu kin
sau:
Nho phi cha nhiu nc.
Hm lng ng c th ln men dc cao.
Hm lng axut hu c cao.
Mang sc t c trng.
3.2 H vi sinh vt trong nm men
H vi sinh vt trong ln men ru vang t nhin tng i phc tp v khng ng
nht trong cc giai on ca qu trnh ln men.
Trong nc nho ti c nhng nhm vi sinh vt khc nhau t mi trng xung
quanh, ch yu v qu, thn, cung v thit b. Phn ln trong phc h ny l nm mc
(76 90%), nm men (9 22%), s cn li chim t l thp l vi khun khng sinh bo
t hoc c bo t, x khun v Micobacter.
acid ca nc nho kh cao (pH = 2,7 3,8) l iu kin khng thun li cho
cc vi sinh vt pht trin.
mi trng c chua ln thng ch thch hp vi nm mc v nm
men. Nm men trong nc qu ti thng t hn nm mc, nhng nm men li c kh
nng pht trin v tng sinh khi nhanh trong iu kin thiu oxy hoc k kh, ng thi
ln men tch t cn. iu kin k kh v trong dung dch c cn lm c ch nm
mc. Chnh trong iu kin ny nm men cnh tranh v pht trin chim u th trong
qu trnh ln men t nhin.
Trong cc loi nm men cng cnh tranh nhau ch c cc loi c kh nng ng
ha ng nhanh to cn cao mi dn dn chim u th giai on ln men chnh v
ln men ph.
Cc cng trnh nghin cu u xc nh rng, h nm men trong giai on u ln
men nc nho l kloeckera nm men c dng hnh chy chim phn ln v hot ng
tch t c 2 4 cn ri ngng hot ng v cht dn, sau l nm men ru vang
thc th (Saccharomyces cerevisiae v Saccharomyces oviformics) pht trin v ng vai
tr ch yu trong ln men chnh v ln men ph.
3.3. Nm men
Nm men l tn chung ch nhm nm men c cu to v sinh sn bng cch ny chi
v phn ct. Chng phn b rng ri khp ni. c bit chng c mt nhiu t trng
20
nho v cc ni trng hoa qu. Ngoi ra thy chng c mt trn tri cy chn, trong nhy
hoa, trong khng kh v c ni sn xut ru vang.
Sau y l mt s loi nm men thng gp trong nc qu c vai tr quan trng
trong ngh lm ru vang.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae:
y l tn hin nay dng ph bin, trc y ngi ta gi l Saccharomyces
cerevisiae Meyer hay l S. ellipsoideustheo Lodder l Saccharomyces vini.
Nm men ny ph bin trong qu trnh ln men nc qu chim ti 80% trong tng
s Saccharomyces c trong nc qu khi ln men. Kh nng kt lng ca n ph thuc
vo tng ni: cc t bo dng bi hoc dng bng. Ngun dinh dng cacbon ca loi
ny l ng, cn v acid hu c, nhng tc nhn sinh trng l acid pantotinic, biotin,
mezoinozit, thiamin v piridoxin.
a s cc t bo ca loi ny hnh ovan c kch thc (3 8) x (5 12) m, sinh sn
theo li ny chi v to thnh bo t. Saccharomyces cerevisiae sinh ra enzyme
invectara c kh nng kh ng sacaroza thnh fructoza v glucoza, v vy trong ln
men ta c th b sung loi ng ny vo dung dch qu v hm lng ru c to
thnh bnh thng i vi nhiu ni ca men ny ch t c 8 10% so vi th tch.
giai on cui ln men Saccharomyces cerevisiae kt lng nhanh v lm trong dch
ru.
ni ca ging ny c c tnh ring v kh nng to cn, chu sunfit, tng hp cc
cu t bay hi v cc sn phm th cp to ra cho vang c mi v c trng ring bit.
Giai on cui cng ca qu trnh ln men cc t bo Saccharomyces
cerevisiae thng b gi, khng tip tc chuyn ng thnh cn v b cht rt nhanh.
Saccharomyces uvarum:
Men ny c tch t nc nho, ru len men t nhin. V hnh thi n khng khc
vi cc loi khc. Kh nng sinh bo t kh mnh trn mi trng thch malt. Cc ni
ca loi ny c th ln men 12 130 cn trong dung dch nc nho. Mt vi ni c
dng trong sn xut ru vang.
Saccharomyces chevalieri:
Theo Lodder l Saccharomyces chevalieri Guilliermond. Nm men ny c tch t
nc nho ln men t nhin, t ru vang non c gy men nc da hoc nc
c. Saccharomyces chevalieri thun chng ln men nc nho c th to 160 cn. N
thng ln vi Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Saccharomyces oviformics:
Theo Lodder l Sac. Beuanes saccardo. c tch ra t nc nho t ln men, nhng
loi nm men ny t hn so viSacch. vini. Ging thun chng pht trin tt trong nc
nho v cc loi nc qu khc, c kh nng chu c ng cao, cn cao, ln men kit
ng v to thnh ti 180 cn.
21
Cc yu t sinh trng ca loi ny ging nh Sacch. vini v c kh nng chu c

cn cao. Dng cc ni thun chng ca ging ny ln men dch qu c hm lng ng
cao ch vang kh cho kt qu tt.
C hnh dng ging nh Saccharomyces cerevisiae v c th to thnh 18% ru
trong qu trnh ln men, ging ny to thnh mng trn dch qu. S. oviformis ln men
c glucose, fructose, mantose, saccarose, maltose v 1/3 rafinose, khng ln men c
lactose, pentose. iu khc nhau c bn ca S. oviformis vi S. vini l: S.
oviformis khng ln men c galactose v men ni ln b mt dch ln men to thnh
mng. Hai ging sn xut ru vang ny (S. vini v S. oviformis) c nhiu ni c dng
trong sn xut.
Hanseniaspora apiculate Kloeckera apiculata:
Kloeckera apiculata: kch thc tng i nh, c hnh ovan elip hoc hnh qu
chanh, t bo c mt u nh ngi ta thng gi l men hnh chy. Sinh sn bng ny
chi, rt ph bin v qu v nhim vo nc qu chim n 90% tng s men khi bt
u ln men. N c th ln men to thnh 6 70 cn, nhng to ra mt lot cc acid bay
hi cng nh cc este ca chng lm cho dch c mi tp v n cn km hm cc loi
nm men chnh trong ln men, K. apiculata nhy cm vi SO2.
Trong ngh lm ru vang ngi ta khng mong mun loi men ny pht trin, nu
c th ch cn c trong giai on u to c 3 40 cn.
Tiu chun i vi nm men lm ru
Cc loi nm men thun khit dng nhiu trong sn xut ru vang thuc
ging Saccharomyces cerevisiae vSaccharomyces oviformis.
Cc chng nm men thun khit ny, c s khc nhau v tc sinh trng, khong
nhit thch hp ln men, kh nng to cn v chu cn, kh nng chu c pH thp
cng nh kh nng kt lng (to thnh dng bng hoc dng bi).
- Nhng yu cu i vi nm men ru vang l:
+ C hot lc ln men cao i vi nc qu.
+ S dng ng cho ln men gn nh hon ton.
+ Kt lng tt.
+ Lm trong dch ru nhanh.
+ Chu c ru cao v acid ca mi trng cng nh cc cht st trng.
22
Chng 2: LA CHN A IM XY DNG NH MY

1. Tm quan trng ca la chn a im xy dng nh my
a im ca nh my c tc ng lu di n hot ng v li ch ca doanh
nghip. ng thi n cng c nh hng n cc yu t x hi khc. Xc nh a im
ca nh my hp l to iu kin tip xc vi khch hng, nng cao kh nng thu ht
khch hng, thm nhp v chim lnh thtrng mi, thc y sn xut kinh doanh pht
trin, tng doanh thu v li nhun. N cho php nh my xc nh, la chn nhng khu
vc c iu kin ti nguyn v mi trng kinh doanh thun li, khai thc cc li th ca
mi trng nhm tn dng, pht huy tt nht tim nng bn trong. Quyt nh v a
im ca nh my l mt loi quyt nh c tnh chin lc. Xc nh a im doanh
nghip l bin php quan trng gim gi thnh sn phm. Quyt nh xc nh a im
doanh nghip nh hng mnh m n chi ph tc nghip, c bit l chi ph vn chuyn
nguyn liu v sn phm. Ngc li, nu la chn b tr t nh my khng hp l c th
dn n vic ngng hot ng ca nh my. V vy khi chn a im ca nh my ta cn
tin hnh cn thn, c tm nhn xa, xem xt mt cch ton din c k n kh nng pht
trin, m rng doanh nghip trong tng lai. Cn nu ln t nht hai phng n tnh
ton so snh v mt kinh t, k thut Trong mi trng hp, a im c chn cn
c s nht tr ca cc c quan quy hoch v chnh quyn a phng.
2. Cc nguyn tc la chn a im xy dng nh my
Nh my phi c t nm gn ngun nguyn liu.
Giao thng: Nh my t gn ng giao thng chnh ( ng b, ng thy,
ng st, ng hng khng) thun tin cho vic vn chuyn nguyn liu, sn
phm
Ngun in, nc: C nc trong mng li sinh hot thnh ph, nc ging
khoan ( su ging t 40m 120m, nu cn qu nc s nhim, su qu th
nc d c kim loi nng). Gn mng li in quc gia.
Nm trong khu quy hoch ca thnh ph, khu vc m bo an ninh quc phng.
Nn t gn khu dn c.
La chn ni c kh hu, thi tit, i hnh thun li tng i bng phng, mch
nc ngm su di lng t.
23
3. Xc nh v phn tch cc nhn t chnh nh hng ti vic la chn a im

nh my ru vang
3.1. Nhn t nguyn liu
i vi nh my sn xut ru vang nho th nguyn liu l yu t mang tnh cht
quyt nh i vi nh my. y l yu t i hi tt yu. Do cht lng v c im ca
nguyn liu nho s dng trong qu trnh sn xut l thi gian bo qun ngn, ng thi
cht lng v tnh cht vt l ca qu v hm lng ng c th b gim xung trong
qu trnh vn chuyn. t gn ngun nguyn liu cng l gim c chi ph vn chuyn
v tit kim c chi ph lp t cc thit b bo qun trong khi vn chuyn.V th
hot ng ca nh my c hiu qu cn phi t gn vng ngun nguyn liu.
3.2. C s h tng
3.2.1. Giao thng
Nh my cn t gn cc ng giao thng chnh thun tin cho vic vn chuyn.
S lng ln nho nguyn liu cn phi vn chuyn cho nh my trong thi gian
ngn m bo cht lng. V giao thng l nhn t gp phn ln m bo
iu kin trn.
Sn phm ca ru vang nho c gi thnh cao, v sn phm c ng gi trong
cc chai thy tinh (d v). Giao thng cn phi thun tin qu trnh vn chuyn
sn phm c an ton.
ng thi, giao thng thun li cng thu ht c s ch ca cc nh u t.
3.2.2. in: Cn t gn mng li in quc gia.
3.2.3. Nc
Nc l yu t rt quan trng trong cc nh my thc phm c bit l nh my
sn xut ung, c th y l nh my ru vang. c th kim sot c cht
lng nc cng nh m bo qu trnh cung cp nc l lin tc th nh my nn c h
thng nc ging khoan ( su t 40m 120m).
3.3. Th trng tiu th
Trong iu kin pht trin nh hin nay, th trng tiu th tr thnh mt nhn t
quan trng nht tc ng n quyt nh a im doanh nghip. Cc doanh nghip
thng coi vic b tr gn ni tiu th l mt b phn trong chin lc cnh tranh ca
mnh. iu ny c ngha c bit quan trng i vi cc doanh nghip hot ng
24
trong lnh lc dch v, doanh nghip gn th trng c li th cnh tranh. xc nh

a im t doanh nghip, cn thu thp, phn tch, x l cc thng tin th trng nh:
Dung lng th trng; c cu v tnh cht ca nhu cu; xu hng pht trin ca th
trng; tnh cht v tnh hnh cnh tranh; c im sn phm v loi hnh kinh doanh
3.4. a hnh v c im khu t
a hnh, a cht, thu vn, kh tng, ti nguyn, sinh thi.
m bo yu cu xy dng cng trnh bn vng, n nh, m bo nh
my hot ng bnh thng quanh nm.
3.5. Lc lng lao ng
Thng doanh nghip t u th s dng ngun lao ng ti l ch yu. c
im ca ngun lao ng nh kh nng p ng v s lng, cht lng lao ng,
trnh chuyn mn, tay ngh nh hng trc tip ti nng sut lao ng v kt qu hot
ng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip sau ny.
Ngun lao ng di do, c o to, c trnh chuyn mn, k nng tay ngh
cao l mt trong nhng yu t thu ht s ch ca cc doanh nghip. C nhiu ngnh
cn lao ng ph thng phi c phn b gn ngun lao ng nh nhng khu dn c;
nhng cng c ngnh cn lao ng c tay ngh cao, i hi gn thnh ph ln, gn trung
tm o to nghin cu khoa hc.
Chi ph lao ng c ngha c bit quan trng i vi quyt nh a im doanh
nghip. Chi ph lao ng r rt hp dn cc doanh nghip, cc doanh nghip thng
mun t doanh nghip mnh nhng ni c chi ph lao ng thp.
3.6. Quan h x hi
Tnh hnh dn s, phong tc tp qun, cc chnh sch pht trin kinh t, kh nng cung
cp lao ng v nng sut lao ng.
Cc hot ng kinh t ca a phng v nng nghip, cng nghip, dch v.
Cu trc h tng k thut ca a phng: in, nc, giao thng vn ti, thng
tin lin lc, gio dc
25
4. La chn s b 3 ia im
4.1. Khu cng nghip Quang Chu tnh Bc Giang.
Ngun nguyn liu: Bc Giang cc vng Lc Nam, Lc Ngn, Yn Dng l cc
vng c th trng v pht trin ngnh trng nho. Do t y nhiu mn, thot
nc tt, a hnh khng b chia ct nhiu v nho l loi cy khng s iu kin
nhit , n c th chu nhit t (-20oC 45oC) c th chu c iu kin thi tit
chia lm 4 ma r rt y. ng thi pha Bc gip vi Lng Sn cng l mt
vng c th pht trin nho nguyn liu Vit Nam.
C s h tng: ng giao thng ni b, thot nc ma, thu gom nc thi, trm
x l nc thi, trm in Quang Chu, 110/22KV, 2x40MVA h thng cung
cp in 22KV; trm cp nc 10.000 m3/ngy v h thng cung cp nc sch
n hng ro doanh nghip; cc dch v bu chnh vin thng, ngn hng, hi
quan, kho ngoi quan dch v logistics
Th trng: Bc Giang cch th H Ni 35km, l mt th trng tiu th ln
ca c nc. V tr ca tnh nm trn hnh lang kinh t Lng Sn - H Ni - Hi
Phng - Qung Ninh, cnh tam gic kinh t trng im pha Bc (H Ni-Hi
Phng-Qung Ninh) rt thun li cho vic pht trin v lin kt vng. TP Bc
Giang (th ph ca tnh) cch Th H Ni 50km; cch ca khu Hu Ngh
Quan sang CHND Trung Hoa 110 km; cch sn bay quc t Ni Bi 50 km; cch
cng bin Hi Phng v cng bin nc su Ci Ln-Qung Ninh 130 km. T y
c th d dng thng thng vi cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii.
a hnh v c im khu t: Do ch yu l trung du v min ni nn a cht ca
tnh c nh gi tng i tt, nn t bng phng m bo cho vic t nh
my.
Lc lng lao ng: Hin Bc Giang c dn s hn 1.569,5 triu ngi. Lc
lng lao ng trong tui lao ng c 1.021 nghn ngi, chim 70,7%, y l
tim nng v li th ca tnh. C cu nhn lc theo trnh chuyn mn k thut
chuyn dch theo hng tch cc ph hp vi yu cu pht trin ca x hi, t
trng ngi lao ng cha qua o to trong thnh phn lao ng tham gia cc
ngnh kinh t quc dn gim dn, ngi lao ng qua o to cc trnh v c
bit l ngi lao ng c trnh t i hc tr ln tng cao vi tc tng i
nhanh. Gn th H Ni, y l th trng lao ng trnh cao v y tim
nng.
Quan h x hi: Cch thnh ph Bc Giang 15 km, gn vi 4 khu cng nghip cn
li ca tnh, thun li cho vic thng thng.
26
4.2. Cm Cng nghip Ph Hi- Lm ng

Ngun nguyn liu: Mc thch nghi ca cy trng trn cc loi t phc v
cho sn xut nng nghip ti Lt c nh gi cao, t vng vng ny
thch hp trng cc loi cy n qu. Vi c im kh hu thun li cng vi th
nhng tt nh vy m nm 2007 Daniel Carsol cng ng Trn Ph Lc Gim
c Cty CP Ru Bia Lt (Dalat Beco) tm c mt khu t l tng thuc
tiu khu 161 x T Nung v cng nhau hp tc thnh lp Cty lin doanh nho
Lt, v 50 ngn cy ging nho cc loi (Cabernet, Merlot, Syrah, Caladoc)
nhanh chng c nhp t Php v trng trn ni T Nung. T 2009 cho n nay
nho trn ni T Nung cho thu hoch v trin khai d n trng 30 hcta nho
Php ti n Dng. Tip theo s thnh cng Cty TNHH Vnh Tin nhp v
3.200 gc nho Sangiovece, Syrah, Melot trng th nghim ti vn m v
ang chun b trng i tr trn din tch 60 hcta ti Lc Dng. Cc huyn ny
u lin k v c cao, kh hu gn ging Lt. y l 1 tnh hiu tt cho s
pht trin vng chuyn canh nho ti Vit Nam ti Lt trong tng lai.
C s h tng:
Giao thng: thun tin giao thng i Thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc tnh B
Ra - Vng Tu, cc tnh duyn hi min Trung v Ty nguyn.
Ngun in: T trm bin p 110 KV c Trng. B tr trong KCN 01 trm
bin p 110/220 KV. Lp t 03 trm bin p 22/0,2 KV.
Ngun nc: ngun nc mt sng a Nhim v nc ngm.
Th trng: Cch Thnh ph H Ch Minh: 270 km. Cch Thnh ph Lt: 30
km. Tp. H Ch Minh l th trng tiu th ln nht trong c nc. Hn na cm
cng nghip Ph Hi - Lm ng Cch Lt 35 km v hng ng Bc v
cch th x Bo Lc 80 km v hng Ty Ty Nam; cch sn bay Lin Khng
03km; nm st Quc l 20 gia Lt v Du Giy ang c u t xy dng
ng cao tc, thun tin giao thng i Thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc tnh B
Ra - Vng Tu, cc tnh duyn hi min Trung v Ty nguyn, cch cng bin
Bnh Thun 130Km.
a hnh v c im khu t: Cm Cng nghip Ph Hi- c Trng - Lm
ng l huyn nm vng gia ca Lm ng, c cao t 600 1000 m so vi
mc nc bin. a hnh ch yu l bnh sn nguyn, ni cao v dc; a cht t
bin ng, m bo nh my hot ng lu di, khng b st ln.
Lc lng lao ng: Nm 2010 ton tnh Lm ng c 346.287 nghn ngi
trong tui lao ng, chim khong 57,5% dn s, s ngi trong tui lao
ng tng thm bnh qun mi nm khong 3.000 - 4.000 ngi. i ng lao
ng c o to, c chuyn mn k thut ca tnh cn hn ch. S ngi t
trnh t s cp, c chng ch ngh tr ln chim 26% (trong cao ng, i
hc tr ln chim 4,4%; trung hc chuyn nghip 5,9%; cng nhn k thut c
27
bng 1,5%, cng nhn k thut khng bng 8,3%, s cp/chng ch ngh 2,9%).
Cn li phn ln l lao ng khng c chuyn mn k thut chim 74%. Phn ln
lao ng trn a bn tnh lm vic trong cc ngnh nng, lm, ng nghip (nm
2010 chim t l 55%);lao ng trong cc lnh vc cng nghip - xy dng v
dch v c xu hng chim t trng ngy cng tng trong c cu lao ng x hi.
Quan h x hi: Cch TP Lt 35km v hng ng Bc v cch TP H Ch
Minh 270km v hng Ty Nam.Cm Cng nghip Ph Hi thu ht v b tr d
n u t thuc cc nhm ngnh ngh: sn xut cc sn phm du lch, ch bin
nng sn thc phm, ch bin lm sn, vt liu xy dng, ho cht, luyn
kim.gn vi khu Cng nghip Lc Sn v cc cm cng nghip cn li trong
tnh.
4.3. Khu cng nghip Thnh Hi tnh Ninh Thun
Ninh Thun l mt tnh ven bin thuc vng Nam Trung B ca Vit Nam. Phn t lin
Ninh Thun nm trong gii hn 1118- 1110 v bc v 10839-10914 kinh
ng, pha bc gip tnh Khnh Ho, pha nam gip Bnh Thun, pha ty gip Lm
ng, pha ng c b bin di 105 km.
Ngun nguyn liu: Ninh Thun l qu hng ca vic trng nho, mt c sn ni
ting trong nc... Din tch trng nho ca tnh khong 2.500 ha, tp trung ch yu
huyn Ninh Phc, Ninh Hi v th x Phan Rang -Thp Chm, vi nhiu loi ging nho
mi nng sut cht lng cao, sn lng hng nm n nh t 60 - 65 ngn tn.
C s h tng:
H thng ng giao thng: c quy hach khp kn lin hon, lin thng
vi h thng giao thng bn ngai bng vic u ni trc tip vi tnh l 704 v vi
quc l 1A, cc tuyn ng ni b u b tr tip cn vi tng l t, tng khu chc
nng. C l gii t 21,5m n 33m, mt ng rng 7,5m v va h rng 3m.
H thng cp in: Bao gm in ng lc v in sinh hot, chiu sng.

Ngun in cung cp ly t trm bin p 110/22KV Thp Chm n nh phc v nhu
cu s dng in, m bo khong cch an ton i vi cng trnh khc v ph hp
vi quy hoch chung c khu vc.
H thng cp nc: Ngun nc cp cho ton b cm cng nghip ly t

nh my nc Phan Rang, tuyn ng chnh chy dc quc l 1A vi tng lu lng
cp tnh ton l Qtb = 48,8 l/s. Trm cp nc trong cm cng nghip c cng sut
2000m3/ngy-m, gm b cha 1000 m3, kt cu ch yu ca b cha bng b tng
ct thp. Trm bm cp 2 c cng sut 228 m3/h. Ngoi ra trn cc trc ng cn b
tr cc tr cu ha khong cch t 120 150m.
H thng thot nc ma: Nc ma ngoi lai c thu gom v h thng

knh h bng xy, nc ma trong khu vc d n c thu gom v rnh thot nc
c np y bng b tng ct thp, hng thot ra pha mng Bu.
28
H thng thot nc thi: ng ng bng b tng ct thp trn ming bt

t ti nh my, ng knh D = 300 400 mm.
Trm x l nc thi: Trm x l c cng sut 1.400 m3/ngy-m. Nc

thi sn xut v sinh hot c x l cc b, x v h thng thot nc thi v a v
trm x l. Yu cu cht lng nc thi sau khi x l v trc khi thi phi m bo
t tiu chun loi A.
Th trng: Khu cng nghip Thnh Hi nm giao im ca 3 trc giao thng
chin lc l Quc l 1A, ng st thng nht Bc Nam, Quc l 27 ln Nam Ty
Nguyn, n cc thnh ph ln nh Lt, Nha Trang v Thnh ph H Ch Minh, cch
trung tm thnh ph Phan Rang Thp Chm khang 4 km. V vy, sn phm nho
thng c cc li bun hoc cng ty H Ni, Nng, Lm ng, thnh ph H
Ch Minh v cc vng ln cn thu mua.
a hnh: Ninh Thun c bao bc bi ba mt ni v mt mt bin. Pha ty l
vng ni cao gip Lt, pha bc v pha nam c hai dy ni chy ra bin. Gia tnh v
ven bin l vng ng bng kh cn nn c mnh danh l min Vin ty ca Vit
Nam. Ninh Thun c nhiu sng, sui, nhng ln nht l sng Ci. Nu tnh c cc ph
lu l sng M Lam, sng St, sng ng, sng Ch, sng Lu v sng Quao th h thng
sng Ci c chiu di 246 km. Ngoi h thng ny, Ninh Thun cn c mt s sng khc
nh sng Tru, sng Qun Th, sng B Ru... vi tng chiu di 184 km.
5. La chn s b
Qua vic phn tch 3 a im trn th c th thy c c 3 a im u c tim nng
xy dng nh my. Tuy nhin, v vn nguyn liu, a im Lm ng cha tht
s ti u, mc d kh hu v a cht Lt rt tt pht trin ngnh trng nho. Th
nhng, t nm 2007 cy nho mi bt u c trng mt s vng Lt v hon
ton c bao tiu sn phm bi cng ty Dalat Beco. Do vy, nu mun xy dng nh
my sn xut ru vang y th cn phi m vng quy hoch trng nho nguyn liu,
mt nhiu thi gian, vn v khng d thc hin, nn vic i vo sn xut ca nh my b
chm tr, khng ng vi tin , lc nhiu vn c th ny sinh, khng cn ph
hp. T chng ti nhn thy rng vic xy dng nh my cm cng nghip Ph HiLm ng l khng kh thi.
6. nh gi cc a im
y chng ti thc hin phng php nh gi theo im, phng php ny xt n
tng hp cc nhn t nh hng, n mang tnh thc t v ton din hn. Da trn
ngha, gi tr so snh tng nhn t xem xt nhn t no c tnh quan trng cao hn.
ng thi, phng php ny cng cho php kt hp nhng nh gi nh tnh vi lng
ha mt s ch tiu.
29
Gi tr so snh ca tng nhn t nh hng trong nh my

Cc
Th
Nguyn liu: 29.6%
Gi nguyn liu: 7.3%
nhn t trng:
Kh nng cung cp nguyn liu: 12.3%
nh
36.8%
Cht lng nguyn liu: 6%
hng:
tng
Th trng 11.2%
V tr ca sn phm i vi th trng:
gi tr
6.2%
100%
c im ca th trng: 5%
C s h Giao thng: 7.9%
Tip ni vi ng b: 5.7%
tng:
Tip ni vi ng st: 0.5%
26.3%
Tip ni vi cng sng, bin: 1.7%
Nng lng: 8%
Cp in qua mng chung: 6%
Cp in qua trm pht ring: 2%
Cp nc t ngun ging khoang: 6%
X l nc thi: 2.2%
X l rc thi: 2.2%
c im ln khu t: 12%
khu
t: Gi khu t: 10%
25.6%
c im khu t: Ngp lt: 1.3%
3.6%
Kh hu: 2.3%
Cc nhn Lc lng lao ng: Trnh lao ng: 6%
t
khc: 9.3%
S lng lao ng: 3.3%
11.3%
Chnh sch pht trin ca a phng: 2%
Xc nh mc nh gi cho tng nhn t nh hng bng cch phn tch Swot
PHN TCH SWOT
1. Nhn t cung cp nguyn liu
Nhn t nh hng: CUNG CP NGUYN LIU
SWOT
Kh nng cung cp nguyn liu
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
Mc
im
nh gi
Khi lng cung cp ch nh my ch bin Rt thun 4
ru vang ln vi cht lng tt, kh nng li
cung cp lu di. Vng trng nho c truyn
thng lu i. c iu kin giao thng vn
chuyn tt.(1)
khng
Tng lai y s hnh thnh vng chuyn
30
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
canh ln
khng

SWOT
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Nh (1)
Mc
im
nh gi
Thun li 3
Cc nh vn trng nho tn ti c t
chc tt nhng s h trong nho trong vng
khng nhiu
Khong cch t nh my ti vng trng
nho khong 20km 30km.
Vng nguyn liu c tim nng pht trin
Khng

SWOT
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Mc
im
nh gi
Khi lng nho nguyn liu cung cp t t thun 2
yu cu
li
Cc nh vn trng nho phn b ri rc
ng giao thng vn chuyn nguyn liu
ti cc nh vn kh phc tp.
Cha r
Khng

SWOT
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mc
nh gi
Khi lng nho nguyn liu cung cp cha Khng
t yu cu do:
thun li
- Khi lng ln nhng cht lng nho
khng ph hp.
im
1
31
- C cht lng nhng khi lng khng

cung cp cho nh my hot ng lin
tc
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
S lng cc h trng nho cn cha nhiu.

ng giao thng vn chuyn nguyn liu
ti cc nh vn phc tp.
Khong cch t ngun nguyn liu nho ln
hn 30km
Cha r
S pht trin ca c s thu mua v thng
li t cc vng khc cha r rng
2. Nhn t th trng tiu th ru vang

Nhn t nh hng: TH TRNG TIU TH RU VANG
SWOT
V tr ca ru vang Vit trn th trng
Mc
im
nh gi
Mt mnh
Th trng tiu th rng ln do gn nhng Rt c 4
(Strengths)
thnh ph ln, mc sng ngi dn cao, a
ung ru vang l 1 nt vn ha. C kh chung
nng cnh tranh vi cc nhn hiu ru
vang ngp khu (1)
Mt yu
Khng
(Weaknesses)
C hi
Tng lai s c th trng tiu th mnh
(Oppoturbities) trong nc v c th xut khu ra nc
ngoi
e da
khng
(Threats)
SWOT
Kh nng tiu th sn phm ca ngi tiu Mc
im
dng
nh gi
Mt mnh
Nh (1)
c a 3
(Strengths)
chung
Mt yu
S ngi ung ru vang cha nhiu, ru
(Weaknesses)
vang cha tht s ph bin Vit Nam
C hi
C th tr thnh ung ph bin Vit
32
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Nam
Khng c

SWOT
Kh nng tiu th sn phm ca ngi Mc
im
tiu dng
nh gi
Mt mnh
Mt s t ngi dn c nhu cu ung ru t c 2
(Strengths)
vang
ung
Mt yu
Ch tp trung mt s ngi c thu nhp
(Weaknesses)
cao, phn ng khng c iu kin. Mc
tiu th ru vang hn ch
C hi
Cha r
(Oppoturbities)
e da (Threats) Khng
SWOT
Kh nng tiu th sn phm ca ngi tiu Mc
dng
nh gi
Mt mnh
B phn nh ngi tiu dng c nhu cu Khng
(Strengths)
thng thc ru vang
c
Mt yu
Ru vang khng ph bin, cha c ung
(Weaknesses)
chp nhn, s ngi ung ru tp trung
vo tng lp c thu nhp cao nhng khng
nhiu.
C hi
Cha r
(Oppoturbities)
e da
Th trng c nhiu loi ru vang trong
(Threats)
nc v nhp khu, kh c th cnh tranh
lu di.
im
1
3. Nhn t giao thng

Nhn t nh hng: GIAO THNG B
SWOT
Kh nng vn chuyn nguyn liu v xut
sn phm
Mt mnh
Tuyn giao thng chnh, cc xe trng ti
(Strengths)
ln c th di chuyn tt, h thng ng
tt, mt ng rng t c ro cng. (1)
Mt yu
Khng
Mc
im
nh gi
Rt thun 3
tin
33
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Kh ngng vn chuyn tt, thng thng

vi cc th trng tiu th quan trng
Khng

SWOT
sn phm
Mt mnh
Nh (1)
(Strengths)
Mt yu
Tuyn giao thng chnh nhng dn c tp
(Weaknesses)
trung ng
C hi
Nhng tuyn giao thng trng im trong
(Oppoturbities) nc c th c m gn ng vo nh
my.
e da Threats) khng
SWOT
sn phm t yu cu
Mt mnh
Giao thng thun tin vi vng nguyn liu
(Strengths)
v th trng
Mt yu
H thng ng cha tt. Ch c th cho
(Weaknesses)
xe ti va v nh lu thng
C hi
Cha r
(Oppoturbities)
e da
khng
(Threats)
4. in
Mc
nh gi
Thun
tin
im
Mc
nh gi
Chp
nhn
c
im
4.1.in qua mng li chung

Nhn t nh hng: IN QUA MNG LI CHUNG
SWOT
Kh nng cung ng in nng
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
Mc
im
nh gi
Tip ni vi li in quc gia. Tn t chi Rt thun 4
ph xy dng. H thng p ng tt nhu li
cu in nng ca nh my. Ngun in t
dao ng, cng sut ln.(1)
Khng c
34
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Trong mng li in quc gia c k hoch

mi thm trm pht in
Khng c

SWOT
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Nh (1)
Mc
im
nh gi
Thun li 3
Ngun in c th b nh hng theo ma:

kh v ma
C th m thm 1 s trm pht in khc
trong vng.
Khng c

SWOT
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Mc
im
nh gi
H thng in p ng nhu cu in t thun 2
nng ca nh my.
li
Kh nng xy dng tn nhiu chi ph, do
xa li in quc gia
Cha r
Khng c

SWOT
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
Mc
nh gi
H thng in p ng nhu cu in Khng
nng ca nh my.
thun li
Cng sut nh, ch phc v cho sinh hot
l ch yu, cht lng in thay i theo
ma: ma, kh. Tn chi ph cho vic xy
dng h thng in
Cha r
im
1
35
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
C th mt in thng xuyn, kh nng

cung cp rt hn ch trong tng lai.
4.2. in qua trm pht ring

5. c im khu t
5.1. ln khu t
Nhn t nh hng: LN KHU T
SWOT
Din tch khu t
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Mc
im
nh gi
Khu cng nghip v cm cng nghip c Ln, c 3
din tch ln, nh xng rng, nhiu xng th
m
trng, mt bng sch s thong mt.(1)
rng
Khng c
C th m rng din tch nh my.
Khng c

SWOT
Nhng thun li ca khu t
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Mc
im
nh gi
Din tch khu cng nghip rng, vn cn t yu 2
kh nhiu phn xng trng.
cu
Hn ch do nh xng ch mc va,
khng ln lm, nu my mc thit b nhiu
phi thu nhiu xng
C th m rng nh my
Khng c

SWOT
Nhng thun li ca khu t
Mt mnh
Mc
im
nh gi
Din tch khng xy dng nh my Nh hn 1
36
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
trong khu cng nghip, phi chn xy dng yu cu

v tr khc.
Khu cng nghip khng cn kh nng m
rng thm; kh hu khng n nh, c th
b ngp lt.
Cha r
Cha r
6. Lc lng lao ng
Nhn t nh hng: LC LNG LAO NG
SWOT
Kh nng cung cp ngun lao ng
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Mc
im
nh gi
Ngun lao ng c trnh cao chim t l Rt thun 4
ln trong lc lc lao ng ti ch, lao li
ng chn tay di do.
Khng c
C th thu ht nhiu lao ng ngoi tnh.
Thu nhn cng vi gi r
Khng c

SWOT
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mc
im
nh gi
Ngun lao ng c trnh cao chim t l Thun li 3
ln trong lc lc lao ng ti a phng,
lao ng chn tay di do.
Ngun lao ng ti ch c xu hng n
cc thnh ph ln lm vic
Thu ht lao ng ngoi tnh
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
Khng c
(Threats)
SWOT
Mc
nh gi
im
37
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Ngun lao ng tr thc v chn tay c th t thun 2

p ng nhu cu nh my
li
Ngun lao ng ti ch c xu hng n
cc thnh ph ln lm vic.
Cha r
Khng c

SWOT
Mt mnh
(Strengths)
Mt yu
(Weaknesses)
C hi
(Oppoturbities)
e da
(Threats)
Mc
nh gi
Ch yu l lao ng chn tay chim phn Khng
ng trong lc lng lao ng ti ch
thun li
Lao ng tr thc t, h khng c nhu cu
lm ti a phng. Ngun lao ng khng
n nh, c th ngh vic tm iu kin
tt hn.
Cha r
im
1
C th khng c ngun nhn lc tr thc,

vic tm kim lao ng c trnh cao gp
kh khn
7. chnh sch pht trin ca a phng

Nhn t nh hng: CHNH SCH PHT TRIN CA A PHNG
SWOT
S quan tm ca a phng n s pht Mc
im
trin ca cng nghip
nh gi
Mt mnh
Chnh quyn a phng quan tm v h Rt quan 4
(Strengths)
tr pht trin. Nhiu chnh sch khuyn tm
khch m rng khu cng nghip v cc
ngnh cng nghip.
Mt yu
Khng c
(Weaknesses)
C hi
Nhiu d n quc qia pht trin cc ngnh
(Oppoturbities) cng nghip thc phm ti ia phng
e da(Threats) Khng c
38

SWOT
im
trin ca cng nghip
nh gi
Mt mnh
Chnh quyn a phng quan tm v h Quan tm 2
(Strengths)
tr pht trin. Nhiu chnh sch khuyn
khch m rng khu cng nghip v cc
ngnh cng nghip.
Mt yu
Tp trung pht trin cc ngnh cng nghip
(Weaknesses)
nng, cng nghip nh, cng nghip thc
phm cha c a v d n pht trin
ca a phng
C hi
Cha r
(Oppoturbities)
e da
C th to thnh vng u tin pht trin
(Threats)
cng nghip nng

SWOT
im
trin ca cng nghip
nh gi
Mt mnh
C s quan tm ca nh nc v a t quan 1
(Strengths)
phng n cc ngnh cng nghip trong tm
tnh
Mt yu
Cng nghip khng l hn mc trong u
(Weaknesses)
tin pht trin kinh t ti a phng
C hi
Cha r
(Oppoturbities)
e da(Threats) u tin pht trin dch v
Gi: Khu cng nghip Quang Chu tnh Bc Giang l a im s (1).
Khu cng nghip Thnh Hi tnh Ninh Thun l a im s (2).
H thng nh gi la chn a im xy dng nh my sn xut ru vang nho
Cc nhn t a im
Mc nh gi
im
HSGT
a im s
1
2
1. Th trng
39
1.1. nguyn liu

1.1.1. Gi nguyn liu
Rt thp
Thp
Chp nhn c
Hi cao
Qu cao
1.1.2. Kh nng cung cp Rt thun li
nguyn liu
Thun li
t thun li
Khng thun li
1.1.3. Cht lng nguyn liu Tt
C th chp nhn
Cha t yu cu
1.2. Th trng tiu th
1.2.1.V tr ca sn phm i Rt c a chung
vi th trng
c a chung
t c a chung
Khng c a
chung
1.2.2.c im ca th trng D tnh
Bnh thng
Kh tnh
2. C s h tng
2.1. Giao thng
2.1.1. Giao thng b
Rt thun tin
Thun tin
Chp nhn c
2.1.2. ng st
c
Phi XD, kh thi
XD phc tp
2.1.3. Tip ni vi cng sng, Gn cng
bin
Xa cng
2.2. Nng lng in
2.2.1. Qua mng li chung
Rt thun li
(tip ni, chi ph xy dng)
Thun li
t thun li
Khng thun li
2.2.2.Qua trm pht ring Thp
(chi ph xy dng, vn hnh) Chp nhn c
Hi cao
2.3.X l nc thi(chi ph Thp
5
4
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
3
2
1
4
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
2
1
4
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
20
20
24
11
24
44
33
21
14
18
18
18
12
24
16
2
1
40
cho h thng x l nc thi)
Trung bnh
Cao
2.4. X l rc thi (chi ph Thp
cho x l rc thi)
Trung bnh
Cao
2.5.Cp nc t ging Khoan c, r
khoang
Khoan c, t
C kh nng
3. c im khu t
3.1. ln khu t
Ln, c th m rng
t yu cu
Nh hn yu cu
3.2.Gi khu t
Rt ph hp
Ph hp
Chp nhn c
Hi cao
Qu cao
3.3. Lc lng lao ng
3.3.1. Trnh lao ng
Trnh cao
Trung bnh
Lao ng ph thng
3.3.2. S lng ngi lao Di do
ng
Va t yu cu
Xp x yu cu
3.4. Chnh sch pht tin ca Rt quan tm
a phng
Quan tm
Cha quan tm
Cc nhn t Mc nh
a im
gi
im
Tng s im
Tng s %
V tr xp t a im
a im c chn
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
21
14
3
2
1
5
4
3
2
1
14
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
42
42
28
28
18
12
12
12
HSGT
400
100
1
279
69.8%
2
a im s
2
309
77.3%
1
41
7. Chn a im ti u
Qua phn tch s b v tin hnh cho im cc a im th nhn thy c khu
cng nghip Thnh Hi tnh Ninh Thun thch hp xy dng nh my sn xut ru
vang .
Chng 3: QUY TRNH CNG NGH

V CN BNG VT CHT
42
1. S quy trnh sn xut ru vang

Nho
Phn loi
Nho h, dp
Ra
Nghin, x
Cung, ht
SO2
Sulfit ha
43
44
2. Thuyt minh quy trnh

2.1. Nguyn liu: Nguyn liu nho .
2.2. Phn loi: Cht lng ru nho c th ni l do 60% nguyn liu quyt nh,
40% l cng ngh, nguyn liu tt th s cho sn phm tt, v th qu trnh phn loi
phi c tin hnh k.
Mc ch: Loi b nhng tri b h hng do qu chn, dp nt trong qu trnh vn
chuyn. Nhng qu ny l mi trng thun li cho vi sinh vt pht trin. Tng
hiu xut thu hi sn phm.
Bin i: khng c bin i ng k v tnh cht vt l v ha hc.
Tin hnh phn loi bng cch loi b nhng qu h, dp, hoc xanh qu. Khu
ny c thc hin th cng do cng nhn. ru vang t cht lng tt th
khu ny phi c tin hnh k.
2.3. Ra
Nhm loi b cc tp cht, thuc tr su, v cc vi sinh vt bm trn v. Cng c
trng hp ch phn loi sau em i p ch khng ra, mc ch ca vic lm
trn nhm gi li ging nm men c sn trn v nho lm men ging trong ln men
sau ny m khng cn b sung ging vi sinh vt thun khit. Tuy nhin, trong quy
m cng nghip th m bo cht lng cn ra loi b tp cht, thuc tr
su v b sung nm men thun khit cho qu trnh ln men t hiu qu tt nht.
Bin i: khi lng gim do cc cht ha tan v cc cht bn t qu ha tan vo
nc.
Thc hin: nho c xp trn cc bng ti, i vo thit b ra kh thi. Khng kh
c qut gi thi vo bn ngm nguyn liu gip cho nc v nguyn liu c
o trn u lm sch cc tp cht bm trn qu nho. Qu trnh ny cn thc hin
nhanh trnh cc cht dinh dng ha tan tht thot vo nc.
2.4. Nghin, x
Mc ch: Gii phng dch nho, loi b cung, ht ra khi dch, trn u hn hp,
gip ha tan cc cht thm.
Bin i: Hm lng dinh dng b tht thot do cn xt li trong b. Nhit
ca dch nho tng ln do tc ng ca qu trnh c hc.
Tin hnh: nho c ra sch v a vo my nh p nho, cc qu trnh nghin,
x tch cun thc hin trong cng mt thit b. Giai on ny cn thn trng
khng lm nt ht nho, hn ch gia tng cht cht trong dch nho, phn tht qu
phi c xe nhuyn.
45
Lu : Qu trnh loi cun l v x, dp phi c thc hin nhanh nht sau khi nho
c a n nh my. Trong sut qu trnh thu hoch nho khng khi b dp v tit
dch. V th to iu kin thun li cho s pht trin ca cc loi vi khun, nm men
c trn v nho, oxy ha cc hp cht nh hng n mu ca sn phm sau ny.
Ngoi ra sau khi thu hoch trong nho din ra qu trnh h hp, lm tng nhip cng
to iu kin cho vi sinh vt pht trin.
Cung v l nho phi c loi ra trc khi x dp v trong cun v l nho c cha
cc hp cht phenol nh catechin, cc flavonoid (c bit l quercetin gy cn vng l
lng trong sn phm) v caftaric acid. Cc hp cht ny gy ra v ng trong sn
phm. Vic loi b l gip hn ch to thnh cc aldehyte v alcohol 6 carbon (do
linoleic trch ly t biu b l b oxy ha bi enzyme).
2.5. Sulfit ha
Sau khi lm nt nguyn liu, ngi ta khng tin hnh un si dung dch ln men. tiu
dit vsv ngi ta thng dng SO2. Lng SO2 trong dch ln men khng c qu nhiu
v s gy c ch s pht trin v hot ng chuyn ha ng thnh ru.
Mc ch: tiu dit hoc c ch cc vi sinh vt trong ln p tip theo.
Bin i: cc vi sinh vt trong nho b c ch hoc c ch mt phn.
Tin hnh: dung dch i qua SO2 vi hm lng 210mg/l dch nho, thi gian 24h.
Cc nc sn xut ru vang thng dng SO2 v c tc dng nhiu mt: chng oxy ha,
lm gim hoc tiu dit nhiu loi vi khun c hi. Tuy nhin, nu dng SO2 khng ng
liu lng c th lm cho ru vang c mi kh chu, tiu dit mt s vi khun c li,
ng thi cng l tc nhn gy ng c trong ru vang.
2.6. Qu trnh phi ch
Qu trnh b sung syrup ng:
Nhm hiu chnh nng ng trong dd trc khi ln men.
Thc hin: syrup ng c cho t t vo bn phi ch hnh tr ng c cnh
khuy cng vi qu trnh bm dch nho, sau khi ng tan ht, b sung nm men
vo bn phi ch.
Qu trnh b sung nm men

Mc ch: b sung lng nm men cn thit chun b cho qu trnh ln men.
46
Tin hnh: Nm men sau khi nhn ging c bm vo bn phi ch cng vi qu

trnh bm dch nho.
2.7. Qu trnh ln men
Mc ch: chuyn i lng ng tron hn hp dch nho thnh cn, CO2 v mt
s sn phm trao i cht khc.
Tin hnh: sau khi phi trn xong cn bm nh nhng dung dch qua bn
tin hnh ln men. Ging nm men s dng l sacharomyces cerevisiae vi hm
lng 2-3 triu t bo/ lt. Do qu trinh ln men c ln xc qu nn lc u cc
phn b (v, cung dp v ht,) nng hn, chng c xu hng nm y bn
ln men hoc l lng trong lp dch nho. Khi qu trnh ln men xy ra th cc bt
kh CO2 sinh ra s lm cho phn b dn ni ln trn dch ln men, to thnh mt
lp b dy. Lp b ny mt phn ngp trong dch nho, mt phn tip xc vi
khng kh.
Thi gian ln men chnh khong 10 ngy. Nhit cn khng ch 20-25oC
ha tan cht mu v cht cht vo dch nho.
Qu trnh ln men c th tin hnh trong cc bn inox. Bn ngoi cc bn c thit
k mt ng dn bm hon lu hn hp dch ln men phn di bn, sau
a qua h thng phun u dch nho ln lp qu pha trn. Dch ln men ch chim
ti a 80% th tch thit b ln men c oxy cho giai on u qu trnh lrrn
men v trnh bt kh tro ra ngoi.
2.8. Qu trnh x l nhit
Mc ch: tng cng s ha tan ca cc cht ha tan vo dch nc nho, c
bit l hp cht polyphenol c trong nguyn liu, tng gi tr dinh dng, ci thin
trong v keo thnh phm.
Bn i: cc cht ha tan c trch ly vo dch nho.
Tin hnh: un nng v gi nhit 65-70oC trong 10 pht. S dng bn ln
men, gia nhit gin tip bng hi nc.
2.9. Qu trnh tch, p b
Mc ch: tch b, cn ra khi ru vang non.
Tin hnh: qu trnh ln men c thc hin trn dch nho c ln b, nn dch ln
men s c a qua thit b lc tch dch ra khi b. Qu trnh ny c thc
hin cng nhanh cng tt ru vang non khng b oxy ha khng tip xc vi
khng kh v ch thc hin mt ln trc khi ln men dch nho. Phn b sau
tip tc c p tn thu dch nho non.
47
2.10. Qu trnh tng tr

Mc ch: gip cho qu trnh ln men trit , to hng v cho sn phm.
Bin i:
Ha hc: hnh thnh mt s sn phm ph nh aldehyde (andehyde acetic, diacetyl,
aceton, 2,3- butaendiol), acid hu c, ester, hp cht cao phn t.
Ha l: s ha tan CO2 vo dch ln men v s kt t cn do c s thay i pH.
Vt l: s thay i nhit , s thay i t trng v hm lng cht kh.
Ha sinh: mt s phn ng din ra trong qu trinh trao i cht.
Din ra s ln men acid malolactic: v khun lactic thng gy ra nhng bin i c
hi nh phn hy ng v glycerin lm cho ru c v ng, mi hi, Tuy nhin
c mt s thay i c ch l s chuyn ha acid malic thnh malolactic lm gim
chua, v ru du i. Ru vang thng khng c hay rt t ng nn khng cn
chua cao. Hn na, aicd malic to cho ru c v chua gt v nh hng n cht
lng sn phm. V th, khi ln men ru vang to iu kin cho phn ng to
malolactic xy ra.
Phng trnh ln men malolactic:
HCOOH-CH2-CH(OH)-COOH CH3- CH(OH)- COOH + CO2
Cch tin hnh: dch ln men c cho qua bn tr lm lng cc cht khng ha
tan c bit l xc nm men, thung tr c th c lm bng thp, inox, thi gian tr
c th ko di 3 ngy nhit tr 15- 18oC.
2.11. Qu trnh lc
Mc ch: loi b cn trong qu trnh tng tr, nhm hon thin sn phm trc
khi a vo chit rt.
2.12. Qu trnh chit chai v ng np
Mc ch: hon thin sn phm, tng thi gian bo qun d dng vn chuyn v
tiu th.
Tin hnh: chai trc khi chit c ra ln lt s b bng nc nng, dung dch
NaOH 1.5% 65oC, nc m 35oC, nc lnh 8oC, kim tra chai sau a vo
my chit. Qu trnh chit c thc hin nhit phng. Sau chai c
kim tra dy v kn trc khi chit v i vo my ng np.
48
Sau khi lc b cn v men cn st th ta chit rt vo chai, ng nt v dn nhn

sn phm.
Thng ngi ta dng g si ng nt v ng thng lu tr. V cht phenol
trong g si khi tc dng vi ru vang s to ra mi vanilla v v ngt cht ca
tr hay v ngt ca hoa qu. G si cng tc ng ln mu sc ca ru.
2.13. Thanh trng
Mc ch: Tiu dit nm men, c ch hot ng ca vi sinh vt, trnh hin tng
b chua khi bo qun thi gian di.
2.14. Qu trnh dng dn nhn v in hn s dng
Hon thin sn phm, cung cp cho ngi tiu dung mt s thng tin v sn phm.
Chai ru sau khi thanh trng c a qua my dn nhn v in hn s dng.
Ghi nhn sn phm theo quy nh hin hnh v TCVN 7087:2008 (CODEX STAN 12005)
2.15. Qu trnh ng hp v xp thng
Mc ch: to n v sn phm, d dng vn chuyn v phn phi.
Chai ru sau khi dn nhn c a qua my ng hp v xp thng.
3. Tnh ton cn bng vt cht
Nng sut thit k: 1.800.000 lt/nm
Thi gian lm vic ca nh my: 300 ngy/nm ( ngh t 5-6 ngy/thng)
Nng sut trung bnh 1 ngy: 6.000 lt/ngy
49
3.1. Tnh lng nho cn dng
T l thnh phn qu nho

Cung nho: 5%
Qu nho: 95%
Tht qu: 85%
V: 2%
Ht: 8%
Trong : _ Nc: 75% khi lng. Nc ch yu nm phn tht qu
_ ng: 22%, gm glucose, fructose, saccharose.
_ Cc axit hu c: 1.5%, gm axit malic, axit factoric.
_ Protein: 0.5%
_ Peptin: 0.2%
_ Cht khong: 0.5%
_ Cha nhiu vitamin C, B1, B2, PP v cc cht thm khc: 0.3%
Gi s t l hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut:
Qu
trnh
thc hin
Vn chuyn
v bo qun
Lm sch
Lm
dp,
nghin nt
Tn tht
1% khi lng nguyn liu
1.5% khi lng nho
0,4% khi lng nho
50
p thu dch
1.5% khi lng hn hp dch nho
nho
Ln
men 0.8% khi lng dch nho sau khi chun b
chnh
mi trng ln men.
Gn cn
1% khi lng ru sau khi ln men chnh
Ln men ph 0.4% khi lng vang mi
0.2% khi lng vang sau khi ln men ph

Lc th
0.2% khi lng vang sau khi
Lc tinh
0.1% khi lng vang sau khi
Thanh trng
0.1% khi lng vang bn thnh phm
Chit chai
0.2% khi lng vang bn thnh phm
Tng tn tht ca c qu trnh: 7.4%
Hiu sut qu trnh: 92,6%
Ru vang thnh phm c: 8% cn v 4% ng.
1. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 100kg nho nguyn liu
- Khi lng nguyn liu khi tip nhn vo nh my:
(100% - 1%) x 100 = 99 (kg)
-
Khi lng nho sau khi loi b cung:

95% x 99 = 94.05 (kg)
Khi lng ng trong nho sau khi loi b cung:

m = 20% x 94.05 = 18.81 (kg)
Chn lng nc p b l 5% khi lng qu nho. Gi s lng b thi ra sau khi p

thu dch nho ton l v nho, ht nho v nc; do , tng lng b thi ra t cng on
sau p l 11% khi lng qu nho
-
Khi lng nc qu thu c qua qu trnh p

mnq = 99 + 5% x 99 10.5% x 99 = 93.06 (kg)
Trong :
5% x 99 : khi lng nc dng p b (kg)
10.5% x 99 : khi lng b sau p (kg)
- Hm lng ng sau khi p:
( )
51
Gi m1 (kg) l lng ng cn thit b sung nng hm lng ng ca dch nho ln

25%, ta c phng trnh sau:
m1 = 5.94 (kg)
Lng ng b sung vo khi chun b mi trng ln men chim 5.94% khi lng nho
nguyn liu.
-
Khi lng nho sau khi c p dch v b sung ng dch nho c hm lng
ng 25%:
mnq + m1 = 93.06 + 5.94 = 99 (kg)
3.2. Tnh lng nho dng trong mt ngy (tnh theo nng sut nh my)
- Th tch ru nguyn cht:
V = 6000 x 8% = 480 (lt)
-
Khi lng ru nguyn cht:

mmetylic = V x d = 480 x 0.8 = 384 (kg)
( d l khi lng ring ca ru nguyn cht o , d = 800 g/l)

-
Phng trnh ln men: C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Khi lng ng ln men thc t:
( )
mtt =
Khi lng ng st:
ms = 3% x 6000 x 0.98216 = 176.79 (kg)
0.98216 kg/lt l khi lng ring ca ru vang thnh phm
Tng khi lng ng trong dch nho trc khi ln men:
m2 = mtt + ms = 751.3 + 176.79 = 928.09 (kg)
Ta c: 25% l hm lng ng c trong dch nho sau khi chun b mi trng ln men.
Vy: Khi lng dch nho dng ln men:
Mdch nho tng = 928.09 x
= 3712.36 (kg)
52
Khi lng nho l thuyt dng trong 1 ngy

(
Mnho lt =
Hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 92.6%. Vy khi lng nho thc t s dng cho 1 ngy:
3749.86 x
= 4049.52 (kg/ngy)
3.3. Tnh cn bng vt cht cho tng qu trnh

3.3.1. Qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun:
Khi lng nguyn liu nho trc khi vo dy chuyn sn xut
99% x 4049.52 = 4009.0248 (kg)
3.2.2. Qu trnh lm sch
Khi lng nho cn li sau khi lm sch:
98.5% x 4009.0248 = 3948.89 (kg)
3.3.3. Qu trnh lm dp nt, nghin x
Khi lng dch nho thu c sau khi tch cung v lm dp, nghin nt:
95% x 3948.89 x 99.6% = 3736.44 (kg)
3.3.4. Qu trnh p ly dch
Khi lng nc thm vo p dch
5% x 3736.44 = 186.822 (kg)
Khi lng b thi ra:
10.5% x 3736.44 = 392.3262 (kg)
Khi lng dch nho sau khi p:
98.5% x (3736.44 + 186.822 392.3262) = 3477.97 (kg)
3.3.5. Qu trnh ln men chnh
Khi lng ng thm vo:
5.94% x 4049.52 = 240.54 (kg)
Khi lng dch nho thu c sau khi chun b mi trng ln men:
3477.97 + 240.54 = 3718.51 (kg)
53
Gi s lng CO2 thot ra lm tn tht 3% so vi khi lng dch nho trc khi ln men.
Khi lng ru vang thu c sau khi ln men chnh:
99.2% x 3718.51 x 97% = 3578.10 (kg)
3.3.6. Qu trnh gn cn
Sau khi ln men chnh, qu trnh gn cn c tin hnh loi b men.
Khi lng vang cn li sau khi gn cn:
99% x 3578.10 = 3542.319 (kg)
3.3.7 Qu trnh ln men ph
Gi s lng CO2 thot ra trong qu trnh ln men ph l 1% so vi khi lng vang mi
99.6% x 3542.319 x 99% = 3492.87 (kg)
3.3.8 Qu trnh :
Khi lng vang thu c sau khi :
99.8% x 3492.87 = 3485.88 (kg)
3.3.9 Qu trnh lc:
Qu trnh lc th lm tn tht 0.2% khi lng sau v qu trnh lc tinh tn tht 0.1%
khi lng vang sau .
Khi lng vang cn li sau qu trnh :
99.8% x 3485.88 x 99% = 3444.12 (kg)
3.3.10 Qu trnh thanh trng
Khi lng vang cn li sau qu trnh thanh trng:
99.9% x 3444.12 = 3440.68 (kg)
3.3.11 Qu trnh chit chai
Khi lng thu c sau qu trnh chit chai:
99.8% x 3440.68 = 3433.80 (kg)
Th tch vang thnh phm:
V=
= 3496.17 (lt)
54
Vy: Vi 4049.52 kg nho nguyn liu/ngy th ta thu c th tch vang thnh phm sau
cng l 3496.17 lt. Do , sn xut ra 6000 lt ru7o75uvang nho thnh phm/ngy th
lng nho cn thit sn xut:
= 6950 (kg/ngy)
Lng nho nguyn liu cn dng trong 1 nm:
6950 x 300 = 2.085.000 kg/nm = 2.085 tn nho nguyn liu/nm
4. Tnh cn bng vt cht cho tng m
Chn s m lm vic trong 1 ngy l 3 m
S m lm vic trong 1 nm:
3 x 300 = 900 (m)
Lng ru vang thnh phm thu c trong 1 m:
= 2000 (lt/m)
Lng nguyn liu cn dng cho 1 m:
(kg/m)
Lng ng b sung vo 1 m:
5.94% x 2317 = 137,6298 (kg/m)
5. Tnh lng ng b sung
Lng ng dng b sung vo mi trng ln men chim 5.94% khi lng nho
nguyn liu.
Lng ng b sung trong 1 ngy (3 m)
5.94% x 6950 = 412.83 (kg/ngy)
Lng ng b sung trong 1 nm:
412.83 x 300 = 123849 (kg)
6. Tnh lng nc dng p ra b
Lng nc dng p ra b chim 5% khi lng nho.
Lng nc cn dng p ra b trong 1 ngy:
55
95% x 6950 x 5% = 330.125 (kg) = 330.125 (lt) ( gi s khi lng ring

ca nc l 1kg/lt)
Lng nc dng p ra b trong 1 nm:
300 x 330.125 = 99037.5 (lt )
7. Tnh lng SO2 dng sunfit ha dch nho
Qu trnh sufit ha dng SO2 vi liu lng 210mgSO2/l dich nho tng ng vi
341.25mgNaHSO3/l dch nho.
Lng NaHSO3 dng trong 1 m:
2000 x 341.25 = 682500 (mg) = 682,5 (g)
Lng NaHSO3 dng trong 1 ngy:
682.5 x 3 = 2047.5 (g)
Lng NaHSO3 dng trong 1 nm:
2047.5 x 300 = 614250 (g) = 614.250 (kg)
8. Tnh lng chai v nt cn dng.
Sn phm ru vang c chit vo chai c dung tch 750ml.
Gi s t l tn tht trong qu trnh ra. bo qun, vn chuyn, chai khng at yu cu
l 10% so vi s chai l thuyt
S chai dung tch 750ml cn dng trong 1 ngy:
110% x
= 8800 (chai)
S chai dung tch 750ml cn dng trong 1 nm:

300 x 8800 = 2640000 (chai)
Lng nt chai cn dng: 2640000 nt.
56
Chng 4: THIT K MT BNG NH MY

Nh my sn xut ru vang cng sut 1.8 triu lt/nm c t ti cm cng nghip
Thnh Hi tnh Ninh Thun.
Din tch: 26,75 ha
C cu s dng t:
Loi t
t xy dng nh my
t xy dng Trung tm iu hnh
t xy dng cng trnh u mi h tng k thut
ng giao thng
t cy xanh
Tng cng
TT
1
2
3
4
5
Din tch (ha)

17,749
0,531
1,036
4,104
3,331
26,75
T l (%)
66,36
1,99
3,87
15,33
12,45
100
Ghi ch:
-
Hin nay Cm cng nghip cn 9500m2 t trng, ban qun l ang xy dng
phng n u gi cho thu.
Gi thu t: Bao gm Gi thu t 4.200 ng/m2/nm v Ph s dng c s h
tng 2.500 ng/m2/nm.
57
1. Thit k mt bng phn xng sn xut chnh.

1.1. Phn xng s ch (phn xng tip nhn v x l)
1.1.1. Mt bng phn xng s ch
3000
8000
2000
33
1000
600
2000
2500
R800
7
6
3500
2000
1500
1500
R800
10000
2000
4000
8
2000
20000
Hnh 1. S b tr mt bng phn xng s ch

Ch thch:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Cn nguyn liu.
Bng ti phn loi.
My ra nho nguyn liu.
My tch cung.
My lm dp.
Thit b sulfit ha.
My p.
Thit b lng trong dch nho.
58
1.1.2. Kch thc phn xng s ch

Mt bng phn xng s ch hnh ch nht c kch thc nh sau:
Chiu di: 20m.

Chiu rng: 10m.
Din tch phn xng s ch: 200m2.
Chiu cao ca phn xng thng tnh theo chiu cao ca thit b cao nht, nhng
theo tiu chun ca nh cng nghip vi nhp nh 18 m chn chiu cao ca nh H
= 7,2 m.
59
Phng vang
1.2. Phn xng ln men

1.2.1. Mt bng phn xng ln men
36000
Phng lc
4
5
Phng ln men
6
Phng9 nm
men
26000
Hnh 2. S b tr mt bng phn xng ln men

Ch thch:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Thit b ln men
Bn vang
Thit b lc th
Bn tr (ch lc tinh)
Thit b lc tinh
6.
7.
8.
9.
Bn tr - ch chit
Thit b nhn ging nm men
H thng lc khng kh
Bn
cha
men
ging
60
1.2.2. Kch thc phn xng ln men.

Phng ln men:
Kch thc: L*W*H = 20m*18m*6m
Din tch phng ln men: 360m2
Phng vang:
Din tch phng vang: 468m2
Phng nm men:
Din tch phng nm men: 36m2
Phng lc:
Din tch phng lc: 71m2
Tng din tch phn xng ln men: 936m2
61
1.3. Phn xng chit rt

1.3.1. Mt bng phn xng chit rt
Hnh 3. S b tr phn xng chit rt

Ch thch:
1.
2.
3.
4.
My ra chai
My chit chai
My ng np
My dn nhn
1.3.2. Kch thc phn xng chit rt

Mt bng phn xng chit hnh ch nht c kch thc nh sau:
Chiu di: 18 m
Chiu rng: 9 m
Chiu cao: 6 m
Din tch mt bng phn xng chit: 162m2
62
2. Tnh kch thc cc cng trnh ph

2.1. Kho cha nguyn liu, thnh phm
2.1.1. Kho cha nguyn liu
Kho cha nguyn liu dng cha nguyn liu chnh v ph sn xut, kho c
thit k cha nguyn liu cho 3 ngy sn xut, trong :
Lng nho trong 3 ngy: 3680 x 3 = 11040 (kg)
Chn kch thc ca kho cha nguyn liu nh sau: L * W * H = 15m* 9m *4,5m
Din tch kho cha: S = 135 m2
2.1.2. Kho thnh phm
Kho thnh phm cha ti thiu mt lng sn phm sn xut trong 3 ngy.
Cc chai c xp vo cc thng carton, cc thng c xp vo cc pall
thng/pallet, chia lm 3 tng). Kch thc mi pallet l 1,4 * 1,4 m2
Din tch kho cha l thuyt:
Slt = (s pallet/3 ngy) * 1,4 * 1,4 = 8 * 3 * 1,4 *1,4 = 47,04 (m2)
thun tin trong vic vn chuyn, khi thit k kho cha ta phi cha li i v khong
d tr. y, ta ly bng 70% Slt.
Din tch xy dng kho cha: S = 1,7 Slt = 80 (m2).
Xy dng kho cha thnh phm trn din tch t: 9 *9 = 81 m2
2.2.
Kho cha bao b
Kho cha bao b dng cha: v chai, thng cha (thng carton) v pallet. Kho cha
phi cha lng bao b ti thiu dng trong 3 ngy. Cch tnh din tch kho cha bao
b .
ging nh cch tnh din tch kho thnh phm.
Din tch l thuyt: Slt = 47,04 m2.
Xy dng kho cha bao b trn din tch t: S = 9 * 9 = 81 m2.
63
2.3.
Kho cha nhin liu.
Kch thc: L * W *H = 9m * 6m *4,5m.

Din tch: S = 54 m2.
2.4.
Nh t my nng lnh.
Kch thc nh t my nn lnh: L * W * H = 9m * 6m * 4,5m .

Din tch: S = 54 m2.
2.5. Trm bin p, nh t my pht in.
Trm bin p
Kch thc trm bin p: L * W * H = 4m * 4m * 4,5m .
Din tch: S = 4 * 4 = 16 m2.
Nh t my pht in
Kch thc nh t my pht in: L * W * H = 9m * 6m * 4,5m.
Din tch: S = 9 * 6 = 54 m2.
2.6.
Xng c kh, sa cha.
Kch thc xng c kh sa cha: L * W* H = 18m * 9m * 4,5m.

Din tch: S = 162 m2.
2.7.
Nh ni hi
Kch thc nh cha ni hi:L * W * H = 9m * 6m * 4,5m.

Din tch: S = 9 * 6 = 54 m2
2.8. Khu nh hnh chnh, sinh hot v phc v
2.8.1. Nh xe
Nh xe 2 bnh
D tnh s cng nhn ng nht trong 1 ca l 60 ngi (chim 2/3 tng cng nhn
vin nh my), mi ngi i lm ring v u i bng xe my. C 2m2
c 2 xe my.
64
Din tch xe: S = 60 * 2/2 = 60 m2

Xy dng nh xe trn din tch S = 12m * 9m = 108 m2
Nh xe 4 bnh
D tnh nh my c 4 xe vn chuyn nguyn nhin liu v thnh phm.
Kch thc mi ngn xe theo quy nh l 6 * 3 * 5 (m3).
Din tch xe: S = 4*x 6 * 3 = 72 m2
Xy dng nh xe 4 bnh trn din tch 12m * 9m = 108 m2
2.8.2. Phng bo v
Phng bo v t st cng ra vo, c kch thc: S = L * W = 4m * 3m = 12 m2
2.8.3. Nh hnh chnh
Nh hnh chnh c xy dng gn cng chnh, trn din tch t
S = L * W = 18m * 9m = 162 m2
2.8.4. Hi trng, phng y t, phng ngh
Thit k:
Xy dng hi trng c din tch: S = L * W = 15m * 9m = 135 m2
Xy dng phng y t c din tch: S = L * W = 9m * 6m = 54m2
Xy dng phng ngh c din tch: S = 9m * 9m = 81m2
2.8.5. Cn tin
Xy dng cn tin c din tch:S = 9m * 9m = 81m2
2.8.6. Khu v sinh
Vi s cng nhn vin lm vic trong mt ca khong 60, khu v sinh c xy dng bao
gm:
* Phng thay : 2 phng, mi phng c din tch: S = 4m *3m.
* Phng tm: 2 phng, mi phng c din tch S = 6m * 4m.
65
* Nh v sinh: 2 Nh v sinh, mi nh v sinh c din tch: S = 9m*5m.

Nh vy, tng din tch khu v sinh l 162 m2, ta xy dng thnh 2 khu nh v sinh, mi
khu c din tch 81m2
2.9.
Phng k thut KCS
D kin mi phng c kch thc: 9m * 9m = 81 m2

2.10. ng giao thng ni b
Chiu rng ng giao thng ni b (cho xe t, xe ti) ti thiu l 6m.
2.11. Cy xanh, thm c
Cy xanh c tc dng chng n, chng bi, c tc dng ci to thnh phn khng kh v
lm tng v p ca nh my. Do , nn trng cy xanh, hoa vo nhng ni t cn
cha s dng v trng xung quanh hng ro v nht l khu vc nh hnh chnh, y t, hi
trng.
2.12. Cng trnh cp v thot nc
Nc cp cho nh my l ngun nc ging v mt phn nc cp a phng. Yu
cu x l trc khi sn xut n gin, x l nc bng phng php c hc l ch yu.
Do tnh cht ca nh my, ngun nc thi khng c tnh cht c hi. V vy, ta ch cn
x l bng phng php c hc trc khi thi ra mi trng l c.
Cng trnh cp nc: bao gm: trm bm nc cp, cc b x l nc (lng, lc),
cc b cha nc (ta dng 2 b cha nc c dung tch cha 36 m3) v h thng
ng ng dn. Xy dng trm cp nc (khng k h thng ng ng dn bn
ngoi trm) trn din tch t: S = 12m * 9m = 108 m2.
Cng trnh thot nc: bao gm: trm bm nc bn, trm x l nc bn v h
thng cng rnh thot nc. Xy dng trm x l nc thi (khng k h thng
cng rnh chm trong nh my) c din tch: S = 18m * 9m = 162 m2
3. Tnh din tch v thit k mt bng tng th ca nh my

3.1. Kch thc mt bng tng th
Din tch nh my
Chiu di:102 m
66
Chiu rng: 92 m
Din tch nh my: 9384m2
Tng din tch chim ch ca cc phn xng sn xut v cc cng trnh ph: S =
3286m2
Din tch cn li s xy dng ng giao thng ni b (phng tin vn chuyn nguyn
liu, thnh phm v li i cho cng nhn,) v trng cy xanh, thm c.
3.2.
Mt bng nh my
Hnh 4. Mt bng tng th nh my
67
Ch thch:
1. Nh bo v
2. Nh xe 2 bnh
3. Nh xe 4 bnh
4. Hi trng
5. Nh hnh chnh
6. Cn tin
7. Phng ngh
8. Phng KCS
9. Phng k thut
10. Phng y t
11. Nh v sinh
12. Kho cha nguyn liu
13. Kho cha nhin liu
14. Nh cha ni hi
15. Nh t my pht in
16. Trm bin p
17. Cng trnh cp nc
18. Nh cp lnh
19. Phn xng s ch
20. Phn xng ln men
21. Kho bao b
22. Kho thnh phm
23. Phn xng chit rt
24. Trm x l nc thi
25. Xng c kh, sa cha
KT LUN V XUT KIN

Nh s u i ca thin nhin m kh hu Vit Nam chng ta c rt nhiu thun li
cho vic trng nho. c bit l khu vc min trung. V ngy nay, c rt nhiu ging
nho: nh xanh, nho khng ht, l c mt thun li to ln cho nn kinh t Vit
Nam chng ta.
Mt khc, cc sn phm t loi tri cy ny khng nhng mang li hng v thm ngon,
m , dinh dng cho c th con ngi; m cn mang li c mt phong cch sng, mt
thi i mi cho Vit Nam chng ta.
V vy, vic u t xy dng nh my sn xut ru vang nho l mt nhu cu cn thit.
V kt qu ca ti Thit k nh my sn xut ru vang nho vi hy vng rng Vit
Nam chng ta s l t nc c tn tui trong hng ng nhng nh sn xut ru vang
ca th gii.
68
Trong thi giantm hiu ti Thit k nh my sn xut ru vang cng sut

2 triu lt/nm . mi ch l nng sut ban u khi nh my i vo sn xut, vi s
pht trin rt mnh m v kinh t ca Vit Nam v nhu cu thng thc t ung ru
cn, bia sang ung ru vang th th trng tiu th ru vang ca nc ta cn ln hn
rt nhiu. Nh my c xy dng ti cm cng nghip Thnh Hi (Ninh Thun), nguyn
liu dng l nho ti a phng. Ti y nho ca Ninh Thun c sn lng ln nht c
nc, do to iu kin ngi trng nho bn sn phm gi cao v to cng n vic
lm cho ngi dn a phng.
Tuy nhin, mt khi nh my c a vo sn xut s gp mt s bt cp cn c quan
tm v v sinh, an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng.
1. V sinh nh my
1.1. V sinh nh xng thit b
Cc my nghin, p, tank ln men sau mi chu k u c tin hnh v sinh bng
nc nng v ho cht (ho cht gm HNO3 0,1%, NaOH 2%) c tin hnh thao tc
nh sau:
Sau khi bm axit vo thng c 5 pht th m van hi ca bm, bm hi lu
tr li thng CIP.
15 pht sau dng u ht ht nt dch axit c trong thng.
Sau khi ra axit, m van y. Bm nc sch trong 1 pht dn dch axit trong
ng ng.
Bm xt 2% trung ho axit cn li trong thng ln men, th t t bm cp,
bm hi v ra bng nc sch. Sau kim tra pH 7 th t.
Tank ln men c v sinh bng axit, xt lnh v nc thng. Cn ng ng
v sinh bng xt nng, axit nng v nc nng, th tch ho cht bng 5% th
tch thng. Th tch nc v sinh cn nhiu hn v cn phi ra c trong ln
ngoi.
Phn y cn ca tank ln men v tank tr ru vang c ca v sinh ng knh
450 mm ngi c th chui vo v sinh c.
Hng tun phi thanh trng thit b v ng ng bng hi, thi gian 15 pht.
Cc thit b nhn ging v ra men cn c thanh trng sau mi m ln men
m bo nm men khng b nhim trng.
Nn nh xng cn c v sinh bng nc sch. Hnh lang, li i, khu xung
quanh nh my c qut dn hng ngy.
69
Bi c, vn hoa c phun nc, chm sc to v p cnh quan v to bu

khng kh trong lnh cho nh my.
Trn, tng nh, ca x cn c qut bi.
Cng tc v sinh trong nh my cn c thc hin nghim ngt v n nh
hng n cng tc an ton v sinh thc phm.
1.2. V sinh c nhn
B phn qun l cn kim tra v sinh theo cc biu mu GMP, GHP. V con ngi
tip xc vi thit b, dng c thao tc s nh hng n mi trng sn xut nn gin tip
nh hng n v sinh thc phm. Nhn vin phng th nghim phi mc trang phc bo
h lao ng c git sch, phi kh sau ca lm vic. Sc khoe ca cng nhn phi
c kim tra thng xuyn, nu b cc bnh v h hp, ngoi da th cn ngh v cha tr
kp thi n khi khi.
Nhn vin phi c thc gi gn v sinh c nhn v v sinh chung, khng ht thuc l,
khc nh ba bi.
2. An ton lao ng
Bao gm nhng nhim v pht hin v nghin cu thng tch do sn xut, tho ra
nhng bin php lm tng iu kin lao ng v cc bin php v sinh sc kho nhm
m bo ngn nga thng tch, cc bnh ngh nghip, cc tai nn, cc m chy, v n
trong x nghip.
2.1. An ton in
ngn nga s to thnh cc tia la in, cc ngun nung nng trong cc khu d
n v d chy, tt c nhng ci ly in, cc dng c m in, cc phng tin t ng
cn phi hon thnh kiu phng n v kn nc.
Cc thit b in u c cu dao, cu ch, attomat nhng v tr thun li
ngt my kp thi khi c s c v khng gy va chm.
Cn c qui nh cc bin php ngn nga rt thn trng khi cc hot ng ca my
mc hot ng, dn n b nung nng do ma st (v d: cc b phn dn ng cnh
khuy, cc bnh rng, trc..) cn phi ch to chng bng nhng vt liu khng
bn tia sng nh nhm, ng, cht do.. Bin php tt nht l dng nhng tm
thm cao su bo v cu thang.
Mi ngi khng c ht thuc, em la n nhng ni d gy chy n nh
thng cha cn etylic..
Mi b phn sn xut u c thit b phng chy, cha chy nh bnh CO2, bnh
cu ho..
70
2.2. An ton vn hnh v an ton thit b

iu kin c bn m bo an ton vn hnh l phi quan st thn trng qui
trnh tin hnh thao tc cng ngh ca tt c cc cng on.
Khng cho php t cc ng ng dn dung dch d n, d bay hi cng vi cc
ng dn nhit v dn kh nn.
an ton cn sn cc ng ng thnh nhng mu on nhn theo nhm cc
cht c vn chuyn: nc mu xanh l cy, hi mu , khng kh xanh, kh
(trong c kh ho lng) vng, axit cam, kim tm, cht lng nu, cc cht
khc (dung dch enzym, dch nm men..) mu xm, cc ng cha chy mu .
Mi thit b u c mt p lc ti a cho php, nu p sut qu cao th gy n. Khi
tng p sut th phi tng t t, nu tng mnh gy xung ng dn n lm gim
tui th ca cc b phn trong thit b.
V sinh thit b sch s v t ni kh do cng gp phn vo vic tng tui th
cho thit b.
Trong khng kh thot ra t thit b ( thit b ln men, tng tr..) c cha mt
lng ln nm men, kh SO2, cho nn trc khi thi vo kh quyn cn phi c
lc sch.
Cc bn hng dn k thut an ton c phc tho ring bit cho mi loi thit
b, cng ngh, cn nghin cu k ph hp vi v tr cng tc ca mi thnh vin.
2.3. An ton hi, kh
Trong sn xut c cc b phn to p lc nh ni hi, trm kh nn. M cc thit
b ny phi hot ng lin tc nn d gy s c chy n, v vy chng ta cn phi tin
hnh mt s thao tc nh sau:
Cc ng dy, nt iu khin phi t trong t iu khin.
S dng van ngng, lun m van ny, trnh gy tng hay gim p t ngt. Khng
mc nc di mc nc bo ng.
Ngi vn hnh ni hi phi c o to theo cc phng php hot ng v
qua hng dn cc lut k thut an ton, mi c thao tc cc thit b ny.
Phi kim tra thng xuyn cc thit b my mc c bit l cc b phn an ton
nh: ng thu, p k, ng xi phng, cc van an ton, ci bo ng, ng ng dn
hi..
Cc my nn kh thng t ring bit trong cc to nh mt tng, c thit k
theo cc yu cu Tiu chun phng chy v tiu chun v sinh khi thit k cc x
nghip cng nghip .
71
Cc my nn kh c cch bit vi cc phng ln cn bi tng chn c chiu

cao ln hn 3m v b dy ln hn 12 cm.
3. Bo v mi trng
Bo v thin nhin v s dng hp l cc ngun d tr ca chng trong iu kin
khai thc trit l mt trong nhng nhim v mang tnh x hi, kinh t quan trng nht
ca mi quc gia.
H thng bo v mi trng xung quanh bao gm cc thit b lm sch khng kh thi,
nc thi, v cht thi rn.
3.1. Lm sch khng kh thi
Trong kh thi ca cc tank ln men v tank tr ru vang c cha mt lng ln
kh SO2, v vy trc khi thi ra mi trng chng ta phi tin hnh x l n.
C th ton b lng kh thi ra cho hp ph qua lp hp ph dng ht c b mt
ln (than hot tnh, silicagen..). Hoc s dng cc cht hp th bng cht lng (nc,
dung dch cc mui), ton b th tch cc cht kh, hi c b ht rt mnh.
3.2. X l nc thi
Nc thi ca nh my sn xut ru vang gm nhng loi sau:
Nc lm ngui, nc ngng t: loi nc ny khng thuc loi nc gy
nhim nn c th x l s b v em dng li.
Nc v sinh cc thit b nghin, p: loi nc ny c cha nhiu cht hu c, cn
phi tin hnh x l lm sch mi trng v ti s dng li.
Nc v sinh cc thit b tank ln men, thng cha, sn nh ln men. Loi nc
thi ny c cha nhiu xc nm men, xc nm men rt d t phn, gy ra tnh
trng nhim nghim trng.
Thng s hm lng cc cht c trong nc thi nh sau:
BOD5 = 800 1200 (mg/l)
COD = 1500 2500 (mg/l)
Tng nit = 30 100 (mg/l)
Tng phtpho = 10 30 (mg/l)
72
Trong nc thi ca nh my sn xut ru vang c cha nhiu cht hu c d phn hu

nh protein, gluxit,.. v t l BOD5/COD = 0,5 0,7 rt thch hp cho qu trnh p dng
cng ngh sinh hc x l nc thi.
Trong qu trnh x l nc thi chng ta s dng b x l Aerotank
X l s b: l giai on x l nhng thnh phn c kch thc ln ra khi nc
thi nh giy, nhn chai, nt chai, b v.. i vi nhng cht ny thng dng h
thng sng lc gi chng li.
B Aerotank ti trng cao 1 bc.
B aerotank c cu to gm c 2 b lng v 1 b chnh x l nc thi. Nc
sau khi x l s b c trn u vi bn hot tnh (lng bn chim khong 10 12 %)
v a ton b vo b aerotank, thi gian lu 6 8h.
Ti y khng kh c thi vo lin tc trong thi gian 6 8h. Nh , kh nng
xi ho vt cht xy ra rt nhanh. H thng cung cp kh c phn phi theo sut chiu
di ca b.
Nc thi sau khi x l xong c vo ngun nc thi ca khu cng nghip.
3.3. X l b thi
Ngnh chn nui ca Ninh Thun c s lng n b ln hn c n d, cu v
tru cng li. c tnh nm 2002, n b ca tnh c 81,3 nghn con. Trong tng lai,
n b ca tnh s tng ln ti 100 110 nghn con, trong t l n b lai chim
khong 60%.
B nho cha thnh phn ch yu l celluloza, mt lng nh protein v axit hu
c.
Sau khi thu gom b tin hnh trung ho lng axit c trong b, sau phi trn vi cm
hoc bt ng cho n khi lng m t 60 65 %. Tin hnh gia nhit khi b thi
gian phn hu nhanh hn.
Vi khun c s dng trong qu trnh b l vi khun bacillus spp v
cellulomonas spp. Cc loi vi khun ny pht trin nhanh trong khi b giu celluloza,
thi gian t 10 15 ngy. Nhit ca khi tng nhanh lm tng kh nng phn gii
celluloz, to cho khi mm hn v c mi thm ca qu trnh ln men lactic.
73
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] http://congnghethucpham1112.blogspot.com/2012/10/cong-nghe-san-xuat-ruou-vangphan-2.html
[2] http://congnghethucpham1112.blogspot.com/2012/10/cong-nghe-san-xuat-ruou-vangphan-3.html?q=s%E1%BA%A3n+xu%E1%BA%A5t+r%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u+vang
[3] http://www.vino.vn/vn/learn-wine-detail/4/tho-nhuong-va-vung-mien/
[4]http://congnghethucpham1112.blogspot.com/2013/04/qua-trinh-hinh-thanh-va-thay-oihuong.html
[5] http://www.bacgiang.gov.vn/chien-luoc/16883/Gioi-thieu-ve-Khu-cong-nghiepQuang-Chau.html
[6]
http://stc.bacgiang.gov.vn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=140:khailc-v-vung-t-con-ngi-tnh-bc-giang&catid=106:qua-trinh-hinh-thanh-va-phattrin&Itemid=237
[7] http://www.bacgiang.gov.vn/tong-quan-bac-giang/16871/Dan-cu.html
[8] http://www.lamdong.gov.vn/vi-VN/doanhnghiep/khu-cn/Pages/khu-cn-phuhoi.aspx
[9] http://www.dalat.gov.vn/xuctiendautu/index.aspx?MuctinID=37&MuctinconID=46
[10] http://agro.gov.vn/images/2007/05/Grape_in_NinhThuan_(VIE).pdf
[11] http://edoninhthuan.gov.vn/news.aspx?id=301&NewsID=1862&LangID=1
[12] http://bqlkcnninhthuan.gov.vn/index.php/article/view/84
74

NHÀ MÁY RƯỢU VANG CÔNG XUẤT 1.8 TRIỆU LÍT MỘT NĂM

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NHÀ MÁY RƯỢU VANG CÔNG XUẤT 1.8 TRIỆU LÍT MỘT NĂM

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Thit k nh my ru vang

TPHCM, ngy 23 thng 06 nm 2013

BNG PHN CNG NHIM V

10224511 Nguyn Minh Nghi

10206221 L Thanh Tho

Phn tch SWOT

10224511 Hunh Th Thy

10232821 Triu Th Dim Tin

Cc ging nho c trng ph bin Vit Nam ........................................................................ 18

3.2 H vi sinh vt trong nm men .................................................................................................... 20

Chng 2: LA CHN A IM XY DNG .......................................................... 23

Chng 3: QUY TRNH CNG NGH ........................................................................... 42

3.1. Tnh lng nho cn dng ......................................................................................... 50

Chng 4: THIT K MT BNG NH MY ............................................................. 57

Thit k mt bng phn xng sn xut chnh. ......................................................................... 58

Phn xng s ch (phn xng tip nhn v x l) ......................................................... 58

Phn xng ln men ............................................................................................................. 60

Phn xng chit rt............................................................................................................. 62

Tnh kch thc cc cng trnh ph ............................................................................................ 63

Kho cha nguyn liu, thnh phm..................................................................................... 63

Kho cha bao b .................................................................................................................... 63

Kho cha nhin liu. ............................................................................................................. 64

Trm bin p, nh t my pht in. ................................................................................ 64

Xng c kh, sa cha. ....................................................................................................... 64

Khu nh hnh chnh, sinh hot v phc v ........................................................................ 64

Phng k thut KCS .......................................................................................................... 66

ng giao thng ni b .................................................................................................. 66

Cy xanh, thm c............................................................................................................. 66

Cng trnh cp v thot nc .......................................................................................... 66

Tnh din tch v thit k mt bng tng th ca nh my ....................................................... 66

Kch thc mt bng tng th.............................................................................................. 66

KT LUN V XUT KIN ..................................................................................................... 68

TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................. 74

Chng 1: TNG QUAN

thng thc v tn hng hng thm, mi v cng nh cm nhn c ci tm vi ngh

Vang khng gas

Ru vang khc vi mt s loi ru cao c lm t ng cc, nho v mt s

1.3. Tiu chun cht lng vang

Vang trng ming

1.3.2. Tiu chun vi sinh vt

cu t d bay hi c trong ru c hnh thnh t chnh nguyn liu ban u v trong

vai tr quan trng trong gi tr cm quan ca cc loi ru vang c in nh Shiraz,

ru vang khng th thiu cn. Hm lng ng trong nho s quyt nh nng

c ph thuc vo thng si c hay mi, s dng li bao nhiu ln, ru c nui

Trc kia ngnh sn xut v tiu th ru vang ch tp trung cc nc Chu u,

3. Nguyn liu v tiu chun nguyn liu.

Cc ging nho c trng ph bin Vit Nam

trung bnh 7 - 10 tn/ha. Ru vang v nc ngt ch bin t ging nho ny c mu sc

Tiu chun i vi nho lm ru.

Cc yu t sinh trng ca loi ny ging nh Sacch. vini v c kh nng chu c

Chng 2: LA CHN A IM XY DNG NH MY

3. Xc nh v phn tch cc nhn t chnh nh hng ti vic la chn a im

trong lnh lc dch v, doanh nghip gn th trng c li th cnh tranh. xc nh

4.2. Cm Cng nghip Ph Hi- Lm ng

H thng cp in: Bao gm in ng lc v in sinh hot, chiu sng.

H thng cp nc: Ngun nc cp cho ton b cm cng nghip ly t

H thng thot nc ma: Nc ma ngoi lai c thu gom v h thng

H thng thot nc thi: ng ng bng b tng ct thp trn ming bt

Trm x l nc thi: Trm x l c cng sut 1.400 m3/ngy-m. Nc

Gi tr so snh ca tng nhn t nh hng trong nh my

Nhn t nh hng: CUNG CP NGUYN LIU

Nhn t nh hng: CUNG CP NGUYN LIU

Nhn t nh hng: CUNG CP NGUYN LIU

- C cht lng nhng khi lng khng

Kch thc: L * W H = 9m 6m *4,5m.