I S 1. Tm cc gi tr ca x cc biu thc sau c gi tr dng.

a) A = x2 + 4x ; b) B = (x - 3) (x + 7) ; c) C =
1 1 x x 2 3
2

2. Tm cc gi tr ca x cc biu thc sau c gi tr m: a) D = x 2 5

x;

b) E =

x-2 x -6

c) F =

x 2 -1 x2

3. Chng minh rng khng tn ti hai s hu t x v y tri du, khng i nhau tho mn ng thc:
1 x +y

1 x

1 y

4. Tm hai s hu t x v y (y 0) bit rng: x - y = xy = x : y 5. Cho 100 s hu t trong tch ca bt k ba s no cng l mt s m. Chng minh rng: a) Tch ca 100 s l mt s dng. b) Tt c 100 s u l s m.

Ly tha
1. Tm x, y bit rng: x+ 2. Tm x bit: a) 5x . (53)2 = 625 3. Tm x bit: a) (5x + 1)2 =
36 49
31 12
2 2

49 12
2

- x = y2
4

b)

12 25

5 3

3 5 2 3
6

c)

3 4

3x 1

256 81

b) (n N) b)

2 x 9

c) (8x - 1)2n+1 = 52n+ 1 4. Tm x, y bit: a) x2 + 5. Tm x Z bit:

1 y 10
4

=0

1 x 5 2

20

2 1 y 4

10

(x - 7)x+1 - (x - 7)x + 11 = 0

6.

a) Tm GTNN ca biu thc A = b) Tm GTLN ca biu thc B =

1 2x + 3

-1
6

2 4 x 15 9

+3

7. Cho x + y = 2. Chng minh rng xy 1

T l thc
1. Cho

a +5 b +6 = a -5 b-6

(a 5; b 6). Chng minh rng

a b

a b

5 6

2. Chng minh rng nu 3. Tm cc s x, y, z bit: a) b) c)

x 4
x y x y

c d

th

a 2 + b2 c2 + d2

ab cd

= = =

y z = v x - 3y + 4z = 62; 3 9 9 y 7 ; = v x - y + z = -15 7 z 3 7 y 5 ; = v 2x + 5y - 2z = 100 20 z 8 1 5

4. Ba kho c tt c 710 tn thc. Sau khi chuyn i s thc kho II v

1 11

s thc kho I,

1 6

s thc kho III th s thc cn li ba kho

bng nhau. Hi lc u mi kho c bao nhiu tn thc ? 5. Mt khu vn hnh ch nht c din tch l 300m 2, hai cnh t l vi 4 v 3. Tnh chiu di, chiu rng khu vn. 6. Tm x, y, z bit: 7. Tm x, y, z bit:
x y z = = v xyz = 12 9 5 x y z = 7 = 3 v x2 + y2 5

20 - z2 = 585
3 196

8. Tm hai phn s ti gin bit hiu ca chng l 5; cc mu tng ng t l vi 4 v 7. 9. Tm x, y, z bit

12x - 15y 7

, cc t t l vi 3 v

20z - 12x 9

15y - 20z 11

v x + y + z = 48

10. Cho dy t s bng nhau:

2a + b + c + d c a + b + c + 2d d

a + 2b + c + d b

=
b +c d +a

a + b + 2c + d c

Tm gi tr ca biu thc M, bit M = 11. Cho

a b

a +b c +d

c +d a +b

d +a b +c

c d

1 v c 0. Chng minh rng:

a)

a b c d

ab cd

b)
a 3 + b3 - c3 b3 + c3 - d 3

a +b c +d

=
3

a 3 - b3 c3 - d 3

12. Cho b2 = ac ; c2 = bd. Vi b, c, d 0 ; b + c d ; b3 + c3 d3 Chng minh rng: =

a +b - c b +c - d a a 2 + b2 2 2 = c b +c

13. Cho b2 = ac Chng minh rng 14. Cho

ab a 2 + b2 2 2 = cd vi a, b, c, d c +d c a d = d hoc b = c 3x - 2y 2z 4 x 4 y 3z 15. Cho = = 4 3 2 x y z Chng minh rng 2 = 3 = 4

0; c d. Chng minh rng hoc

a b

S v t- Cn bc hai-S thc
1. Khng dng bng s hoc my tnh, hy so snh: a) 26 + 17 vi 9 b) 8 - 5 vi 1 ; c) 63 - 27 vi 63 - 27 2. Hy so snh A vi B bit: A = 3. Cho P = 4. Cho M = 5. Cho N =
1 2
225

1 5

-1

B=

196

1 6

+
x -1 2 9 x 5

Q=7-2

x -1 .

Hy tm:

a) GTNN ca P

b) GTLN ca Q Tm x Z v x < 50 cho M c gi tr nguyn. Tm x Z N c gi tr nguyn.

6. Xt xem cc s x v y c th l s v t khng nu bit: a) x + y v x - y u l s hu t. b) x + y v

x y

u l s hu t.

i lng t l thun
1. Mt s M c chia lm 3 phn sao cho phn th nht v phn th hai t l (thun) vi 5 v 6; phn th hai v phn th ba t l (thun) vi 8 v 9. Bit phn th ba hn phn th hai l 150. Tm s M.

2. Mt i thu li c 10 ngi lm trong 8 ngy o p c 200m 3 t. Mt i khc c 12 ngi lm trong 7 ngy th o p c bao nhiu mt khi t ? (Gi thit nng sut ca mi ngi u nh nhau). 3. Vn tc ring ca mt ca n l 21km/h, vn tc dng sng l 3km/h. Hi vi thi gian ca n chy ngc dng c 30km th ca n chy xui dng c bao nhiu kilmt ? 4. Mt t chy t A n B vi vn tc 65km/h, cng lc mt xe my chy t B n A vi vn tc 40km/h. Bit khong cch AB l 540km v M l trung im ca AB. Hi sau khi khi hnh bao lu th t cch M mt khong bng
1 2

khong cch t xe my n M.
7

5 Tm 3 phn s ti gin bit tng ca chng l 3 60 , t ca chng t l vi 2, 3, 5 cn mu t l vi 5, 4, 6.

i lng t l nghch
1. Hai cnh ca mt tam gic di 25cm v 36cm. Tng di hai ng cao tng ng l 48,8cm. Tnh di ca mi ng cao ni trn. 2. Mt xe t chy t A n B gm 3 chng ng di bng nhau nhng cht lng mt ng tt xu khc nhau. Vn tc trn mi chng ln lt l 72km/h; 60km/h; 40km/h. Bit tng thi gian xe chy t A n B l 4 gi. Tnh qung ng AB. 3. Mt t d nh chy t A n B trong mt thi gian nht nh. Nu xe chy vi vn tc 64km/h th n ni sm c 1 gi. Nu xe chy vi vn tc 63km/h th n ni sm c 2 gi. Tnh qung ng AB v thi gian d nh i.

HNH HC
Hai ng thng vung gc 1. Cho gc bt AOB. Trn cng mt na mt phng b AB ta v ba tia OM, ON v OC sao cho AOM = BON < 90o v tia OC l tia phn gic ca gc MON. Chng t rng OC AB. 2. Cho hai tia Ox, Oy vung gc vi nhau. Trong gc xOy ta v hai tia OA, OB sao cho AOx = BOy = 30o. V tia OC sao cho tia Oy l tia phn gic ca gc AOC. Chng t rng: a. Tia OA l tia phn gic ca gc BOx b. OB OC 3. Cho gc MON c s o 120o. V cc tia OA, OB trong gc sao cho OA OM; OB ON. a. Chng t rng AON = BOM b. V tia Ox v tia Oy th t l cc tia phn gic ca cc gc AON v BOM. Chng t rng Ox Oy c. K tn nhng cp gc c cnh tng ng vung gc. ng thng song song 1. Xem hnh ri cho bit cc gc c cnh tng ng song song vi gc xOy bit O1 = 70o, A1 = 110o; B 2 = 110o 2. Trong hnh bn bit AB AC; o o o DAC = 140 ; B = 50 ; C = 40 Chng t rng: a) AD // CF b) AD // BE Tin -clit 1. Trong hnh bn, gc MON c s o bng ao (0 < a < 180). Ly A OM, B ON. V cc tia Ax v By trong gc MON sao cho MAx = mo; NBy = no v m + n = a. Chng t rng Ax // By 2. Qua im A ngoi ng thng a v 11 ng thng phn bit. Chng t

b B
2 1 3 4

y A
1

O E

x B
50o

D F

140o

A
40o

N y x mo A mo mo + no O ? B M x

no B O A

rng t nht cng c 10 ng thng ct a. 3. Trong hnh bn, cho bit Ax // By ; A = o o o m O = m + n (0 < m, n < 90). Tnh gc B.

Quan h gia tnh vung gc v tnh song song

a

d 1 A 2 2

1. Trong hnh bn, cho bit

B1

A1

5 A2 7

:
b

1 2 nh hn B 2 l 30o; C1 = C 2 . B 1 C Chng t rng a c 2. Cho tam gic ABC, A = 90o. Trn na mt phng b BC c cha A v cc tia Bx v Cy vung gc vi BC. Tnh ABx + ACy .

n tp 1. Cho hai ng thng a v b ct nhau ti mt im O ngoi phm vi t giy. Gi s tia Ot l tia phn gic ca gc nhn to bi hai ng thng (trn t giy khng c tia ny). T mt im A trn a hy v mt ng thng: a) Song song vi Ot ; b) Vung gc vi Ot 2. Cho tam gic ABC c A = 90o. Tia Bx l tia i ca tia BA. V tia phn gic By ca gc CBx. V CH By v CK CB (H, K thuc tia By). Chng minh rng HCA = HCK. 3. Cho A v B l hai gc c cnh tng ng vung gc. Bit A - B = o 40 , tnh s o cc gc A v B Tng 3 gc ca tam gic
1. Cho tam gic vung A, C = 40o. V ng phn gic AD, ng cao AH. Tnh s o gc HAD. 2. Cho tam gic ABC, O l mt im nm trong tam gic.

a) Chng minh rng b) Bit

ABO

BOC = A

+
A 2

ABO +

ACO

ACO

= 90o -

v tia BO l tia phn gic ca gc B,

chng minh rng tia CO l tia phn gic ca gc C. 3. Tam gic ABC c gc B > C . V phn gic AD.

a) Chng minh rng ADC - ADB = B -C b) ng thng cha tia phn gic gc ngoi nh A ca tam gic ABC

ct ng thng BC ti E. Chng minh rng

AEB

BC 2

4. Tam gic ABC c A = 180o - 3 C a. Chng minh rng B = 2C b. T mt im D trn cnh AB v DE // BC (E AC). Hy xc nh v tr ca D cho tia ED l tia phn gic ca gc AEB.

Trng hp c-c-c 1. Cho hai ng trn tm I v K cng c bn knh 1,5cm, chng ct nhau ti A v B. V dy AC ca ng trn tm I sao cho AC = AB. Chng minh rng IAC = IAB = KAB 2. Cho ABC, ng cao AH. Trn na mt phng b AC khng cha B, v ACD sao cho AD = BC; CD = AB. Chng minh rng AB // CD v AH AD Trng hp c-g-c 1. Cho tam gic u ABC, phn gic BD v CE ct nhau ti O. Chng minh rng: a) BD AC v CE AB b) OA = OB = OC c) AOB = BOC = COA t suy ra s o ca mi gc y. 2. Cho O l trung im ca AB. Trn hai na mt phng i nhau b AC, v cc tia Ax v By cng vung gc vi AB. Ly im M trn tia Ax, im N trn tia By sao cho AM = BN. Chng minh rng O l trung im ca MN. 3. Cho ABC vung ti A c C = 45o. V phn gic AD. Trn tia i ca tia AD ly im E sao cho AE = BC. Trn tia i ca tia CA ly im F sao cho CF=AB. Chng minh rng BE = BF v BE BF 1. Cho ABC. Cc im D v M di ng trn cnh AB sao cho AD = BM. Qua D v M v cc ng thng song song vi BC ct cnh AC ln lt ti E v N. Chng minh rng tng DE + MN khng i. 2. Cho ABC, A = 120o, phn gic BD v CE ct nhau ti O. Trn cnh BC ly hai im I v K sao cho BOI = COK = 30o. Chng minh rng: a) OI OK b) BE + CD < BC

3. Cho ABC. V ra pha ngoi ca tam gic ny cc tam gic vung cn A l ABE v ACF. V AH BC. ng thng AH ct EF ti O. Chng minh rng O l trung im ca EF. Tng hp
1. Cho ABC, A nhn. V cc ng cao BD v CE. Trn tia i ca tia BD ly im I, trn tia i ca tia CE ly im K sao cho BI = AC v CK = AB. Chng minh rng AIK vung cn. 2. Cho gc vung xOy, im A trn tia Ox, im B trn tia Oy. Ly im E trn tia i ca tia Ox, im F trn tia Oy sao cho OE = OB; OF = OA a) Chng minh rng AB = EF v AB EF b) Gi M v N ln lt l trung im ca AB v EF. Chng minh rng OMN vung cn. 3. Cho ABC. Qua A v ng thng xy // BC. T im M trn cnh BC v cc ng thng song song vi AB, AC chng ct xy theo th t ti D v E. Chng minh rng: a) ABC = MDE b) Ba ng thng AM, BD, CE cng i qua mt im.

Tam gic cn
1. Cho tam gic nhn ABC, A = 60o, ng cao BD. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB, AC. a. Xc nh dng ca cc tam gic BMD, AMD b. Trn tia AB ly im E sao cho AE = AN. Chng minh CE AB 2. Cho ABC vung cn ti A. V ra ngoi ABC tam gic cn BCM c y BC v gc y 15o. V tam gic u ABN (N thuc na mt phng b AB c cha C). Chng minh rng ba im B, M, N thng hng. 3. Cho ABC vung ti A. Trn cnh BC ly hai im M v N sao cho BM = BA; CN = CA. Tnh MAN . 4. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A (AB < AC), phn gic AD. T D v mt ng thng vung gc vi BC ct AC ti M. Tnh MBD . 5. Tam gic ABC c B = 75o; C = 60o. Ko di BC mt on thng CD

sao cho CD =

1 2

BC. Tnh

ADB .