Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.

com
I-Bt ng thc c si
1.Chng minh rng
2 2 2
2
a b c a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ +
+ + +
vi a,b,c>0
2.Chng minh rng
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
1 1 1 3
2
a b c b c a c a b
+ +
+ + +
vi a,b,c>0 v abc =1
3.Cho a,b,c>0 v abc=1.Cm:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
a 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 4
b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ + + + + +
4.Cho k s khng m
1 2
, ,...,
k
a a a tho
1 2
... 1
k
a a a
Cm:
1 2 1 2
... ...
m m m n n n
k k
a a a a a a + + + + + + vi ; , m n m n N
5.Cho 3 s thc x,y,z tho mn:
2004 2004 2004
3 x y z + + .Tm GTLN ca biu thc
3 3 3
A x y z + +
6.Cho a+b+c =0 .Chng minh rng
8 8 8 2 2 2
a b c a b c
+ + + +
7.Cho s t nhin 2 k .
1 2
, ,...,
k
a a a l cc s thc dng
Cmr:
1 2
1 2
2 3 1
... ...
m m m
m n m n m n
k
n
n n n
a a a
a a a
a a a

+ + + + + +
8.Cho x,y,z l ba s thc tho mn
1 1 1
1
x y z
+ +
.Tm GTNN ca biu thc
2006 2006 2006
2007 2007 2007
x y z
A
y z x
+ +
9.Tm GTNN ca
20 20 20
11 11 11
x y z
A
y z x
+ + vi
1 x y z + +
10.Cho n s thc
1 2
, ,...,
n
x x x thuc on [ ]
, , 0 a b a >
Cmr:
( )
( ) ( )
2
1 2
1 2
1 1 1
... ...
4
n
n
n a b
x x x
x x x ab
+ _
+ + + + + +

,
11.Cho n l s nguyn dng;ly [ ]
2000; 2001
i
x vi mi i=1,2,n
Tm GTLN ca
( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
2 2 ... 2 2 2 ... 2
n n
x x x x x x
F

+ + + + + +
12.Xt cc s thc
1 2 2006
, ,..., x x x tho
1 2 2006
, ,...,
6 2
x x x


Tm GTLN ca biu thc
( )
1 2 2006
1 2 2006
1 1 1
sin sin ... sin ...
sin sin sin
A x x x
x x x
_
+ + + + + +

,
13.Cho n s dng
1 2
, ,...,
n
a a a
t : { } { }
1 2 1 2
min , ,..., , ax , ,...,
n n
m a a a M M a a a
1 1
1
,
n n
i
i i
i
A a B
a



.Cmr: ( )
1
B n m M A
mM
+ 1
]
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
14.Cho 0, 0, 1,
i i
a b i n .Chng minh rng:
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
... ... ...
n n n
n n n n
a b a b a b a a a bb b + + + +
15.Cho 0, 1,
i
a i n .Chng minh rng:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 1 2 1 2
1 1 ... 1 1 ...
n
n
n n
a a a a a a + + + +
16.Chng minh ( ) 1.2... 1 1 1.2...
n
n
n n + + vi
2, n n N
17.Chng minh trong tam gic ABC ta c :
1/
3
1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1
sin sin sin 3 A B C
_ _ _ _
+ + + +

, , , ,
2/
3
1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1
B C
3
os os os
2 2 2
A
c c c
_ _ _

_
+ + + +


,

, , ,
3/
3
1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1
3
a b c
m m m R
_ _ _
_
+ + + +

,
, , ,
18.Cho a,b,x,y,z > 0 v x+y+z = 1.Chng minh:
( )
4
4 4
4
3 3
b b c
a a a a b
x y z
_
_ _
+ + + + + +

, ,
,
19.Cho
1
, 0, 0 1,.. ; 1
n
i i
i
a b x i n x

> >

. Cmr:
( )
1 2
...
m m m
m
n
b b b
a a a n a nb
x x x
_ _ _
+ + + + + + +

, , ,
vi m > 0
20.Cho
, , 0, 1 a b c a b c > + +
.Chng minh rng:
3
1 1 1
1 1 1 8
ab bc ca
_ _ _


, , ,
21.Cho [ ]
; x a b
.Tm GTLN ca biu thc ( ) ( ) ( )
m n
F x x a b x = - - vi
*
, m n
22.Cho
0
2
; x





.Tm GTLN ca biu thc ( )
p
sin . os
q
F x x c x = vi
*
, p q
23.Cho a,b,c khng m v c a + b + c =1.Tm GTLN ca biu thc ( )
30 4 2004
, , F a b c a b c =
24.Cho
, 0, 6 x y x y +
.Tm GTLN ca cc biu thc sau :
1/ ( ) ( )
2002
, . . 6 F x y x y x y = - -
2/ ( ) ( )
2002
, . . 4 F x y x y x y = - -
25.Xt cc s thc dng tha mn a + b +c =1.Tm GTNN ca biu thc
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
P
ab bc ca
a b c
= + + +
+ +
26.Xt cc s thc dng tha mn a +b +c + d =1.Tm GTNN ca biu thc
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
P
acd abd abc bcd
a b c d
= + + + +
+ + +
27.Gi s
1 2
, ,...,
n
x x x
>0 tha mn iu kin
1
1
1
n
i
i
i
x
x
=
=
+
. Cmr:
( )
1
1
1
n
i
n
i
x
n
=

-
28.Gi s a,b,c >0 tha mn
2 3
1
1 1 1
a b c
a b c
+ + =
+ + +
. Cmr:
2 3
6
1
5
ab c
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
29. Gi s
1 2
, ,...,
n
x x x
>0 tha mn iu kin
1
1
n
i
i
x
=
= .Cmr:
( )
1
1
1
1
n
i
n
i
i
x
x
n
=

-
-
30. (QG-98) Gi s
1 2
, ,...,
n
x x x
>0 tha mn iu kin
1
1 1
1998 1998
n
i
i
x
=
=
+
Cmr:
1 2
. ...
1998
1
n
n
x x x
n

-
31.Cho n s dng tha mn iu kin
1
1
n
i
i
a
=
<
Cmr:
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
... 1 ...
1
... 1 1 ... 1
n
n n
n n
a a a a a a
a a a a a a n
+

- + + +

+ + + - - -
33.Cmr:
, 2 n N n "
ta c
1 1 2
n n
n n
n n
n n
- + + <
34.Cho [ ] , , 0;1 x y z
.Cmr: ( ) ( )
3 3 3 2 2 2
2 3 x y z x y y z z x + + - + +
35. Cho [ ] , , 0; 2 x y z
.Cmr: ( ) ( )
6 6 6 4 2 4 2 4 2
2 192 x y z x y y z z x + + - + +
36.Cho [ ] 1; 2
i
x
vi i=1,,2000.Tha mn
2000
1
2005
i
i
x
=
= Tm GTLN ca
2000
3
1
i
i
A x
=
=
37.Chng minh :
2 2 2
1 1 1
3.2 a b c
ab bc ca

_ _ _
+ + + + +

, , ,
Trong
, , , 0 a b c >
38.Cho s dng a .Xt b s dng x,y,z tha mn iu kin:xy + yz + zx = 1
Tm GTNN ca biu thc ( )
2 2 2
P a x y z + +
39.Xt cc s thc x,y,z tha mn :
2 2 2 2
16
25
x y z xy a + + + .Trong a l mt s dng
cho trc .Tm GTLN ca biu thc :P = xy + yz + zx
40.Xt cc s thc a,b,c,d tha mn :
2 2 2 2
1
1
2
a b c d + + +
Tm GTLN v GTNN ca :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 P a b c b c d b a c d + + + + +
41.Cho hm s ( ) f x
tha mn pt ( )
4 4
2 cot f tg x tg x g x = +
Cmr: ( ) ( ) sinx cosx 196 f f +
( OLP-30-4-99)
II. PHNG PHP HNH HC
1.Cho
a,b,c,d
l cc s thc tho mn
2 2
4 a b + v c+d=4.
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc P=ac+bd+cd
2.Cho
a,b,c,d
l cc s thc tho mn
2 2
1 a b + v c+d=3Cmr:
9 6 2
ac+bd+cd
4
+

3(HSG-NA-2005)
a,b,c,d
l cc s thc tho mn
2 2
1 a b + v c-d=3
Cmr:
9 6 2
ac+bd-cd
4
+

4.Cho cc s a,b,c,d,x,y tha mn :

2 2 2 2
40 8 10 ; 12 4 6 ;3 2 13 a b a b c d c d x y + + + + + + +
Tm GTNN ca
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
P x a y b x c y d + + +
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
5.Cho hai s a,b tha mn iu kin a - 2b + 2 = 0
Chng minh rng :
2 2 2 2
6 10 34 10 14 74 6 a b a b a b a b + + + + +
6.Cho bn s a,b,c,d tha mn iu kin:a + 2b = 9;c + 2d = 4
Cmr:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
12 8 52 2 2 4 8 20 4 5 a b a b a b c d ac bd c d c d + + + + + + + + + +
7.Cho bn s thc a,b,c,d tha mn :
2 2
6; 1 c d a b + +
Cmr:
2 2
2 2 18 6 2 c d ac bd +
8.Cho a,b,c,d l bn s tha mn iu kin : ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 ; 4 1 a b a b c d c d + + + +
Cmr:
( )
4 2 2 2 4 2 2 a b c d + + + +
9. .Cho a,b,c,d l bn s tha mn iu kin :
2 2 2 2
5 a b c d + +
Cmr:
3 30
5 2 5 2 5
2
a b c d ac bd + + .Xt du bng xy ra khi no?
10.Cmr vi mi x,y ta u c:
2 2 2 2
4 6 9 4 2 12 10 5 x y x x y x y + + + + + +
11.Cho a,b,c,d l bn s thc tha mn ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2 ; 36 12 a b a b c d c d + + + + + +
Cm:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
6 6
2 2
2 1 2 1 a c b d + +
12.Cho x,y l hai s thc tha mn :
2 3 2
3 9
0, 0
x y
x y
x y
+

+
'

Cmr:
2 2
35
4 8 45
2
x y x y +
13.Cho cc s x,y tha mn :
2 8 0
2 0
2 4 0
x y
x y
y x
+

+ +
'

Cm:
2 2
16
20
5
x y +
III. NG DNG O HM
1Chng minh rng vi mi

ta c
2 2
17 os 4 os +6 os 2 os +3 2 11 c c c c + + +
2.Tm GTNN ca hm s
2 2
4 12 2 3 y x x x x + + + +
3.a)Chng minh bt ng thc:
sin 2 ; 0;
2
tgt t t t

_
+

,
b)Cho tam gic ABC c cc gc l A,B,C .
Chng minh :
A B C
1 os 1 os 1 os
2 2 2
3 3
A B C
c c c + + +
+ + >
( A,B,C o bng raian)
4.Cho [ ]
, 0;1 a b
Chng minh rng
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
x b a
x a b
a b x a x b
+ + +
+ + + + + +
vi [ ]
0;1 x
5.Cho hm s
2
2
os -2x+cos
x 2 os +1
x c
y
xc

vi ( ) 0;
Chng minh :
1 1; y x
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
6.Chng minh
sin sin sin 2 A B C tgA tgB tgC + + + + + >
.vi A,B,C l ba gc
ca mt tam gic.
7.Chng minh
sinx 1
2 2 2 ; 0
2
tgx x
x

+
+ > < <
8.Gi s f(x) l mt a thc bc n tha mn iu kin ( ) 0, f x x
Cmr:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
, ,,
... 0,
n
f x f x f x f x x + + + +
9.Chng minh rng trong tam gic ABC ta c
1 1 1
cot cot cot 3 3 2
sin sin sin
gA gB gC
A B C
_
+ + + + +

,
10.Cho tam gic ABC khng t ,tha mn h thc:
( ) ( )
1 1 5
os3A+cos3B os2A+cos2B osA+cosB=
3 2 6
c c c + .Chng minh tam gic ABC u
11.Cho 0
2
a b

< < < .Chng minh rng : ( ) a.sina-bsinb>2 cosb-cosa
12.Cho
a 1
0 q p q+1

'

.Chng minh rng ( )

( )
1
p q p q
a p q a a
+
+
13.Cho

< < 0
2
x .Chng minh rng :
3
sinx
osx
x
c
_
>

,
14.Cho tam gic ABC nhn .Cmr: ( ) 6 sin sin sin 12 3 tgA tgB tgC A B C + + + + +
15.Cho a,b,c l cc s khng m tha
2 2 2
1 a b c + +
.
Chng minh rng:
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3
2
a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ + +
16.Chng minh trong tam gic nhn ABC ta c
( ) ( )
2 1
sin sin sin
3 3
A B C tgA tgB tgC + + + + + >
17.Cho

< < 0
2
x .Cmr:
3
1
2s inx
2
2 2 2
x
tgx
+
+ >
18Cho s nguyn l 3 n .Cmr: 0 x ta lun c :
2 3 2 3
1 ... 1 ... 1
2! 3! ! 2! 3! !
n n
x x x x x x
x x
n n
_ _
+ + + + + + + <

, ,
19.vi gi tr no ca m th
3 3
sin os , x c x m x +
20.Cho x,y >0 .Chng minh rng :
2
3
2 2
4 1
8
4
xy
x x y

_
+ +

,
21.Cho
0, 0 x y
l hai s thc thay i tha mn
( )
2 2
x y xy x y xy + +
Tm GTLN ca biu thc
3 3
1 1
A
x y
+
22.Cho a,b,c l cc s tha mn iu kin
3
, ,
4
a b c
Chng minh ta c bt ng thc
2 2 2
9
10
1 1 1
a b c
a b c
+ +
+ + +
23.(HSG B Ra12-04-05)
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
1/Tm cc tr ca hm s
2
1
1
x
y
x x
+
+
2/ Cho cc s x,y,z tha mn x + y + z = 3
Tm GTNN ca
2 2 2
1 1 1 P x x y y z z + + + + +
24.Tm GTNN ca ( )
2 2 2
3 1 1 1 2 P x y z x y z
_
+ + + + + + +

,
25. Cho , , 0 a b c > v 6 a b c + + . Cmr:
4 4 4 3 3 3
2( ) a b c a b c + + + +
26. Cho , , 0 a b c > v
2 2 2
1 a b c + +
. Cmr:
1 1 1
( ) ( ) 2 3 a b c
a b c
+ + + +
27Cho a,b,c>0 .Cmr :
2 2 2
9
4( )
( ) ( ) ( )
a b c
a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ +
+ + +
28. (Olp -2006)Cho , , 0 a b c > .Cmr:
2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) 6
5
( ) ( ) ( )
a b c b c a c a b
a b c b c a c a b
+ + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
39.(Olp nht 1997)Cho , , 0 a b c > .Cmr:
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) 3
5
( ) ( ) ( )
b c a c a b a b c
b c a c a b a b c
+ + +
+ +
+ + + + + +
40.xt cc s thc dng x,y,z tha mn iu kin :
4
2
x y z
xyz
+ +
'

.
Tm GTLN v NN ca biu thc
4 4 4
P x y z + +
(QG -B-2004)
41. xt cc s thc dng x,y,z tha mn iu kin
( )
3
32 x y z xyz + +
Tm GTLN v GTNN ca
( )
4 4 4
4
x y z
P
x y z
+ +

+ +
(QG-A-2004)
42.Cc s thc dng a,b,c,d tha mn a b c d v bc ad .Chng minh rng
b c d a d a b c
a b c d a b c d
43.Xt cc s thc x,y tha mn iu kin: 3 1 3 2 x x y y + +
Tm GTLN v GTNN ca P = x + y ( QG B-2005)
44.Cho hm s f xc nh trn R ly gi tr trn R v tha mn ( ) cotgx sin 2 os2x f x c = +
,
( ) 0; x
Tm GTNN v GTLN ca hm s ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
sin os g x f x f c x =
QG B-2003 )
45.Cho hm s f xc nh trn R ly gi tr trn R v tha mn ( ) cotgx sin 2 os2x f x c = +
,
( ) 0; x
Tm GTNN v GTLN ca hm s ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] 1 , 1;1 g x f x f x x = - -
( QG A-2003)
46.Cho x>0 v
, 0; ;
2

a b a b

Cmr:
sin sin
sina sin
sin sin
x b b
x a
x b b
+

+

>



+
IV-NG DNG NH L LA GRNG
1.Chng minh rng nu 0 < b < a th ln
a b a a b
a b b

< <
2.Chng minh rng nu 0
2
a b

< < < th
2 2
os os
b a b a
tgb tga
c a c b

< <
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
3.Chng minh ( )
1
1 ; 0;1
2
n
x x x
ne
<
4.Cho m > 0 cn a,b,c l 3 s bt k tha mn iu kin
0
2 1
a b c
m m m
+ +
+ +
.Chng minh pt
2
0 ax bx c + +
c t nht mt nghim
thuc khong ( ) 0;1
5.Cho pt bc n:
1
1 1 0
... 0
n n
n n
a x a x a x a

+ + + + trong
1 1 0
0, ,..., ,
n n
a a a a

l s thc tha mn :
1 1
0
... 0
1 2
n n
a a a
a
n n

+ + + +
+
.Chng minh pt cho c
t nht mt nghim thuc khang ( ) 0;1
6.Cho cc s thc a,b,c v s nguyn n > 0 tha mn ( ) ( ) 5 2 6 0 c n a b + + +
Chng minh pt :
sin cos sin 0
n n
a x b x c x c + + +
c nghim thuc khong
0;
2

_

,
7.Cho hm s lin tc : [ ] [ ]
: 0;1 0;1 f
c o hm trn khong ( ) 0;1
Tha mn
( ) ( ) 0 0, 1 1 f f
.Chng minh tn ti ( ) , 0;1 a b
sao cho a b v
( ) ( )
, ,
1 f a f b
8.Gii cc pt sau :
a)
3 5 2.4
x x x
+
b)
osx osx
3 2 osx
c c
c
c) ( )
( )
osx osx
1 osx 2 4 3.4
c c
c + +
d)
2003 2005 4006 2
x x
x + +
9.Xt phng trnh :
2 2
1 1 1 1 1
... ...
1 4 1 2
1 1
x x
k x n x
+ + + + +


Trong n l tham s nguyn dng
a)Cmr vi mi s nguyn dng n ,pt nu trn c duy nht nghim ln hn 1
K hiu nghim l
n
x
b)Cmr dy s { }
n
x
c gii hn bng 4 khi
n +

(QG-A-2002)
10.Cho hm s ( ) f x
v ( )
,
f x ng bin trn on [ ] ; a b
,vi
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
,
1 1
,
2 2
f a a b f b b a = - = -
Chng minh rng tn ti
, ,
phn bit trong ( ) ; a b
sao cho ( ) ( ) ( ) 1
, , ,
f f f =
11.Cho [ ] [ ] 0 1 0 1 : ; ; f
tho mn cc iu kin ( ) [ ] 0 0 1
,
; ; f x x > " v ( ) ( ) 0 0 1 1 , f f = =
Cm:tn ti dy s
1 2
0 ... 1
n
a a a < < <
sao cho ( )
1
1
,
n
i
i
f a
=

(n l s nguyn dng 2 n )
12.Cho a,b,c,d l di cc cnh ca mt t gic
CMR:
3
4 6
abc abd bcd acd ab ac ad bd cd + + + + + + +

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
V .DNG NH NGHA TNH O HM TI MT IM
1.Tnh o hm cc hs sau ti cc im ch ra:
a) ( )
2
1 osxcos2x...cosnx
khi x 0
0 khi x=0
c
f x
x

'

ti x=0
b) ( )
ln osx
khi 0
x
0 khi 0
c
x
f x
x

'

ti x=0
2.Xc nh a,b hm s : ( )
( )
2
khi 0
1 khi 0
bx
x a e x
f x
ax bx x

+ <

'
+ +

c o hm ti x=0
3.Cho hm s ( )
p cosx +qsinx khi 0
px+q+1 khi 0
x
f x
x

'
>

Chng t rng mi cch chn p,q hm s f(x) khng th c o hm ti x=0

VI. NG DNG TNH N IU CA HM S
1.Gii bpt :
3 2
2 3 6 16 2 3 4 x x x x + + + > +
2.Xc nh a bt pt sau c nghim duy nht
2 2
1
2
log 11 log ax 2 3.log ax 2 1 1 0
a a
x x
_
+ + + +

,
3. Xc nh a bt pt sau c nghim duy nht
( )
2 2
1 5
log 3 log x ax+5 1 .log ax+6 0
a
a
x
_
+ + + +

,
4.Tm mi gi tr ca tham s a soa cho vi mi gi tr pt sau c ng 3 nghim
phn bit.
( )
( )
2
2 2
1
3
3
4 log 2 3 2 log 2 2 0
x a x x
x x x a
+
+ + +
5.Tm nhng gi tr ca a vi mi gi tr pt:
( ) ( )
2 2 2
3 1 9 2 x a a x +
c s nghim khng nhiu hn s nghim ca pt
( )
( )
2
3
3
1
3 2 .3 8 4 log 3 3
2
x a a
x a x
_
+

,
6. Tm nhng gi tr ca a pt:
( )
2 2 4 2
15 2 6 1 3 2 0 x m x m m + +
c s nghim khng nhiu
hn s nghim ca pt : ( )
( )
2
3 6 8
3 1 .12 2 6 3 9 2 0, 25
x m m
a x x + +
7.Gii pt :
( )
3
3 2
3log 1 2log x x x + +
8.Gii h 5
2 3
4
tgx tgy y x
x y

'
+

9.Gii bt pt ( )
7 3
log log 2 x x > +
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
10.Gii pt :
2 2
1 1
1
2 2
x x
a a
a a
_ _
+


, ,
vi tham s ( ) 0;1 a
11. Gii h:
(1)
1 1 8 (2)
tgx tgy y x
y x y

'
+ +

12 Gii pt:
2
osx=2 +
tg x
e c
vi
;
2 2
x

_


,
13 Gii pt:
2 2
3 (2 9 3) (4 2)( 1 1) 0 x x x x x + + + + + + +
14.Gii pt: + + +
3
3 1 log (1 2 )
x
x x
VII.TM IU KIN PT C NGHIM
1.Tm m pt sau c nghim :
2 2
1 1 x x x x m + + +
2. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca a pt:
2
1 cos ax x +
c ng mt nghim 0;
2
x

_

,
3.Cho hm s + + + ( )( ) y x x a x b vi a,b l hai s thc dng khc nhau cho trc .Cmr
vi mi ( ) 0;1 s u tn ti duy nht s thc

_
+
>

,
1
0: ( )
2
s s
s
a b
f

(QG-A-2006)
4.Cho pt :
( )
2
cos2x= m+1 cos 1 x tgx +
a)Gii khi m = 0
b)Tm m pt c nghim trong on
0;
3

1
1
]
5.Tm m pt sau c nghim: ( ) ( ) 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 0 m x m x m + + +
6.Tm m tn ti cp s (x;y) khng ng thi bng 0 tha mn pt:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
4 3 3 4 1 0 m x m y m x y + + +
7.Tm m pt :
1 cos8
6 2cos 4
x
m
x
+

+
c nghim.
8.Tm a pt :
2
2cos 2 ax x + =
ng 2 nghim thuc
0
2
;

9.Cho hm s:
( )
2
2
x
sinx+
x
f x e = -
a) Tm GTNN ca hm s
b) Cm pt ( ) 3 f x =
c ng hai nghim.
10.Chng minh pt
( )
1
1
x
x
x x
+
= + c mt nghim dng duy nht
11. Cho ( ) ( )
3 2
x 0; 0 f x ax bx c a = + + + = c 3 nghim phn bit
a)Hi pt:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
,, ,
2 0 f x f x f x

- =


c bao nhiu nghim
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
b)Chng minh rng:
( )
3
3 2
27 2 9 2 3 c a ab a b + - < -
12.Cho pt :
2
... 0
2
2 2
n

tg x tg x tg x




+ + + + + + =

( n l tham s)
a) Cmr v i mi s nguy n 2 n ,pt c mt nghim duy nht trong khong
0
4
;

.k hi ng l
n
x
b)Cm dy s (
n
x
) c gii hn
13.Chng minh pt ( )
4 3 2
4 2 12 1 0 f x x x x x = + - - + = c 4 nghim phn bit 1 4 ; ,
i
x i =
v hy tnh tng
( )
2
4
2
1
2 1
1
i
i
i
x
S
x =
+
=
-
VIII MT S BI TON V H PHNG TRNH
1.Tm a e he sau co nghiem duy nhat:
2 3 2
2 3 2
4 ax
x 4
y x x
y y ay

'
+

2. Tm m h pt sau c nghim
2x+ y-1
2 1
m
y x m

'
+

3.Gii h
2
2
2
1
2
1
y
x
y
x
y
x

'

4.Chng t rng vi mi 0 a th h sau c nghim duy nht
2
2
2
2
2
2
a
x y
y
a
y x
x

'

5.Tm a h
sinx=a
sin
x
y
y
y a
x

'

c nghim duy nht

0 2 ,0 2 x y < <
6.Gii h:

+ + +

+ + +
'

+ + +

3 2
3 2
3 2
3 3 ln( 1)
3 3 ln( 1)
3 3 ln( 1)
x x x x y
y y y y z
z z z z x
7.Gii h:
2
3
2
3
2
3
2 6 log (6 )
2 6 log (6 )
2 6 log (6 )
x x y x
y y z y
z z x z

+
'

( QG A- 2006)
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
8.Tm a h c nghim duy nht (HSG12-2006)

2 3 2
1 2 2 2
2 3 2
2 3 3 3
2 3 2
1 1 1
4 ax
4 ax
............................
4 ax
n
x x x
x x x
x x x

+
'

6.Gii h:
( )
( )
2 1 2 2 1
2 2
1 4 .5 1 2
4 1 ln 2 0
x y x y x y
y x y x
+ +

+ +

'
+ + + +

( HSGQG 1999)
7.Gii h:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 3
2 3
log 1 3 osx log sin 2
log 1 3sin log osx 2
c y
y c
+ +

'
+ +

(THTT)
8.Gi ( ) ; x y
l nghim ca h pt:
2 4
3 1
x my m
mx y m

- = -

+ = +

( m l tham s)
Tm GTLN ca biu thc
2 2
2 A x y x = + -
,khi m thay i

HNG DN GII
I.Bt ng thc
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
4. ( ) , 1,..,
m n
i i
na m n ma i k +
7.

( )
( )
1
2 1
2
1
1 2
2
* :
...
* :
* :
...
m
m n m n
n
m
m n m n
n
a
m n m n na ma
a
m n csi
a
m n n m ma na
a


> +

< +
20.
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
ab bc ca
A
ab bc ca
abc

_ _ _


, , ,
Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
1 1
4 4 4 2
a b c c a b a b a b a b
ab
+ + + + + + + 1 + + +
]

Tng t suy ra:
2
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
8
A
a b c
_
_ _ _
+ + +

, , , ,
M:
3
3
3
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 4
a b c
abc
_
_ _ _
+ + + +

, , ,
,
Vy: ( )
3
8 A dpcm
26.
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2
a b c d
P
ab ac ad bc bd cd bcd cda abd bca
a b c d
_ _
+ + + + + + + + + +

, ,
+ + +

2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
*
...
1 1 1 1 1 1
*
*
A B C
A
ab ac ad bc bd cd
a d
B
ab ac ad bc bd cd
a b c d
C
bcd acd dab abc
+ +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + +
+ + +
Ta cm:
100, 96, 64 260 A B C P
29.t:
, 1,...,
1
i
i
i
x
X i n
x

ta c
1
1
1
... ... 1
1 1
n
n
n
X X
x x
X X
+ + + +
+ +
T suy ra:
( )
1 2
1
1 1 1
... 1 . ...
1 1
1
n
n
n
n X X X
X X
n
+ +
+ +

(pcm)
30. t:
, 1,
1998
i
i
x
X i n
.Ta c:
1
1 1
... 1
1 1
n
X X
+ +
+ +
T suy ra: ( )
1
... 1
n
n
X X n .vy c (pcm)
31.t:
( )
1
1
1
1
1 ...
; 1,..., ;
1 ...
n
i n
i n
a a
a
X i n X
a a a
+
+ +

+ +
Ta c:
1 1
1 1 1
...
1 1 1
n n
n
X X X
+
+ + +
+ + +
.vy
1
1 1
1
...
n
n n
X X X
n
+
+
_

,
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
38.

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 1
2
z z
P a x y z x y a x y
xz yz xy

_ _
+ + + + + + +

, ,
+ +
Chn
2
a

39.

( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
16 16
1
25 2 2 25
16
2 2 1
2 25
z z
P x y z xy qx qy q x y xy
q
xz yz q xy
_ _
+ + + + + + + + +

, ,
1
+ + +
1
]
Chn ( )
16 18
2 2 1
2 25 25
q
q q +
2
ax
5
6
M
a
P khi
3
3
5 3
a
x y
a
z

'

39Do vai tr ca a v d,bv c trong biu thc trn ta d on im cc tr

s t c ti cc b s tha k:
2 2 2 2
, a d c d .vi p>0 xc nh sau ta c
cng theo v :
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
5 10
5 5
p
P p a d b c
p
+
+ + + +
Chn p tha :
1 2 1 5
1
2
p
p p
p
+ +
+
Vy
( )
ax
5 3 5
2
m
P
+

43.ng dung k c nghim ca hpt x
II PHNG PHP HNH HC
1.Gi
( ) ( ) ; , ; M a b N c d
T gt suy ra M,N nm trn ng trn
2 2
4 x y + v ng
thng
4 x y +
.D thy ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 20 20 ac bd cd a c b d MN + + +
M
2
12 8 2 MN
nn ( ) 2 8 8 2 4 4 2 ac bd cd ac bd cd + + + + +
Vy axP=4+4 2 m khi 2; 2 a b c d
2.v 3 tng t
4.Gi
( ) ( ) ( ) ; , , , ; N a b Q c d M x y
T gt suy ra N,Q,M ln lt thuc cc ng trn
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
: 4 5 1, : 2 3 1 C x y C x y + + v ng thng
( )
:
3 2 13 0 x y
Khi
P MQ MN +
Gi
1
, I R
v
2
, J R
ln lt l tm v bn knh ca
( ) ( )
1 2
, C C
Ly
( ) ; K uv
i xng vi I qua
( )
th
118 21
;
13 13
K
_

,
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 2
2 13 1
P MQ MN MJ J Q MI IN MJ MK R R + + + +

ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi
1 1 1
, , M M Q Q N N
.Trong
1 1
, M Q
l giao
Ca JK vi
( )
v
( )
2
C
cn
( )
1 1 1
N M I C
Vy ( )
min 2 3 1 P
III NG DNG O HM CM BT
3.T cu a) ta c
1 ost ost
cot
2t sin
c c
gt
t
+
>
.v v
cot cot 3 3
2 2 2
A B C
g cogt g + +
nn c pcm
4.Hm s ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 1
1 1 1
x b a
f x x a b
a b x a x b
+ + +
+ + + + + +
vi
[ ]
0;1 x
c o hm cp hai khng m nn o hm cp mt c nhiu nht 1 nghim
1
TH
: ( )
,
0 f x VN Th
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
ax f 0 ; 1 1 f x M f
2
TH
: ( )
,
0 f x c nghim duy nht
x
th v ( )
,
f x ng bin nn

l im
cc tiu v vy
[ ]
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
0;1
ax 0 ; 1 1
ax
f x m f f
m

(pcm)
8.t ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
,
...
n
F x f x f x f x + + + th
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
, , ,
...
n
F x f x f x f x F x f x + + + (1)
v f l a thc bc n nn
( )
( )
1
0
n
f x
+
.T gt bi ton suy ra f l a thc bc chn
c h s cao nht dng do F t GTNN.Gi s F t GTNN ti
0
x
Th
( )
,
0
0 F x
vy t (1) suy ra ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
,
0 0 0 0
0 F x F x f x f x + (pcm)
12.
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 p+q 1 0
p q p q p q p q
a a a a p q a a
+ +
+
Hm s:
( ) ( )
( )
1
p q p q
f x x p q x x
+
+
ng bin trn
[ ) 1;+
V c
( ) 1 0 f
nn t
1 a
ta c (pcm)
13.C lp x v xt du o hm ca ( )
2 3
sin . f x xtgx x
Ch : ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1
2sin 2sinx+tgx 3
3 3
x tg x x + >
*Cng c th xt n o hm cp 3 kh x
15.T d on im ri dn n xt hm s c im cc tr
1
3
x
l
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
( )
3 2
1 y x x x x
23.
2
1
1
x
y
x x
+

+
t cc i duy nht bng 2 ti x=1
nn
2 2 2
1 1 1 P x x y y z z + + + + + nh nht bng 3
*c th dng bunhia hoc hm li
40.
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2 2 2
16 2 2 16
P x y z x y z x y y z z x
x y z xy yz zx xy yz zx xyz x y z
t t
+ + + + + +
1 1
+ + + + + + + +
1 1
] ]

vi t=xy + yz +zx
( ) ( )
2
4 t x y z yz x x
x
+ + +
V
2
4 2 4
3 5; 2
2 2 2
y z x x
yz x
x
+
_
1


]
,
do (0<x<4)
T tm c min v max ca P
41.Tng t40
42. Ly ln hai v ta c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ln ln ln ln d b c a c a d b
(1)
Nu
a c
hoc
d b
th hin nhin ng
Xt
a c
v
d b
.Khi (1)
( )
ln ln
ln ln ln ln
1
1 1
c d
c a d b
a b
c d c a d b
a b
a b


_ _


, ,
Xt hm s : ( ) ( )
ln
, 1,
1
x
f x x
x
+

nghch bin trn

( ) 1,+
Suy ra:
ln ln ln ln
1 1 1 1
c d c d
c d
a b a b
f f
c d c d a b
a b
a b a b
_ _


_ _ _ _ , ,


, , , ,
44,45. Biu din
sin 2 , os2x x c
theo cotgx ta c ( )
2
2
2 1
1
t t
f t
t
+ -
=
+
IV NG DNG NH L LAGRANG
6. xt hm s ( )
2 2
3 2
2 sin 2 sin 2
sin os
2 2 3
n n
a x b x c
f x x cc x
n n
+ +
= - + -
+ +
8.a)
3 5 2 4 5 4 4 3 .
x x x x x x x
+ = - = -
(1) .Gi s pt c nghim
x =
Xt hm s ( ) ( ) 1 0 , f t t t t

= + - > c
( ) ( ) 4 3 f f =
.Do tn ti
( ) 3 4 ; c
Sao cho
( ) ( )
1
1
0
0 1 0
1
,
f c c c

-
-

= + - =

Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
Th li thy
0 x =
v 1 x = u tha mn (1)
Vy pt c hai nghim
0 x =
, 1 x =
b)
2 3 3 2 2
t
t=cosx 3
t t t
t t t - = - = -
. Gi s pt c nghim
x =
Xt ( ) f t t t

= - th
( ) ( ) 3 2 f f =
suy ra pt ( ) 0
,
f t = c nghim c
nghim
( ) 2 3 ; c
.
( ) ( )
( )
, 1 , 1
0
1 0
1


f tt f c c

- -

= - = - =

c)t
1 1 cos , t x t = -

Ta c pt: ( )
( )
( )
3 4
1 2 4 3 4 1 0
2 4
.
.
t
t t
t
t f t t + + = = - - =
+
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
6 4 4
1 0 6 4 4 2 4
2 4
, ,
ln .
, ln .
t
t t
t
f t f t = - = = +
+
.y l pt bc hai theo
4
t
nn c khng qu hai nghim do pt
( ) 0 f t =
c khng qu 3 nghim
Ta thy
1
0 1
2
, , t t t = = =
l 3 nghim ca pt
C) Xt ( ) 2003 2005 4006 2
x x
f x x = + - - c o hm cp hai dng
V
( ) ( ) 0 1 0 f f = =
.vy pt c hai nghim l 0 v 1
9)Vit li pt di dng
( )
2
1 1 1 1
0
2 1 4 1
1
...
n
f x
x x
n x
=- + + + + =
- -
-
(1)
D thy ,vi mi

*
n
hm
( )
n
f x
lin tc v nghch bin trn
( ) 1;+
Hn na
( )
n
f x +
khi
1 x
+

v ( )
1
2
n
f x -
khi
x +
.T suy ra
Vi mi

*
n
,pt(1) c duy nht nghim
1
n
x >
Vi mi

*
n
,ta c
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
4
2
2 1 4 1
2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
2 3 3 5 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
1
0
2 2 1
...
... ...
n
f
n
k k n n
f x
n
=- + + + +
- -
-


= - + - + - + + - + + -

- - - +
=- < =
+
T , dohm
( )
n
f x
trn
( ) 1;+
nn
4
n
x <
vi mi

*
n
(2)
Mt khc hm
( )
n
f x
c o hm trn
[ ] 4 ,
n
x
nn theo nh l Lagrange
Vi mi

*
n
tn ti
( ) 4 ;
n
t x
sao cho
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2
4
1 4 1

4 9
1 1 4 1
, *
...
n n n
n
f f x
n
f t n
x
n t t t
-
- - -
= = + + + <- "
-
- - -
Hay
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 9
4
2 2 1 4 9 2 2 1
* *
n
n
n x n
n x n
-
<- " > - "
+ - +
(3)
Nm hc 2010-2011
Bi tp i s www.VNMATH.com
t (2) v (3) :
( )
9
4 4
2 2 1
*
,
n
x n
n
- < < "
+
suy ra
4 lim
n
x =
(pcm)
III .NG DNG O HM TM K PT C NGHIM
2.
( ) 1 0
2
2
2
osx-1
ax osx , ;
x
c
c a f x x



+ = = = "

Tm min gi tr ca f(x) ta c a cn tm
3.Hm s
( ) ( ) y x x a x b =- + + +
c min gi tr trn
( ) 0;+
l
2
;
a b
ab

+

Do ch cn cm:
1
2 2
s s
s
a b a b
ab

+ +

< <

,vi mi
( ) 0 1 ; s
4
.
( ) ( ) 4 3 3 3 4 1 1 0
3 3 4 1 1
4 3 3 1 1
m x m x m
x x
m
x x
- + + - - + - =
+ + - +
=
+ + - +
Ch :
2 2
3 1
1
2 2
x x

+ -


+ =





.Do lng gic ha v a v n ph
2
t tg

=
Ri kho st hm s thu c theo t
5.Tng t 4
10. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
1 1 1 0 ln ln
x
x
x x f x x x x x
+
= + = + - + =
Ta c
( )
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0
1 1
,
ln f x
x x x x x x


= + - - < - - <

+ +
vi x>0 vy f Nb
M
( ) 1 2 0 ln f = >
v
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1
1
1 1 1
1
1 1
ln ln
lim lim
ln ln
lim
x x
x
x
f x x x
x
x
x
+ +
+
+



= + + - +

= + - + =-

Kt hp f lin tc trong
( ) 0,+
suy ra pt c nghim dng duy nht .
Nm hc 2010-2011