Chuyn dch cn bng.

Ta c pt p nh sau aA + bB <---> cC + dD +)Ti trng thi cn bng th tc ng thun bng vn tc phn ng nghch,vit kh hiu l:vt= vn Vt=k x [A]a x [B]b (1) ; vn=k [C]c x [D]d (2) +)Chuyn dch cn bng l lm cho tc phn ng thun v nghch ang trng thi cn bng khng bng nhau na.cc yu t nh hng n na l :nng cc cht,nhit ,p xut. *) Yu t nh hng nng : nu nng bn tri tng nn th s lm cho vt tng nn,lm cho chuyn dch cn bng theo chiu thun,nu nng bn phi tng nn th s lm chuyn dch theo chiu nghch,nu c hai bn cng tng th p ci tng ca tng bn vo ci cng thc kia,ri so snh vn v vt,ci no ln hn th s lm chuyn dch cn bng v pha y Vd: Cho p sau N2 + 3H2 <----> 2NH3 1) ti trng thi cn bng tng nng ca H2 ln 2 ln lm cho chuyn dch sang chiu thun (sang bn phi) v Vt ban u= k [N2] [H2]3,khi tng nng ca H2 nn 2 ln th Vt sau= k [N2] [2H2]3 =k[N2]8[H2]3. 2)Nu tng ng thi nng H2 nn 2 ln cn N2 nn 3 ln th chuyn dch cn bng chuyn dch sang chiu nghch.v khi thm vo lm cho Vn > Vt (mn hiu r ch ny th e li thay vo 2 ci cng thc ban u y,ri so snh ) *) Yu t nh hng nhit : hng s cn bng ph thuc vo nhit ,hng s cn bng tng theo nhit .ta li c k=kt/kn TH1: p l phn ng ta nhit c enta H <0.Khi tng nhit nn th nhit ta ra cng ln lm cho hng s cn bng gim,hay kn s tng nhiu hn kt,da vo ci cng thc tnh vt v vn u tin th ta c th thy luk ny vn>vt lm cho chuyn dch cn bng theo chiu nghch,khi nhit gim th ngc li. TH2 phn ng thu nhit c enta H > 0.khi tng nn nn th nhit thu vo s ln lm cho hng s cn bng tng nn,khi kt s tng mnh hn kt,da vo ci cng thc tnh vt v vn u tin th ta c th thy cn bng chuyn dch sang bn phi.khi gim nhit th ngc li *) Yu t nh hng p xut: ta c biu thc tnh nh sau PV=nRT<--->n/V = P/RT m li c n/V bng CM ca cc cht ti thi im cn bng(hay thi im ang xt)(trong iu kin nhit ,s mol,R khng thay i) +)nu tng P bng cch thm kh khc ngoi cc cht c trng thi cn bng ang xt th k lm chuyn dch cn bng,v khng lm nh hng n ci n/V (n y l s mol ca cht c trong luk cn bng) +)nu thay i p sut bng cch gim V i th n/V s tng nn hay CM ca cc cht ti thi im cn bng tng nn vi s ln bng nhau.nu bn no c nhiu kh hn hay c s mol nhiu hn th s lm cho chuyn dch theo chiu ca bn .(cht rn khng c nh hng,ch xt ti cht kh thoy)