TRN ANH TIN

TI LIU H TR T HC
NH HNG TR LI
CU HI V BI TP
VT L 11














Qung ngi, nm 2008
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 1 -
MC LC
Trang
CHNG I. IN TCH. IN TRNG. ................................................................ - 2 -
BI 1. IN TCH. NH LUT CU LNG. ...................................................................... - 2 -
BI 2. THUYT LECTRON. NH LUT BO TON IN TCH. ............................... - 4 -
BI 3. IN TRNG V CNG IN TRNG. NG SC IN. .............. - 7 -
BI 4. CNG CA LC IN. ............................................................................................. - 12 -
BI 5. IN TH. HIU IN TH ..................................................................................... - 15 -
BI 6. T IN ...................................................................................................................... - 18 -
CHNG II. DNG IN KHNG I .................................................................. - 20 -
BI 7. DNG IN KHNG I. NGUN IN .............................................................. - 20 -
BI 8. IN NNG. CNG SUT IN ............................................................................. - 26 -
BI 9. NH LUT M I VI TON MCH ................................................................ - 30 -
BI 10. GHP CC NGUN IN THNH B ................................................................ - 34 -
CHNG III. DNG IN TRONG CC MI TRNG .................................... - 37 -
BI 13. DNG IN TRONG KIM LOI ............................................................................ - 37 -
BI 14. DNG IN TRONG CHT IN PHN ............................................................. - 39 -
BI 15. DNG IN TRONG CHT KH ........................................................................... - 40 -
BI 16: DNG IN TRONG CHN KHNG ................................................................... - 43 -
CHNG IV. T TRNG ........................................................................................ - 44 -
BI 19. T TRNG ............................................................................................................. - 44 -
BI 20. LC T. CM NG IN T ............................................................................... - 46 -
BI 21. T TRNG CA DNG IN CHY TRONG DY DN C HNH DNG C
BIT ......................................................................................................................................... - 49 -
BI 22. LC LO REN X ................................................................................................ - 52 -
CHNG V. CM NG IN T ............................................................................ - 55 -
BI 23. T THNG. CM NG IN T .......................................................................... - 55 -
BI 24. SUT IN NG CM NG ............................................................................... - 58 -
BI 25. T CM ..................................................................................................................... - 61 -
PHN II - QUANG HNH HC ................................................................................... - 64 -
CHNG VI. KHC X NH SNG ........................................................................ - 64 -
BI 26. KHC X NH SNG ............................................................................................. - 64 -
BI 27. PHN X TON PHN ........................................................................................... - 67 -
CHNG VII. MT. CC DNG C QUANG ....................................................... - 71 -
BI 28. LNG KNH .............................................................................................................. - 71 -
BI 29. THU KNH MNG ................................................................................................. - 74 -
BI 30. GII BI TON V H THU KNH .................................................................... - 79 -
BI 31. MT ........................................................................................................................... - 82 -
BI 32. KNH LP .................................................................................................................. - 88 -
BI 33. KNH HIM VI .......................................................................................................... - 90 -
BI 34. KNH THIN VN .................................................................................................... - 94 -

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 2 -
CHNG I. IN TCH. IN TRNG.
BI 1. IN TCH. NH LUT CU LNG.
C1. Trn hnh 1.2, AB
v MN l hai thanh
c nhim in. Mi
tn ch chiu quay ca
u B khi a u M n gn. Hi u B
v u M nhim in cng du hay tri
du ?
C2.Nu tng khong cch gia hai qu
cu ln ba ln th lc tng tc gia chng
( hai in tch im ) tng ln hay gim
bao nhiu ln ?
C3. Khng th ni v hng s in mi
ca cht no di y ?
A. Khng kh kh.
B. Nc tinh khit.
C. Thu tinh.
D. ng.
CU HI V BI TP
1. in tch im l g ?


2. Pht biu nh lut Cu lng.







3. Lc tng tc gia cc in tch khi t
C1:V lc tng tc gia hai in tch
im t l nghch vi bnh phng khong
cch gia chng nn lc tng tc gia
chng gim 9 ln.



C2:V u M y u B nn hai u M v
B nhim in cng du


C3: v hng s in mi l mt i lng
c trng cho tnh cht in ca mt cht
cch in nn chn D.




1. in tch im l mt vt tch in c
kch thc rt nh so vi khong cch ti
im m ta xt.
2. Lc ht hay lc y gia hai in tch
im t trong chn khng c phng
trng vi ng thng ni hai in tch
, c ln ca hai in tch v t l
nghch vi bnh phng khong cch gia
chng.
2
2 1
r
q q
k F = ; k = 9.10
9

2
2
.
C
m N

3. Nh hn c ln so vi khi t trong chn
A
B
M
N
H 1.2
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 3 -
trong mt in mi s ln hn hay nh
hn khi t trong chn khng ?
4. Hng s in mi ca mt cht cho ta
bit iu g ?


V
5. Chn cu ng.
Khi tng ng thi ln ca hai in
tch im v khong cch gia chng ln
gp i th lc tng tc gia chng
A. tng gp i.
B. gim i mt na.
C. gim i bn ln.
D.khng thay i
6. Trong trng hp no sau y ta c th
coi cc vt nhim in l cc in tch
im ?
A. Hai thanh nha t gn nhau.
B. Mt thanh nha v mt qu cu t gn
nhau.
C. Hai qu cu nh t xa nhau.
D. Hai qu cu ln t gn nhau.
7. Nu nhng im ging v khc nhau
gia nh lut Culng v nh lut vn vt
hp dn.




8. Hai qu cu nh mang hai in tch c
ln bng nhau, t cch nhau 10 cm
khng.

4. N cho ta bit, khi t cc in tch
trong cht th lc tc dng gia chng
nh i bao nhiu ln so vi khi t chng
trong chn khng.

5. Chn D.







6. Chn C







7. Hai nh lut ny ging nhau v hnh
thc pht biu, nhng khc nhau v ni
dung ( mt nh lut ni v lc c hc,
cn nh lut kia ni v lc in ). Cc i
lng vt l tham gia vo hai nh lut c
bn cht vt l khc hn nhau.

8. Vi q
1
= q
2
= q.
p dng nh lut Cu lng ta c:
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 4 -
trong chn khng th tc dng ln nhau
mt lc l 9.10
-3
N. Xc nh in tch ca
hai qu cu .

2
2
r
q
k F = q = 1.10
-7
C.


BI 2. THUYT LECTRON. NH LUT BO TON IN TCH.
C1: Hy vn dng thuyt lectron gii
thch hin tng nhim in ca thanh
thu tinh khi c xt vo d. Cho rng
trong hin tng ny, thu tinh b nhim
in dng v ch c cc lectron c th
di chuyn t vt n sang vt kia.


C2: Hy nu mt nh ngha khc v vt
dn in v vt cch in.




C3: Chn khng dn in hay cch in ?
Ti sao ?
C4: Hy gii thch s nhim in ca mt
qu cu kim loi khi cho n tip xc vi
mt vt nhim in dng.




C5: Hy vn dng
thuyt lectron gii
thch hin tng nhim in do hng
ng. Bit rng trong kim loi c lectron
C1: Khi c xt vo d th thu tinh nhim
in dng.V khi c xt nh vy th do
mt c ch no m ta cha r, mt s
electron t thu tinh chuyn sang d.
Thu tinh ang trng thi khng mang
in b mt lectron s tr thnh nhim
in dng.

C2: Vt dn in l vt trong ta c th
di chuyn t im n n im kia cc
in tch m ta a t ngoi vo. Vt cch
in l vt m ta khng th di chuyn cc
in tch m ta a vo t im n n
im kia.
C3: Chn khng l mt mi trng cch
in v khng cha cc in tch t do.
C4: Mt qu cu kim loi trng thi
trung ho in vn cha cc in tch t
do. Khi cho qu cu kim loi tip xc vi
mt vt nhim in dng, th mt s
lectron ca qu cu b ht sang vt nhim
in dng lm cho qu cu cng b
nhim in dng.
C5: Khi a qu cu A nhim in dng
li gn u M ca mt thanh kim loi MN
th qu cu A s ht cc lectron t do ca
thanh MN v pha mnh lm cho lectron
+
A
-
+
M N
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 5 -
t do.













CU HI V BI TP
1. Trnh by ni dung ca thuyt lectron.










2. Gii thch hin tng nhim in dng
ca mt qu cu kim loi do tip xc bng
thuyt lectron.
3. Trnh by hin tng nhim in do
hng v vn dng gii thch hin tng
bng thuyt electron.
tp trung nhiu u M nn M s nhim
in m; cn u N s thiu lectron nn
nhim in dng. Nhng in tch tp
trung M v N s tc dng ln cc
lectron t do cn li trong thanh MN
nhng lc ngc chiu vi lc ht ca A.
Nu cc in tch tp trung ln th cc
lc tc dng ca cc in tch A, M v
N ln mi lectron t do cn li trong
thanh MN s cn bng nhau v s khng
cn c thm lectron n tp trung u
M na.
u M tha vo nhiu lectron th u N
s thiu by nhiu lectron.

1. Electron c th ri khi nguyn t di
chuyn t ni ny n ni khc. Nguyn
t b mt lectron s tr thnh mt ht
mang in dng gi l ion dng.
- Mt nguyn t trung ho c th nhn
thm eclectron tr thnh mt ht mang
in m v c gi l ion m.
- Mt vt nhim in m khi s lectron
m n cha ln hn s in tch nguyn t
dng (prtn ). Nu s lectron t hn s
prton th vt nhim in dng.
2. Ging cu C4.


3. Ging cu C5.


Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 6 -
4. Pht biu nh lut bo ton in tch v
vn dng gii thch hin tng xy ra
khi cho mt qu cu nhim in dng
tip xc vi mt qu cu nhim in m.





V
5. Chn cu ng.
a qu cu tch in Q li gn qu cu
M nh, nh, bng bc, treo u mt si
ch thng ng. Qu cu bc M b ht
dnh vo qu cu Q. Sau th
A. M tip tc b ht dnh vo Q.
B. M ri Q v vn b ht lch v pha
Q.
C. M ri Q v v tr thng ng.
D. M b y lch v pha bn kia.
6. a mt qu cu Q tch in dng li
gn u M ca mt khi tr kim loi MN (
H 2.4 )



Ti M v N s xut hin cc in tch tri
du. Hin tng g s xy ra nu chm tay
vo im I, trung im ca MN ?
A. in tch M v N khng thay i.
B. in tch M v N mt ht.
C. in tch M cn, N mt.
4. - nh lut bo ton in tch: Trong
mt h c lp tng i s cc in tch l
khng i.
- Khi cho qa cu nhim in dng tip
xc vi mt qu cu nhim in m th
mt s electron qu cu nhim in m
s di chuyn sang B, n mt lc no
th in tch ca hai qu cu ny cn bng
nhau.

5. Chn D.









6. Chn A.











-
+ +
Q M N
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 7 -
D. in tch M mt, N cn.
7. Hy gii thch hin tng bi bm cht
vo cc cnh qut trn, mc d cnh qut
thng xuyn quay rt nhanh.

7. Cc cnh qut trn c ph mt lp sn.
Lp sn ny l cht cch in. Khi qut
quay th ln sn ny c xt vi khng kh
nn b nhim in v ht cc ht bi trong
khng kh. Cc ht bi ny s dnh cht
vo cnh qut, nn khi cnh quay, chng
vn khng b vng ra.
BI 3. IN TRNG V CNG IN TRNG. NG SC IN.
C1. Hy chng minh vect cng in
trng ta
im M
ca mt
in tch im Q c phng v chiu nh
trn hnh H.3.3
C1: Nu t ti im M trong in trng
mt in tch th dng q th phng v
chiu ca lc in tc dng ln q s cho
bit phng v chiu ca cng in
trng ti . V vy, vect cng in
trng ca in tch im dng s hng
ra xa in tch ; ca in tch m s
hng v in tch .
C2: Da
vo h
thng
ng sc (
hnh 3.6 v 3.7), hy chng minh rng,
cng in trng ca mt in tch
im cng gn in tch im th cng
ln.
C2: Da vo quy c v ng sc in.
Ta thy gn in tch Q, cc ng sc
st nhau, xa in tch Q, cc ng sc
nm xa nhau. iu chng t, gn in
tch Q th cng in trng ln, xa
in tch Q cng in trng nh.
CU HI V BI TP
1. in trng l g ?

1. in trng l dng vt cht ( mi
trng ) bao quanh in tch v gn lin
vi in tch. in trng tc dng lc
in trng ln cc lc in tch khc t
trong n.
Q
+ -
o
M
E

M
E

o
H 3.3
+
-
H3.6 H3.7
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 8 -

2. Cng in trng l g ? N c
xc nh nh th no ? n v cng
in trng l g ?
2. - Cng in trng l i lng
c trng cho tc dng mnh yu ca in
trng ti mt im.
- N c xc nh bng thng s ca
ln lc in F tc dng ln mt in tch
th q dng t ti im v ln ca
q.
q
F
E

=
- n v: V/m
3. Vect cng in trng l g ? Nu
nhng c im ca vect cng in
trng ti mt im.
3. - Vect cng in trng l i
lng biu din phng chiu v ln
ca cng in trng ti mt im.
- c im E

:
+ Phng v chiu trng vi phng v
chiu ca lc in tc dng ln in tch
th q dng
+ Chiu di biu din ln ca cng
in trng theo mt xch no .
4. Vit cng thc tnh v nu nhng c
im ca cng in trng ca mt
in tch im.
4. Cng thc cng in trng ca
mt in tch im trong chn khng:
2
r
Q
k
q
F
E = =
c im: ln ca cng in
trng E khng ph thuc vo ln ca
in tch th q.
5. Cng in trng ca mt h in
tch im c xc nh nh th no ?
5. Cng in trng ca mt h in
tch im gy ra ti 1 im c xc nh
bng tng cc vect in trng ti im
.

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 9 -
6. Pht biu nguyn l chng cht in
trng.

6. Cc in trng
2 1
, E E

ng thi tc
dng lc in ln in tch q mt cch c
lp vi nhau v in tch q chu tc dng
ca in trng tng hp E

:
2 1
E E E

+ =
Cc vect cng in trng ti 1
im c tng hp theo quy tc hnh
bnh hnh.

7. Nu nh ngha v c im ca ng
sc in.
7. nh ngha: ng sc in l ng
m tip tuyt ti mi im ca n l gi
ca vect cng in trng ti im
. Ni cch khc, ng sc in l
ng m lc in tc dng dc theo .
c im:
+ Qua mi im trong in trng c mt
ng sc in v ch mt m thi
+ ng sc in l nhng ng c
hng. Hng ca ng sc in ti mt
im l hng ca vect cng in
trng ti im .
+ ng sc in ca trng tnh in l
nhng ng khng khp kn. N i ra t
in tch dng v kt thc in tch
m.
+ ch cng in trng ln th cc
ng sc in c v mau, cn ch
cng in trng nh th cc ng
sc in s tha hn.

8. in trng u l g ? 8. in trng u l in trng m
vect cng in trng ti mi im
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 10 -
u c cng phng, chiu v ln;
ng sc in l nhng ng thng
song song cch u.

V
9. i lng no di y khng lin
quan n cng in trng ca mt
in tch im Q ti mt im ?
A. in tch Q.
B. in tch th q.
C. Khong cch t Q n q.
D. Hng s in mi ca mi trng.

9. Chn B.







10. n v no sau y l n v cng
in trng ?
A. Nuitn.
B. Culng.
C. Vn nhn mt.
D. Vn trn mt.

10. Chn D.
11. Tnh cng in trng v v vect
cng in trng do mt in tch
im +4.10
-8
C gy ra ti mt im cch
n 5 cm trong mt mi trng c hng s
in mi l 2.

11. Ta c: E = k
2
r
Q
c
= 9.10
9
.
( )
2
2
8
10 . 5 . 2
10 . 4

=
72.10
3
V/m.



12. Hai in tch im q
1
= + 3.10
-8
C v
q
2
= - 4.10
-8
C c t cch nhau 10 cm
trong chn khng. Hy tm cc im m
ti cng in trng bng khng.
Ti cc im c cng in trng
hay khng ?
12.




Gi C l im m ti cng in
- +
C
E
1

A B
q
1 q
2
C
C
E
2

+
E

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 11 -
trng tng hp bng khng.
+ Gi
C C
E E
2 1
,

l cng in trng do
cc in tch q
1
, q
2
gy ra ti C.
Ta c:
0
2 1

= +
C C
E E
C C
E E
2 1

=
C C
E E
2 1
,

l
2 vect cng phng, ngha l C nm trn
ng thng AB. Hai vect ny phi
ngc chiu, tc l C nm ngoi on
AB. Hai vect ny phi c ln bng
nhau, ngha l im C nm gn A hn B
v
2 1
q q <
+ t AB = l v AC = x, ta c:
2
2 9
2
1 9
) (
10 . 9 10 . 9
x l
q
x
q
+
=
x
x
x l
q
q

|
.
|

\
| +
=
2
1
2
= 64,6 cm.
Ngoi ra cn phi k tt c cc im nm
rt xa q
1
v q
2
.
Ti im C cng in trng bng
khng nn ti khng c in trng.

13. Ti hai im A v B cch nhau 5 cm
trong chn khng c hai in tch q
1
= +
16.10
-8
C v q
2
= -9.10
-8
C. Tnh cng
in trng tng hp v v vect cng
in trng ti im C nm cch A
mt khong 4 cm v cch B mt khong
3cm.
13.
Gi
2 1
, E E

l cc vect cng in
trng do cc in tch q
1
, q
2

gy ta ti C.
2 1
, E E

c hng nh hnh v, v c ln
ln lt l:
E
1
= 9.10
9

5
2
1
10 . 9 =
AB
q
V/m.
E
2
= 9.10
9

5
2
2
10 . 9 =
BC
q
V/m.
1
E

2
E

C
E

C
A
B
q
1
>0 q
2
<0
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 12 -
Cng tng hp ti C:
2 1
E E E
C

+ =
E
c
= 2 E
1
= 12,7.10
5
.
BI 4. CNG CA LC IN.
C1. Hy nu s tng t gia cng ca
lc in trong trng hp ny vi cng
ca lc in.
C1. Cng ca trng lc khi mt vt c
khi lng m di chuyn t im M n
im N c hiu cao l h, theo mt
ng cong bt k, c ln l:
A = mgh
Cng ny ch ph thuc vo h m khng
ph thuc vo dng ng i. Ngha l ch
ph thuc vo v tr im u v im
cui ca ng i, iu ny tng t nh
cng ca lc in.

C2. Cho mt in tch im Q nm ti tm
ca mt vng trn. Khi di chuyn mt
in tch th q dc theo cung MN ca
vng trn th cng ca lc in s bng
bao nhiu ?

C2. Cng ca lc in trong trng hp
ny s bng khng v lc in F

nm trn
ng thng ni hai in tch trong trng
hp ny lun vung gc vi qung ng
dch chuyn.
C3. Th nng ca in tch th q trong
in trng ca in tch im Q nu
cu C2 s thay i th no khi q di chuyn
dc theo cung MN ?

C3. Khi cho in tch q dch chuyn dc
theo cung MN nh C2 th th nng ca
in tch q trong in trng s khng
thay i v lc in khng sinh cng.

1
E

2
E

C
E

C
A
B
q
1
>0 q
2
<0
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 13 -
CU HI V BI TP
1. Vit cng thc tnh cng ca lc in
trong s dch chuyn ca mt in tch
trong mt in trng u.


1. Cng ca lc in trong s dch chuyn
n tch q trong in trng u t M n
N l:
A
MN
= qEd
2. Nu c im ca cng ca lc in tc
dng ln in tch th q khi cho q di
chuyn trong in trng.
2. Cng ca lc in trong s dch chuyn
in tch q t mt im M n N trong
mt in trng bt k khng ph thuc
vo dng ng di t M n N m ch ph
thuc vo v tr ca M v N.

3. Th nng ca in tch q trong in
trng ph thuc vo q nh th no ?

3. Th nng ca in tch q ti im M
trong in trng t l thun vi q
W
M
= A
M
= V
M
.q

V
4. Cho in tch th q di chuyn trong mt
in trng u dc theo hai on thng
MN v NP. Bit rng lc in sinh cng
dng v MN di hn NP. Hi kt qu
no sau y l ng, khi so snh cc cng
A
MN
v A
NP
ca lc in ?
A. A
MN
> A
NP

B. A
MN
< A
NP

C. A
MN
= A
NP

D. C ba trng hp A,B,C u c th xy
ra.


4. Chn D.

5. Mt lectron di chuyn c on
ng 1 cm, dc theo mt ng sc
in, di tc dng ca lc in trong mt
5. Ta c: A = qEd vi q = -1,6.10
-19
C v
d = -1 cm ( v elcton mang in m nn
di chuyn ngc chiu in trng ) A
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 14 -
in trng u c cng in trng
1000 V/m. Hi cng ca lc in c gi
tr no sau y ?
A. 1,6.10
-16
J
B. + 1,6.10
-16
J.
C. 1,6.10
-18
J.
D. + 1,6.10
-18
J.

= 1,6.10
-18
J.
6. Cho mt in tch di chuyn trong in
trng dc theo mt ng cong kn, xut
pht t im M ri tr li im M. Cng
ca lc in bng bao nhiu ?

6. A = 0 v A = A
MN
+ A
NM
m A
MN
= -
A
NM


7. Mt electron c th khng vn tc
u st bn m, trong in trng u
gia hai bn kim loi phng, tch in tri
du. Cng in trng gia hai bn l
1000 V/m. Khong cch gia hai bn l 1
cm. Tnh ng nng ca lectron khi n
n p vo bn dng.

7. p dng nh l ng nng ta c: mv
2

mv
0
2
= A
nl

Vi v
0
= 0; A
nl
= qEd = (-1,6.10
-19

).1000.( -0,01) = 1,6.10
-18
J.
Vy ng nng ca electron khi n n
p vo bn dng l 1,6.10
-18
J.

8. Mt in tch dng Q t ti im O.
t mt in tch m q ti im M. Chng
minh rng th nng ca q M c gi tr
m.

8. in tch q b in tch Q ht.
Th nng ca q ti M c ga tr bng cng
ca lc in tc dng ln q trong s dch
chuyn ca q t M ra v cc.
Gi s q di chuyn dc theo ng thng
OM, t M ra v cc. Trong s di chuyn
ny lc in lun lun cng phng,
ngc chiu vi dch chuyn do lc
in sinh cng m: A
M
< 0. Do : W
M
<
0.
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 15 -

BI 5. IN TH. HIU IN TH
C1. Chng minh rng, in th ti mi
im trong in trng ca mt in tch
im m ( Q < 0 ) u c gi tr m.

C1. t ti im M m ta xt mt in
tch th q dng. Di chuyn q t im
ra v cc dc theo ng thng qua Q.
Trong s dch chuyn ny, lc ht gia Q
v q sinh cng m: A
M
< 0. in th ti
M l V
M
=
q
A
M


CU HI V BI TP
1. in th ti mt im trong in trng
l g ? N c xc nh nh th no ?

1. in th ti mt im trong in trng
l i lng c trng cho in trng v
phng din to ra th nng ca in tch
q.
N c xc nh bng thng s ca
cng ca lc in tc dng ln q khi q di
chuyn t M ra v cc v ln ca q
V
M
=
q
A
M


2. Hiu in th gia hai im trong in
trng l g ?
2. Hiu in th gia hai im M v N
trong in trng c trng cho kh nng
sinh cng ca in trng trong s di
chuyn ca mt in tch t M n N.
N c xc nh bng thng s ca
cng ca lc in tc dng ln in tch q
trong s dch chuyn t M n N v
ln ca q.

3. Vit h thc lin h hiu in th ga
hai im vi cng do lc in sinh ra khi

3. U
MN
=
q
A
MN

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 16 -
c mt in tch q di chuyn gia hai im
.


4. Vit h thc gia hiu in th v
cng in trng, ni r iu kin p
dng h thc .

4. E =
d
U
d
U
MN
=
U l hiu in th gia hai im M v N
d l di hnh chiu ca ng dch
chuyn trn phng ca ng sc.
d c ga tr dng khi chiu dch chuyn
cng chiu vi chiu dng ca ng
sc, m nu ngc chiu ng sc.
H thc trn c xy dng da vo vic
tnh hiu in th gia hai im nm trn
cng mt ng sc ca in trng u.
Tuy nhin h thc ny vn dng cho in
trng khng iu trong trng hp cho
in tch q di chuyn mt on ng d
rt ngn dc theo ng sc, dc theo
E coi nh khng i.

V
5. Bit hiu in th U
MN
= 3V. Hi ng
thc no di y chc chn ng ?
A. V
M
= 3V
B. V
N
= 3V.
C. V
M
V
N
= 3V.
D. V
N
V
M
= 3V.


5. Chn C.

6. Khi mt in tch q = -2C di chuyn t
im M n im N trong in trng th
lc in sinh cng 6J. Hi hiu in th
U
MN
c ga tr no sau y ?

6. Ta c: U
MN
=
q
A
MN
=
2
6

= 3 V.
Chn C.

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 17 -
A. + 12V
B. 12V.
C. + 3V.
D. 3V.


7. Chn cu ng.
Th mt lectron khng vn tc ban u
trong mt in trng bt k. lectron
s
A. chuyn ng dc theo mt ng
sc in.
B. chuyn ng t im c in th
cao xung im c hiu in th
thp.
C. chuyn ng t im c in th
thp ln im c in th cao.
D. ng yn.

7. v electron mang in m nn c chu
tc dng ca lc F ngc chiu in
trng, ngha l chuyn ng t ni c
in th thp sang ni c in th cao.

8. C hai bn kim loi phng t song
song vi nhau v cch nhau 1cm. Hiu
in th gia bn dng v bn m l
120V. Hi in th ti im ti im M
nm trong khong gia hai bn, cch bn
m 0,6 cm s l bao nhiu ? Mc in th
bn m.

8. Ta c: U
0
= E.d
0
v U = E.d
T s:
d
d
U
U
0 0
= U =
0
0
U
d
d
=
120
1
6 , 0
=72V
Vy V
M
= 72V 9 v V
bn m
= 0.

9. Tnh cng m lc in tc dng ln mt
lectron sinh ra khi n chuyn ng t
im M n im N. Bit hiu in th
U
MN
= 50 V.

9. Ta c: A
MN
= q.U
MN
= ( - 1,6.10
-19
).50
= - 8.10
-18
J
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 18 -
BI 6. T IN
C1. Sau khi tch in cho t in, nu ni
hai bn bng mt dy dn th s xy ra
hin tng g ?

C1. Sau khi tch in cho t in, nu ni
hai bn ca t in vi nhau bng mt dy
dn th s xy ra hin tng phng in t
bn ny sang bn kia qua dy dn, in
tch trn cc t s gim dn i. l v
in trng do cc in tch ca t in
to ra trong dy dn s lm cho cc
electron t do trong dy dn chy theo
chiu t bn m sang bn dng, lm cho
lectron ca bn m gim dn v in tch
dng b trung ho dn cho n khi ht
hn.

CU HI V BI TP:
1. T in l g ? T in phng c cu to
nh th no ?

1.
- T in l h hai vt dn t gn nhau v
ngn cch nhau bng mt lp cch in.
- T in phng c cu to gm hai bn
kim loi phng t song song vi nhau v
ngn cch nhau bng mt lp in mi.

2. Lm th no tch in cho t in ?
Ngi ta gi in tch ca t in l in
tch ca bn no ?

2. - Mun tch in cho t, ngi ta ni
hai bn ca t in vi hai cc ca ngun
in. Bn ni vi cc dng s tch in
dng, bn ni vi cc m s tch in
m.
- Ngi ta gi in tch ca bn dng l
in tch ca t in.

3. in dung ca t in l g ? 3. in dung ca t in l i lng c
trng cho kh nng tch in ca t in
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 19 -
mt hiu in th nht nh. N c xc
nh bng thng s ca in tch ca t
in v hiu in th gia hai bn .

4. Nng lng ca mt t in tch in l
dng nng lng g ?
4. Khi t in tch in th in trng
trong t in s d tr mt nng lng
nng lng gi l nng lng ca in
trng.

V
5. Gi Q, C v U l in tch, in dung
v hiu in th gia hai bn ca mt t
in. Pht biu no di y l ng ?
A. C t l thun vi Q
B. C t l nghch vi U
C. C ph thuc vo Q v U
D. C khng ph thuc vo Q v U.


5. Chn D

6. Trong trng hp no di y ta
khng c mt t in
Gia hai bn kim l mt lp
A. mica
B. nha plitilen.
C. giy tm dung dch mui n.
D. giy tm parafin

6. Chn C. v mui n dn in.

7. Trn v mt t in c ghi 20 F
200V. Ni hai bn ca t in vi mt
hiu in th 120V
a. Tnh in tch ca t in.
b. Tnh in tch ti a m t in tch
7. a. in tch ca t in: Q = CU =
20.10
-6
.120 = 24.10
-4
C
b. in tch i a m t in tch c
Q
max
= C.U
max
= 20.10
-6
.200 = 4.10
-3
C.

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 20 -
c.
8.* Tch in cho t in c in dung 20
F di hiu in th 60V. Sau ct t
in ra khi ngun
a. Tnh in tch q ca t.
b. Tnh cng m in trng trong t in
sinh ra khi phng in tch q A = 0,001q
t bn dng sang bn m.
c. Xt lc in tch ca t in ch cn
bng q/2. Tnh cng m in trng trong
t in sinh ra khi phng in tch q A nh
trn t bn dng sang bn m lc .

8.
a. in tch q ca t
q = CU = 20.10
-6
.60 = 12.10
-4

C.
b. V lng in tch q A rt nh, nn in
tch v do hiu in th gia hai bn t
coi nh khng thay i. Cng ca lc in
s l A = q A U = 72.10
-6
J
c.
- in tch ca t gim i mt na th hiu
in th gia hai bn cng gim i mt
na: U

=
2
U
= 30V. - Cng m lc in
trng sinh ra trong trng hp ny: A

=
q A U

= 0,001.12.10
-4
.30 = 36.10
-6
J

CHNG II. DNG IN KHNG I
BI 7. DNG IN KHNG I. NGUN IN
C1. Nu mt v d v mch in trong
c dng in khng i chy qua.
C1. l mch in kn ni lin hai cc
ca cc loi pin, acquy..

C2. o cng dng in bng dng c
g ? Mc dng c nh th no vo
mch ?
C2. o cng dng in bng ampe
k. Mc ampe k ni tip vo mch in
ti ch cn o cng dng in chy
qua , sao cho dng in c chiu i ti
cht dng (+)v i ra cht m ( - ) ca
ampe k.

C3. Trong thi gian 2s c mt in lng
1,50C dch chuyn qua tit din thng ca
C3. Cng dng in chy qua n:
I = = =
A
A
2
50 , 1
t
q
0,75 A.
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 21 -
dy tc mt bng n. Tnh cng
dng in chy qua.


C4. Dng in chy qua mt dy dn
bng kim loi c cng l 1A. Tnh s
lectron dch chuyn qua tit din thng
ca dy dn ny trong khong thi gian
1s.


C4. S electron : N = = =
e
It
e
q
6,25.10
18


C5. Cc vt cho dng in chy qua c
gi l cc vt g ? Cc ht mang in trong
cc vt loi ny c c im g ?
C5. Cc vt cho dng in chy qua l cc
vt dn. Cc ht mang in trn cc vt
loi ny c th dch chuyn t do.

C6. Gia hai u mt on mch hoc
gia hai u bng n phi c iu kin g
c dng in chay qua chng ?

C6. Gia chng phi c mt hiu in th.

C7. Hy k tn mt s cc ngun in
thng dng.
C7. Pin, acquy, inam xe p

C8. B phn no
ca mch in hnh
7.2 to ra dng in
chy trong mch
ny khi ng cng tc K.
C8. Ngun in .

C9. Nu mc mch theo s
hnh 7.3 th s ch ca
vn k v s vn ghi trn
ngun in c mi lin h
g ? iu cho bit c g tn ti gia hai
cc ca ngun in ?

C9. S ch ca vn k bng s vn ghi
trn ngun in ( nu ngun l pin th phi
cn mi cho c th xem nh in tr
trong nh khng ng k ). iu cho
bit c mt hiu in th tn ti gia hai
cc ca ngun in.

C10. Hy lm th nghim vi pin in ho C10. HS t lm nh theo s .
x
+
-
K
H.7.2
v
+
- +
-
H 7.3
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 22 -
t to: cm hai mnh kim loi khc loi (
chng hn mt mnh ng v mt mnh
tn ) vo mt na qu qut hay na qu
chanh c bp nhn c qu trc
v o hiu in th gia hai mnh kim loi
ny ( Hnh 7.5 )






CU HI V BI TP
1. Khi c dng in chy qua vt dn th
cc ht mang in tham gia vo chuyn
ng c hng tc dng ca lc no ?

1.
- Nu vt dn thuc on mch ni gia
hia cc ca ngun in th cc ht mang
in tham gia vo chuyn ng c hng
di tc dng ca lc in trng tnh.
- Nu vt dn chnh l ngun in th
cc ht mang in tham gia vo chuyn
ng c hng di tc dng ca lc l c
bn cht khng phi l lc tnh in.

2. Bng cch no bit c dng in
chy qua mt vt dn ?

2. Bng cch quan st cc tc dng ca
dng in nh tc dng c, tc dng nhit,
tc dng pht sng, tc dng ho hc,

3. Cng dng in c xc nh
bng cng thc no ?

3. Ta c: I =
t
q
A
A
hoc I =
t
q


4. Bng cch no m cc ngun in duy
tr s tch in khc nhau hai cc ca
ngun in v do duy tr hiu in th
gia hai cc ca n ?

4. Cc ngun in duy tr s tch in
khc nhau hai cc ca ngun in v do
duy tr hiu in th gia hai cc ca
n l v bn trong cc ngun in c tc
dng ca lc l lm tch cc lectron khi
nguyn t v chuyn cc lectron hay cc
ion dng ra khi mi cc. Khi mt
cc tha lectron l cc m, cc kia thiu
+
-
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 23 -
lectron hoc tha t lectron hn l cc
dng. Tc dng ny ca lc l tip tc
c thc hin c khi c dng in chy
qua mch in kn gm ngun in v cc
vt dn ni lin vi hai cc ca n.

5. i lng no c trng cho kh nng
thc hin cng ca lc l bn trong ngun
in ? i lng ny c xc nh nh
th no ?

5. Sut in ng l i lng c trng
cho kh nng thc hin cng ca ngun
in v c xc nh bng thng s
gia cng A ca lc l thc hin khi di
chuyn khi di chuyn mt in tch dng
q ngc chiu in trng v ln ca
in tch .
E =
q
A


V
6. Cng dng in c o bng
dng c no sau y ?
A. Lc k.
B. Cng t in.
C. Nhit .
D. Ampe k.


6. Ampe k. Chn D.

7. o cng dng in bng n v
no sau y ?
A. Niutn (N)
B. Ampe ( A )
C. Jun (J )
D. Ot ( W )
7. Chn B.

8. Chn cu ng. 8. Chn B.
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 24 -
Pin in ho c
A. hai cc l hai vt dn cng cht.
B. hai cc l hai vt dn khc cht.
C. mt cc l vt dn v cc kia l vt
cch in.
D. hai cc u l cc vt cch in.


9. Hai cc ca pin in ho c ngm
trong cht in phn l dung dch no sau
y ?
A. Dung dch mui.
B. Dung dch axit.
C. Dung dch baz.
D. Mt trong cc dung dch k trn.

9. Chn D.

10. Trong cc pin in ho c sc dch
chuyn ho t nng lng no sau y
thnh in nng ?
A. Nhit nng.
B. Th nng n hi.
C. Ho nng.
D. C nng.

10. Chn C.

11. Sut in ng c o bng n n
no sau y ?
A. Culng (C)
B. Vn ( V )
C. Hc ( z )
D. Ampe ( A )

11. Chn B.

12. Ti sao c th ni acquy l mt pin 12. Acquy l mt pin in ho bi v sau
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 25 -
in ho ? Acquy hot ng nh th no
c th s dng c nhiu ln ?

khi np, th acquy c cu to nh mt pin
in ho, tc l gm hai cc c bn cht
ho hc khc nhau c nhng trong cht
in phn.
Khi acquy pht in, do tc dng ca cc
bn cc vi dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
, mt
ngoi ca cc bn cc xut hin mt lp
ch sunfat ( PbSO
4
) mng v xp. V th
sut in ng ca acquy gim dn v
acquy cn phi c np li. Khi np in
cho acquy, cc lp ch sunfat tc dng vi
dung dch in phn v cc cc tr li
tng ng l PbO
2
v Pb nh trc. By
gi acquy li c th pht in nh mt pin
in ho.
Nh vy, acquy l ngun in hot ng
da trn phn ng ho hc thun nghch,
n tch tr nng lng khi c np in
v gii phng nng lng khi pht in.

13. Mt in lng 6,0 mC dch chuyn
qua tit din thng ca dy dn trong
khong thi gian 2,0s. Tnh cng
dng in chy qua dy dn ny.


13. Ta c: I =
t
q
A
A
= =

2
10 . 6
3
3.10
-3
A.

14. Trong khong thi gian ng cng tc
chy mt t lnh th cng dng
in trung bnh o c l 6A. Khong
thi gian ng cng tc l 0,50 s. Tnh
in lng dch chuyn qua tit din thng
ca dy dn ni vi ng c ca t lnh.
14. t I q A = A = 6.0,50 = 3 C.

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 26 -

15. Sut in ng ca mt pin l 1,5 V.
Tnh cng ca lc l khi dch chuyn in
tch + 2C t cc m ti cc dng bn
trong ngun in.


15. Cng ca lc l: A = E .q = 1,5.2 = 3
J.

BI 8. IN NNG. CNG SUT IN
C1. Hy cho bit n v ca cc i lng
c mt trong cng thc 8.1
A = U.q = UIt
C1.
- Hiu in th U c n v l V.
- Cng dng in I c n v l ampe
( A )
- in tch q c n v l Cung. ( C )
- Thi gian t c n v l giy (s )
- Cng A c n v l jun ( J ).

C2. Hy nu cc tc dng m dng in
c th sinh ra.
C2.
Cc tc dung m dng in c th sinh ra
l: tc dng t, tc dng c , tc dng ho
hc,

C3. Dng c dng o in nng tiu
th ? Mi s o ca dng c c gi tr
l bao nhiu jun ( J ).

C3. Cng t in l dng c o cng
ca dng in hay in nng tiu th. Mi
s o ca dng c ny l 1 kWh =
3600000 J.

C4. Hy cho bit n v ca cc i lng
c mt trong cng thc ( 8.2 )P = UI
t
A
=
C4. n v ca cc i lng
- Hiu in th c n v l vn ( V )
- Cng dng in I c n v ampe (
A )
- Thi gian c n v giy ( s)
- Cng A c n v jun ( J )
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 27 -
- Cng sut c n v l ot ( W )

C5. Hy chng t rng, cng sut to
nhit vt dn khi c dng in chy qua
c tnh bng cng thc: P =
t
Q
= RI
2

= U
2
/R v hy cho bit n v ca cc i
lng c mt trong cng thc trn.
C5. Nu on mch ch c in tr th
in nng tiu th c bin i hon
ton thnh nhit nng
Q = A = UIt
nh lut m cho on mch thun in
tr: I =
R
U

Q = UIt = I
2
R.t = t
R
U
2

Vy P =
t
Q
= RI
2
= U
2
/R

CU HI V BI TP
1. in nng m mt on mch thc hin
c o bng cng do lc no thc hin ?
Vit cng thc tnh in nng tiu th v
cng sut in ca mt on mch khi c
dng in chy qua.


1. in nng m mt on mch thc hin
do cng ca lc in trng thc hin.
- Cng thc tnh in nng tiu th l: A =
UIt
- Cng sut in ca mt on mch khi
c dng in chy qua: P =
t
Q
= RI
2
=
U
2
/R

2. Hy nu tn mt dng c hay mt thit
b in cho mi trng hp di y :
a) Khi hot ng, bin i in nng
thnh nhit nng v nng lng nh sng.
b) Khi hot ng, bin i ton in
nng thnh nhit nng.
c) Khi hot ng bin i ton b in
nng thnh c nng v nhit nng.
2. Tn dng c hay thit b
a) Bin i in nng thnh nhit nng v
nng lng nh sng nh: bng n dy
tc nng sng, n non, n LED, my
sy tc, l si in,
b) Bin i ton b in nng thnh nhit
nng: bp in, bn l, m in, que xon
un nc,
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 28 -
d) Khi hot ng, bin i in nng
thnh nng lng ho hc v nhit nng.

c) Bin i in nng thnh c nng v
nhit nng l: qut in, ng c in,
nam chm in,
d) Bin i in nng thnh nng lng
ha hc v nhit nng: bnh in phn,
bnh m in, acquy ang np in,

3. Cng sut to nhit ca on mch l g
v c tnh bng cng thc no ?

3. Cng sut to nhit ca on mch l
tc to nhit ca on mch khi c
dng in chy qua v c xc nh
bng nhit lng to ra on mch
trong thi gian 1 giy.
Cng thc tnh cng sut to nhit l:
P
nh
= RI
2
=
R
U
2


4. Cng ca ngun in c mi lin h g
vi in nng tiu th trong mch kn ?
Vit cng thc tnh cng v cng sut ca
ngun in.

4. Cng ca ngun in bng cng ca
dng in chy trong mch kn
- Cng thc tnh cng ca ngun in: A
ng

= E .It
- Cng thc tnh cng sut ca ngun in
:
P
ng
= E.I

V
5. Chn cu ng.
in nng tiu th c o bng
A. Vn k.
B. Cng t in
C. Ampe k
D. Tnh in k.

5. Chn B.

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 29 -
6. Cng sut in c o bng n v
no sau y ?
A. Jun ( J )
B. Ot (W)
C. Niutn ( N ).
D. Culng ( C ).
6. Chn B.

7. Tnh in nng tiu th v cng sut
in khi dng in c cng 1A chy
qua dy dn trong 1 gi, bit hiu in th
gia hai u dy dn ny l 6V.

7. in nng tiu th ton mch: A = U.It
= 6.1.3600 = 21600 J
Cng sut in ca on mch: P =
= =
3600
21600
t
A
6W.

8. Trn nhn ca mt m in c ghi
220V 1000W
a) Cho bit ngha ca cc s ghi trn
y.
b) S dng m in vi hiu in th
220V un si 2 lt nc t nhit
25
0
C. Tnh thi gian un nc, bit hiu
sut ca m l 90% v nhit dung ring
ca nc l 4190 J/( kg.K )

8.
a) S vn ( 220 ) c ngha l gi tr hiu
in th ln nht c php t vo hai
u dy ca dng c l hay cn gi l gi
tr hiu in th nh mc.
S ot ( 1000 W )l cng sut nh mc
ca dng c, ngha l cng sut tiu th
in nng ca dng c khi n c s
dng ng hiu in th nh mc.
b) Nhit lng cn cung cp un si
lng nc cho l: Q = mc ( t
2
t
1
)
Lng in nng tiu th l: A = Q.
90
100
=
P t
Thi gian un nc l: t =
P 9
10Q
=
P 9
) ( 10
1 2
t t mc
= 698s = 11 pht 38 giy.

9. Mt ngun in c sut in ng 12V. 9. Cng ca ngun in:
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 30 -
Khi mc ngun in ny vi mt bng
n thnh mch in kn th n cung
cp mt dng in c cng l 0,8A.
Tnh cng ca ngun in ny sn ra trong
thi gian 15 pht v tnh cng sut ca
ngun in khi .

A
ng
= E.It = 12.0,8.15.60 = 8640 J.
Cng sut ca ngun in: P = E .I =
12.0,8 = 9,6 W.

BI 9. NH LUT M I VI TON MCH
C1. Trong th nghim trn mch in
phi nh th no cng dng in I
= 0 v tng ng U = U
0
.
Ti sao khi U
0
c gi tr ln nht v
bng sut in ng E ca ngun in : U
0

= E .

C1. cng dng in I = 0 v tng
ng U = U
0
th mch ngoi h, tc l in
tr mch ngoi R
n
= .
Khi U
0
c ga tr ln nht U
max
= U
0
=
E v gim in th mch trong ( Ir )
bng khng.

C2. T h thc ( 9.4 ) U
N
= IR
N
= E - Ir ,
hy cho bit trong nhng trng hp no
th hiu in th U
AB
gia hai cc ca
ngun in bng sut in ng E ca n
?

C2. Trong trng hp
- Khi mch ngoi h I = 0 nu in tr
trong ca ngun in khc khng ( r 0)
- Trong mi trng hp nu in tr trong
ca ngun in bng khng ( r = 0 ).

C3. Mt pin c s vn ghi trn v l 1,5 V
v c in tr trong l 1,0 . Mc mt
bng n c in tr R = 4 vo hai cc
ca pin ny thnh mch in kn. Tnh
cng dng in chy qua n khi
v hiu in th gia hai u ca n.

C3. S vn ghi trn v ca pin l sut in
ng ca pin.
nh lut m i vi ton mch: I =
r R +
E
= 0.3A.
Hiu in th gia hai u ca n: U
n
= IR
= 0,3.4 = 1,2 V.

C4. Hy cho bit v sao s rt nguy him
nu hin tng on mch xy ra i vi
C4. i vi mng in gia nh, hiu in
th c s dng l 220V in th ny
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 31 -
mng in gia nh. Bin php no c
s dng trnh khng xy ra hin tng
ny ?

tng ng nh sut in ng ca
ngun in. Ngun in ny c sut in
ng v in tr trong kh nh, khong
vi m. V vy nu hin tng on mch
xy ra th dng in c cng ti hng
trm ampe lm nng dy c th gy chy
n rt nguy him.
trnh xy ra hin tng on mch,
ngi ta s dng cu ch attmt c tc
dng ngt mch t ng khi cng
dng in tng ln ti mt gi tr xc nh
no cha ti mc nguy him.

C5. T cng thc ( 9.9)H =
E E
N Coich
U It
A
A
= =
It
U
N
, hy chng t rng,
trong trng hp mch ngoi ch gm
in tr R
N
th hiu sut ca ngun in
c in trong r c tnh bng cng thc:
H =
r +
N
N
R
R


C5. Ta c: H =
r R
R
r R I
I U
N
N
N
N
+
=
+
=
) (
R
N
E


CU HI V BI TP
1. nh lut m i vi ton mch c th
cp ti loi mch in kn no ? Pht
biu nh lut v vit h thc biu th nh
lut .


1.
- nh lut m i vi ton mch c th
cp n loi mch kn c: ngun in
c sut in ng E, in tr trong r, v
R
N
l in tr tng ng ca mch
ngoi bao gm cc vt dn ni lin hai
cc ca ngun in.
- Ni dung: Cng dng in chy
trong mch in kn t l thun vi sut
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 32 -
in ng ca ngun in v t l nghch
vi in tr ton phn ca mch .
r
I
N
+ R
=
E


2. gim in th trn mt on mch l
g ? Pht biu mi quan h gia sut in
ng ca ngun in v cc gim in
th ca cc on mch trong mch in
kn.

2. gim in th trn mt on mch l
tch ca cng dng in chy qua
on mch v in tr ca on mch .
- i vi mch in kn n gin: Sut
in ng ca ngun in c ga tr bng
tng gim in th mch ngoi v
mch trong.
3. Hin tng on mch xy ra khi no
v c th gy ra tc hi g ? C cch no
trnh c hin tng ny ?

3. Hin tng on mch xy ra khi ni
hai cc ca ngun in bng dy dn c
in tr nh (in tr mch ngoi R
N
= 0 )
- Khi hin tng ny xy ra, dng in
chy trong mch kn c cng ln lm
hng ngun in, dy dn nng mnh c
th gy chy
- trnh hin tng ny xy ra, ta phi
dng cu ch ng nh mc hoc s dng
cng tc hay cu dao t ng ngt mch
khi cng dng in tng ti mt gi
tr xc nh cha ti mc nguy him (
aptmat )
V
4. Trong mch in kn, hiu in th
mch ngoi U
N
ph thuc nh th no vo
in tr R
N
ca mch ngoi ?
A. U
N
tng khi R
N
tng.
B. U
N
tng khi R
N
gim.

4. V U
N
= IR
N
. Chn A.

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 33 -
C. U
N
khng ph thuc vo R
N
.
D. U
N
lc u gim, sau tng dn khi
R
N
tng dn t 0 ti v cng.
5. Mc mt in tr 14 vo hai cc ca
mt ngun in c in tr trong l 1 th
hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun l
8,4V.
a) Tnh cng dng in chy trong
mch v sut in ng ca ngun in.
b) Tnh cng sut mch ngoi v cng
sut ca ngun in khi .

5. a) Cng dng in chy trong
mch:
I = =
14
4 , 8
=
R
N
U
0,6A.
Sut in ng ca ngun in:
E = I( R + r ) = 0,6( 14+1) = 9V.
b) Cng sut mch ngoi:
P = UI = 8,4.0,6 = 5,04W.
Cng sut ca ngun in:
P
ng
= E I = 9.0,6 = 5,4W

6. in tr trong ca mt acquy l 0,06
v trn v ca n ghi 12V. Mc vo hai
cc ca acquy ny mt bng n c ghi
12V - 5W.
a) Hy chng t rng bng n khi gn
nh sng bnh thng v tnh cng sut
tiu th in thc t ca bng n khi .
b) Tnh hiu sut ca ngun in trong
trng hp ny.

6. in tr v dng in nh mc ca
bng n l:
R

=
d
d
U

P
2
= 28,8 v I


= =
12
5
=
d
U
d
P
0,4167A
Cng dng in chy qua n:
I= =
06 , 0 + 8 , 28
12
=
+ r R
E
0,4158A
nhn xt:I

I nn n gn nh sn bnh
thng.
b) Hiu sut ca ngun trong trng hp
ny:
H =
E
N
U
vi U
N
= E Ir = 12-
0,4158.0,06 = 11,97V
H = 99,79%.
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 34 -

7. Ngun in c sut in ng l 3V v
c in tr trong l 2. Mc song song
hai bng n nh nhau c cng in tr l
6 vo hai cc ca ngun ny.
a) Tnh cng sut tiu th ca mi bng
n.
b) Nu tho b mt bng n th bng cn
li sng mnh hn hay yu hn so vi
trc.

7.
a) in tr mch ngoi l: R
n
=
= =
2 2
2
d
d
d
R
R
R
3
Cng dng in chy trong mch l:
I = =
2 + 3
3
=
+ r R
n
E
0,6 A.
V in tr mi bng n ging nhau nn
cng dng in chy qua mi bng
l: I
d1
= I/2 = 0,3A.
Cng sut tiu th ca mi bng n l: P

= I
d1
2
.R

= 0,3
2
.6 = 0,54 W.
b) Khi tho mt bng n th in tr
mch ngoi l: R
n
= 6
cng dng in chy qua n l: I
d
= I
= =
+ 2 6
3
0,375 A > I
d1
nn bng n ny
sng mnh hn trc.

BI 10. GHP CC NGUN IN THNH B
C1. Hy vit h thc lin
h gia sut in ng E
vi cng dng in I
v cc in tr r, R, R
1
ca mch in kn.




C1. Ta c: I =
1
+ + R R r
E


C2. Hy vit
h thc lin
h gia hiu
in th U
AB
, cng dng in I v
C2. Ta c: U
AB
= IR
1


X
X
X
X
+ - R
R
1

I
A
B
R
I
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 35 -
in tr R
1
i vi on mch hnh 10.2b

C3. Hy vit h thc tnh U
AB
i vi
on mch Hnh
10.2a v tnh hiu
in th ny khi cho
bit E = 6V; I = 0,5A; r = 0,3 v R =
5,7.



C3. Ta c: U
BA
= - E + I( R + r) = -6 + 0,5
( 0,3 + 5,7 ) = -3V.

CU HI V BI TP
1. Dng in chy qua on mch cha
ngun in c chiu nh th no ?


1. Dng in chy qua on mch cha
ngun in c chiu i ti cc m v i ra
t cc dng ca ngun in.

2. Trnh by cc mi quan h vi on
mch cha ngun in.

2. Hiu in th U
AB
gia hai u on
mch cha ngun in, trong u A
ni vi cc dng ca ngun in, bng
hiu gia sut in ng ca ngun v
gim in th tng cng trn on mch:
U
AB
= E I( R + r )I =
r R
U
+
- E


3. Trnh by cch ghp cc ngun in
thnh b ngun ni tip v thnh b
ngun song song. Trong tng trng hp,
hy vit cng thc tnh sut in ng ca
b ngun v in tr trong ca n.

3.
a) Cch ghp cc ngun in thnh b
ngun mc ni tip:
Cc m ca ngun trc c ni bng
dy dn ( hoc tip xc trc tip ) vi cc
dng ca ngun in tip sau thnh
mt dy lin tip.
- Sut in ng v in tr trong ca b
R A
+ -
B
E , r
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 36 -
ngun ni tip.
E
b
= E
1
+ E
2
+ E
3
+ + E
n
v r
b
= r
1
+ r
2

++ r
n


V
4. Mt acquy c sut in ng v in
tr trong l E = 6V v r = 0,6. S dng
acquy ny thp sng bng n c ghi
6V - 3W. Tnh cng dng in chy
trong mch v hiu in th gia hai cc
ca acquy khi .


4. in tr ca bng n l: R

=
=
2
d
d
U
P
12
p dng nh lut m cho ton mch:
I =
6 , 0 + 12
6
=
+ r R
d
E
0,476 A.
Hiu in th gia hai cc ca acquy khi
:
U = E - I.r ~ 5,714V.

5. Hai ngun in c sut in ng v
in tr ln lt l E
1
= 4,5V; r
1
= 3; E
2

= 3V; r
2
= 2.
Mc hai ngun in
thnh mch in
kn nh s hnh
10.6. Tnh cng
dng in chy trong mch v hiu
in th U
AB
.

5. Dng in chy trong mch c chiu i
ra t cc dng ca mi ngun.
p dng nh lut m cho ton mch:
I =
2 1
2
1
+
+
r r

E E
= 1,5A.
Hiu in th U
AB
trong trng hp ny
l:
U
AB
= E
1
Ir
1
= - E
2
+ Ir
2
= 0


6. Trong mch in c s nh hnh
10.7, hai pin c cng sut
in ng E = 1,5V v
in tr trong 1. Hai
bng n ging nhau
cng c ghi trn n l 3V 0,75W. Cho
6.
a) Ta c: I

= =
3
75 , 0
=
U
P
0,25A.
R

=
d
d
U
P
2
= =
75 , 0
3
2
12
Cng dng in qua mch chnh:
A
1 1
, r
2 2
, r
B
+
-
+
-
X
X
+
-
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 37 -
rng in tr ca cc n khng thay i
theo nhit .
a) Cc n c sng bnh thng khng ?
V sao ?
b) Tnh hiu sut ca b ngun.
c) Tnh hiu in th gia hai cc ca mi
pin.
d) Nu tho bt mt n th n cn li
sng mnh hn hay yu hn so vi trc
? Ti sao ?

I = =
2 + 6
5 , 1 . 2
=
+
2
=
+
b N b N
b
r R r R
E E
0,375A.
V I

< I nn n sng yu hn bnh
thng.
b) Hiu sut ca b ngun.
H =
b N
N
b
N
R R
R U
+
=
E
= 75%.
c) Hiu in th gia hai cc ca mi pin
l:
U
1
= U
2
= E I
1
r = 1,125 V.
d) Nu tho bt mt bng n th in tr
mch ngoi l: R = R

= 12.
Dng in chy qua n l:
I
2
=
14
3
=
+ R
b d
r
E
0,214A.

CHNG III. DNG IN TRONG CC MI TRNG
BI 13. DNG IN TRONG KIM LOI
C1. V sao ngi ta chn dy bch kim
lm nhit k in tr trong cng nghip ?
C1. Ch yu v bch kim c in tr sut
tng i ln, c nhit nng chy cao
v khng b xi ho nhit cao.
C2. V sao dng in chy trong cun dy
siu dn khng c ngun in li c th
duy tr lu di ? C th dng dng in y
lm cho ng c chy mi c khng ?
C2. V cun dy siu dn c in tr
bng khng, nng lng khng b tiu
hao.
Khng th dng dng in y lm cho
ng c chy mi v nng lng in b
mt i do bin thnh cng ca ng c.
CU HI V BI TP
1. Hi ti in trong kim loi l loi
lectron no ? Mt ca chng vo c
no ?
1. L cc lectron ho tr, mt lin kt
vi ion kim loi. Mt ca chng vo c
10
28
/m
3
.
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 38 -
2. V sao in tr ca kim loi tng khi
nhit tng ?
2. V khi T tng mt trt t ca mng
tinh th tng.
3. in tr ca kim loi thng v siu
dn khc nhau th no ?
3. nhit thp, in tr ca kim loi
thng rt nh nhng ln hn 0. nhit
thp, di nhit T
c
in tr ca cht
siu dn bng 0.
4. Do u m trong cp nhit in c sut
in ng ?
4. Do c s chnh lch nhit gia hai
u mi hn ca cp nhit in.

bi tp 5 v 6 di y, pht biu no l
chnh xc ?
5. Cc kim loi u
A. dn in tt, c in tr sut khng
thay i.
B. dn in tt, c in tr sut thay i
theo nhit .
C. dn in tt nh nhau, c in tr sut
thay i theo nhit .
D. dn in tt, c in tr sut thay i
theo nhit ging nhau.



5. Chn B.
6. Ht ti in trong kim loi l
A. cc lectron ca nguyn t.
B. lectron lp trong cng ca nguyn
t.
C. cc lectron ho tr bay t do ra khi
tinh th.
D. cc lectron ho tr chuyn ng t do
trong mng tinh th.
6. Chn D.

7. Mt bng n 220V - 100W khi sng
bnh thng th nhit ca dy tc n
l 2000
0
C. Xc nh in tr ca n khi
7. in tr ca n khi thp sng:
R
s
= 484
100
220
2 2
= =
P
U
.
in tr ca n khi khng thp sng:
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 39 -
thp sng v khi khng thp sng, bit
rng nhit mi trng l 20
0
C v dy
tc lm bng vonfam (W)
R = R
0
[1 +(t t
0
)] =
+
=
) ( 1
0
0
t t
R
R
o


8. Khi lng mol nguyn t ca ng l
64.10
-3
kg/mol. Khi lng ring ca
ng l 8,9.10
3
kg/m
3
. Bit rng mi
nguyn t ng gp mt lectron dn.
a) Tnh mt lectron t do trong ng.
b) Mt dy ti in bng ng, tit din
10mm
2
, mang dng in 10A. Tnh tc
tri ca lectron dn trong dy dn .
8. Th tch ca 1mol ng l:
V = =

3
3
10 . 9 , 8
10 . 64
7,19.10
-6
m
3
/mol.
Mt lectron t do trong ng l:
n
0
= ~ =
6
23
10 . 191 , 7
10 . 023 , 6
V
N
A
8,38.10
28
m
-3
.
b) S electron t do i qua tit din tch S
ca dy dn trong 1 giy l: N = vSn
0

Cng dng in qua dy dn: I = eN
= evSn
0


5
28 6 19
0
10 . 46 , 7
10 . 38 , 8 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 6 , 1
10
Sn


~ = =
e
I
v
m/s

9. mc ng dy ti in t a im
A n a im B, ta cn 1000 kg dy
ng. Mun thay dy ng m vn m
bo cht lng truyn in, t nht phi
dng bao nhiu kilgam dy nhm ? Cho
bit khi lng ring ca ng l 8900
kg/m
3
, ca nhm l 2700 kg/m
3
.

iu kin: R khng i, suy ra:

Cu
Al
Cu
Cu
S
l
S
l . .
* *

=
Vi l = AB,
*
l in tr sut ca vt liu
dng lm dy dn.
Khi lng dy:
m
Cu
=
Cu
,S
Cu
l; m
Al
=
Al
S
Al
l ( l khi
lng ring ca vt liu lm dy dn).
m
Al
= 490 kg.

BI 14. DNG IN TRONG CHT IN PHN
C1. phn bit mi trng dn in c
phi l cht in phn hay khng, ta c th
lm cch no ?
C1. phn bit mi trng dn in c
phi l cht in phn hay khng ta c th
quan st xem khi dng in chy qua c
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 40 -
hin tng in phn hay khng.
C2. V sao cc nh lut Faray c th p
dng c vi cht c gii phng in
cc nh phn ng ph ?
C2. V lng cht do phn ng ph sinh
ra v lng cht ban u sinh ra in
cc t l vi nhau.
C3. C th tnh s nguyn t trong mt
mol kim loi t s Faray c khng ?
C3. c. S nguyn t trong mt mol
kim loi bng s Fa Ra y chia cho
in tch nguyn t:
N = =
19
10 . 602 , 1
96494
6,023.10
23
mol
-1
.
C4. Ti sao khi m in, mun lp m
u, ta phi quay vt cn m trong lc
in phn ?
C4. V vt cn m lm catt ni chung
khng phi l mt phng, nn khong cch
t cc im khc nhau ca vt ti ant
khng ging nhau. in lng chy n
cc n v din tch b mt vt cn m
khng ging nhau dn n lp m khng
u. Quay vt m l mt cch lm cho
in lng n mi n v din tch sau
mt thi gian di tr nn khng ng
u, do chiu dy lp m s khng
u.

BI 15. DNG IN TRONG CHT KH
C1. Nu khng kh dn in th:
a) Mng in trong gia nh c an ton
khng ?
b) t, xe my c chy c khng ?
c) Cc nh my in s ra sao ?
C1. Nu cht khi dn in th tt c h
thng in tit k nh hin nay u khng
th hot ng c, in t ngun cung
cp lun lun chay i khp ni. Ta khng
th ngt in v cng khng th ni in
vo cc thit b c. t, xa my khng
chy c v ngun in nh la
bugi b ni tt; nh my pht in b chp
mch v chy...

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 41 -
C2. V sao ngay t lc cha t n ga
hoc chiu n thu ngn, cht kh cng
dn in t nhiu ?
C2. V cht kh b cc tc nhn ion ho
nh tia v tr, tia t ngoi trong bc x
ca mt tri... chiu vo.

C3. Trong qu trnh dn in khng t lc
ca kh, khi no dng in t ga tr bo
ho ?
C3. Khi mi electron v ion do tc nhn
ion ho sinh ra u n c in ccj,
khng b ti hp vi nhau dc ng, v
khng c qu trnh nhn s ht ti in.
C4. Khi c qu trnh nhn s ht ti in
th cng in trng ti cc im
khc nhau gia hai bn cc c ging
nhau khng ? V sao ?
C4. Khng. V mt ht ti in cc
im khc nhau gia hai bn cc khng
ging nhau.
C5. V sao i trn ng gp ma ging,
sm st d di ta khng nn ng trn
nhng g t cao hoc tr di gc cy
m ta nn nm dn ngi xung t ?
C5. V st l tia la in thng hay nh
vo cc mi nhn.
CU HI V BI TP
1. M t th nghim pht hin, o dng
in qua cht kh v cch to ra ht ti
in trong cht kh.
1. Khi khng t n ga kim in k hu
nh ch s 0. Vy bnh thng cht kh
hu nh khng dn in, trong cht kh c
sn rt t ht ti in.
- t n ga, kim in k lch ng k
khi v tr s 0.
- Ko n ga ra xa, dng qut thi kh
nng i qua gia hai bn cc, kim in k
vn lch.
- Thay n ga bng n thu ngn (tia t
ngoi) v lm th nghim tng t nh
trc, ta cng thy kt qu tng t.
=> Ngn la ga v bc x ca n thu
ngn lm tng mt ht ti in trong
cht kh.

V G
E
R
K
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 42 -
( y phi dng n ga v n phi
nng th hin tng tng dng in mi
r).
C2. Trnh by hin tng nhn s ht ti
in trong qu trnh phng in qua cht
kh.
2. Nhng ht ti in u tin c trong
cht kh l cc lectron v ion dng do
tc nhn ion ho sinh ra. lectron kch
thc nh hn ion dng, nn i c
qung ng di hn ion dng trc khi
va chm vi mt phn t kh. Nng lng
m lectron nhn c t in trng
ngoi E

trong qung ng bay t do ln

hn nng lng m ion nhn c khong
5 6 ln. Khi in trng ln, ng
nng ca electron cng ln khi va
chm vi phn t trung ho th ion ho n,
bin n thnh lectron t do v ion dng.
Qu trnh din ra theo kiu thc l (tuyt
l) lm mt ht ti in tng cho n
khi lectron ti ant. Cht kh tr nn dn
in tt hn v dng in chy qua cht
kh tng. V mt electron ban u ch sinh
ra mt s hu hn ht ti in trn ng
i n in cc, nn tuy dng in c tng
nhng vn ph thuc vo s ht ti in
m tc nhn ion ho t bn ngoi sinh
ra trong cht kh
(Trong phn ny chgn ta khng ni qu
trnh ngc li l qu trnh ti hp gia
ion dng v lectron lm bin mt mt
cp lectron ion dng. Trong thc t
qu trnh ti hp lun tn ti lm cho s
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 43 -
ht ti khng tng nhanh theo cp s nhn
nh ta d on)

BI 16: DNG IN TRONG CHN KHNG
C1. Trn th c) Hnh 16.2 dng bo ho
vo khong bao nhiu ?








C1. 20 mA
C2. V sao khi p sut cn ln ta khng
thy qu trnh phng in qua kh, v khi
p sut nh li c qu trnh phng
in t lc ?
C2. V qung ng bay t do ca ion
dng nh, nng lng n nhn trong
qung ng ny khng khi n p
vo catt c th lm bt ra lectron.

C3. V sao khi rt kh c chn khng
tt hn th tia catt li bin mt ?
C3. V khi chn khng cao, lectron bay
t catt n ant khng va chm vi phn
t kh ion ho n thnh ion dng v
lectron. Khng c ion dng nn khng
th lm ca tt pht ra lectron, do
khng c qu trnh phng in t lc.
CU HI V BI TP
1. V sao chn khng khng dn in ?
Bng cch no ta to c dng in
trong chn khng ?
1. V chn khng khng c ht ti in.
Cho ht ti in vo trong , ht ti in
c th chuyn ng di tc dng ca
in trng to ra dng in.
2. it chn khng c cu to nh th no 2. it chn khng cu to bi mt bng
O
(V)
I
A
(mA)
20
10
5 10 15
-5
-10
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 44 -
v c tnh cht g ? thu tinh c ht chn khng, bn
trong c mt catt K (dy tc vonfam)
c t nng bng dng in v mt
ant l bn cc kim loi.
it chn khng c tnh chnh lu.
3. Tia catt l g ? C th to ra n bng
cch no ?
3. Tia catt l mt chm lectron chuyn
ng c hng trong chn khng.
CHNG IV. T TRNG
BI 19: T TRNG
C1. Vt liu no sau y khng th lm
nam chm ?
A. St non.
B. ng xit.
C. St xit
D. Mangan xit.
C1. Chn B.
C2. Mt thanh nam chm c gi thng
bng nm ngang
bng mt si dy
thng ng i qua
trng tm ca n
(hnh 19.2). Ngui
quan st cm mt thanh nam chm th hai
sao cho khng c chm vo thanh nam
chm M. Hi phi t thanh nam chm
th hai nh th no cho cc Bc ca
thanh nam chm M:
a) i ln ?
b) i xung ?
c) chuyn ng theo ng trn trong mt
phng nm ngang ?
C2. a) Thanh nam chm th hai t trong
mt phng thng ng (ng phng vi
thanh M):
- pha di thanh M, cc Bc gn N hay
gn cc S ca M
- hoc pha trn thanh M cc Nam gn
cc N hay gn cc S ca M.
b) Tng t a.
c) Thanh nam chm th hai nm trong
cng mt phng nm ngang cha thanh M,
c mt cc gn N hoc cc S ca M.
N S M
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 45 -
C3. Xc nh chiu dng
in chy trong vng trn
(C) hnh 19.10. Cho bit
ng sc t c chiu
hng v pha trc mt phng cha vng
trn (C).
C3. Dng in trong ( C ) ngc chiu
km ng h

CU HI V BI TP
1. Pht biu nh ngha t trng. 1. T trung l dng vt cht tn ti trong
khng gian m biu hin c th l s xut
hin ca lc t tc dng ln mt dng in
hay mt nam chm t trong n.
2. Pht biu nh ngha ng sc t. 2. ng sc t l ng c v trong
khng gian c t trung, sao cho tip
tuyn ti mi im c hng trng vi
hng ca t trng ti im .
Qui c: chiu ca ng sc t ti mt
im l chiu ca t trng ti im .
3. So snh nhng tnh cht ca ng sc
in v ng sc t.
sgk
4. So snh bn cht ca in trng v t
trng.
4. in trng l mi trng vt cht bao
quanh in tch.
T trng l mi vt cht bao quanh dng
in hoc nam chm.
5. Pht biu no di y l sai ?
Lc t l lc tng tc
A. gia hai nam chm
B. gia hai in tch ng yn.
C. gia hai dng in.
D. gia mt nam chm v mt dng in.
5. Chn B
6. Pht biu no sau y l ng ?
T trng khng tng tc vi
6. Chn B.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 46 -
A. cc in tch chuyn ng.
B. cc in tch ng yn.
C. nam chm ng yn.
D. nam chm chuyn ng.

7. t mt kim nam chm nh trn mt
phng vung gc vi mt dng in
thng. Khi cn bng, kim nam chm s
nm theo hng no ?
7. Kim nam chm nh nm dc theo
hng mt ng sc t ca dng in
thng.
8. Hai kim nam chm nh t xa cc dng
in v cc nam chm khc; ng ni hai
trng tm ca chng nm theo hng
Nam - Bc. Khi cn bng, hng ca hai
kim nam chm s nh th no ?









8.
BI 20: LC T. CM NG IN T
C1. Hy thit lp th thc (20.1): F =
mgtan

C1. Khi cn bng: T g m F

= + vi T

l
lc cng tng cng ca hai si dy.
Gi l gc hp bi dy treo v phng
thng ng.
T hnh v ta c:
u tan =
mg
F
=>F = mgtan u

S
S
N
N
Hng Nam - Bc
(Khi t trng Tri t manh hn t
trng kim nam chm)
(Khi t trng Tri t yu hn t
trng kim nam chm)
N
S
S
N

x
u
u
I
g m

O
1,2
Hng t
trng
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 47 -


C2. Nghim li nhn xt hng ca dng
in, t trng v lc t to thnh mt
tam din thun.
C2. Da vo qui tc bn tay tri.
CU HI V BI TP
1. Pht biu cc nh ngha:
a) T trng u;
b) Lc t;
c) Cm ng t.
1. nh ngha:
a) T trng u:
T trng u l t trng m c tnh
ca n ging nhau ti mi im; cc
ng sc t l nhng ng thng song
song, cng chiu v cch u nhau.
b) Lc t: Lc t F

tc dng ln phn t
dng in I l

t trong t trung u, ti
cm ng t l B

:
- c im t ti trung im ca M
1
M
2

- c phung vung gc vi l

v B

- c chiu tua theo quy tc bn tay tri;
- c ln: F = IlBsin
c) Cm ng t B

ti mt im:
- C hng trng vi hng ca t trng
ti im ;
- C ln l:
Il
F
B =
2. Pht biu nh ngha n v tesla 2. Tesla l n v cm ng t
vi lc t F o bng n v N, cng
dng in o bng ampe (A) v l o bng
mt (m)
3. So snh lc in v lc t. 3. Xung quanh in tch c in trng.
in trng tc dng lc in ln cc in
tch t trong n. Biu thc tnh lc in:
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 48 -
E q F

=
Xung quanh in tch chuyn ng c t
trng. T trng gy ra lc t tc dng
ln nam chm hay mt dng in t
trong n. Biu thc xc nh lc t:
F = IlBsin

4. Pht biu no di y l sai ?
Lc t tc dng ln phn t dng in
A. vung gc vi phn t dng in.
B. cng hung vi t trng.
C. t l vi cng dng in.
D. t l vi cm ng t.
4. Chn B.
5. Pht biu no di y l ng ?
Cm ng t ti mt im trong t trng
A. vung gc vi ng sc t.
B. nm theo hng ca ng sc t.
C. nm theo hng ca lc t.
D. khng c hng xc nh.
5. Chn B.
6. Phn t dng in I l

nm trong t
trng u c cc ng sc t thng
ng. Phi t I l

nh th no cho lc
t
a) nm ngang ?
b) bng khng ?

6. a) I l

phi t theo phng khng song

vi ng sc t
b) I l

song song vi cc ng sc t.

7. Phn t dng in I l

c treo nm
ngang trong mt t trng u. Hng v
ln ca cm ng t B

phi nh th no
lc t cn bng vi trng lc mg

ca
phn t dng in ?

7. Ta c: 0

= + g m F =>
B

c phng nm ngang: ( B l I

, ) = = 0
v 180
0

C chiu sao cho chiu quay t I l

sang B

thun i vi chiu thng ng i ln;
C ln tho mn h thc: IlBsin = mg
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 49 -
BI 21: T TRNG CA DNG IN CHY TRONG DY DN C HNH
DNG C BIT
C1. Hy xc nh chiu dng in trn
hnh 21.2b.





C1. Dng in chy t phi sang tri.
C2. Da vo qui tc vo Nam ra Bc
nghim li rng, chiu cc ng sc t
ca ng dy in hnh tr cng c xc
nh theo qui tc nm tay phi.
C2. ng dy dn hnh tr l ng dy c
to thnh bi mt dy dn qun u quanh
mt li hnh tr (thng c chiu di ln
hn nhiu so vi ng knh tit din).
Da vo nam chm th cho bit chiu cc
ng sc t. Cc ng sc t i ra t
mt u v i vo u kia ca ng ging
nh mt Nam chm thng. Do c th
coi mt ng dy mang dng in cng c
hai cc, u ng m cc ng sc i ra
t cc Bc, u kia l cc Nam.
V cc vng dy trong ng dy c qun
theo cng mt chiu nn dng in trong
ng c th coi nh gm nhiu dng in
trn hp thnh. V vy c th dng qui tc
nm tay phi xc nh chiu ca ng
sc i vi dng in bn trong ng dy:
Tng tng dng bn tay phi nm ly
ng dy sao cho cc ngn tr, ngn
gia...hng theo chiu dng in; khi
ngn ci choi ra cho ta chiu ca ng
sc t.
C3. Tm mt im trn on O
1
O
2
trong C3. im phi tm nm ti trung im
-
B

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 50 -
cm ng t tng hp bng 0

.








O
1
O
2

CU HI V BI TP
1. Cm ng t ti mt im trong t
trng ca dng in ph thuc vo
nhng yu t no ?
1. - T l vi cng dng in I gy ra
t trng
- Ph thuc vo dng hnh hc ca dy
dn.
- Ph thuc vo v tr ca im M
- Ph thuc vo mi trng xung quanh
2. ln ca cm ng t ti mt im
trong t trng ca dng in thng di
thay i th no khi im y dch chuyn
a) song song vi dy ?
b) vung gc vi dy
c) theo mt ng sc t xung quanh dy
?
2. a) khng thay i
b) tng khi chng dch chuyn li gn si
dy v gim khi dch chuyn ra xa si dy
c) Khng thay i.
3. Pht biu no di y l ng ?
ln cm ng t ti tm mt dng in
trn
a. t l vi cng dng in.
b. t l vi chiu di ng trn
c. t l vi din tch hnh trn
d. t l nghch vi din tch hnh trn
3. Chn A.

4. Pht biu no di y l ng ? 4. Chn C.
O
1 O
2
M

1
B

2
B

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 51 -
Cm ng t trong lng ng dy in hnh
tr
a. lun bng khng
b. t l vi chiu di ng dy.
c. l ng u
d. t l vi tit din ng dy.
5. So snh cm ng t bn trong hai ng
dy in sau:
ng 1 5A 5000 vng di 2 m
ng 2 2A 10000 vng di 1,5 m


5. Ta c: B = 4t .10
-7
I
l
N

Nn: 2
5 , 1
10000
5
2
5000
<


6. Hai dng in ng phng : dng th
nht thng di, I
1
= 2A; dng th hai hnh
trn, tm O
2
cch dng th nht 40cm,
bn knh R
2
= 20 cm, I
2
= 2A. Xc nh
cm ng t ti O
2
.
6. Cm ng t ti tm O
2
do dng I
1
gy
ra l:
B
1
= 2.10
-7
.
R
I
1
= 2.10
-7 T
6
10
4 , 0
2

=

Cm ng t ti tm O
2
do dng I
2
gy ra
l:
B
2
= 2t .10
-7
.
2
2
R
I
= =

2 , 0
2
10 . 14 , 3 . 2
7

62,8.10
-7
T
Theo nguyn l chng cht t trng ta c
cm ng t ti tm O
2
:
2 1
B B B

+ =
Tu theo chiu ca hai dng in: B
=B
1
B
2

7. Hai dng in I
1
= 3A v I
2
= 2A chy
trong hai dy dn thng di, song song
cch nhau 50 cm theo cng mt chiu.
Xc nh nhng im ti 0

= B

7.Gi
2 1
, B B

ln lt l vect cm ng t
do I
1
, I
2
gy ra ti M.
Ta c:
2 1 2 1
0 B B B B

= = +
Do im M nm trong mt phng cha
hai dng in, phi nm trn ng thng
vung gc vi hai dng in v khong
gia hai dng in.
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 52 -
Ta c: B
1
= B
2

2
2
1
1
r
I
r
I
=
2
3
2
1
2
1
= =
r
r
I
I
(1)
V r
1
+ r
2
= 0,5 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta suy ra: r
1
= 0,3 m; r
2
= 0,2
m.

BI 22. LC LO REN X
C1. Khi no lc Lorenx bng 0

?
C1. Lc Lorenx bng 0 khi B = 0, v = 0
hay B

// v

C2. Xc nh lc lorenx trn hnh 22.4







C2. Lc Lo ren x f

vung gc vi
B

, v

v hng ra pha trc mt giy.

C3. Hnh 22.6 l
qu o trn ca
mt lectron trong
mt mt phng
vung gc vi t
trng u B

. Xc nh chiu ca B

.








C3. B

hng v pha sau mt phng hnh

v.
(V chuyn ng trn u nn lc lorenx
f hng v tm. Theo qui tc bn tay tri
ta suy ra).
-
Hnh 22.4
Hnh 22.6
-
B

e
-
v

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 53 -
C4. T cng thc (22.6):
B q
mv
R
0
= , hy
tnh chu k ca chuyn ng trn u ca
ht.
Chng t rng, chu k khng ph thuc
vn tc ht (trong khi bn knh qu o t
l vi vn tc ht).
C4. Chu k ca chuyn ng trn u:
B q
m
v
R
T
0
2 2 t t
= =
CU HI V BI TP
1.Lc lorenx l g ? Vit cng thc ca
lc Lorenx.
1. Lc m t trng tc dng ln mt ht
mang in chuyn ng trong n l lc
Lorenx.
Cng thc ca lc lorenx: f =
0
q vBsin.
2. Pht biu qui tc bn tay tri cho lc
lorenx.
2. bn tay tri m rng sao cho t
trng hng vo lng bn tay, chiu t
c tay n ngn gia l chiu ca v

khi q
0

> 0 v ngc chiu v

khi q
0
< 0. Lc
chiu ca lc Lorenx l chiu ngn ci
choi ra.
3. Pht biu no di y l sai ?
Lc lorenx
A. vung gc vi t trng.
B. vung gc vi vn tc.
C. khng ph thuc vo hng ca t
trng.
D. ph thuc vo du ca in tch
3. Chn C.
4. Pht biu no di y l ng ?
Ht electron bay vo trong mt t trng
u theo hng ca t trng B

th
A. hng chuyn ng thay i.
B. ln ca vn tc thay i.
C. ng nng thay i.
4. Chn D.
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 54 -
D. chuyn ng khng thay i.
5. Mt ion bay theo qu o trn bn knh
R trong mt mt phng vung gc vi cc
ng sc ca mt t trng u. Khi
ln vn tc tng gp i th bn knh qu
o l bao nhiu ?
A. R/2.
B. R.
C. 2R.
D. 4R.
5. Chn C.

6. So snh lc in v lc lorenx cng
tc dng ln mt in tch.

6. Lc in cng phng E

, cn lc
lorenx vung gc vi B

7. Ht prtn chuyn ng theo qu o
trn bn knh 5 m di tc dng ca mt
t trng u B = 10
-2
T. Xc nh:
a) Tc ca prtn.
b) Chu k chuyn ng ca prtn
Cho m
P
= 1,672.10
-27
kg.
7.
a) Ta c: R =
B q
mv
0
m
BR q
v
0
= =
4,784.10
6
m/s.
b) Chu k chuyn ng ca prtn:
T =
v
R t 2
= 6,6.10
-6
s.


8
*
. Trong mt t trng u c B

thng
ng, cho mt dng cc ion bt u i vo
t trng t im A v i ra ti C, sao cho
AC l ng trn trong mt phng
ngang. Cc ion c cng in tch, cng
vn tc u. cho bit khong cch AC
gia im i vo v im i ra i vi ion
C
2
H
5
O
+
l 22,5 cm, xc nh khong cch
AC i vi cc ion C
2
H
5
OH
+
; C
2
H
5
+
;
OH
+
; CH
2
OH
+
; CH
3
+
; CH
2
+
.
8. Khong cch AC l ng knh qu
o trn bng 2R, t l thun vi khi
lng ca ion, cng t l vi phn t gam
ca ion.
C
2
H
5
O
+
C
2
H
5
OH
+
C
2
H
5
+
OH
+
CH
2
OH
+
CH
3
+
45 46 29 17 31 15
Bit khong cch AC i vi C
2
H
5
O
+
l
22,5 cm, gi tr tng ng i vi cc ion
khc l:
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 55 -
C
2
H
5
O
+
C
2
H
5
OH
+
C
2
H
5
+
OH
+
CH
2
OH
+
CH
3
+
22,5 23 14,5 8,5 15,5 7,5


CHNG IV. CM NG IN T
BI 23: T THNG. CM NG IN T
C1. Hy gii thch s bin thin t thng
qua mch kn (C) trong tng th nghim.














C1. Th nghim 1: (Hnh a) T thng qua
mch kn (C) tng.
Th nghim (2) : (Hnh b) T thng qua
mch kn (C) gim.
Th nghim: (3): Nu cho nam chm ng
yn v mch (C) dch chuyn li gn nam
chm, th t thng qua mch kn (C) tng.
Nu cho nam chm ng yn v mch (C)
dch chuyn ra xa nam chm, th t thng
qua mch kn gim.
C2. M t v gii thch th nghim Fa ra
y c v trn hnh 23.4.
C2. Khi ng kho K(Hnh 23.4a) t
thng qua mch (C) tng t ngt, lm
xut hin dng in cm ng trong mch
(C).
Khi ngt kho K, t thng qua mch (C)
gim t ngt, l xut hin dng in cm
ng trong mch.
- Khi dng in tng hoc gim (Hnh
23.4b) th t thng qua mch kn (C) cng
a)
S N
Chuyn ng
S N
b)
Chuyn ng
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 56 -
tng hoc gim, lm xut hin dng in
cm ng trong mch (C)
C3. Cho nam chm SN ri thng ng
chui qua mch kn (C) c nh (Hnh
23.5). Hy xc nh chiu dng in cm
ng xut hin trong (C).













C3. Khi nam chm cn pha trn mt
(C) th t thng qua mch kn tng, trn
mch (C) xut hin dng in cm ng c
chiu sao cho mt trn ca mch l mt
Bc (t trng cm ng hng ngc
chiu t trng nam chm), chng li s
chuyn ng ca nam chm. Nu nhn t
trn xung, dng in cm ng c chiu
ngc chiu kim ng h.
- Khi nam chm chui qua mch (C)
xung di th t thng qua mch kn (C)
gim, xut hin dng in cm ng c
chiu sao cho mt di ca mch (C) l
mt Bc(t trng cm ng cng chiu
vi t trng ban u) chng li s
chuyn ng ca nam chm. Nu nhn t
trn xung di dng in cm ng cng
chiu vi chiu kim ng h.
CU HI V BI TP
1. Pht biu cc nh ngha:
- Dng in cm ng;
- Hin tng cm ng in t.
- T trng cm ng.
1. Dng in cm ng: l dng in xut
hin trong mch kn mi khi c t thng
qua mch kn bin thin.
- Hin tng xut hin dng in cm ng
trong mch kn (C) gi l hin tng cm
ng in t.
- T trng cm ng l t trng do dng
in cm ng xut hin trong mch sinh
ra.
2. Dng in Fu - c l g ? 2. Dng in Fu c l cc dng in
Hnh 23.5
S
N
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 57 -
cm ng c sinh ra trong cc khi
kim loi khi cc khi ny chuyn ng
trong t trng hoc c t trong mt
t trng bin thin theo thi gian.
3. Mch kn (C) khng bin dng trong t
trng u B

. Hi trng hp no di
y, t thng qua mch bin thin ?
A. (C) chuyn ng tnh tin.
B. (C) chuyn ng quay quanh mt trc
c nh vung gc vi mt phng cha
mch.
C. (C) chuyn ng trong mt mt phng
vung gc vi B

.
D. (C) quay xung quanh trc c nh nm
trong mt phng cha mch v trc ny
khng song song vi ng sc t.
3. Chn D.
4. Mch kn trn (C) nm trong cng mt
phng P vi dng in thng
I (Hnh 23.8). Hi trng
hp no di y, t thng
qua (C) bin thin ?
A. (C) dch chuyn trong
mt phng P li gn I hoc ra xa I.
B. (C) dch chuyn trong mt phng P vi
vn tc song song vi dng I.
C. (C) c nh, dy dn thng mang dng
I chuyn ng tnh tin dc theo chnh n.
D. (C) quay xung quanh dng in thng
I.

4. Chn A. V lc t thng qua (C)
tng hoc gim.
5. Xc nh chiu ca dng in cm ng
trong cc th nghim di y:

(C)
H23.8
I
N S
(C)
Tnh
tin
H23.9a
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 58 -
a) Nam chm chuyn ng tnh tin
(H23.9a)





b) Mch (C) chuyn ng tnh tin
(H23.9b)





c) Mch (C) quay (H23.9c)





d) Nam chm quay lin tc (h23.9c)








BI 24: SUT IN NG CM NG
C1.a) Nhc li nh ngha sut in ng
ca mt ngun in.
C1. a) Sut in ng ca ngun in l
i lng c trng cho kh nng thc
N S
(C)
Tnh
tin
H23.9a
N S
(C)
Tnh
tin
H23.9b
N S
(C)
Tnh
tin
H23.9b
i
N S
(C)
H23.9c
khng i nn i =0
N S
(C)
H23.9c
N S
N
S
Quay lin tc
(C)
H23.9d
d) T thng qua khung bin thin
tun hon trong khung dy xut hin
dng in cm ng xoay chiu.
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 59 -
b) Trong cc s mch in, ngun in
l tng mt chiu c k hiu nh hnh
24.1a. Ngoi ra, ngun in cn c k
hiu nh hnh 24.1b, trong , im ngn
ca mi tn ch vo cc dng ca ngun;
chiu mi tn c gi l chiu ca sut
in ng. Tnh u
AB
theo s hnh 24.1c
c) Tnh u
CD
theo s hnh 24.1d.
d) Tnh u
AB
theo s hnh 24.1e vi mt
ngun c r = 0.
e) Nhc li biu thc ca in nng do
mt ngun in sn ra trong mt khong
thi gian t A













hin cng ca ngun in v c o
bng cng ca lc l khi dch chuyn mt
n v in tch dng ngc chiu in
trng bn trong ngun in.
b) u
AB
= E
c) u
CD
= - E
d) u
AB
= E r.i
e) t i A A = A E

C2. Nghim li rng, trong cng thc
(24.4):
t
e
c
A
Au
= , hai v u c cng n
v.
C2. n v ca v th hai:
V
C
J
As
J
s
m
m A
N
s
m T
= = = = =
2 2
.
.
s
Wb
.
+
E
-
r =0
a)
E
b)
E
c)
E
d)
E
e)
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 60 -
C3. Xc nh chiu
ca sut in ng
cm ng xut hin
trong mch kn (C)
trn hnh 24.3 khi
nam chm:
a) i xung.
b) i ln.

C3. a) Chiu m.
b) Chiu dng.
CU HI V BI TP
1. Pht biu cc nh ngha:
- Sut in ng cm ng.
- Tc bin thin t thng.
1. - Sut in ng cm ng l sut in
ng sinh ra dng in cm ng trong
mch kn.
- Thng s
t A
Au
biu th bin thin t
thng qua mch (C) trong mt n v thi
gian, thng s ny c gi l tc
bin thin t thng qua mch.
2. Nu t nht ba ng dng ca hin tng
cm ng in t.
2. My pht in xoay chiu.
- My pht in mt chiu.
- n ghi ta in.
3. Pht biu no di y l ng ?
Khi mt mch kn phng quay xung quanh
mt trc nm trong mt phng cha mch
trong mt t trng, th sut in ng
cm ng i chiu mt ln trong
A. 1 vng quay
B. 2 vng quay.
C. vng quay.
D. vng quay.
3. Chn C.
4. Mt mch kn hnh vung, cnh 10 cm, 4. Sut in ng cm ng: e
c
= r.i = 5.2 =
N
S
+
n

(C)
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 61 -
t vung gc vi mt t trng u c
ln thay i theo thi gian. Tnh tc
bin thin ca t trng, bit cng
dng in cm ng i = 2A v in tr ca
mch r = 5.
10 V.
Mt khc:
t
S B
t
e
c
A
A
=
A
Au
=
.

Suy ra:
3
2
10
1 , 0
10
= = =
A
A
S
e
t
B
c
T/s
5. Mt khung dy dn hnh vung, cnh a
= 10 cm, t c nh trong mt t trng
u c vect cm ng t B

vung gc vi
mt khung. Trong khong thi gian t A =
0,05s, cho ln ca B

tng u t 0 n
0,5 T. Xc nh ln ca sut in ng
cm ng sut hin trong khung.
5. Ta c:
2
. . a B S B A = A = Au
V
t
a B
t
e
c
1 , 0
05 , 0
1 , 0 . 5 , 0 .
2 2
= =
A
A
=
A
Au
=
6. * Mt mch kn
trn (C) bn knh R,
t trong t trng
u, trong vect
cm ng t B

lc u
c hng song song
vi mt phng cha (C) (H24.4). Cho (C)
quay u xung quanh trc A c nh i
qua tm ca (C) v nm trong mt phng
cha (C); tc quay l khng i.
Xc nh sut in ng cm ng cc i
xut hin trong (C).
6.
u
= 0
= B.S.cos = B.S.sint ( =
2
t
- t )
( )
t
t S B
t
e
c
A
A
=
A
Au
=
e sin . . .
= B.S.cost
(Khi cho 0 At ,
t
t
A
A ) (sine
tin ti o
hm theo t ca sint
e
cmax
= B.S.

Bi 25: T CM
C1. Hy thit lp cng thc (25.2)
L = 4 S
l
N
2
7
10 .

t
C1. Cm ng t trong lng ng dy cho
bi:
i
l
N
B
7
10 . 4

= t
T thng qua ng dy (qua N vng dy,
tit din S)
A
B

(C)
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 62 -
= N.B.S =N.( i
l
N
7
10 . 4

t )S
mt khc : = L.i => L = 4 S
l
N
2
7
10 .

t
C2. Trong mch in v trn hnh 25.4,
kho K ang ng v tr a. Nu chuyn
K sang v tr b th in tr R nng ln.
Hy gii thch.

C2. Khi kho K chuyn sang b th t
thng trong ng dy bin thin nn trong
ng dy sut hin dng in cm ng
cng chiu vi dng in i
L
ban u v
chy qua R, v chuyn kho k t ngt nn
dng in cm ng ny kh ln lm in
tr R nng ln.
Nng lng nhit to ra trong R chnh l
phn nng lng tch lu trong ng dy
t cm khi kho K cn v tr a

C3. Chng t rng hai v ca (25.4) W =
Li
2
c cng n v l jun (J).
C3. V phi ca (25.4):
J Wb.A .
A
Wb
2
= = A
CU HI V BI TP
1. Trong nhng hin tng no c hin
tng t cm?
1. Hin tng t cm lun xy ra i vi
cc mch in mt chiu bin thin (khi
ng, ngt mch in) v cc mch in
xoay chiu.
2. Pht biu nh ngha t thng ring,
t cm ca mt mch kn.
2. Nu mt mch kn (C), trong c
dng in cng i, dng in i gy ra
mt t trng, t trng ny gy ra mt t
thng qua (C) c gi l t thng ring
ca mch.
t cm L ca mt mch kn l mt h
s dng, ch ph thuc vo cu to v
kch thc ca mch kn (C).
a
b
L
R
+
-
Hnh 25.4
i
L
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 63 -
3. ln ca sut in ng t cm ph
thuc vo nhng i lng no ?

3.
t
i
L e
tc
A
A
=
Sut in ng t cm c ln t l vi
tc bin thin ca cng dng in
trong mch.
4. Chn cu ng.
Mt ng dy c t cm L, ng dy th
hai c s vng dy tng gp i v din
tch mi vng dy gim mt na so vi
ng dy th nht. Nu hai ng dy c
chiu di nh nhau th t cm ca ng
dy th hai l
A. L B. 2L.
C. L/2. D. 4L
4. Chn B
L
1
= 4t .10
-7
..
l
N
2
1
S
1
L
2
= 4t .10
-7
..
l
N
2
2
S
2

Gt: N
2
= 2N
1
v S
2
= S
1
=> L
2
= 2L
1


5. Pht biu no di y l sai ?
Sut in ng t cm c ga tr ln khi
A. dng in tng nhanh.
B. dng in gim nhanh
C. dng in c gi tr ln.
D. dng in bin thin nhanh.

5. Chn C
6. Tnh t cm ca mt ng dy hnh
tr c chiu di 0,5m gm 1000 vng dy,
mi vng dy c ng knh 20 cm.

6. Ta c: L = 4t .10
-7
.
l
N
2
S
= 4.3,14.10
-7
.
5 , 0
1000
2
.(t .0,1
2
)
= 0,079 H

7. Sut in ng t cm 0,75V xut hin
trong mt cun cm c L = 25mH; ti
cng dng in gim t gi tr i
a

xung 0 trong 0,01s. Tnh i
a
.

7. Ta c:
t
i
L e
tc
A
A
= => 0,75 = 25.10
-
3
.
01 , 0
a
i

=>i
a
= 0,3A
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 64 -
8. Mt mch in nh hnh 25.5, cun
cm L c in tr bng khng. Dng in
qua L bng 1,2A; t cm L = 0,2H.
Chuyn K sang v tr b, tnh nhit lung
to ra trong R.



8. Nhit lng to ra trn R chnh l phn
nng lng tch lu trong ng dy t
cm khi kho K cn v tr a.
Ta c: Q = Li
2
= .0,2.1,2
2
= 0,144J


PHN II - QUANG HNH HC
CHNG VI. KHC X NH SNG
BI 26: KHC X NH SNG
C1. Vit cng thc ca nh lut khc x
vi cc gc nh (<10
0
)
C1. Ta c: i, r < 10
0
nn sini ~ i v sinr ~
r
Do cng thc:
1
2
sin
sin
n
n
r
i
=
1
2
n
n
r
i
=
C2. p dng nh lut khc x cho trng
hp i = 0
0
. Kt lun.
C2. i = 0
0
r = 0
0
. Tia sng truyn
thng.
C3. Hy p dng cng thc ca nh lut
khc x cho s khc x lin tip vo nhiu
mi trng c chit sut ln lt l n
1
, n
2
,
...n
n
v c cc mt phn cch song song
vi nhau. Nhn xt.
C3. Khi c s khc x xy ra lin tip
cc mt phng phn cch song song, ta c:
n
1
sini
1
= n
2
sini
2
= ...= n
n
sini
n


CU HI V BI TP
1. Th no l hin tng khc x nh sng
? Pht biu nh lut khc x nh sng.
1. Khc x nh sng l hin tung lch
phng (gy) ca tia sng khi truyn xin
gc qua mt phn cch gia hai mi
trng trong sut khc nhau.
nh lut khc x nh sng:
- Tia khc x nm trong mt phng ti(to
bi tia ti v php tuyn) v pha bn
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 65 -
kia php tuyn so vi tia ti.
- Vi hai mi trng trong sut nht nh,
t s gia sin gc ti (sini) v sin gc khc
x (sinr) lun khng i:
=
r
i
sin
sin
hng s
2. Chit sut t i n
21
ca mi trng (2)
i vi mi trng (1) l g ?
2. Chit sut t i n
21
ca mi trng (2)
i vi mi trng (1) l mt t s khng
i
r
i
sin
sin
trong hin tng khc x nh
sng.
3. Chit sut (tuyt i) n ca mt mi
trng l g ? Vit h thc lin h gia
chit sut t i v chit sut tuyt i.
3. Chit sut tuyt i (thng gi tt l
chit sut) ca mt mi trng l chit
sut t i ca mi trng i vi chn
khng.
4. Theo cng thc ca nh lut khc x
nh sng, trng hp no khng c hin
tng khc x ?
4. Khi tia ti vung gc vi mt phn
cch gia hai mi trng.
5. Th no l tnh thun nghch ca s
truyn nh sng ?
Chng t: n
12
=
21
1
n

Nc c chit sut l 4/3. Chit sut ca
khng kh i vi nc l bao nhiu ?
5. Tnh thun nghch ca s truyn nh
sng: nh sng truyn i theo ng no
th cng truyn ngc li theo ng .
- Ta c: n
12
=
21
1
sin
sin
1
sin
sin
n
r
i i
r
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
- Chit sut ca khng kh i vi nc:
n
kk-n
= = 0,75.
6. Mt tia sng
truyn n mt
thong ca
nc. Tia ny
cho mt tia
phn x mt thong v mt tia khc x.
Ngi v cc tia ny qun ghi li chiu
6. Chn B.
S
2

I
S
1

S
3

Khng kh
Nc
H26.7
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 66 -
truyn trong hnh 26.7. Tia no di y
l tia ti ?
A. Tia S
1
I
B. Tia S
2
I
C. Tia S
3
I
D. S
1
I ; S
2
I; S
3
I u c th l tia ti.
7. Tia sng truyn t nc v khc x ra
khng kh. Tia khc x v tia phn x
mt nc vung gc vi nhau. Nc c
chit sut l 4/3. Gc ti ca tia sng l
bao nhiu (tnh trn s) ?
A. 37
0
.
B. 42
0
.
C. 53
0
.
D. Mt gi tr khc A, B, C.
7. Ta c:
1
2
sin
sin
n
n
r
i
=
=
4
3

=>
) 90 sin(
4
3
sin i i =
=> sin i = 0,75cosi => i = 37
0
.
Chn A.
8. C ba mi trng trong sut (1), (2),
(3). Vi cng gc ti i, mt tia sng khc
x nh hnh 26.8 khi truyn t (1) vo (2)
v t (1) vo (3).






Vn vi gc ti i, khi tia sng truyn t
(2) vo (3) th gc khc x l bao nhiu
(tnh trn s)
A. 22
0
.
B. 31
0
.
C. 38
0
.
8. Chn D.

S
I
R
i
r
S

i

(1)
(2)
45
0
i
(1)
(3)
30
0
i
Hnh 26.8
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 67 -
D. Khng tnh c.

9. Mt ci thc c cm thng ng
vo bnh c y phng, ngang. Phn thc
nh khi mt nc l 4 cm. Chch trn
c mt ngn n. Bng ca thc trn mt
nc di 4 cm v y di 8 cm.
Tnh chiu su ca nc trong bnh. Chit
sut ca nc l 4/3.

9. Ta c: i = 45
0
=> sinr =
4
3
sin45
0
=> r
~32
0
.
xtan32
0
= 4 => x = 6,4 cm





10. Mt tia sng c chiu n im
gia ca mt trn mt khi lp phng
trong sut, chit sut n = 1,50 (Hnh 26.9).
Tm gc ti i ln nht tia khc x vo
trong khi cn gp mt y ca khi.






10. Gc khc x ln nht khi tia khc x
qua nh ca mt y:
Sin r
m
=
2
2
2
2
a
a
a
+
=
3
1

Suy ra: sin i
m
= nsinr
m
=
2
3

i
m
= 60
0
.
BI 27: PHN X TON PHN
C1. Ti sao mt cong ca bn tr, chm
tia ti hp truyn theo phng bn knh li
truyn thng ?
C1. Tia sng c i =0
0
.
C2. Vn dng tnh thun nghch ca s
truyn nh sng, hy nu ra cc kt qu
khi nh sng truyn vo mi trng chit
quang hn
C2. C th c cc kt qu sau y:
+ lun c tia khc x.
+ r < i tia khc x nm gn php tuyn
hn so vi tia ti.
+ i = 90
0
: r = r
gh
(gc gii hn khc x)
i
r
H I
J
x
n
i
Hnh 26.9
i
Hnh 26.9
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 68 -
Sinr
gh
=
2
1
n
n


CU HI V BI TP
1. Th no l phn x ton phn ? Nu
iu kin c phn x ton phn.
1. Phn x ton phn l hin tng phn
x ton b tia sng ti, xy ra mt phn
cch gia hai mi trng trong sut.
- iu kin c phn x ton phn:
+ nh sng truyn t mi trng chit
quang hn(c chit sut ln hn) sang
mi chit quang km(c chit sut nh
hn)
n
2
< n
1

+ Gc ti ln hn hoc bng gc gii hn
phn x ton phn: i > i
gh

vi sini
gh
=
2
1
n
n

2. So snh phn x ton phn vi phn x
thng thng.
2. Phn x thng thng (phn x mt
phn lun) c s i km ca hin tung
khc x) cn phn x ton phn l s phn
x ca ton b tia sng ti.
3. Cp quang l g ? Hy cho bit cu to
ca cp quang. Nu mt vi ng dng.
3. + Cp quang l mt b si quang. Mi
si quang l mt dy trong sut c tnh
dn sng nh phn x ton phn.
+ Cu to si quang: gm hai phn chnh
- Phn li trong sut bng thu tinh siu
sch c chit sut ln (n
1
)
- Phn v bc cng trong sut, bng thu
tinh c chit sut n
2
nh hn phn li
+ Mt vi ng dng: Cp quang dng
trong lnh vc truyn thng tin lin lc,
ni soi y hc,...
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 69 -
4. Gii thch ti sao kim cng v pha l
sng lng lnh. Ngi ta to ra nhiu mt
cho vin kim cng hay cc vt bng pha
l lm g ?
4. Do phn x ton phn xy ra lin tip
bn trong.
Bn cht ca kim cng l cacbon kt
tinh. Chit sut ca kim cng rt ln (n
~ 2,42). Khi kim cng trong khng
kh, gc gii hn i
gh
ca tia sng ti mt
mt kim cng c gi tr kh nh (i
gh

~24
0
). Kim cng thng c khai thc
t cc m. c cc vin kim cng p
nh ta thy, ngi ta ct gt vin kim
cng thnh cc khi c nhiu mt. Khi
mt tia sng ri ti mt mt, n s b khc
x, i vo trong kim cng v b ph x
ton phn nhiu ln gia cc mt ca vin
kim cng trc khi l ta ti mt ta, nn
ta thy nh sng t vin kim cng lo ra
rt sng. nh sng ti kim cog l nh
trng ca Mt Tri gm v s nh sng
mu t n tm. khi qua kim cng nh
sng b tn sc, do ta thy kim cng
lp lnh nhiu mu rc r.
5. Mt chm tia sng hp truyn t mi
trng (1) chit sut n
1
ti mt phng
phn cch vi mi trng (2) chit sut n
2
.
Cho bit n
1
< n
2
v i c gi tr thay i.
Trng hp no sau y c hin tng
phn x ton phn ?
A. Chm tia sng gn nh st mt phng
phn cch.
B. Gc ti i tho mn iu kin sini >
2
1
n
n

5. Chn D. V n
1
< n
2
nn khng tho mn
iu kin xy ra phn x ton phn.

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 70 -
C. Gc ti i tho mn iu kin sini <
2
1
n
n

D. Khng trng hp no nu.
6. Mt chm tia sng hp SI truyn trong
mt phng tit din vung gc ca mt
khi trong sut nh hnh 27.10. Tia sng
phn x ton phn mt AC.
Trong iu kin , chit sut n ca khi
trong sut c gi tr th no ?
A. n > 2 .
B. n < 2
C. 1 < n < 2
D. Khng xc nh c.
6. Chn A.
7. C ba mi trng trong sut. Vi cng
gc ti i:
- Nu tia sng truyn t (1) vo (2) th gc
khc x l 30
0
.
- Nu tia sng truyn t (1) vo (3) th gc
khc x l 45
0
.
Gc gii hn phn x ton phn mt
phn cch (2) v (3) c ga tr nh th
(tnh trn s)
A. 30
0
. B. 42
0
.
C. 45
0
. D. Khng tnh
c.
7. Chn C.
8. Mt khi bn tr c chit sut n = 1,41
= 2 . Mt chm tia sng hp nm trong
mt mt phng ca tit din vung gc,
chiu ti khi bn tr nh hnh 27.11. Xc
nh ng i ca chm tia sng vi cc
gi tr no sau y ca gc .
a) = 60
0
; i = 30
0
.
Sini
gh
=
1
2
n
n
=
2
1
=> i
gh

= 45
0
.
V i < i
gh
nn ti mt phn cch khng c
hin tng phn x ton phn. Phn ln
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 71 -
a) = 60
0
;
b) = 45
0
;
c) = 30
0
;
tia sng b khc x ra khng kh vi gc
khc x r = 45
0
.
b) = 45
0
; i = 45
o
. Ti mt phn cch bt
u c hin tung phn x ton phn. Gc
khc x lc ny r = 90
0
.
c) = 30
0
; i = 60 > i
gh
ti mt phn cch
c hin tng phn x ton phn vi i

=
60
0
.

CHNG VII. MT. CC DNG C QUANG
BI 28: LNG KNH
C1. Ti sao khi nh sng truyn t khng
kh vo lng knh, lun c s khc x v
tia khc x lch gn php tuyn hn so
vi tia ti ?
C1. nh ng truyn t mt mi trng
vo mi trng chit quang hn.






Ti I: tia khc x lch gn php tuyn,
ngha l lch v pha y lng knh.
Ti J: tia khc x lch xa php tuyn, tc
l cng lch v pha y lng knh.
Vy, khi c tia l ra khi y lng knh th
tia l bao gi cng lch v pha y lng
knh so vi tia ti.

C2. Hy thit lp cc cng thc lng knh.
sini
1
= nsinr
1
; A = r
1
+ r
2
;
sini
2
= nsinr
2
; D = i
1
+ i
2
A.
C2. p dng nh lut khc x im
ti I, J ta c sini
1
= n sinr v sini
2
= nsinr
2
;
Xt t gic AIHJ: A + H = 180
0
.
Xt AIJH: r
1
+ r
2
+ H = 180
0

A
D
R S
i
1
r
1
r
2
H

K

n
i
2

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 72 -
=> A = r
1
+ r
2

Xt AKIJ: gc D l gc ngoi ca tam
gic nn:
D =
. .
+ KJI KIJ
vi
.
J KI = i
1
r
1
v
.
KJI = i
2
r
2


Vy D = i
1
+ i
2
A
C3. Gii thch s phn x ton phn hai
mt bn ca lng knh hnh 28.7





C3. Gc ti cc mt l i = 45
0
> i
gh
~
42
0
. Tia phn x ton phn vung gc vi
tia ti.
CU HI V BI TP
1. Lng knh l g ? Nu cu to v cc
c trng quang hc ca lng knh.
1. - Lng knh l mt khi cht trong sut,
ng cht (thu tinh, nha...), thng c
dng lng tr tam gic.
- Lng knh c biu din bng tam gic
tit din thng. Cc phn t ca lng knh
gm: cnh, y, hai mt bn.
- c trng quang hc ca lng knh: gc
chit quang A, chit sut n
2. Trnh by tc dng ca lng knh i
vi s truyn nh sng qua n. Xt hai
trng hp:
- nh sng n sc.
- nh sng trng
- nh sng n sc khi qua lng knh n
khng b tn sc.
- nh sng trng khi qua lng knh b
phn tch thnh nhiu chm sng c mu
sc khc nhau (hin tng tn sc nh
sng)
3. Nu cc cng dng ca lng knh. 3. Tc dng tn sc nh sng trng:
Lng knh c tc dng phn tch nh sng
trng truyn qua n thnh nhiu chm
Hnh 28.7
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 73 -
sng mu khc nhau.
4. C ba trng hp truyn tia sng qua
lng knh nh Hnh 28.9





cc trng hp no sau y, lng knh
khng lm lch tia l v pha y ?
A. Trng hp (1).
B. Hai trng hp (2) v (3).
C. Ba trng hp (1), (2) v (3).
D. Khng trng hp no.
4. D.
5. Cho tia sng truyn qua lng knh nh
hnh 28.10. Tia l truyn i st mt BC.
Gc lch to bi lng knh c gi tr no
sau y ?
A. 0
0
.
B. 22,5
0
.
C. 45
0
.
D. 90
0
.



5. Chn C.







Gc lch bi lng knh l: C I H
.
= 180
0

135
0
= 45
0
.
6. Tip theo bi tp 5.
Chit sut n ca lng knh c gi tr no
sau y ? (Tnh trn vi mt ch s thp
phn).
A. 1,4. B. 1,5.
C. 1,7. C. Khc A, B, C.
6. Ti I: nsin45
0
= sin 90 => n = 1,4
Chn A
7. Lng knh thu tinh c tit din thng l 7.
I
I
J
I
J
(1) (2) (3)
n
A
B
C
Hnh 28.10
n
A
B
C
Hnh 28.10a
I H
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 74 -
tam gic cn ABC nh A. Mt tia sng
n sc c chiu vung gc ti mt bn
AB. Sau hai ln phn x ton phn trn
hai mt AC v AB, tia sng l ra khi y
BC theo phng vung gc vi BC.
a) V ng truyn ca tia sng v tnh
gc chit quang A.
b) Tm iu kin m chit sut n ca lng
knh phi tho mn.








Ta c:
. . . .
= = = A J J B 2
2 1

0
180 : = + + A
. . .
C B A ABC =>
.
A 5 = 180
0
=>
.
A = 36
0

b) V gc ti ti J ln hn gc ti ti I nn
c hin tng phn x ton phn ti I hin
c hin tng phn x ton phn ti J.
c hin tng phn x ton phn ti I:
I
1
> i
gh
=> sin I
1
> sini
gh
=
n
1
=> sin A >
n
1
( v A = I
1
)
=> n >
A sin
1
~ 1,7
BI 29: THU KNH MNG
C1. Hy gi tn phn bit ba loi thu
knh li v ba loi thu knh lm hnh
29.1






C1. + Ba loi thu knh li:
- Hai mt li.
- Phng - li
- Li lm b mng (ra mng)
+ Ba loi thu knh lm:
- Hai mt lm.
- Phng lm.
- Li lm b dy (ra dy).
A
B
C
I
J
1
2
2
1
1 2 3
a) Hnh b dc thu knh li
F

F o
-
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 75 -








C2. Coi chm tia song song nh xut pht
hay hi t mt im rt xa (v cc), hy
nu mi quan h gia im ny vi :
- tiu im nh.
- tiu im vt ca thu knh hi t.
C2.
- Tiu im nh: nh ca vt im v
cc.
- Tiu im vt: v tr ca vt im c nh
v cc.
C4. Khi to nh o, thu knh hi t cho
chm tia l phn k. Kt qu ny c mu
thun vi tnh cht ca thu knh khng ?
Gii thch.
C4. Khng
- Tnh cht c bn ca thu knh hi t l
lm lch tia l v pha trc chnh so vi tia
ti. Tnh cht ny vn ng khi thu hi t
to nh o.
- Tnh cht c bn ca thu knh phn k
l lm lch tia l xa trc chnh so vi tia
ti. Tnh cht ny vn ng khi thu knh
phn k to nh tht.
C5. Dng cng thc xc inh v tr nh,
hy chng t rng, nu gi thu knh c
nh v di vt dc theo trc chnh th nh
v vt lun di chuyn cng chiu.

C5. Ta c:
f d
df
d

=
'
. Ly o hm ca d

theo d.
( ) ( )
0
) (
) (
2
2
2
' '
<

=
f d
f
f d
df f d f
d
Suy ra: 0
'
<
A
A
d
d
, ngha l: d d A A ,
'
lun
tri du. Vy nh v vt di chuyn cng
chiu.
CU HI V BI TP
b) Hnh b dc thu knh lm
1 2 3
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 76 -
1. Thu knh l g ? K cc loi thu knh. 1. Thu knh l mt khi cht trong sut
(thu tinh, nha...) gii hn bi hai mt
cong hoc bi mt mt cong v mt mt
phng.
- Cc loi thu knh: Trong khng kh
Thu knh li (thu knh hi t)
Thu knh lm (thu knh phn k)
2. Nu tnh cht quang hc ca quang tm,
tiu im nh, tiu im vt. Minh ho
bng ng truyn ca tia sng cho mi
trng hp.
2. i vi quang tm O: Mi tia sng ti
qua quang tm O ca thu knh u truyn
thng.
Tiu im nh: Chm tia ti song song,
chm tia l( hay ng ko di ca tia l)
i qua tiu im nh trn trc tng ng
vi chm tia ti.
Tiu im vt: Chm tia ti ( hay ng
ko di ca n) qua tiu im vt trn trc
s cho chm tia l song song vi trc
3. Tiu c, t ca thu knh l g ? n
v ca tiu c v t ?
3. Tiu c: Khong cch f t quang tm
n cc tiu im chnh gi l tiu im
chnh gi l tiu c ca thu knh.
'
F O f =
- Thu knh hi t <=> f >0
- Thu knh phn k <=> f < 0
t ca thu knh l i lng o bng
nghch o ca tiu c. K hiu D.
D = 1/f
n v: Tiu c: m; t: ip (dp)
4. Chn pht biu ng vi vt tht t
trc thu knh
A. Thu knh hi t lun to chm tia l
hi t.
4. Chn B.
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 77 -
B. Thu knh phn k lun to chm tia l
phn k.
C. nh ca vt to bi thu knh khng
th bng vt.
D. C ba pht biu A, B, C u sai.
5. Mt vt sng t trc mt thu knh,
trn trc chnh. nh ca vt to bi thu
knh bng ba ln vt.
Di vt li gn thu knh mt on. nh
ca vt v tr mi vn bng ba ln vt.
C th kt lun g v loi thu knh ?
A. Thu knh l hi t.
B. Thu knh l phn k.
C. Hai loi thu knh u ph hp.
D. Khng th kt lun c, v gi thit
hai nh bng nhau l v l.
5. Chn A.
6. Tip theo bi 5.
Cho bit on di vt l 12 cm
Tiu c ca thu knh l bao nhiu ?
A. 8cm.
B. 18 cm
C. 20 cm.
D. Mt gi tr khc A, B, C.

6. Ta c:
d
d
AB
B A
k
' ' '
= =
7. Xt thu knh hi t. Ly trn trc
chnh cc im I v I

sao cho OI = 2OF,

OI

= 2OF

(Hnh 29.17). V nh ca vt
AB v nhn xt v c im ca vt trong
mi trng hp sau:
- Vt tht ngoi on OI.
- Vt tht ti I.
- Vt tht trong on FI.
- Vt tht trong on OF.
7. - Vt tht ngoi on OI : nh tht,
ngc chiu, nh hn vt.
- Vt tht ti I: nh tht, ngc chiu,
bng vt.
- Vt tht trong on FI: nh tht, ngc
chiu, bng vt.
- Vt tht trong OF: nh o, cng chiu,
ln hn vt.
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 78 -





8. Ngi ta dng mt thu knh hi t c
t 1dp thu nh ca Mt Trng.
a) V nh.
b) Tnh ng knh ca nh. Cho gc
trng Mt Trng l 33

. Ly 1

= 3.10
-4

rad.
8.
a)






b) Ta c ng knh nh: A

~ f. ~
100.33.3.10
-4
~0,99 cm ~ 1 cm.

10. Mt thu knh hi t c tiu c f = 20
cm. Vt sng AB c t trc thu knh
v c nh A

. Tm v tr ca vt, cho bit

khong cch vt - nh l:
a) 125 cm b) 45 cm.
10. Ta c khong cch vt - nh: AA

=
'
d d +
a) d + d

= 125 v
f d d
1 1 1
'
= + =
20
1

b) d + d

= 45
11. Mt thu knh phn k c t -5dp
a) Tnh tiu c ca knh.
b) Nu vt t cch knh 30 cm th nh
hin ra u v c s phng i bao
nhiu ?

11. a) Ta c: cm m
D
f 20 20 , 0
1
= = =
b) Ta c d

= cm
f d
f d
12
) 20 ( 30
) 20 .( 30 .
=

S phng i nh: k =
5
2
'
=
d
d



12. Trong hnh 29.18, xy l trc chnh ca
thu knh L, A l vt im tht, A

l nh
ca A to bi thu knh.
12.
a) (1), (2) l nh o
b) (1) : thu knh hi t, (2) thu knh
O
F
- -
F

I
- -
I

Hnh 29.17
B
A
) (
) (
A

B

F


O
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 79 -
Vi mi trng hp, hy xc nh:
a) A

l nh tht hay o.
b) Loi thu knh.
c) Cc tiu im chnh (bng php v).











phn k.
c) (1) v (2): + Ni AA

tm O.
+ V thu knh. Dng tia AI
song song vi xy tm














BI 30: GII BI TON V H THU KNH
C1. Chng t rng, vi h hai thu knh
ng trc ghp st nhau ta lun c: d
2
= -
d

1

C1.










V O
1
O
2
nn

O
1
A

1
= A

1
O
2
hay
-
x
y
A

A

-
(1)

x
y
(2)

A

-
A

-
-
x
y
A

A

-
(1)
O
x
y
(2)

A
-
A

-
O
F

AB A
1
B
1
A
2
B
2

L
1

d
1
; d

1
d
2
; d

2
L
2

O
1
O
2

O
1

L
1
L
2

A
B
A

B

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 80 -
2
1
'
d d =
Nhng, nu A

1
B

1
l nh tht i vi L
1

th n l vt i vi L
2
; ngc li nu
A

1
B

1
l nh o i vi L
1
th n l vt
tht i vi L
2
, do : d
2
= - d

1
.

C2. Hy xt trong cc trng hp khc
nhau v thit lp h thc : d
2
= l d

1

Xt trng hp l = 0.
C2. + Trng hp1:








Ta c: A

1
B

1
: nh o => d

1
< 0; A

1
B

1
l
vt tht i vi L
2
nn: d
2
> 0. Do : d
2
=
l + 1
'
d
+ Trng hp 2:








Ta c: A

1
B

1
l nh tht => d

1
> 0; A

1
B

1

l vt o i vi thu knh L
2
=> d
2
< 0.
Do : d
2
= - (d

1
l) = l d

1

Ch :
B

d
2
O
1
O
2

l
A
B
A

B

1
'
d
A
B
O
1

O
2
A

1

B

1
l d
2

d

1
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 81 -
+Vi qui c du v tr i s theo
nguyn tc:
THT <-----> tr s DNG
O <------> tr s M
Th th thc trn lun lun nghim ng
(ngay c khi nh sng o chiu truyn do
phn x)
+ Trong h thc trn th:
- d
2
v d
1
l cc tr s i s;
- l l tr s s hc (khong cch)

BI TP
1. Mt hc sinh b tr th nghim theo s
hnh 30.5






Thu knh phn k L
1
c tiu c f
1
= -10
cm. Khong cch t nh S

1
to bi L
1
n
mn c gi tr no ?
A. 60 cm B. 80cm
C. Mt gi tr khc A, B
D. Khng xc nh c v khng c vt
nn L
1
khng to c nh.


1. Chn B.
Ta c : d
1
nn: d
1

= f
1
= - 10 cm.
Vy khong cch t nh S
1

to bi L
1

n mn l:
a =
'
1
d + l = 10 + 70 = 80 cm.

2. Tip theo cc gi thit cho bi tp 1.
t gia L
1
v H mt thu knh hi t L
2
.
2. Chn C.
S to nh:
'
1
,
2
,
1
2
'
2
1
'
1
S S S
d d d d

L
1

O
1

l = 70cm
H
Mn
Hnh 30.5
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 82 -
Khi x dch L
2
, hc sinh ny nhn thy ch
c mt v tr duy nht ca L
2
to c
im sng ti H.
Tiu c ca L
2
l bao nhiu ?
A. 10cm B. 15 cm
C. 20 cm D. Mt gi tr khc
A,B,C
d

1
= f
1
= -10 cm.
d
2
= a d

1
= l d

2
d

1
(1) (a l khong
cch gia hai thu knh)
2
'
2 2
1 1 1
d d f
+ =
V d
2
= d
2

nn (1): d
2
= 40 cm
=> f
2
= 20 cm.
3. Hai thu knh, mt hi t (f
1
= 20 cm),
mt phn k (f
2
= - 10 cm), c cng trc
chnh. Khong cch hai quang tm l l =
30 cm. Vt AB vung gc vi trc chnh
c t bn tri L
1
v cch L
1
mt on
d
1
.
a) Cho d
1
= 20 cm, hy xc nh v tr v
tnh s phng i nh cui cng cho bi
h hai thu knh. V nh.
b) Tnh d
1
nh sau cng l nh o v
bng hai ln vt.
3. a)







S to nh:
' '
,
'
1
'
1
,
2
2
'
2
1
'
1 1
B A B A AB
L
d d
L
d d

Ta c: d
1
= 20 cm; d

1
=
=

=
20 20
20 . 20
1 1
1 1
f d
f d

=> d

2
= f
2
= -10 cm.
S phng i nh sau cng cho bi h:
k =
1
1
.
1
'
2
2
'
1
1
'
2
2
'
1
1
'
2
2
'

|
|
.
|

\
|
=

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
d
l
d
d
d l
d
d
d
d
d
d
d

v d

1
: k =
2
1
1
2
'
=
d
d

BI 31: MT
C1. Gc trng mt vt l g v ph thuc
vo cc yu t no ? V hnh xc nh gc
trng Mt Trng hoc Mt Tri.

C1.
Gc trng vt: Gi s xt vt AB. Gc
trng vt AB l gc o to bi hai tia sng
xut pht t hai im AB n mt.
A
B
O
1
O
2
F
1

F

1
F

2

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 83 -


- Gc trng vt ph thuc vo:
+ Kch thc vt (khong cch gia hai
im A,B)
+ Khong cch t vt n mt.
V hnh gc trng Mt Trng hoc Mt
Tri.








C2. Hy chng t rng, h ghp (mt cn
+ thu knh phn k) c t nh hn
t ca mt cn.
C2. Xt trng hp h ghp st.
Cng thc tnh t ca h thu knh
ghp st:
D
h
= D
mt
+ D
knh

V D
knh
< 0 nn: D
h
< D
mt
.
CU HI V BI TP
1. Trnh by cu to ca mt v phng
din quang hc.
1. Mt l mt h gm nhiu mi trng
trong sut tip gip nhau bng cc mt
cu. Chit sut ca cc mi trng ny c
gi tr trong khong 1,336 1,437.
T ngoi vo trong mt gm cc b phn
sau:
a) Gic mc (mng gic): Lp mng cng
trong sut c tc dng bo v cho cc
phn t pha trong v lm khc x cc tia
sng truyn vo mt.
b) Thu dch: cht lng trong sut c chit

o
O
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 84 -
sut xp x bng chit sut ca nc.
c) Lng en: mn chn, gia c l trng
iu chnh chm sng i vo trong mt.
L trng ny cn gi l con ngui. Con
ngui c ng knh thay i t ng tu
theo cng sng.
d) Th thu tinh: khi c trong sut
(ging nh thch) c hnh dng thu knh
hai mt li.
e) Dch thy tinh: cht lng ging cht
keo long, lp y nhn cu pha sau th
thu tinh.
f) Mng li (vng mc): lp mng ti
tp trung u cc si thn kinh th gic.
2. Trnh by cc hot ng v c im
sau ca mt:
- iu tit; - im cc vin.
- im cc cn; - Khong nhn r.
2. iu tit l hot ng ca mt lm thay
i tiu c ca mt cho nh ca cc vt
cch mt nhng khong cch khc nhau
vn c to ra mng li.
- im cc vin C
V
: Khi mt khng iu
tit, im xa nht trn trc ca mt m nh
c to ra ngay ti mng li.
i vi mt khng c tt, im cc vin
xa v cng.
- im cc cn C
c
: Khi mt iu tit ti
a, im gn nht trn trc ca mt m
nh cn c to ra ngay ti mng li.
- Khong nhn r: Khong cch gia im
cc vin v im cc cn (C
v
C
c
).
3. Nu cc c im v cch khc phc
i vi:
- Mt cn; - Mt vin; - Mt lo.
C phi ngi ln tui th b vin th
3. a)Mt cn:
c im:
- Mt cn c t ln hn t ca mt
bnh thng. Mt chm tia sng song
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 85 -
khng ?
Gii thch.


song truyn n mt cn s cho chm tia
l hi t ti mt im trc mng li.
f
max
< OV
- im cc cn C
c
gn mt hn so vi mt
bnh thng.
- im cc vin C
v
ca mt cn cch mt
mt khong khng ln (c 2m tr li,
khong cch ny ph thuc vo mt cn
nng hay nh).
Cch khc phc:
- eo thu knh phn k c t thch hp
mt c th nhn r vt v cc m
khng phi iu tit (cch ny ph bin)
- Phu thut gic mc lm thay i
cong b mt gic mc.
b) Mt vin:
c im:
- Mt vin c t nh hn t ca mt
bnh thng. Mt chm tia sng song
song truyn n mt vin s cho chm tia
l hi t ti mt im sau mng li.
f
max
> OV
- im cc cn C
c
xa mt hn bnh
thng.
- Ngi vin th iu tit mt (gim tiu
c) c th nhn thy c cc vt xa.
Cch khc phc:
- eo thu knh hi t c t thch hp
c th nhn r cc vt gn mt nh
mt bnh thng. iu c ngha l nh
o ca vt to bi knh nm im cc
cn ca mt vin. nh ny l nh o i
V O
C
v
F

A
B
A

B

A

B

O
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 86 -
vi knh, nm xa mt hn so vi vt.
- eo knh nh vy khi mt nhn cc vt
xa v cc cng iu tit hn (so vi
khi khng eo).

4. Nng sut phn li ca mt l g ? 4. Nng sut phn li ca mt l gc trng
b nht m mt cn phn bit c hai
im.
5. Trnh by s lu nh ca mt v cc
ng dng.
5. Hin tung lu nh ca mt:
Tc ng ca nh sng ln mng li cn
tn ti khong 1/10 giy sau khi nh sng
tt.
ng dng: Nh hin tng lu nh m
mt nhn thy cc nh trn mn nh chiu
phim, trn mn hnh tivi chuyn ng.

Cu to thu gn ca mt v phng din
quang hc c biu din nh s Hnh
31.11:
O : quang tm ca mt;
V : im vng trn mn li;
f : tiu c ca mt.







Qui c t:
(1) : Mt bnh thng v gi;
(2): Mt cn; (3) : Mt vin.

O
V
Hnh 31.11
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 87 -
Hy chn p n ng cho cc bi tp t
s 6 n s 8.

6. Mt loi no c im cc vin C
v
v
cc ?
A. (1) B.(2)
C. (3) D. (1) v (3)

6. Chn A.
7. Mt loi no c f
max
> OV ?
A. (1) B. (2)
C. (3) D. Khng loi no.
7. Chn C.
8. Mt loi no phi eo knh hi t ?
A. (1) B. (2)
C. (3) D. (1) v (3)
8. Chn D.
9. Mt ca mt ngi c im cc vin C
v

cch mt 50 cm.
a) Mt ngi ny b tt g ?
b) Mun nhn thy vt v cc khng
iu tit ngi phi eo knh c t
bao nhiu? (knh eo st mt)
c) im C
c
cch mt 10 cm. Khi eo knh,
mt nhn thy im gn nht cch mt bao
nhiu? (Knh eo st mt).
9. a) Ta c C
v
tht, cch mt hu hn nn
ngui ny b tt cn th.
b) Mun nhn c cc vt xa v cc
m khng iu tit, ngi ny phi eo
thu knh phn k c t l: f
k
= - OC
v
=
- 50cm => D
k
= -2 dp.
c) Ta c:
cc
d d
cm
C C
'
,

d

= - OC
cc
= - 10cm.
=>
) 40 (
) 50 ).( 10 ( .
'

=

=
f d
f d
d = 12,5 cm.
10. Mt mt bnh thng v gi, khi iu
tit ti a th tng t ca mt thm 1
dp.
a) Xc nh im cc cn v cc vin.
b) Tnh t ca thu knh phi eo (cch
mt 2 cm) mt nhn thy mt vt cch
mt 25 cm khng iu tit.
10. Mt bnh thng v gi (mt lo) c
im cc vin v cc C
v
:
Ta c: cm f OC
f OC
c
c
100
1 1
= = =
b) Khi eo knh mt nhn thy nh ca
mt vt cch mt 25cm khng cn phi
iu tit nn nh ca vt qua knh phi
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 88 -
hin v cc. d

-> .
Ta c: cm f
f f d
k
k k
23
1
2 25
1 1 1
= =

=
=> D = 1/f
k
= 1/43 dp
BI 32: KNH LP
C1. S bi gic ph thuc nhng yu t
no ?
C1. S ph thuc nhng yu t:
- Yu t thuc v vt: ln, v tr;
- Yu t thuc v knh: tiu c.
- Yu t thuc v mt: cc im cc cn
C
c
; cc vin C
v
.
C2. Hy thit lp cng thc ca s bi
gic khi ngm chng im cc cn.
C2.






Nu gi l lag khong cch t mt n thu
knh v d

l khong cch t nh n knh

(d

< 0). Ta c:
tano =
l d
B A
+
'
' '

G =
l d
D
k
l d
D
AB
B A
l d
B A
+
=
+
=
+
=
' '
' '
'
' '
0
.
AB
D
tan
tan
o
o

Khi ngi quan st ngm chng im
cc cn th :
'
d +l =
Do : G = k

A
B
A

B

O o
A

B

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 89 -
CU HI V BI TP
1. Cc dng c quang hc b tr cho mt
c tc dng to nh ra sao ? nh ngha s
b gic.
1. Cc dng c quang hc b tr cho mt
c tc dng to nh vi gc trng ln hn
gc trng vt nhiu ln. i lng c
trng cho tc dng ny gi l s b gic.
- nh ngha s bi gic: T s gia gc
trng nh qua dng c quang () vi gc
trng trc tip vt (
0
)

0
l gc trng vt c gi tr ln nht c
xc nh trong tng trng hp.
-i vi knh lp, knh hin vi
0
l gc
trng trc tip vt khi t vt im cc
cn ca mt.
2. Knh lp c cu to nh th no ? 2. Knh lp c cu to bi mt thu
knh hi t (hay mt h ghp tng ng
vi thu knh hi t) c tiu c nh (vi
xentimet).
3. V ng truyn ca chm tia sng ng
vi mt ngm chng knh lp v cc.
Vit cng thc s bi gic ca knh lp
trong trng hp ny.

3.
f
OC
G
c
=

V s tia sng trong trng hp mt
ngm chng knh lp v cc tr li
cu hi ca bi tp 4 v 5 di y.
4. Yu t no k sau khng nh hng n
4. Chn A.
B

O A
B
F
B


Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 90 -
gi tr s bi gic ?
A. Kch thc ca vt.
B. c im ca mt.
C. c im ca knh lp.
D. Khng c (cc yu t A, B, C, u nh
hng).
5. Tip theo bi tp 4.
Cch thc hin no sau y vn cho php
tip tc ngm chng v cc ?
A. Di vt.
B. Di thu knh.
C. Di mt.
D. Khng c cch no.
5. Chn C.
6. Mt hc sinh cn th c cc im C
c
, C
v

cch mt ln lt 10cm v 90 cm. Hc
sinh ny dng knh lp c t +10 dp
quan st mt vt nh. Mt t st sau
knh.
a) Vt phi t trong khong no trc
knh ?
b) Mt hc sinh khc, c mt khng b tt,
ngm chng knh lp ni trn v cc.
Cho OC
c
= 25 cm. Tnh s bi gic.
6. a) Khong t vt.
- Ngm chng cc cn:
Ta c: d

Cc
= -10cm => d
Cc
= =
f d
f d
'
'
.
5cm
- Ngm chng cc vin: d

Cv
= -90cm
=> d
Cv
= 9 cm.
Vy khong phi t vt l khong: 5 cm
s s d 9 cm
b) S bi gic: = =

f
OC
G
c
2,5

BI 33: KNH HIM VI
C1. Ti sao phi kp vt gia hai bn thu
tinh mng khi quan st vt bng knh hin
vi ?
C1. Phi kp vt gia hai bn thu tinh
mng khi quan st vt bng knh hin vi
l vt nm trong mt mt phng. Mi
chi tit ca vt iu lt vo khong
1
d A ,do
c nh thy c bi mt.
C2. Da vo hnh 33.5, hy thit lp h
thc:
C2.

- -
o
B
o
F
1

O
1

F

1
F
2

A

1

O
2

l
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 91 -
2 1
G k G =

Ta c:
0
tan
tan
o
o
=

G
tano =
2
1
'
1
'
f
B A
v tan
0
o =
c
OC
AB

Vy:
2 1
2
1
'
1
'
. G k
f
OC
AB
B A
G
c
= =

Nhng:
1
1
'
1
'
1
'
1
'
f OI
B A
AB
B A o
= =
Vy:
2 1
.
f f
OC
G
c
o
=

CU HI V BI TP
1. Nu cng dng v cu to ca knh hin
vi.
1. Cng dng: Knh hin vi l dng c
quang hc b tr cho mt quan st
nhng vt nh, bng cch to nh c gc
trng ln.
Cu to: gm hai b phn chnh:
Vt knh L
1
: l mt thu knh hi t c
tiu c rt nh (c milimt)
Th knh L
2
l mt knh lp dng quan
st nh ca vt to bi vt knh.
Hai b phn chnh ny c gn hai u
mt ng hnh tr sao cho trc chnh ca
chng trng nhau v khong cch gia
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 92 -
chng O
1
O
2
= l khng i.
2. Nu c im tiu c ca vt knh v
th knh ca knh hin vi.
2. Vt knh c tiu c rt nh (c
milimt)
Th knh c tiu c nh (vi xentimt).
3. Mun iu chnh knh hin vi, ta thc
hin ra sao ? Khong x dch khi iu
chnh knh hin vi c gi tr nh th no ?
3. Mun iu chnh knh ngi ta thay i
khong cch d
1
gia vt v vt knh bng
cch a ton b ng knh ln xung.
- Khong xe dch thng ht sc nh,
khong vi chc micromt.
4. V ng truyn ca chm tia sng ng
vi mt ngm chng knh hin vi v
cc.
4.








5. Vit cng thc s bi gic ca knh
hin vi khi mt ngm chng v cc.

5.
2 1
2 1
.
.
f f
D
G k G
o
= =

1
k s phng i nh to bi vt knh.
G
2
s bi gic ca th knh ngm chng
v cc.

Xt cc tnh cht k sau ca nh to bi
thu knh:
(1): Tht (2): o.
(3) Cng chiu vi vt.
(4) Ngc chiu vi vt; (5): Ln hn
vt.
Hy chn p n ng cc bi tp 6, 7








- - o

B
o

F
1

O
1

F

1
F
2

A

1

O
2

2
H. 33.5
l
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 93 -
v 8 di y.
6. Vt knh ca knh hin vi to nh c cc
tnh cht no ?
A. (1) + (3). B. (2) + (4).
C. (1) + (4) + (5). D. (2) + (4) +
(5).

6. Chn C.
7. Th knh ca knh hin vi to nh c cc
tnh cht no ?
A. (1) + (4). B. (2) + (4).
C. (1) + (3) + (5). D. (2) + (3) + (5).
7. Chn D.
8. Khi quan st mt vt nh th nh ca
vt to bi knh hin vi c cc tnh cht
no ?
A. (1) + (5). B. (2) + (4).
C. (1) + (3) + (5). D. (2) + (4) + (5).
8. Chn D.
9.Mt knh hin vi c cc tiu c vt knh
v th knh l f
1
= 1 cm, f
2
= 4 cm. di
quang hc ca knh l 16 cm. Ngi quan
st c mt khng b tt v c khong cc
cn OC
c
= 20 cm. Ngi ny ngm chng
v cc.
a) Tnh s bi gic ca nh.
b) Nng sut phn li ca mt ngi quan
st l 2

. Tnh khong cch ngn nht gia

hai im ca vt m mt ngi quan st
cn phn bit c nh.
9. a) S bi gic ca nh:
. 80
4 . 1
20 . 16
.
.
2 1
cm
f f
D
G = = =

o

b) Khong cch ngn nht gia hai im
ca vt m mt ngi cn phn bit c
nh.
- mt phn bit c hai im A, B
qua knh th mt phi phan bit c hai
nh A

2
, B

2
. Mun vy:
min
o o > =>tan
min
tano >
min
o ~
Vi tan =
2
1
'
1
'
f
B A
.
Mt khc: AB
f
B A
f AB
B A
.
'
1
1
'
1
'
1
1
'
1
o o
= =
=> tan =
2 1
.
f f
AB o

Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 94 -
Vy:
2 1
.
f f
AB o
min
o >
o
o
2 1 min
. f f
AB > =






BI 34: KNH THIN VN
C1. Ti sao khi iu chnh knh thin vn,
ta khng phi di ton b knh nh vi
knh hin vi ?
C1. Vt l thin th v cc nn nh
trung gian lun c to ra tiu din nh
c nh so vi vt nn ta ch cn di chuyn
th knh.

CU HI V BI TP
1. Nu cng dng v cu to ca knh
thin vn.
1. Knh thin vn l dng c quang hc b
tr cho mt, c tc dng to nh c gc
trng ln i vi nhng vt rt xa (cc
thin th).
- Knh thin vn gm hai b phn chnh:
+ Vt knh L
1
l mt thu knh hi t c
tiu c ln (c th n hng chc mt)
+ Th knh L
2
l mt knh lp quan st
nh to bi vt knh.
2. V ng truyn ca chm tia sng qua
knh thin vn ngm chng v cc.
2.







- -
o
B
o
F
1

O
1

F

1
F
2

A

1

O
2


B

2
H. 33.5
l
O
1
O
2
L
1
2
'
B
f
1
f
2
F
2
F

1

B

1
( )
A
( )
B
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 95 -

3. Vit cng thc v s bi gic ca knh
thin vn ngm chng v cc.

3.
2
1
f
f
G =

4. Gii thch ti sao tiu c vt knh ca
knh thin vn phi ln.
4. Khi nhn cc thin th xa, mun tng
gc trng th trc ht phi to c mt
nh tht ca n v tr gn nh vt knh v
vy vt knh phi c tiu c ln.

t f
1
v f
2
ln lt l tiu c ca vt knh
v th knh ca knh thin vn.
Xt cc biu thc:
(1). f
1
+ f
2
.
(2).
2
1
f
f
(3).
1
2
f
f

Hy chn p n ng cc bi tp 5 v 6
di y.

5. S bi gic ca knh thin vn ngm
chng v cc c biu thc no ?
A. (1). B. (2).
C. (3). D. Biu thc khc.
5. Chn B.
6. Khong cch gia vt knh v th knh
ca knh thin vn ngm chng v cc
c biu thc no ?
A. (1). B. (2).
C. (3). D. Biu thc khc.
6. Chn A.
7. Vt knh ca mt knh thin vn dng
trng hc c tiu c f
1
= 1,2 m. Th knh
l mt thu knh hi t c tiu c f
2
= 4
cm.
Tnh khong cch gia hai knh v s bi
gic ca knh thin vn khi ngm chng
7. Khong cch gia hai knh: O
1
O
2
= f
1
+
f
2
= 1,24 m.
. 30
04 , 0
2 , 1
2
1
= = =

f
f
G
Ti liu h tr t hc
TAT TQT
- 96 -
v cc.