Tng hp ng php ting Anh nha mi ngi.

Mt khi hc ting Anh, bn s thng xuyn gp nhng thut ng ny. hc tt vn phm ting Anh, chng ta cn phi hiu c nhng khi nim c bn ny. Nu bn khng th nh ht mt ln, hy thng xuyn xem li trang ny m bo mnh c c s vng chc trc khi tin xa hn. Danh sch ny ch bn lm quen khi qut. phn khc s c nhng bi cp chi tit v tng mc c th. Adjective (vit tt: adj) = Tnh t - l t ch tnh cht, dng b ngha cho danh t, i t. Th d: cao, thp, gi, tr, mc, r Adverb (vit tt: adv) = Trng t : dng b ngha cho ng t hoc c cu. Th d: mt cch nhanh chng, hm qua, ngy mai Article = Mo t : ng trc danh t. Trong ting Vit khng c t loi ny nn bn cn phi lm quen k t loi ny v chng c dng rt rt rt nhiu v a s ngi hc ting Anh khng phi u bit dng ng, ngay c ngi hc lu nm. Mo t c hai loi: mo t xc nh v mo t bt nh. Indefinite article = Mo t bt nh: c 2 t l A v AN Definite article = Mo t xc nh: c duy nht 1 t THE A ng trc danh t bt u bng ph m. Th d: A CAR (mt chic xe hi) AN ng trc danh t bt u bng nguyn m Th d: AN APPLE (mt tri to) Nguyn m: l m bt u vi a, e, i, o, u Ph m: l m vi ch bt u khc vi nhng m trn y Ngoi l: C khi mt ch c ch ci ng u l ph m nhng l ph m cm nn ch vn c coi l bt u vi m nguyn m. Th d: Hour c m H cm c nh Our v vy khi dng mo t bt nh phi l: AN HOUR Auxiliary verb = Tr ng t: l nhng ng t gm BE, DO, HAVE, c dng vi mt ng t chnh to ra nhng cu trc vn phm nh: th, b ng cch, th nghi vn, th ph nh. BE, DO, HAVE s c th thay i hnh thc ty theo ch ng. Clause = Mnh : l t hp c ch ng v v ng nhng phi i km mt mnh khc ph hp v ngha to thnh mt cu c ngha. Conditional clause = Mnh iu kin: l mnh bt u bng t NU, TR KHI. Dng din t mt s kin, tnh trng trong tng lai, hin ti hoc qu kh, c th c tht hoc c th khng c tht. Infinitive = ng t nguyn mu . ng t nguyn mu khng c TO ng trc gi l BARE INFINITIVE, c TO ng trc th c khi gi l TO INFINITIVE. Nu bn c trong tay Bng ng T Bt Quy Tc (mua ngoi nh sch gi khong 5000), bn s thy c 3 ct, l: ng t nguyn mu khng c TO, dng QU KH ca ng t , dng QU KH HON THNH ca ng t . Khi hc xu hn, bn s

hiu v ct th 2 v 3. Mi bt u, bn ch cn hc dng nguyn mu ca tng ng t trc, sau , chng ta s bn v cch bin i ng t t cu. Trong ting Vit, ng t khng bao gi thay i hnh thc ca n. Trong ting Anh, ty theo ch ng, ty theo thi gian, ty theo cu trcng t phi thay i hnh thc tng ng. Tuy nhin, tt c u c quy lut h thng, do , bn ng qu lo, chng ta s i tng bc mt. Modal verb = ng t khim khuyt: Gm c tt c l : CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, OUGHT TO, SHALL, SHOULD, WILL, WOULD. ng t khim khuyt lun ng trc ng t nguyn mu khng c TO din t mt dng ngha nht nh, nh: KH NNG, CHO PHP/XIN PHP, BN PHN, KH NNG hoc TNH CHC CHN. Noun = Danh t: T ch tn gi ca s vt, s vic, tnh trng. Ta c danh t c th, danh t tru tng, danh t s t, danh t s nhiu. Cch xc nh danh t m c hay khng trong ting Vit l ta hy thm s trc n v xem n nghe c ng khng. V d: mt ngi: ng nhng mt tin: sai. Vy ngi l danh t m c v tin l danh t khng m c. Trong ting Anh cng c th p dng cch ny, tr mt s ngoi l sau ny bn s bit. Object = Tn ng: L t i sau ng t, b ngha cho ng t. Mt cu thng c 3 phn: CH NG + NG T + TN NG. Th d: TI N CM (Ti: ch ng, n: ng t v cm: tn ng). Active voice = Th Ch ng: L cu trc vn phm ta dng thng thng, khi ch ng l tc nhn gy ra hnh ng. Th d: Ti cn con ch. Passive voice = Th B ng : L cu trc vn phm khi ch ng l i tng chu nh hng ca hnh ng do tc nhn khc gy ra. Th d: Ti b ch cn. Preposition = Gii t: L t gii thiu thng tin v ni chn, thi gian, phng hng, kiu cch. Th d: trn, di, trong ngoii khi gii t i sau ng t to nn mt ngha mi v trong trng hp nh vy, ta phi hc thuc lng v khng c quy tc chung no c. Pronoun = i t: l t c th dng thay th danh t khng phi lp li danh t no . Tuy nhin c 2 i t khng thay th ai ht, l hai i t nhn xng I v YOU. i t c cc loi: i t nhn xng (ti, anh, ch y, c y), i t s hu v i t ch nh. Ch c hai loi i t sau cng khng c t loi tng ng trong ting Vit. Do , bn cn lm quen vi chng t nay v sau. Relative clause = Mnh quan h: L mnh bt u bng WHO, WHERE, WHICH, WHOSE, hoc THAT. Dng xc nh hoc a thm thng tin. Mnh ny c dng tng ng trong ting Vit nhng khng phi lc no cng dng c, trong khi ting Anh, dng mnh ny dng thng xuyn. Th d: Anh y l mt ngi n ng m mi c gi u mun c ly lm chng. Mnh m mi c gi u mun c ly lm chng a thm thng tin v ngi n ng. Subject = Ch ng : Thng ng u cu, c th l danh t, i t hoc c mt cm t. Ch ng l trung tm ca s ch trong mt cu. Tense = Th: L hnh thc vn phm khng c trong ting Vit. Trong ting Anh,

mt hnh ng c xy ra lc no s c t cu vi th tng ng. Hnh thc ca ng t khng ch thay i ty theo ch ng m cn thay i ty theo thi gian hnh ng xy ra. y l khi nim xa l vi ting Vit, do bn cn ch . Ta c 9 th: 1.Th hin ti n 2.Th hin ti tip din 3.Th hin ti hon thnh 4.Th qu kh n 5.Th qu kh tip din 6.Th qu kh hon thnh 7.Th tng lai n 8.Th tng lai tip din 9.Th tng lai hon thnh Trong phn khc, tng th s c gii thch chi tit. Verb (vit tt: V) = ng t: L t ch hnh ng, hoc tnh trng, hoc qu trnh. C 2 loi: ni ng t v ngoi ng t Transitive = Ngoi ng t: l ng t c tn ng i theo sau Intransitive = Ni ng t: l ng t khng c tn ng i theo sau d nh, hy ngh ngoi l bn ngoi, vy ngoi ng t cn c mt tn ng bn ngoi i km theo sau. T c th suy ra ngc li cho ni ng t. __________________
Trng THPT Marie Curie, Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Blog Phim Khoa Hc

#2 10-10-2009, 01:54 AM

i t nhn xng
i t nhn xng l nhng t dng xng h trong giao tip. Ngi th nht thuc v ngi ni, ngi th hai thuc v ngi nghe, ngi th ba thuc v ngi hoc con vt hoc vt m ngi ni v ngi nghe cp ti. i t nhn xng c lm ch ng nn c th gi chng l i t ch ng. NGI Ting Anh Phin m quc t Ngi th nht s t: TI I /ai/ Ngi th nht s nhiu :CHNG TI, CHNG TA WE /wi:/ Ngi th hai s t : ANH, CH, BN, NG, B... YOU /ju:/ Ngi th hai s nhiu : CC ANH, CC CH, CC BN... YOU /ju:/ Ngi th ba s t: ANH Y HE /hi:/

Ngi th ba s t: CH Y SHE /i:/ Ngi th ba s t: N IT/it/ Ngi th ba s nhiu: H, CHNG N, TI N... THEY /ei/ * Lu : - Khi mun ku ngi no t xa, NG BAO GI ku "YOU, YOU" v nh vy l rt rt bt lch s. Nu ngi l nam, c th ku MR, n, c th ku MRS, hoc MISS. - "IT" ch dng cho con vt, vt, s vt hoc danh t tru tng, khng bao gi dng ch ngi. Trong ting Vit, ta c th dng "N" ch ngi th ba no . Trong trng hp ny, trong ting Anh, ch c th dch "N" thnh "HE' hoc "SHE" ty theo gii tnh. __________________

Trng THPT Marie Curie, Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Blog Phim Khoa Hc

Nguyn Th Thu An

Tnh t s hu
Mt tnh t s hu l t ng trc danh t cho bit rng danh t l ca ai. nhc li bi trc, trong bng sau, ta s c 3 ct: i t nhn xng, tnh t s hu tng ng vi tng i t nhn xng v phin m quc t ca tnh t nhn xng : i t nhn xngTnh T S Hu Phin m Quc T Ti: I MY: ca ti /mai/ Chng ti WE OUR: ca chng ti, ca chng ta /'au/ Bn: YOU YOUR: ca bn /j:/ Cc bn: YOU YOUR: ca cc bn /j:/ Anh y: HE HIS: ca anhy /hiz/ C y: SHE HER: ca cy/h:/ N: IT ITS: ca n /its/ H, chng n: THEY THEIR: ca h, ca chng /e/ Th d: "CAR" l "xe hi", "MY CAR" l "xe hi ca ti". "HOUSE" l "nh", "HIS HOUSE" l "nh ca anh y . __________________
Trng THPT Marie Curie, Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Blog Phim Khoa Hc

Nguyn Th Thu An Xem h s

Mo t xc nh THE
L t loi duy nht trong ting Anh ch c 1 t. Ngay c nhiu ngi hc ting Anh lu nm cng khng phi lc no cng dng ng mo t THE. Mo t xc nh THE thng c dng sai, hoc khng dng khi cn dng. Trong khi , y l mt t khng th khng bit v tnh quan trng v cn thit ca n. Mt ngi bn x khng th m ming ra ni qu 10 cu ting Anh m khng dng n mo t THE no.

Nh vy, ta phi dng mo t xc nh THE nh th no v khi no ? *THE lun ng trc danh t. VD: THE SUN = mt tri THE MOON = mt trng * Khi THE ng trc mt s tnh t, tnh t c bin thnh mt danh t ni v mt tng lp, mt th loi lin quan n tnh t . (bn khng th ly bt c tnh t no rp v, nhng tnh t c dng theo kiu ny c hn) VD: THE RICH = nhng ngi giu THE POOR = nhng ngi ngho THE WEAK = nhng k yu * Dng THE trc bt c mt danh t no khi ngi ni v ngi nghe u bit v danh t ang c ni ti. VD: PAY HIM BACK THE MONEY YOU BORROWED FROM HIM = Hy tr li cho n s tin anh mn n! (Ngi ni bit v s tin ny mi ni ra cu ny v ngi nghe cng bit n s tin ny v anh ta mn ca 1 ngi th 3) * Dng THE trc nhng danh t thng thng c xem l duy nht, khng c ci th hai. VD: The sun = mt tri, the moon = mt trng, the sea = bin, the sky = bu tri... * Dng THE trc s th t: VD: I am the first person to come here today. (Hm nay, ti l ngi u tin n y ) * Dng THE trc mt danh t khi mnh mun ni cho r rng ci mun ni l danh t ch khng phi danh t khc. I AM THE ONE WHO SAVED YOU = Ti chnh l ci ngi cu bn. Nh vy, chng ta KHNG dng mo t THE khi no? * KHNG dng THE khi danh t c tip theo sau bng mt ch s hoc ch ci. VD: The Chicago train is about to depart from track 5. Her flight leaves from gate 32.

He fell asleep on page 816 of "War and Peace". She is staying in room 689. * Khng dng THE khi c ng ng t i trc mt trong nhng danh t bed(ging), church(nh th), court(ta n), hospital(bnh vin), prison(nh t), school(trng hc), college(trng i hc), university(trng i hc) nu nh ch ng s dng nhng ni ng nh chc nng ca n VD: Nu ti n trng hc l hc, tc l ng vi chc nng ca trng hc, vy ti khng cn dng THE trc danh t SCHOOL : I MUST GO TO SCHOOL NOW !(By gi ti phi i hc ri!) * Trong nhiu thnh ng, THE khng c dng. Cng hc chng ta s cng bit nhiu hn v mo t THE ny. Trc mt bn c th an tm s dng THE sau bi hc ny. __________________
Trng THPT Marie Curie, Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Blog Phim Khoa Hc

Nguyn Th Thu An

Cu hi OR vi ng t TO BE
y l cu hi cng bt u bng ng t TO BE nhng khng th tr li bng YES hay NO.

* CNG THC CU HI OR VI NG T TO BE: TO BE + Ch ng + B ng 1 + OR + B ng 2 ? - Lu : + B ng c th l tnh t, danh t, trng t, trng ng - VD: + ARE YOU HUNGRY OR ANGRY? = Bn ang i hay ang gin? + ARE YOU A DENTIST OR A DOCTOR? = Anh l nha s hay l bc s? * CCH TR LI CU HI OR VI NG T TO BE: Ch ng + TO BE + B ng 1 hoc B ng 2 (ngi tr li phi chn 1 trong 2) -VD: + ARE YOU HUNGRY OR ANGRY?

Tr li: I AM ANGRY. (nuang gin) I AM HUNGRY. (nu ang i) + ARE YOU A DENTIST OR A DOCTOR? Tr li: I AM A DENTIST. (nu l nha s) I AM A DOCTOR. (nu l bc s) __________________

Trng THPT Marie Curie, Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Blog Phim Khoa Hc

Tng lai vi GOING TO

din t hnh ng trong tng lai, ta hc th tng lai n. Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp, ta cn dng cu trc TO BE + GOING TO. Trong bi ny, ta s hc cng thc v cch dng cu trc rt ph bin ny. * Cng thc th khng nh: Ch ng + TO BE + GOING TO + ng t nguyn mu + B ng. - Lu : + TO BE phi c chia tng ng vi ch ng (AM hay IS hay ARE) + GOING TO trong vn ni c rt gn thnh GONNA - Th d: + I AM GOING TO SEE HER TONIGHT. = Ti nay ti s gp c y. + SHE IS GOING TO MAD AT ME. = C ta s rt gin ti. + IT IS GOING TO RAIN. = Tri s ma y. + Cn phn bit TO + GOING TO + ng t nguyn mu vi th hin ti tip din TO BE + ng t nguyn mu thm ING. I AM GOING TO GO TO SCHOOL = Ti s i hc.( Tng lai vi GOING TO) I AM GOING TO SCHOOL = Ti ang i hc (Th hin ti tip din) * Cng thc th ph nh: Ch ng + TO BE + NOT + GOING TO + ng t nguyn mu + B ng. - Lu :

+ TO BE phi chia ng theo ch ng. + TO BE + NOT c th vit tt (xem li bi v ng t TO BE nu cn) + GOING TO c th rt gn thnh GONNA trong vn ni. - Th d: + I AM NOT GOING TO HELP HIM = Ti s khng gip n. + THEY ARE NOT GOING TO LISTEN TO ME. = H s khng nghe ti ni u. * Cng thc th nghi vn: TO BE + Ch ng + GOING TO + ng t nguyn mu + B ng ? - Lu : + TO BE chia tng ng vi ch ng. + GOING TO c th rt gn thnh GONNA trong vn ni. + C th thm t WH trc TO BE trong cng thc trn to ra cu hi WH. - Th d: + ARE YOU GOING TO BE BACK BEFORE 10pm? = Bn c v trc 10 gi ti khng? + WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO TONIGHT? = Ti nay bn s lm g? * Khi no ta dng cu trc GOING TO: - Khi mun din t k hoch, d nh cho tng lai m ta c sn ri. ( th tng lai n vi WILL, ngi ni ra quyt nh s lm ngay khi ni) + WE ARE GOING TO CELEBRATE HIS BIRTHDAY THIS WEEKEND. = Chng ta s t chc n mng sinh nht ca cu y vo cui tun ny. - Khi mun tin on mt hnh ng s xy ra da trn bng chng trong hin ti (Th tng lai n d on mang tnh ch quan hn, khng da vo bng chng c th, chc chn nh Tng lai vi GOING TO) + LOOK AT THOSE CLOUDS! IT IS GOING TO RAIN. = Nhn nhng m my ka. Tri s ma y. __________________
Trng THPT Marie Curie, Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Blog Phim Khoa Hc

i t tn ng, i t phn thn

i t tn ng cng l i t nhn xng nhng chng khng c lm ch ng m

ch c lm tn ng hay b ng. i t phn thn l i t c bit phi dng khi ch ng v b ng l mt. i t tn ng i t ch ngi t tn ng I ME-YOU-YOU WE-US THEY-THEM HE-HIM SHE-HER IT-IT * Th d: + YOU KNOW ME. = Anh bit ti. (YOU l ch ng, ME l tn ng) + I DISLIKE HIM = Ti khng thch anh ta. + I LOVE HER = Ti yu c y i t phn thn i t ch ngi t phn thn I-MYSELF WE-OURSELVES YOU (s t) YOURSELF YOU (s nhiu) YOURSELVES THEY-THEMSELVES HE-HIMSELF SHE-HERSELF IT-ITSELF * Th d: - I'LL DO IT MYSELF. = Ti s t mnh lm - I CUT MYSELF WHEN I SHAVED THIS MORNING. = Ti t lm try da mt mnh khi co ru sng nay. - THAT MAN IS TALKING TO HIMSELF. IS HE INSANE? = Ngi n ng ang t ni chuyn mt mnh. ng ta c b tm thn khng? - HE SHOT HIMSELF. = Anh y t bn mnh ( t vn). __________________

Trng THPT Marie Curie, Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Blog Phim Khoa Hc

Cc cch din t quan h s hu

din t quan h s hu, ta hc tnh t s hu v i t s hu. Tuy nhin, nhiu khi quan h s hu khng n gin ch l gia cc i t nhn xng v danh t m n cn c th l gia ng danh t v danh t. Bi ny s ch cho bn thm cc cch cn li din t quan h s hu. Ngoi cch dng tnh t s hu din t quan h s hu, ta cn c cc cch sau: * Cch th nht: DNG OF - OF c ngha l CA khi c dng din t quan h s hu. (trong ting Vit, c th khng cn vit CA cng c th hiu c, nhng trong ting Anh phi c OF) - Khi dng OF th danh t "b" s hu ng u ri n OF ri mi n danh t ch s hu - Ta thng dng OF din t quan h s hu khi danh t "b" s hu l danh t tru tng - Th d: + THE BEGINNING OF THE MOVIE = phn u ca b phim (phn u b phim) + THE SIZE OF THE PORTRAIT = Kch thc ca tm chn dung.

* Cch th hai: khng cn dng g c, ch cn sp xp hai danh t cnh nhau - Ta dng cch sp xp hai danh t cnh nhau din t quan h s hu khi c hai danh t ny u l danh t c th. - din t quan h s hu theo cch ny th th t sp xp danh t rt quan trng: DANH T CH S HU NG TRC DANH T "B" S HU. - Th d: + THE CAR RADIO = My radio ca xe hi + THE TREE TRUNK = Thn ca cy (thn cy) * Cch th ba: dng S Hu Cch vi 'S - Ta bit 'S c th l vit tt ca IS hoc HAS. Gi y ta cn bit thm 'S ngay sau mt danh t c khi khng phi l dng vit tt ca ai m n l mt phng cch din t quan h s hu gia hai (ng) danh t. - Cch dng 'S din t quan h s hu: + Thng thng, ta chn cch dng 'S din t quan h s hu khi hai (ng) danh t ni v ngi hoc con vt. Tuy nhin, 'S c th dng cho s vt khi n c nhn cch ha (ta coi n nh con ngi) hoc cho cc n v thi gian hoc trong nhng cu thnh ng. + Th d: THE BOY'S HAT = ci nn ca thng nh PETER'S CAR = Xe hi ca Peter THE EARTH'S SURFACE = B mt ca tri t A DAY'S WORK = Cng vic ca mt ngy - Vi iu cn lu : + Khi dng 'S, ta phi theo th t sau: Danh t lm ch s hu'S + Danh t b s hu + Nu danh t lm ch s hu l mt ng danh t di cng khng sao, c thm 'S ngay sau ch cui cng trong ng danh t , v d: MY SISTER-IN-LAW'S CHILDREN = Nhng ngi con ca ch du ti (hoc em du ti v sister c th l ch gi hoc em gi, brother c th l anh trai hoc em trai) + Nu bn thn danh t lm ch s hu tn cng bng S ri th ta ch cn thm ' ng sau n thi, khi thm S.

THE STUDENTS' BOOKS = nhng cun sch ca cc sinh vin/hc sinh THE SMITHS' HOUSE = Cn nh ca gia nh h SMITH. DICKENS' NOVELS = Nhng cun tiu thuyt ca ng DICKENS (tn ng ta c S ng sau) __________________
Trng THPT Marie Curie, Trng THPT Bi Th Xun, Blog Phim Khoa Hc

TH HIN TI N VI NG T THNG
y l mt trong nhng th c dng nhiu nht trong cuc sng hng ngy. Khi hc xong th ny, bn s c thm kin thc ng php t cu. t c cng nhiu cu, bn cng phi bit nhiu ng t. Bn ch cn nh ng t dng nguyn mu ca n. Khi ch ng thay i, ng t s phi thay i cho ph hp v thay i nh th no, bi ny s ch cho bn cc quy tc cn bit. ng t thng loi tr ng t TO BE v ng t khim khuyt. Mt ln na, khi hc th no ta lun xem xt cng thc ca n 3 th: khngnh, ph nh v nghi vn. * Cng thc th khng nh: Ch ng + ng t ph hp + B ng -Lu : + ng t ph hp phi dng tng ng vi Ch ng. + Khi ch ng l I, WE, YOU, THEY hoc khi ch ng l mt danh t, ng danh t, ng i t s nhiu: TA DNG DNG NGUYN MU CA NG T. + Khi ch ng l HE, SHE, IT hoc l bt c danh t s t no , TA THM S HOC ES NGAY SAU NG T. + Khi no thm S, khi no thm ES sau ng t? Ta c quy tc rt d nh nh sau: + NG T TN CNG L CH, O, S, SH, X, Z TH TA THM ES. V d: WATCH -->HE WATCHES... GO --> SHE GOES... DO --> HE DOES... MISS -- SHE MISSES... WASH --> HE WASHES... MIX --> SHE MIXES... DOZE --> HE DOZES... + KHI NG T TN CNG BNG Y, TA I Y THNH I RI THM ES: FLY --> IT FLIES... + TT C CC NG T CN LI, TA THM S. - Th d: + I LIKE ICE-CREAM = Ti thch kem. + YOU ALWAYS GET UP LATE. = Bn lun lun dy tr. + THEY SING KARAOKE EVERY SUNDAY. = H ht karaoke mi ch nht. + SHE LOVES DURIANS = C y m mn su ring. + HE AND I SING VERY WELL. = Anh ta v ti ht rt hay. + THAT DOG BARKS ALL DAY LONG. = Con ch sa ti ngy.

+ SHE CRIES WHEN SHE MISSES HER HOMETOWN. = C y khc khi nh nh. - Ngoi l: HAVE --> HAS I HAVE... YOU HAVE.. SHE HAS... * Cng thc th ph nh: Ch ng + DO hoc DOES + NOT + ng t nguyn mu + B ng - Lu : + Khi ch ng l I, WE, YOU, THEY hoc khi ch ng l danh t, ng danh t s nhiu, ta dng DO. + Khi ch ng l HE, SHE, IT hoc bt c danh t s t no, ta dng DOES + DO NOT vit tt l DON'T + DOES NOT vit tt l DOESN'T + Thng thng, khi ni, ta dng dng vit tt, dng y dnh khi mun nhn mnh. - Th d: + I DON'T LIKE HIM = Ti khng thch anh ta. + YOU DON'T UNDERSTAND THE MATTER = Bn khng hiu vn y. + SHE DOESN'T RESPECT OLD PEOPLE JUST PEOPLE THEY ARE OLD = C ta khng knh trng ngi ln tui ch v h ln tui. + THAT DOG BARKS ALL DAY LONG BECAUSE IT DOESN'T WANT TO BE CHAINED. = Con ch sa sut ngy bi v n khng mun b xch li. * Cng thc th nghi vn: DO hoc DOES + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu + B ng ? - Lu : + Dng DO khi ch ng l I, WE, YOU, THEY hoc bt c danh t, ng danh t s nhiu no. + Dng DOES khi ch ng l HE, SHE, IT hoc bt c danh t, ng danh t s t no. - Th d: + DO YOU LIKE COFFEE? = Bn c thch c ph khng? + DOES SHE LIKE ME? C y c thch ti khng? + DO THEY KNOW THEY DISTURB OTHER PEOPLE WHEN THEY SING KARAOKE TOO LOUD? = Khi h ht karaoke qu ln, h c bit rng h lm phin ngi khc khng? * Khi no dng th hin ti n: - Khi cn din t mt hnh ng chung chung, thng lp i lp li trong hin ti. - Khi ni v mt d kin khoa hc hoc mt chn l lun lun ng (mt tri mc hng ng) - Khi a ra ch dn (n ng t, quo tri). - Khi ni v mt s vic din ra theo thi kha biu nht nh - Khi ni v mt thi quen trong hin ti - VD: + The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. = Mt tri mc hngng v ln hng Ty. + You walk down this street and turn left at the second crossroads. = Bn i ng ny v r tri ng t th hai. + The bus leaves at 8 o'clock. = Xe but khi hnh lc 8 gi + I always go to bed before 12. = Ti lun i ng trc 12 gi. * Nhng trng t thng dng trong th hin ti n: NEVER = khng bao gi

SOMETIMES = thnh thong OFTEN = thng USUALLY = thng (mc thng cao hn OFTEN) ALWAYS = lun lun EVERY DAY = mi ngy (c th thay DAY bng MONTH (thng), WEEK (tun), YEAR (nm)...) * 3 Loi cu hi vi th hin ti n ca ng t thng: - Cu hi YES - NO: + Cu trc : ging nh th nghi vn trn y. + Cch tr li: Nu tr li YES: YES, Ch ng + DO hoc DOES (ty theo ch ng, quy tc trn c cp) Nu tr li NO: NO, Ch ng + DO NOT hoc DOES NOT (ty theo ch ng, quy tc trn c cp) + Th d: DO YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT I SAID? = Bn c hiu iu ti va ni khng? Tr li YES: ---> YES, I DO. Tr li NO: ---> NO, I DON'T. - Cu hi OR: + Cu trc: DO hoc DOES + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu + B ng 1 + OR + B ng 2 + B ng 3 (nu c)? + Cch tr li: Ch ng + ng t ph hp + B ng 1 hoc 2 hoc 3 (ty theo ngi tr li) Lu : ng t ph hp l phi c chia tng ng theo ch ng, phn trn y c gii thc. Ta c th rt ngn cu tr li bng cch b ch ng v ng t, ch tr li vi b ng 1 hoc 2 hoc 3... + Th d: Hi: DO YOU LIKE COFFE OR TEA? = Bn thch c ph hay tr? Tr li: I LIKE COFFEE. (nu thch c ph) --------> Cch tr li gn hn: COFFEE. Tr li: I LIKE COFFEE (nu thch tr) ---------------> Cch tr li gn hn: TEA. - Cu hi WH: + Cu trc: T WH + DO hoc DOES + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c) ? + Cch tr li: theo ni dung cu hi, cng thc ging nh cng thc th khng nh trn. + Th d: Hi: WHY DO YOU DISLIKE HIM? = Ti sao bn ght anh ta? Tr li: BECAUSE HE IS ARROGANT. =Ti v anh ta kiu cng. __________________