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N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V TI 1.1 TNG QUAN V TI 1.1.1 GII THIU TI Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca cc ngnh khoa hc k thut, cng ngh k thut in t m trong l k thut t ng iu khin ng vai tr quan trng trong mi lnh vc khoa hc k thut, qun l, cng nghip, cung cp thng tin ... Do l mt sinh vin chuyn ngnh in t chng ta phi bit nm bt v vn dng n mt cch c hiu qu nhm gp phn vo s pht trin nn khoa hc k thut th gii ni chung v trong s pht trin k thut in t ni ring. Bn cnh cn l s thc y s pht trin ca nn kinh t nc nh. Nh chng ta cng bit, gn nh cc thit b t ng trong nh my, trong i sng ca cc gia nh ngy nay u hot ng c lp vi nhau, mi thit b c mt quy trnh s dng khc nhau tu thuc vo s thit lp, ci t ca ngi s dng. Chng cha c mt s lin kt no vi nhau v mt d liu. Nhng i vi h thng iu khin thit b t xa thng qua tin nhn SMS th li khc. y, cc thit b iu khin t ng c kt ni vi nhau thnh mt h thng hon chnh qua mt mt thit b trung tm v c th giao tip vi nhau v mt d liu. in hnh ca mt h thng iu khin thit b trong nh t xa thng qua in thoi di ng gm c cc thit b n gin nh bng n, qut my, l si n cc thit b tinh vi, phc tp nh tivi, my git, h thng bo ng . Ngha l tt c cc thit b ny c th giao tip vi nhau v mt d liu thng qua mt u no trung tm. u no trung tm y c th l mt my vi tnh hon chnh hoc c th l mt b x l c lp trnh sn tt c cc chng trnh iu khin. Bnh thng, cc thit b trong ngi nh ny c th c iu khin t xa thng qua cc tin nhn ca ch nh. Chng hn nh vic tt qut, n in khi ngi ch nh qun cha tt trc khi ra khi nh. Hay ch vi mt tin nhn SMS, mt cuc in thoi, ngi ch nh c th bt my iu ha lm mt phng trc khi v nh trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. Bn cnh n cng gi thng bo cho

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ngi iu khin bit khi c ngi l t nhp vo nh thng qua h thng bo ng dng cm bin pht hin chuyn ng PIR gi qua tin nhn SMS. Ngoi ra, h thng cn mang tnh bo mt. Ngha l ch c ch nh hay ngi bit mt khu ca ngi nh th mi iu khin c ngi nh ny. T nhng yu cu thc t, nhng i hi ngy cng cao ca cuc sng, cng vi s hp tc, pht trin mnh m ca mng di ng nn chng em chn ti NGI Nh Thng Minh p ng c nhu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi v gp phn vo s tin b, vn minh, hin i ca nc nh. 1.1.2 NGHA CA TI Ngy nay cng vi s tin b ca khoa hc k thut, cc thit b in t ra i ngy cng nhiu v chng loi cng nh tnh nng s dng. Bn cnh nhu cu s dng cc thit b mt cch t ng ngy cng cao, con ngi ngy cng mun c nhiu thit b gii tr cng nh cc thit b sinh hot vi k thut v cng ngh ngy cng cao. C th Vit nam cha pht trin mnh m trong lnh ny nhng hin nay trn th gii, nht l cc quc gia thuc Chu u hay M th m hnh ngi nh t ng c iu khin t xa pht trin rt mnh m. T nhng nhu cu thc t , nhm em mun a mt phn nhng k thut hin i ca th gii p dng vo iu kin thc t trong nc c th to ra mt h thng iu khin thit b trong nh t xa thng qua in thoi di ng nhm p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi. ti ly c s l tin nhn SMS iu khin thit b. Vic s dng tin nhn SMS iu khin thit b c thun li l tit kim chi ph, mang tnh cnh tranh v c ng cao (ngha l ch no c ph sng mng in thoi di ng ta cng c th iu khin thit b c). Ngoi ra, sn phm ca ti ny c tnh m, c th p dng cho nhiu i tng khc nhau trong dn dng cng nh trong cng nghip. 1.1.3 MC CH V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU n c nghin cu, kho st v thc hin vi mc ch p dng nhng kin thc c hc trong nh trng thit k, to ra mt h thng iu khin t ng t xa bng tin nhn SMS hon chnh. H thng tch hp module iu khin gim st trung tm,

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module cng sut cho cc thit b trong nh v v module bo ng (cnh bo) cng cc module tin ch khc. Vi module bo ng th s gi thng tin d liu v b x l trung tm khi c tc ng ca i tng bn ngoi (ngi l t nhp). Qua x l, d liu s c gi v thit b u cui (mobile) ca ngi iu khin bo cho bit c tc ng ca i tng bn ngoi ( ngi l t nhp). Module iu khin gim st c chc nng iu khin v gim st. GII HN TI thc thi mt h thng nh thng minh, iu khin thit b t xa thng qua in thoi di ng p dng cho mt ngi nh hon chnh nh ni trn l rt phc tp v rt tn km. p ng vic iu khin ton b cc thit b ny i hi phi c mt lng thi gian, kin thc nht nh. Bn cnh cn l vn ti chnh. Vi lng thi gian v kin thc c hn, trong ti ny nhm em thc hin ch thc thi mt phn ca h thng hon chnh . l iu khin ng m n, qut qua tin nhn SMS. Ngoi ra cn c chc nng bo ng (cnh bo) khi c ngi l t nhp vo nh v t ng bt n khi tri ti hoc c ngi bc vo nh. Vi nhng g trnh by trn, nhm em tin hnh nghin cu, kho st v thc hin v d kin t c cc mc tiu t ra nh sau: iu khin cc thit b trong nh (c th l iu khin mt thit b cng sut trung bnh) bng tin nhn SMS ti v tr c ph sng ca mng in thoi di ng ang hot ng trong nc nh Viettel, Mobile Phone, Vina Phone T ng gi tin nhn ngc tr li cho ngi iu khin, vi ni dung tin nhn cha thng tin hot ng ca thit b (on/off). Ngoi ra, h thng cn c chc nng t ng bo ng bng cch gi mt tin nhn SMS ti ngi iu khin khi c ngi l t nhp.

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1.2 C S L LUN 1.2.1 TNH HNH NGHIN CU TRONG NC V NGOI NC 1.2.1.1 Ngoi nc Hin nay trn th gii, vic s dng tin nhn SMS iu khin thit b t xa khng cn vn mi m na v c nghin cu v p dng vo thc t trong cc nh my x nghip. K thut ny c ra i vo cui thng 8/2000, khi c n 6.3 triu GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) c s dng ti South Africa. Theo thng k th tng s ngi dng GSM vo nm 2005 c d on l 11 triu ngi ch tnh ring South Africa. Hin ti c 49 mng GSM ti Africa vi s pht trin gh ghm hn na trong tng lai. K thut GSM c kh nng truyn tin wireless vi phm vi rt rng ln v m bo tin cy cao. Chnh v vy, ngi dng c th gi tin nhn SMS iu khin thit b t xa mang li hiu qu cao. Ngi dng ch cn s dng in thoi di ng ca mnh (bt c loi hoc thng hiu) Theo di v kim sot nhng ng dng trong cng nghip v nng nghip. Nhng h thng c iu hin bi SMS (SMS Control Systems) th ch cn iu khin thng qua vic gi nhn tin nhn SMS. iu ny c ngha l vic iu khin c phm vi rt xa. H thng iu khin bng tin nhn SMS c thit k iu khin nhng thit b v ng dng : My mc nh xng. H thng x l nc thi. Nng nghip thy li. L si, p lnh, my iu ha.

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1.2.1.2 Trong nc phm vi trong nc, trc khi thc hin ti ny th cng c nhm nghin cu v ti iu khin thit b bng SMS nhng nghin cu y v mt h thng iu khin thit b in bng tin nhn SMS dng Module Sim300CZ th theo em tm hiu trn google v cc ti liu khc th cha c. Tuy nhin, vn c nhng nghin cu pht trin, ng dng lm nn tng cho ti ny c thc hin. Chng hn nh ti nghin cu: iu khin thit b t xa qua tin nhn SMS bng my tnh ca tc gi Nguyn Trng Kin v Phm Vn Nam, sinh vin trng H S Phm K Thut nm 2008. Trong ti ny, hai tc gi Nguyn Trng Kin v Phm Vn Nam s dng yu t chnh l my tnh giao tip vi in thoi bng dy cp USB Modem iu khin cc thit b in, in t trong nh chng hn nh iu khin, gim st v cho hin th c hnh nh thng qua camera v cc tnh nng khc. Tc gi nghin cu v cho i vo cc ng dng nh: tm hiu cc vn v truyn d liu, cc giao thc truyn thng, giao tip, phn mm iu khin. H thng thit k giao din iu khin trn my bng cch giao tip in thoi vi my tnh qua USB Modem. H thng c s khi nh hnh sau:

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N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Vi h thng nh trn, tc gi khai thc, ng dng rt tt s pht trin ca mng di ng vo trong thc t. Song, theo kin ch quan th ti ny vn cn mt s thiu st cn khc phc chng hn nh: h thng trn ch ng dng cho nhng a im, v tr no c lp t my tnh hay c dng laptop nhng rt cng knh, phc tp v trong qu trnh thc thi h thng th ngoi vic giao din phn mm xy dng hot ng n nh th phi lun m bo c giao tip ng b gia my tnh vi in thoi. Nu h thng khng duy tr c nhng yu t trn th s khng thc thi c qu trnh iu khin thit b in trong nh. Bn cnh ti nu trn cn c mt s ti khc cp n vn iu khin thit b t xa khc, nhng cha c ti no s dng tin nhn SMS iu khin thit b dng Module Sim300CZ. Tuy nhin, cc ti i trc to nn tng cho vic pht trin tng iu khin thit b t xa qua tin nhn SMS. Tm li, vic nghin cu s dng tin nhn SMS iu khin thit b hin nay ti Vit Nam ang cn rt mi m v cha i vo thc tin ng dng nhiu. Hu ht cc nghin cu u l nghin cu t pht ca c nhn nhng ngi hay nhm ngi mun tm hiu v cng ngh ny, vn cha phi l mt hot ng nghin cu mang tnh chuyn nghip c th a vo ng dng. Mc d vy vic nghin cu vn c nhng nhen nhm khi tp on in lc EVN s dng cng ngh nhn tin SMS iu khin my ct thng

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qua Modem in thoi ca h. c tnh 70 triu thu bao di ng Vit Nam nm 2009 khi m ba i gia di ng ca Vit Nam l VinaPhone, MobiFone v Viettel u tng trng rt nng vi s lng thu bao mi ngy pht trin c ln ti hng trm ngn thu bao. Dch v v SMS cng tng ln rt mnh. iu ny l mt li th cho vic nghin cu v pht trin cc ng dng trong iu khin t ng ha. 1.2.2 TNG THIT K Dng mng in thoi di ng ca cc nh cung cp dch v nh Viettel, Mobiphone, Vinaphone, S-Fone gi tin nhn SMS iu khin cc thit b v c th nhn d liu p ng li t cc thit b cho bit tnh trng hot ng ON/OFF ca cc thit b v gi d liu bo ng cho ngi iu khin.

1.2.3 CNG CHI TIT NGHIN CU ti ny c thc hin gm 3 phn: PHN A: GII THIU, gii thiu mt cch khi qut v ti. PHN B: NI DUNG, gm 5 chng. Chng 1: Tng quan v ti, nu ln nhng vn hin nay c lin quan n ti, tm quan trng ca vn v hng gii quyt vn . C s l lun, trnh by tng qut cng nghin cu, cc phng php, cch thc nghin cu v k hoch thc hin ti. Chng 2: Gii thiu tng qut v Module Sim300CZ, tp lnh AT Command, tng qut v tin nhn SMS, tng qut v cng ngh GSM. Chng 3: Gii thiu tng qut v Vi iu khin PIC16F877A, kho st s chn, t chc b chc, hot ng Timer, hot ng port ni tip, hot ng ngt, truyn thng ni tip, chuyn i ADC... Chng 4: Thit k v thi cng mch Chng 5: Kt lun v hng pht trin ca ti PHN C: PH LC

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1.2.4 PHNG PHP NGHIN CU Trong ti ny nhm em s dng cc phng php nghin cu: - Phng php tham kho ti liu: bng cch thu thp thng tin t sch, tp ch v in t v truy cp t mng internet. - Phng php quan st: kho st mt s mch in thc t ang c trn th trng v tham kho thm mt s dng mch t mng Internet. - Phng php thc nghim: t nhng tng v kin thc vn c ca mnh kt hp vi s hng dn ca gio vin, nhm em lp rp th nghim nhiu dng mch khc nhau t chn lc nhng mch in ti u. Vi ti ny, nhm em da vo sch gio khoa v nhng kin thc c trang b trong qu trnh hc tp cng vi s tr gip ca my tnh v nhng thng tin trn mng Internet. Ngoi ra, cn c nhng thit b tr gip trong qu trnh thit k mch do nhm em t trang b. CHNG 2 GII THIU MODULE SIM900, TP LNH AT cho SIM900, TIN NHN SMS, CNG NGH GSM 2.1 TNG QUT V TIN NHN SMS 2.1.1 GII THIU V SMS SMS l t vit tt ca Short Message Service. l mt cng ngh cho php gi v nhn cc tn nhn gia cc in thoi vi nhau. SMS xut hin u tin Chu u vo nm 1992. thi im , n bao gm c cc chun v GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). Mt thi gian sau , n pht trin sang cng ngh wireless nh CDMA v TDMA. Cc chun GSM v SMS c ngun gc pht trin bi ETSI. ETSI l ch vit tt ca European Telecommunications Standards Institute. Ngy nay th 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) ang gi vai tr kim sot v s pht trin v duy tr cc chun GSM v SMS. Nh ni trn v tn y ca SMS l Short Message Service, t cm t , c th thy c l d liu c th c lu gi bi mt tin nhn SMS l rt gii hn. Mt tin

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nhn SMS c th cha ti a l 140 byte (1120 bit) d liu. V vy, mt tin nhn SMS ch c th cha : + 160 k t nu nh m ha k t 7 bit c s dng (m ha k t 7 bit th ph hp vi m ha cc l t latin chng hn nh cc l t alphabet ca ting Anh). + 70 k t nu nh m ha k t 16 bit Unicode UCS2 c s dng (cc tin nhn SMS khng cha cc k t latin nh k t ch Trung Quc phi s dng m ha k t 16 bit). Tin nhn SMS dng text h tr nhiu ngn ng khc nhau. N c th hot ng tt vi nhiu ngn ng m c h tr m Unicode , bao gm c Arabic, Trung Quc, Nht bn v Hn Quc.Bn cnh gi tin nhn dng text th tin nhn SMS cn c th mang cc d liu dng binary. N cn cho php gi nhc chung, hnh nh cng nhiu tin ch khc ti mt in thoi khc. Mt trong nhng u im ni tri ca SMS l n c h tr bi cc in thoi c s dng GSM hon ton. Hu ht tt c cc tin ch cng thm gm c dch v gi tin nhn gi r c cung cp, s dng thng qua sng mang wireless. Khng ging nh SMS, cc cng ngh mobile nh WAP v mobile Java th khng c h tr trn nhiu model in thoi. S dng tin nhn SMS ngy cng pht trin v tr ln rng khp : Cc tin nhn SMS c th c gi v c ti bt k thi im no. Ngy nay, hu ht mi ngi u c in thoi di ng ca ring mnh v mang n theo ngi hu nh c ngy. Vi mt in thoi di ng , bn c th gi v c cc tin nhn SMS bt c lc no bn mun, s khng gp kh khn g khi bn ang trong vn phng hay trn xe bus hay nh Tin nhn SMS c th c gi ti cc in thoi m tt ngun. Nu nh khng chc cho mt cuc gi no th bn c th gi mt tin nhn SMS n bn ca bn thm ch khi ngi tt ngun my in thoi trong lc bn gi tin nhn . H thng SMS ca mng in thoi s lu tr tin nhn ri sau gi n ti ngi bn khi in thoi ca ngi bn ny m ngun. Cc tin nhn SMS t gy phin phc trong khi bn vn c th gi lin lc vi ngi khc

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Vic c v vit cc tin nhn SMS khng gy ra n o. Trong khi , bn phi chy ra ngoi khi rp ht, th vin hay mt ni no thc hin mt cuc in thoi hay tr li mt cuc gi. Bn khng cn phi lm nh vy nu nh tin nhn SMS c s dng. Cc in thoi di ng v chng c th c thay i gia cc sng mang Wireless khc nhau. Tin nhn SMS l mt cng ngh rt thnh cng v trng thnh. Tt c cc in thoi mobile ngy nay u c h tr n. Bn khng ch c th trao i cc tin nhn SMS i vi ngi s dng mobile cng mt nh cung cp dch v mng sng mang wireless, m ng thi bn cng c th trao i n vi ngi s dng khc cc nh cung cp dch v khc. SMS l mt cng ngh ph hp vi cc ng dng Wireless s dng cng vi n. Ni nh vy l do: Th nht, tin nhn SMS c h tr 100% bi cc in thoi c s dng cng ngh GSM. Xy dng cc ng dng wireless trn nn cng ngh SMS c th pht huy ti a nhng ng dng c th dnh cho ngi s dng. Th hai, cc tin nhn SMS cn tng thch vi vic mang cc d liu binary bn cnh gi cc text. N c th c s dng gi nhc chung, hnh nh, hot ha Th ba, tin nhn SMS h tr vic chi tr cc dch v trc tuyn. 2.2 .L thuyt v SIM900 Hnh 1.8. Hnh nh Sim 900 Hnh 1.9.

2.1.3 TIN NHN SMS CHUI / TIN NHN SMS DI Mt trong nhng tr ngi ca cng ngh SMS l tin nhn SMS ch c th mang mt lng gii hn cc d liu. khc phc tr ngi ny, mt m rng ca n gi l SMS chui (hay SMS di) ra i. Mt tin nhn SMS dng text di c th cha nhiu hn 160 k t theo chun dng trong ting Anh. C cu hot ng c bn SMS chui lm vic nh sau: in thoi di ng ca ngi gi s chia tin nhn di ra thnh nhiu phn nh v sau

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gi cc phn nh ny nh mt tin nhn SMS n. Khi cc tin nhn SMS ny c gi ti ch hon ton th n s c kt hp li vi nhau trn my di ng ca ngi nhn. Kh khn ca SMS chui l n t c h tr nhiu so vi SMS cc thit b c s dng sng wireless. 2.1.4 SMS CENTER/SMSC Mt SMS Center (SMSC) l ni chu trch nhim lun chuyn cc hot ng lin quan ti SMS ca mt mng wireless. Khi mt tin nhn SMS c gi i t mt in thoi di ng th trc tin n s c gi ti mt trung tm SMS. Sau , trung tm SMS ny s chuyn tin nhn ny ti ch (ngi nhn). Mt tin nhn SMS c th phi i qua nhiu hn mt thc th mng (netwok) (chng hn nh SMSC v SMS gateway) trc khi i ti ch thc s ca n. Nhim v duy nht ca mt SMSC l lun chuyn cc tin nhn SMS v iu chnh qu trnh ny cho ng vi chu trnh ca n. Nu nh my in thoi ca ngi nhn khng trng thi nhn (bt ngun) trong lc gi th SMSC s lu tr tin nhn ny. V khi my in thoi ca ngi nhn m ngun th n s gi tin nhn ny ti ngi nhn. Thng th mt SMSC s hat ng mt cch chuyn dng chuyn lu thng SMS ca mt mng wireless. H thng vn hnh mng lun lun qun l SMSC ca ring n v v tr ca chng bn trong h thng mng wireless. Tuy nhin h thng vn hnh mng s s dng mt SMSC th ba c v tr bn ngoi ca h thng mng wireless. Bn phi bit a ch SMSC ca h thng vn hnh mng wireless s dng, tinh chnh chc nng tin nhn SMS trn in thoi ca bn. in hnh mt a ch SMSC l mt s in thoi thng thng hnh thc, khun mu quc t. Mt in thoi nn c mt thc n chn la cu hnh a ch SMSC. Thng thng th a ch c iu chnh li trong th SIM bi h thng mng wireless. iu ny c ngha l bn khng cn phi lm bt c thay i no c.

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2.1.5 NHN TIN SMS QUC T Cc tin nhn SMS gia cc nh iu hnh c chia ra lm hai hng mc gm tin nhn SMS gia cc nh iu hnh cc b v tin nhn SMS gia cc nh iu hnh quc t vi nhau. Tin nhn SMS gia cc nh iu hnh cc b l tin nhn m c gi gia cc nh iu hnh trog cng mt quc gia cn tin nhn SMS gia cc nh iu hnh quc t l tin nhn SMS c gi gia cc nh iu hnh mng wireless nhng quc gia khc nhau. Thng th chi ph gi mt tin nhn SMS quc t th cao hn so vi gi trong nc. V chi ph gi tin nhn trong ni mng th t hn so vi gi cho mng khc trong cng mt quc gia <= chi ph cho vic gi tin nhn SMS quc t. Kh nng kt hp ca tin nhn SMS gia hai mng wireless cc b hay thm ch l quc t l mt nhn t chnh gp phn ti s pht trin mnh m ca h thng SMS ton cu. 2.2 TNG QUT V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM 2.2.1 GII THIU V CNG NGH GSM GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) l h thng thng tin di ng s ton cu, l cng ngh khng dy thuc th h 2G(second generation) c cu trc mng t bo, cung cp dch v truyn ging ni v chuyn giao d liu cht lng cao vi cc bng tn khc nhau: 400Mhz, 900Mhz, 1800Mhz v 1900Mhz, c tiu chun Vin thng Chu u (ETSI) quy nh. GSM l mt h thng c cu trc m nn hon ton khng ph thuc vo phn cng, ngi ta c th mua thit b t nhiu hng khc nhau. Do n hu nh c mt khp mi ni trn th gii nn khi cc nh cung cp dch v thc hin vic k kt roaming vi nhau nh m thu bao GSM c th d dng s dng my in thoi GSM ca mnh bt c ni u. Mt thun li to ln ca cng ngh GSM l ngoi vic truyn m thanh vi cht lng cao cn cho php thu bao s dng cc cch giao tip khc r tin hn l tin nhn SMS. Ngoi ra to thun li cho cc nh cung cp dch v th cng ngh GSM c xy

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dng trn c s h thng m nn n d dng kt ni cc thit b khc nhau t cc nh cung cp thit b khc nhau. N cho php nh cung cp dch v a ra tnh nng roaming cho thu bao ca mnh vi cc mng khc trn ton th gii. V cng ngh GSM cng pht trin thm cc tnh nng truyn d liu nh GPRS v sau ny truyn vi tc cao hn s dng EDGE. GSM hin chim 85% th trng di ng vi 2,5 t thu bao ti 218 quc gia v vng lnh th. Cc mng thng tin di ng GSM cho php c th roaming vi nhau do nhng my in thoi di ng GSM ca cc mng GSM khc nhau c th s dng c nhiu ni trn th gii. 2.2.2 C IM CA CNG NGH GSM - Cho php gi v nhn nhng mu tin nhn vn bn bng k t di n 126 k t. - Cho php chuyn giao v nhn d liu, FAX gia cc mng GSM vi tc hin hnh ln n 9.600 bps. - Tnh ph sng cao: Cng ngh GSM khng ch cho php chuyn giao trong ton mng m cn chuyn giao gia cc mng GSM trn ton cu m khng c mt s thay i, iu chnh no. y l mt tnh nng ni bt nht ca cng ngh GSM(dch v roaming). - S dng cng ngh phn chia theo thi gian TDM (Time division multiplexing ) chia ra 8 knh full rate hay 16 knh haft rate. - Cng sut pht ca my in thoi c gii hn ti a l 2 watts i vi bng tn GSM 850/900Mhz v ti a l 1 watts i vi bng tn GSM 1800/1900Mhz. - Mng GSM s dng 2 kiu m ho m thanh nn tn hiu m thanh 3,1khz l m ho 6 v 13kbps gi l Full rate (13kbps) v haft rate (6kbps). 2.2.3 CU TRC CA MNG GSM 2.2.3.1 Cu trc tng qut

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Hnh 2.1 Cu trc ca cng ngh GSM H thng GSM c chia thnh nhiu h thng con nh sau: Phn h chuyn mch NSS (Network Switching Subsystem). Phn h trm gc BSS (Base Station Subsystem). Phn h bo dng v khai thc OSS (Operation Subsystem). Trm di ng MS (Mobile Station).

2.2.3.2 Cc thnh phn ca cng ngh mng GSM

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Hnh 2.2 Cc thnh phn mng GSM 2.2.4 S PHT TRIN CA CNG NGH GSM VIT NAM Cng ngh GSM vo Vit Nam t nm 1993. Hin, ba nh cung cp di ng cng ngh GSM ln nht ca Vit Nam l VinaPhone, MobiFone v Viettel Mobile, cng l nhng nh cung cp chim th phn nhiu nht trn th trng vi s lng thu bao mi tng chng mt trong thi gian va qua. Hin nay c n hn 85% ngi dng hin nay ang l khch hng ca cc nh cung cp dch v theo cng ngh GSM. Cho ti thi im ny, th trng thng tin di ng ca Vit Nam c khong 70 triu thu bao di ng. Khi m ba i gia di ng ca Vit Nam l VinaPhone, MobiFone v Viettel u tng trng rt nng vi s lng thu bao mi ngy pht trin c ln ti hng trm ngn thu bao. 2.3 GII THIU MODULE SIM300CZ, TP LNH AT COMMAND. 2.3.1 GII THIU MODULE SIM300CZ Cc modem c s dng t nhng ngy u ca s ra i my tnh. T Modem l mt t c hnh thnh t hai t modulator v demodulator. V nh ngha c trng ny cng gip ta hnh dung c phn no l thit b ny s lm ci g. D liu s th n t mt DTE, thit b d liu u cui c iu ch theo ci cch m n c th c truyn d liu qua cc ng dy truyn dn. mt mt khc ca ng dy, mt modem khc th hai iu ch d liu n v xc tin, duy tr n. Cc modem ngy xa ch tng thch cho vic gi nhn d liu. thit lp mt kt ni th mt thit b th hai nh mt dialer th c cn n. i khi kt ni cng c thit lp bng tay bng cch quay s in thoi tng ng v mt khi modem c bt th kt ni coi nh c thc thi. Cc my tnh loi nh cc nm 70 thm nhp vo th trng

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l cc gia nh, cng vi chi ph th s thiu ht v kin thc k thut tr thnh mt vn nan gii Mt modem GSM l mt modem wireless, n lm vic cng vi mt mng wireless GSM. Mt modem wireless th cng hot ng ging nh mt modem quay s. im khc nhau chnh y l modem quay s th truyn v nhn d liu thng qua mt ng dy in thoi c nh trong khi mt modem wireless th vic gi nhn d liu thng qua sng. Ging nh mt in thoi di ng GSM , mt modem GSM yu cu 1 th sim vi mt mng wireless hot ng. Module Sim300CZ l mt trong nhng loi modem GSM. Nhng Module Sim300CZ oc nng cao hn c tc truyn d liu nhanh hn. N s dng cng ngh GSM/GPRS hot ng bng tng EGSM 900Mhz, DCS 1800 Mhz v PCS 1900Mhz, tnh nng GPRS ca Sim 300CZ c nhiu lp 8 lp in dung 10 lp in dung V h tr GPRS theo dang th m ha CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 v CS-4 2.3.2 C IM CA MODULE SIM300CZ. Ngun cung cp khong 3,4 4,5V Ngun lu tr Bng tn EGSM 900Mhz, DCS 1800 Mhz v PCS 1900Mhz, Sim300CZ c th t ng tm kim cc bng tn Ph hp vi GSM Pha 2/2+ Loi GSM l loi MS nh Kt ni GPRS GPRS c nhiu rnh loi 8 ( la chn ) GPRS c nhiu rnh loi 10 ( t ng ) Gii hn nhit : Bnh thng -300C ti +700C

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Hn ch : - 350C ti -300C v +700C ti +800C Nhit bo qun: -450C ti 850C D liu GPRS: GPRS d liu ti xung: Max 85.6 kbps GPRS d liu p ln: Max 42.8 kbps S m ha: CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 v CS-4

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Sim 300 CZ h tr giao thc PAP ,kiu s dng kt ni PPP Sim 300CZ tch hp giao thc TCP/IP Chp nhn thng tin c iu chnh rng ri 8.CSD: Tc truyn dn CSD: 2; 4; 8; 9; 6; 14 KPPS H tr USSD 9.SMS: MT, MO, CB, Text and PDU mode B nh SMS: Sim, card 10. FAX: Nhm 3 loi 1 11.Sim card: H tr sim card: 1,8v ; 3v 12. Anten ngoi: Kt ni thng qua anten ngoi 500km hoc anten 13. m thanh: Dng m ha m thanh. Mc ch (ETS 06.20) Ton b ch (ETS 06.10) Ton b ch tng cng (ETS 06.50/ 06.06/ 06.80) Loi b ting di 14.Giao tip ni tip v s ghp ni: Cng ni tip: 7 Cng ni tip( ghp ni)

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Cng kt ni c th Sd vi CSD Fax, GPRS v gi lnh ATCommand ti mudule iu khin Cng ni tip c th Sd chc nng giao tip H tr tc truyn 1200 BPS ti 115200 BPS Cng hiu chnh li: 2 cng ni tip TXD v RXD Cng hiu chnh li ch s dng sa li 15. Qun l danh sch: H tr mu danh sch: SM, FD, LD, RC,ON, MC 16. Sim Application toolkit: H tr SAT loi GSM 11,14 bn 99 17. ng h thi gian thc: Ngi ci t 18. Times function: Lp trnh thng qua AT Command 19. c tnh vt l (c im): Kch tht 500.15 x 330.15 x7.70.3mm Nng 13.8 kg 20. Chng trnh hon thin: Bng phi hp: Coding scheme CS 1 CS 2 CS 3 CS 4 1.Time & lot 9. oskbps 13.4 kbps 15.6 kbps 21.4 kbps 2. Tome slot 18.1 kbps 26.8 kbps 31.2 kbps 42.8 kbps 4. Time slot 36. 2 kbps 53.6 kbps 62.4 kbps 85.6 kbps

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Hnh 2.3 Module Sim300CZ

2.3.3 KHO ST S CHN V CHC NNG TNG CHN


S1 15 14 11 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 V C C -E X T V R TC VC H G D C D D TR R XD TXD R TS C TS R I D B G -R X D D B G -T X D 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 25 33 27 29 31 S IM -V C C S IM -P R E S E N C E S IM -R S T S IM -D A T A S IM -C L K

0 1 2 3 4

0 1 2 3 4

T T T T T

1 3 5 7 9

M IC M IC M IC M IC

1P 1N 2P 2N

54 56 58 60 53 55 57 59 38 40 42 44 46

C C C C C

R R R R R K K K K K B B B B B

B B B B B

K K K K K

V V V V V

B B B B B

A A A A A

S IM 3 0 0 C z
T E M P -B A T N E T L IG H T PW R KEY BU ZZER STATU S G P IO -0 G P IO -1 A D C -0 12 AG N D AG N D G G G G G N N N N N D D D D D

SPK1P SPK1N SPK2P SPK2N

48 50

D IS P -C S D IS P -C L K D IS P -D A T D IS P -D /C D IS P -R S T

2 4 6 8 10

13

17

16

23

51 52

Hnh 2.4 S chn ca Module Sim300CZ

19 21 35

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+ Chn 1, 3,5,7,9: 5 chn ca dip c dnh ring kt ni ti ngun cung cp, ngun cung cp ca Sim300CZ l ngun n VDAT l 3,4 V 4,5 V + Chn 2,4,6,8,10: chn max + Chn 11 (VCHG) : Voltage input for the charge circuit; making the system detect the charger. + Chn 12 (ADC) : Chn vo ca b chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang s + Chn 13 (TEMP-BAT): + Chn 14 ( VRTC): Current input for RTC when the battery is not supplied for the system.Current output for backup battery when the main battery is present and the backup battery is in low voltage state. + Chn 15 (VCC-EXT) :Supply 2.93V voltage for external circuit. Bymeasuring this pin, user can judge whether the system is power on or off. When the voltage is low, the system is power off. Otherwise, the system is power on + Chn 16 ( NETLIGHT): u ra dng ch bo mng kt ni c h thng. + Chn 17 (PWRKEY): chn ny dng iu khin h thng bt/tt + Chn 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 (KBC): bn phm. + Chn 19 (STATUS) : bo trnh trng cng vic. + Chn 21, 35 (GPIO) :Normal input/output port + Chn 23 (BUZZER) : u ra chung + Chn 25 ( SIM VCC) : ngun cung cp cho th sim. + Chn 27 ( SIM RST) :chn reset cho mch sim + Chn 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 ( KBR ):chn kt ni vi bn phm + Chn 29 ( SIM DATA) : u ra d liu chn sim + Chn 31 ( SIM CLK ): chn thi gian ca sim + Chn 33 (SIM PRESENCE ) :chn d tm mng + Chn 37 (DCD): Data carrier detection + Chn 38 (DISP CS): + Chn 40 (DISP CLK) : + Chn 42 (DISP DATA ) :

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+ Chn 44 (DISP D/C ):

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

+ Chn 46 ( DISP RST ): chn ra giao tip vi mng hnh + Chn 39 ( DTR ) : chn u cui d liu + Chn 41 (RXD ) : chn nhn d liu + Chn 43 (TXD ) : chn truyn d liu + Chn 45 ( RTS ) : Request to send + Chn 47 ( CTS ) : Clear to send + Chn 49 ( RI ) : Ring indicator + Chn 48 ( DBG RXD ) : u ra dng iu chnh trong nhn d liu + Chn 50 ( DBG TXD ) : u ra dng iu chnh trong truyn d liu + Chn 51, 51 ( AGND ) : chn max + Chn 53 ( SPK1P), 55 ( SPK1N ) : chn output + Chn 54 ( MIC1P ), 56 ( MIC1N ) : chn input + Chn 57 ( SPK2P ), 59 ( SPK2N) : chn output + Chn 58 ( MIC2P ), 60 ( MIC2N ) :chn input 2.3.4 KHO ST TP LNH AT CA MODULE SIM300CZ Cc modem c s dng t nhng ngy u ca s ra i ca my tnh. T Modem l mt t c hnh thnh t hai t modulator v demodulator. V nh ngha c trng ny cng gip ta hnh dung c phn no l thit b ny s lm ci g. D liu s th n t mt DTE, thit b d liu u cui c iu ch theo ci cch m n c th c truyn d liu qua cc ng dy truyn dn. mt mt khc ca ng dy, mt modem th hai iu ch d liu n v xc tin, duy tr n. Khi chng ta xem trong RS232 port layout th chun RS232 miu t mt knh tryun thng vi b kt ni 25 chn DB25, n c thit k thc thi qu trnh truyn cc lnh n modem c kt ni vi n. Thao tc ny bao gm c cc lnh quay mt s in thoi no . Khng my l cc qu trnh dng RS232 vi chi ph thp ny ch th hin trn cc my tnh cc h gia nh trong nhng nm 70, v knh truyn thng th 2 khng c thc thi. Th nn nht thit phi c mt phng php c thit lp s dng knh

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d liu hin ti khng ch truyn d liu t mt im u cui ny ti mt im u cui khc m n cn nhm ti modem duy nht. Dennis Hayes a ra gii php cho vn ny trong nm 1977. Modem thng minh ( Smartmodem ) ca ng s dng chun truyn thng RS232 n gin kt ni ti mt my tnh truyn c cu lnh v d liu. Bi v mi lnh bt u vi ch AT trong ch Attention nn ngn ng iu khin c nh ngha bi Hayes nhanh chng oc bit n vi b lnh Hayes AT. Chnh v s n gin v kh nng thc thi vi chi ph thp ca n, b lnh Hayes AT nhanh chng c s dng ph bin trong cc modem ca cc nh sn xut khc nhau. Khi chc nng v tch hp ca cc modem ngy cng tng cng thi gian, nn lm cho ngn ng lnh Hayes AT cng phc tp. V th nhanh chng mi nh sn xut modem s dng ngn ng ring ca ng y. Ngy nay b lnh AT bao gm c cc lnh v d liu, fax, voice v cc truyn thng SMS Cc lnh AT l cc hng dn c s dng iu khin mt modem. AT l mt cch vit gn ca ch Attention. Mi dng lnh ca n bt u vi AT hay at. l l do ti sao cc lnh modem c gi l cc lnh AT. Nhiu lnh ca n c s dng iu khin cc modem quay s s dng dy mi (wired dial-up modems), chng hn nh ATD (Dial), ATA (Answer), ATH (Hool control) v ATO (return to online data state), cng c h tr bi cc modem GSM/GPRS v cc in thoi di ng. Bn cch b lnh AT thng dng ny, cc modem GSM/GPRS v cc in thoi di ng cn c h tr bi mt b lnh AT c bit i vi cng ngh GSM. N bao gm cc lnh lin quan ti SMS nh AT+ CMGS (gi tin nhn SMS), AT+CMSS (gi tin nhn SMS t mt vng l tr), AT+CMGL (chui lit k cc tin nhn SMS) v AT+CMGR (c tin nhn SMS). Ngoi ra, cc modem GSM cn h tr mt b lnh AT m rng. Nhng lnh AT m rng ny c nh ngha trong cc chun ca GSM. Vi cc lnh AT m rng ny,bn c th lm mt s th nh sau: c,vit, xa tin nhn Gi tin nhn SMS Kim tra chiu di tn hiu

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Kim tra trng thi sc bin v mc sc ca bin. c, vit v tm kim v cc mc danh b S tin nhn SMS c th c thc thi bi mt modem SMS trn mt pht th rt thp, n ch khong t 6 n 10 tin nhn SMS trn 1 pht. 2.3.4.1 Cc lnh khi to GSM Module Sim300CZ: Lnh AT<cr> Nu lnh thc hin c th tr v: Ok Bt u thc hin cc lnh tip theo. Nu lnh khng thc hin c th tr v dng: +CMS ERROR <err> Lnh AT+CMGF=[<mode>] <cr> Nu lnh thc hin c th tr v: Ok <mode> : 0 dng d liu PDU 1 dng d liu kiu text Nu lnh khng thc hin c th tr v dng: +CMS ERROR <err> Lnh AT&W[<n>] Nu lnh thc hin c th tr v: Ok Lu cu hnh cho GSM Module Sim300CZ Nu lnh khng thc hin c th tr v dng: +CMS ERROR <err> Lnh ATE[<value>] Nu lnh thc hin c th tr v: Ok <value> 0 Tt ch Echo

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1 Bt ch Echo Nu lnh khng thc hin c th tr v dng: +CMS ERROR <err> 2.3.4.2 Cc lnh x l cuc gi: Lnh quay s: ATD<cr>

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

V d: mun quay s ti s in thoi 01266609025 thi ta g lnh ATD01266609025;<cr> <cr>: Enter Lnh nhc my: ATA<cr> V d: khi c s in thoai no gi n s in thoi c gn trn modem Sim300Cz, ta mun nht my kt ni th g lnh ATA <cr> Lnh b cuc gi: ATH<cr> V d: khi c s in thoai no gi n s in thoi c gn trn modem Sim300Cz, ta khng mun nhc my m t chi cuc gi th g lnh ATH<cr> 2.3.4.3 Cc lnh v SMS Lnh Xa tin nhn AT+CMGD V d: mun xa mt tin nhn no c lu trn sim th ta thc hin lnh sau. AT+CMGD=<index> <cr> <index>: v tr ngn nh lu tin nhn Nu lnh thc hin c th tr v: Ok Nu lnh khng thc hin c th tr v dng:

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+CMS ERROR <err> Lnh c tin nhn: AT+CMGR=<index>[,mode] <cr>

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

<index> : s nguyn, l v tr ngn nh cha tin nhn cn c <mode> : 0 dng d liu PDU 1 dng d liu kiu text Nu nh lnh c thc hin th kiu d liu tr v di dng text ( mode=1): T SMS-DELIVER: +CMGR:<stat>,<oa>, [<alpha>],<scts>[,<tooa>,<fo>,<pid>,<dcs>,<sca>,<tosca>,<length>]<CR><LF><data> T SMS-SUBMIT: +CMGR:<stat>,<da>,[<alpha>][,<toda>,<fo>,<pid>,<dcs>, [<vp>],<sca>,<tosca>,<length>]<CR><LF><data> T SMS-STATUS-REPORTs: +CMGR: <stat>,<fo>,<mr>,[<ra>],[<tora>],<scts>,<dt>,<st> T SMS-COMMANDs: +CMGR:<stat>,<fo>,<ct>[,<pid>,[<mn>],[<da>],[<toda>],<length><CR><LF><cdata>] T CBM storage +CMGR:<stat>,<sn>,<mid>,<dcs>,<page>,<pages><CR><LF> <data> Nu d liu tr v dng PDU(mode=0): +CMGR: <stat>,[<alpha>],<length><CR><LF><pdu> Nu lnh b li th tr v di dng: +CMS ERROR: <err> Lnh gi tin nhn SMS: AT+CMGS Nu gi tin nhn di dng text: (+CMGF=1): +CMGS=<da>[,<toda>]<CR> text is entered <ctrl-Z/ESC>

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Nu gi tin nhn dng PDU: (+CMGF=0):

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

+CMGS=<length><CR> PDU is given <ctrl-Z/ESC> Lnh c thc hin thnh cng thi d liu tr v: Dng text : +CMGS: <mr> OK Dng PDU : +CMGS: <mr> OK Lnh b li : +CMS ERROR: <err> Lnh vit tin nhn ri lu vo ngn nh: AT+CMGW Nu vit tin nhn di dng text : AT+CMGW=[<oa/da>[,<tooa/toda>[,<stat>]]]<CR>text is entered <ctrl-Z/ESC> <ESC> Lnh c thc hin ng th d liu tr v dng: +CMGW: <index> OK Lnh sai: +CMS ERROR: <err> Nu vit tin nhn di dng PDU: AT+CMGW=<length>[,<stat>]<CR> PDU is given <ctrl-Z/ESC> Lnh gi tin nhn t mt ngn nh no : AT+CMSS=<index>[,<da>[,<toda>]] Nu lnh c thc hin thnh cng d liu tr v dng: Dng text: OK Dng PDU: +CMGS: <mr> [,<ackpdu>] OK Nu lnh b li: +CMS ERROR: <err> +CMGS: <mr> [,<scts>]

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Lnh bo hiu tin nhn mi:

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

AT+CNMI=[<mode>[,<mt>[,<bm> [,<ds>[,<bfr>]]]]] Nu lnh c thch hin ng th d liu tr v dng: OK Nu lnh b li: +CMS ERROR: <err> 2.3.4.4 Cc lnh v GPRS AT+CGATT : lnh gn hay tch thit b khi GPRS AT+CGDCONT : nh ngha dng PDP AT+CGQMIN : cht lng dich v mc thp nht AT+CGQREQ : cht lng dich v AT+CGDATA : trng thi d liu vo AT+CGREG : tnh trng ng k ca mng AT+CGCOUNT : m gi d liu vo 2.3.4.5 Cc lnh v TCP/IP Lnh bt u kt ni TCP hay UDP AT+CIPSTART=<mode>,[<IPaddress>,<domain name>],<port> Trong : <mode> : tham s bo kiu kt ni TCP hay UDP <IP address> : a ch IP ca ngi iu khin t xa <port> : <domain name> : tn min ca ngi iu khin t xa Nu lnh thc hin ng th lnh tr v : CONNECT OK Nu lnh thc hin 2.3.4.6 Cc lnh khc Lnh ngh AT+CFUN

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

V d mun tt ht chc nng lin quan n truyn nhn sng RF v cc chc nng lin quan n sim th g lnh: AT+CFUN=0 <cr> OK Lnh chuyn t ch ngh sang ch hot ng bnh thng AT+CFUN V d sim ang ch ngh ta mun chuyn sang ch hot ng bnh thng thi g lnh: AT+CFUN=1 <cr> OK Lnh reset mode ATZ <cr> OK Lnh tt ch echo ATE0 <cr> 2.3.4.7 Cc lnh kim tra ban u: Ly thng tin c bn v in thoi di ng hay modem GSM/GPRS. V d nh tn ca nh sn xut (AT+CGMI), s model (AT+CGMM), s IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) (AT+CGSN) v phin bn phn mm (AT+CGMR). Ly cc thng tin c bn v nhng ngi k tn di y. Th d, MSISDN (AT+CNUM) v s IMS (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) (AT+CIMI). Ly thng tin trng thi hin ti ca in thoi di ng hay modem GSM/GPRS. V d nh trng thi hot ng ca in thoi (AT+CPAS), trng thi ng k mng mobile (AT+CREG), chiu di sng radio (AT+CSQ), mc sc bin v trng thi sc bin (AT+CBC). c (AT+CPBR), vit (AT+CPBW) hay tm kim (AT+CPBF) c mc v danh b in thoi (phonebook).

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Thc thi cc nhim v lin quan ti an ton, chng hn nh m hay ng cc kha chc nng (AT+CLCK), kim tra xem mt chc nng c kha hay cha (AT+CLCK) v thay i password (AT+CPWD). iu khin hot ng ca cc m kt qu/cc thng bo li ca cc lnh AT. V d, bn c th iu khin cho php hay khng cho php kch hot hin th thng bo li (AT+CMEE) v cc thng bo li nn c hin th theo dng s hay theo dng dng ch (AT+CMEE=1 hay AT+CMEE=2). Thit lp hay thay i cu hnh ca in thoi di dng hay modem GSM/GPRS. V d, thay i mng GSM (AT+COPS), loi dch v ca b truyn tin (AT+CBST), cc thng s protocol lin kt vi radio (AT+CRLP), a ch trung tm SMS (AT+CSCA) v khu vc lu tr cc tin nhn SMS (AT+CPMS). Lu v phc hi cc cu hnh ca in thoi di ng hay modem GSM/GPRS. V du, lu (AT+COPS) v phc hi (AT+CRES) cc thit lp lin quan ti tin nhn SMS chng hn nh a ch trung tm tin nhn SMS.

CHNG 3 KHO ST VI IU KHIN PIC16F877A

3.1. S lc v vi iu khin PIC 16F877A. PIC 16F877A l dng PIC rt ph bin hin nay (c 40 pin, b nh ln cho hu ht cc ng dng). Cu trc tng qut ca PIC 16F877A nh sau: - 8 K Flash ROM. - 368 Bytes RAM. - 256 Bytes EEPROM. - 5 ports (A, B, C, D, E) vo ra vi tn hiu iu khin c lp.

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- 2 b nh thi 8 bits (Timer 0 v Timer 2).

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

- Mt b nh thi 16 bits (Timer 1) c th hot ng trong ch tit kim nng lng (SLEEP MODE) vi ngun xung Clock ngoi. - 2 b CCP( Capture / Compare/ PWM). - 1 b bin i AD 10 bits, 8 ng vo. - 2 b so snh tng t (Compartor). - 1 b nh thi gim st (WatchDog Timer). - Mt cng song song 8 bits vi cc tn hiu iu khin. - Mt cng ni tip. - 15 ngun ngt. - C ch tit kim nng lng. - Np chng trnh bng cng ni tip ICSP(In-Circuit Serial Programming). - c ch to bng cng ngh CMOS. - 35 tp lnh c di 14 bits. - Tn s hot ng ti a 20MHz.

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Hnh 3.1:S lc chn PIC 16F877A

Bng lit k chc nng cc chn ca PIC 16F877A

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

PIC 16F877A l h vi iu khin c 40 chn, mi chn c mt chc nng khc nhau. Trong c mt s chn a cng dng: mi chn c th hot ng nh mt ng xut nhp hoc l mt chn chc nng c bit dng giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi vi.

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

S khi PIC 16F877A

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

3.2. Dao ng (xung clock) dng cho PIC. PIC16F877A c th hot ng trong bn ch dao ng khc nhau: Trong cc ch LP, XT v HS s dng thch anh dao ng ni vo cc chn OSC1 v OSC2 to dao ng.

La chn t trong dao ng thch anh da vo bng sau:

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Lu : T c gi tr ln s tng tnh n nh ca dao ng nhng cng lm tng thi gian khi ng. Ch dao ng RC c s dng nh mt gii php tit kim trong cc ng dng khng cn s chnh xc v thi gian.

3.3. Reset PIC. Cch n gin reset PIC l cho chn MCLR o xung mc thp.

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3.4. Interrupts (ngt). PIC16F877A c 15 ngun ngt. y l mt s ngt thng hay s dng: Ngt RB0. Ngt PORTB. Ngt TIMER (TIMER0, TIMER1, TIMER2). Ngt chuyn i ADC. Ngt PORT truyn ni tip.

Gin ngt

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

3.5. B nh. PIC16F877A c tt c 3 khi b nh ring bit bao gm: B nh chng trnh, b nh d liu v b nh EEPROM.

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B nh d liu bao gm 4 Bank: Bank 0, Bank1, Bank2 v Bank3.

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3.6. Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit: * Thanh ghi trng thi ( Status Register):

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Thanh ghi trng thi cha cc trng thi s hc ca b ALU, trng thi Reset v cc bit chn Bank ca b nh d liu.

Bit 7 IRP: Bit la chn bank thanh ghi (S dng cho nh a ch gin tip). 1 = Bank 2, 3 (100h 1FFh ) 0 = Bank 0, 1 (00h FFh) Bit 6 5 RP1 RP0: Bit la chn bank thanh ghi (Dng trong nh i ch trc tip). 11 = Bank 3 ( 180h 1FFh) 10 = Bank 2 (100h 17Fh) 01 = Bank 1 (80h FFh) 00 = Bank 0 (00h 7Fh) Each bank is 128 bytes Bit 4 TO: Bit bo hiu hot ng ca WDT. 1: Lnh xa WDT hoc Sleep xy ra. 0: WDT hot ng. Bit 3 PD: Bit bo cng sut thp ( Power down bit). 1: Sau khi ngun tng hoc c lnh xa WDT. 0: Thc thi lnh Sleep. Bit 2 Z: bit Zero 1: Khi kt qu ca mt php ton bng 0. 0: Khi kt qu ca mt php ton khc 0.

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Bit 1 DC: Digit Carry

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

1: C mt s nh c sinh ra bi php cng hoc php tr 4 bit thp. 0: Khng c s nh sinh ra. Bit 0 C: c nh (Carry Flag) 1: C mt s nh sinh ra bi php cng hoc php tr. 0: Khng c s nh sinh ra. * Thanh ghi ty chn (Option _Reg Register): Thanh ghi ty chn cha cc bit iu khin cu hnh cho cc cha nng nh: ngt ngoi, Timer 0 chc nng ko ln Vdd ca cc chn Port B, v thi gian ch ca WDT

Bit 7 : Bit cho php PORTB c ko ln ngun. 1: Khng cho php PORTB ko ln ngun. 0:ChophpPORTBkolnngun. Bit 6 INTEDG: Bit la chn cnh tc ng ngt (INTERRUPT EDGE) 1: Ngt s c tc ng bi cnh ln ca chn RB0/INT 0: Ngt s c tc ng bi cnh xung ca chn RB0/INT Bit 5 T0CS: Bit la chn ngun xung Clock cho Timer 0 1: Xung Clock cung cp bi ngun ngoi qua chn RA4/T0CKI 0: Xung Clock cung cp bi ngun dao ng ni. Bit 4 T0SE: Bit la chn cnh no ca xung clock tc ng ln timer 0 1: Cnh xung 0: Cnh ln Bit 3 PSA: Bit quyt nh tc m PS2:PS0 s tc ng ln Timer 0 hay WDT 1: Tc m PS2:PS0 s tc ng ln WDT 0: Tc m PS2:PS0 s tc ng ln Timer 0 Bit 2-0 PS2:PS0: Dng la chn tc m ca timer hay WDT

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* Thanh ghi iu khin ngt INTCON (Interrupt Control Register):

Bit 7 GIE: Bit cho php ngt ton cc 1: Cho php ngt ton cc 0: Khng cho php ngt Bit 6 PEIE: Bit cho php ngt khi ghi vo EEPROM hon tt. 1: Cho php ngt ghi vo EEPROM hot ng 0:KhngchophpngtghivoEEPROMhotng Bit 5 TMR0IE: Bit cho php ngt khi timer 0 trn 1: Cho php ngt khi timer 0 trn 0: Khng cho php ngt khi timer 0 trn Bit 4 INTE: Bit cho php ngt ngoi vi trn chn RB0/INT 1: Cho php ngt ngoi vi 0: Khng cho php ngt ngoi vi Bit 3 RBIE: Cho php ngt khi trng thi PORTB thay i 1: Cho php 0: Khng cho php Bit 2 TMR0IF: C bo ngt Timer 0

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1: Timer 0 trn 0: Timer 0 cha trn Bit 1 INTF: C bo ngt ngoi RB0/INT 1: C ngt 0: Khng xy ra ngt.

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Bit 0 RBIF: C bo ngt khi c thay i trng thi PORTB 1: C thay i 0: Khng c thay i xy ra trn PORTB. * Thanh ghi cho php ngt ngoi vi 1(PIE1 Register):

Ch : Bit PEIE (INTCON<6>) phi c set cho php bt k ngt ngai vi no xy ra. Bit 7 PSPIE: Bit cho php ngt c/ ghi Port song song 1: Cho php 0: Khng cho php Bit 6 ADIE: Bit cho php ngt chuyn i A/D 1: Cho php 0: Khng cho php Bit 5 RCIE: Bit cho php ngt nhn USART 1: Cho php 0: Khng cho php Bit 4 TXIE: Bit cho php ngt truyn USART 1:Chophp 0: Khng cho php Bit 3 SSPIE: Bit cho php ngt Port ni tip ng b 1: Cho php

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0: Khng cho php Bit 2 CCP1IE: Bit cho php ngt module CCP1 1: Cho php ngt 0: Khng cho php

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Bit 1 TMR2IE: Bit cho php ngt xy ra khi TMR2 bng thanh ghi PR2 1: Cho php 0: Khng cho php Bit 0 TMR1IE: Bit cho php ngt trn TMR1 1: Cho php 0: Khng cho php 3.7. Port A v thanh ghi TRISA:

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Port A gm 6 chn t RA0 n RA5. Vic ghi gi tr vo thanh ghi TRISA s qui nh cc chn ca Port A l input hay output (nu l 1 th l input, l output nu l 0). Vic c thanh ghi Port A s c trng thi ca cc chn Port A. Vic ghi gi tr vo thanh ghi Port A s thay i trng thi ca cc chn Port A. Ring chn RA4 c tch hp chc nng nhn xung clock ngoi cho Timer0 (RA4/T0CKI). Nhng chn khc ca Port A c a hp vi cc chn ng vo Analog ca ADC v chn ng vo in th so snh ca b so snh Comparator. Hot ng ca nhng chn ny c quy nh bng nhng bit tng ng trong cc thanh ghi ADCCON1 v CMCON1. Khi cc chn ca Port A c s dng lm ng vo Analog th cc bit trong thanh ghi TRISA phi c set bng 1. Bng tm tt cc thanh ghi lin quan n Port A

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3.8. Port B v thanh ghi TRISB: Port B gm 8 chn t chn RB0-RB7. Vic ghi gi tr vo thanh ghi TRISB s quy nh cc chn ca Port B l input hay output (1: input, 0: output). Vic c thanh ghi Port B s c trng thi ca cc chn Port B. Vic ghi gi tr vo thanh ghi Port B s thay i trng thi ca cc chn Port B. Ba chn ca Port B c a hp vi chc nng In-Circuit Debugger v Low Voltage Programming function: RB3/PGM, RB6/PGC, RB7/PGD. Mi chn Port B c mt transistor ko ln Vdd. Chc nng ny hot ng khi bit RBPU (Option <7>) c xa. Chc nng ny s t ng c xa khi Port B c quy nh l input. Bn chn ca Port B t RB7 n RB4 c chc nng ngt khi trng thi chn Port B thay i (Khi Port B c quy nh l output th chc nng ny khng hot ng. Gi tr chn ca Port c so snh vi gi tr c lu trc , khi c s sai lch gia 2 gi tr ny ngt s xy ra vi c ngt RBIF (INTCON<0) s bt ln. Ngt c th lm cho VK thot khi trng thi SLEEP. Bt c s truy xut no trn PortB s xa trng thi sai lch, kt thc ngt v cho php xa c ngt RBIF.

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Bng chc nng PortB :

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Bng tm tt cc thanh ghi lin quan n Port B :

3.9. Port C v thanh ghi TRISC: Port C gm 8 chn t chn RC0-RC7. Vic ghi gi tr vo thanh ghi TRISC s quy nh cc chn ca Port C l input hay output (1: input, 0: output). Vic c thanh ghi Port C s c trng thi ca cc chn Port C. Vic ghi gi tr vo thanh ghi Port C s thay i trng thi ca cc chn Port C. Cc chn ca Port C c a hp vi cc chc nng ngoi vi.

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Khi cc chc nng ngoi vi c cho php ta cn quan tm cht ch ti gi tr cc bit ca thanh ghi TRISC. Mt s chc nng ngoi vi s ghi gi tr 0 ln cc bit ca thanh ghi TRISC v mc nh cc chn ny l output, ngoi ra mt s chc nng ngoi vi khc s t ng mc nh mt s chn l ng vo. Do cn xem xt k cc tnh nng ca cc hm ngoi vi thit lp gi tr cc bit trong thanh ghi TRISC cho thch hp.

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Bng chc nng Port C :

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Bng tm tt cc thanh ghi lin quan n PortC

3.10. Port D v thanh ghi TRISD: Port D gm 8 chn t chn RD0-RD7. Bn cnh chc nng l port xut nhp, Port D cn c th hot ng nh mt cng song song bng cch set bit PSPMODE (TRISE<4>), trong ch ny buffer ng vo l TTL. Bng chc nng Port D

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Bng tm tt cc thanh ghi lin quan n Port D

3.11. Port E v thanh ghi TRISE: Port E c 3 chn RE0 /RD/AN5, RE1/WR /AN6, RE2 /CS/AN7, c th c cu hnh nh cc chn xut nhp thng thng. Cc chn ca PortE c th tr thnh cc chn iu khin cho cng song song ca VK khi bit PSPMODE (TRISE<4>) c set bng 1.Trong ch ny, ngi s dng phi m bo cc chn ca PortE l ng vo. Ngoi ra cc chn PortE cn c th c cu hnh nh cc ng vo Analog, ti ch ny, khi c gi tr ca cc chn ny s cho ta gi tr l 0. Thanh ghi TRISE quy nh chc nng xut nhp ca Port E ngay c khi n c s dng nh cc ng vo Analog. Phi m bo cc chn ny c quy nh l ng vo trong ch ny. Bng chc nng cc chn Port E :

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Bng tm tt cc thanh ghi lin quan n Port E :

Thanh ghi TRISE :

Cc bit iu khin trng thi ca Port song song Bit 7 IBF : Bit trng thi bo buffer ng vo y 1 : Mt t (word -16bit) c nhn vo v ang c c bi CPU 0 : Khng c t no c nhn vo Bit 6 OBF: Bit trng thi bo buffer ng ra y 1 : Buffer ng ra vn cn gi mt t c c trc 0 : Buffer ng ra c c. Bit 5 IBOV: Bit bo trng thi buffer ng vo trn ( trong ch Vi x l)

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1 : Chu k ghi mi bt u nhng gi tr c vn cn trang buffer ( phi c xa bng phn mm) 0:Khn trn xy ra Bit 4 PSPMODE: Bit chn ch cng song song cho Port D 1 : Port D c cu hnh nh cng song song 0 : Port D cu hnh nh ng xut nhp thng thng Bit 3 Khng s dng, c l 0 Cc bit xc nh xut nhp ca Port E: Bit 2 Bit 2: Xc nh chiu xut nhp cho chn RE2/CS/AN7 1 : Ng vo 0 : Ng ra Bit 1 Bit 1: Xc nh chiu xut nhp cho chn RE1/WR/AN6 1 : Ng vo 0 : Ng ra Bit 0 Bit 0: xc nh chiu xut nhp cho chn RE0/RD/AN5 1 : Ng vo 0:Ng ra 3. 12. B nh thi a. B nh thi Timer 0 : Module Timer 0 l mt b nh thi/ m 8 bit, c kh nng c v ghi c c mt b tin nh t l (Prescaler) 8 bit lp trnh c, c bit la chn ngun xung clock trong

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hoc ngoi, c ngt khi Timer trn, c bit la chn cnh tc ng ca xung lock.

Ch nh thi c chn bng cch xa bit T0CS (OPTION_REG <5>). Trong ch ny thanh ghi TMR0 s tng ln sau mi chu k (prescaler khng c tc dng hoc t l 1 : 1). Nu thanh ghi TMR0 c ghi mt gi tr mi, gi tr trong thanh ghi ny s khng tng trong 2 chu k lnh k tip.V vy khc phc hin tng ny chng ta c th hiu chnh gi tr nhp vo thanh ghi TMR0.

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Ch m c la chn bng cch set bit T0CS (OPTION_REG <5>). Trong ch m, thanh ghi TMR0 s tng ln khi c cnh ln hoc cnh xung xut hin trn chn T0CKL ( cnh ln hoc cnh xung c la chn bi bit T0SE (OPTION_REG <4>, xa bit T0SE s la chn cnh ln). Ngt Timer 0 . Ngt Timer 0 c to ra khi thanh ghi TMR0 trn t 0FFh n 00h. Khi xy ra trn, c T0IF(INTCON<2>) c bt ln. Ngt c th c ngn chn bng cch xa bit T0IE (INTCON<5>). C ngt T0IF phi c xa bng phn mm truc khi thot khi chng trnh ngt tr v chng trnh chnh.

Cc thanh ghi c lin quan n Timer 0:

b. B nh thi Timer 1. Timer 1 l mt b nh thi/ m 16 bit bao gm hai thanh ghi 8 bit (TMR1H v TMR1L), c kh nng c c v ghi c. Cp thanh ghi TMR1H v TMR1L s tng t 0000h ln FFFFh ri sau trn v 0000h. Nu c cho php (bit TMR1IE c set), ngt s xy ra khi gi tr TMR1 trn t FFFFh v 0000h, lc c ngt TMR1IF s bt ln.

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N:NGI NH THNG MINH Thanh ghi iu khin Timer 1:

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Bit 7,6 Khng s dng, c l 0. Bit 5,4 T1CKPS1 : T1CKPS0 : Cc bit chn t l xung ng vo cho Timer1. 11 1 : 8 gi tr t l 10 1 : 4 gi tr t l 01 1 : 2 gi tr t l 00 1 : 1 gi tr t l Bit 3 T10SCEN : Bit cho php b dao ng Timer 1 Oscillator 1 : Cho php dao ng 0 : Khng cho php dao ng Bit 2 T1SYNC : Bit la chn ng b ha xung clock ngoi ca Timer 1 (Ch : Bit ny ch c tc dng khi bit TMR1CS = 1) 1: Khng ng b ha xung clock ngoi 0: ng b ha xung clock ngoi. Bit 1 TMR1CS : Bit chn ngun xung clock cho Timer 1 1: Chn xung clock ngoi qua chn T1OSC/T1CKI ( tc ng cnh ln) 0: Chn xung clock ni (Fosc/4) Bit 0 TMR1ON: Bit cho php ngoc ngng Timer 1 1: Cho php 0: Khng cho php

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N:NGI NH THNG MINH 3.13. B chuyn i ADC 10 bit

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

a. Gii thiu module ADC 10 bit Trn VK c mt b bin i ADC 10bit, 8 ng vo Analog, 8 ng vo ny c ni vi ng vo ca b chuyn i. Sau b chuyn i s to ra mt kt qu 10 bit tng ng vi gi tr Ananlog u vo. in th tham chiu u vo s c la chn bng phn mm (t Vdd, Vss hoc 2 chn AN2, AN3. Module ADC l module duy nht c kh nng hot ng trong ch ng. hot ng trong ch ng Sleep, xung clock cung cp cho ADC phi c nhn t dao ng ni RC ca ADC. Module ADC bao gm 4 thanh ghi: - Thanh ghi cha byte cao ca kt qu ADRESH. - Thanh ghi cha byte thp ca kt qu ADRESL. - Thanh ghi cha cc bit iu khin ADCON0. - Thanh ghi cha cc bit iu khin ADCON1. b. Cc thanh ghi iu khin: Thanh ghi iu khin ADCON0:

Bit 7:6 ADCS1:ADCS0: Cc bit la chn tn s chuyn i A/D 00 =FOSC/2 01 =FOSC/4 10 =FOSC/32 11 =FRC (xung clock c ly t dao ng ni RC). Bit 5:3 CHS2:CHS0: Cc bit la chn knh Analog 000: Knh 0, (AN0) 001: Knh 1, (AN1) 010: Knh 2, (AN2) 011: Knh 3, (AN3) SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 61

N:NGI NH THNG MINH 100: Knh 4, (AN4) 101: Knh 5, (AN5) 110: Knh 6, (AN6) 111: Knh 7, (AN7)

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Bit 2 GO/ DONE: Bit bo trng thi chuyn i A/D Khi bit ADON = 1 1: Qu trnh A/D ang thc hin (Khi chng ta set bit ny ln th qu trnh chuyn i s xy ra, khi qu trnh kt thc n s t ng c xa bng phn mm). 0: Qu trnh A/D khng xy ra hoc hon tt. Bit 1 Khng s dng, gi tr l 0 Bit0 ADON:Bit cho php module A/D hot ng1: Ngun c cung cp cho A/D 0: Ngng cung cp ngun cho A/D Thanh ghi iu khin ADCON1:

Bit 7 ADFM: Bit la chn nh dng kt qu A/D 1: Canh phi, 6 bit cao nht ca thanh ghi ADRESH c gi tr 0 0: Canh tri, 6 bit thp nht ca thanh ghi ADRESL c gi tr 0 Bit 6 ADCS2: Bit la chn clock chuyn i A/D

Bit 5,4 Khng s dng SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 62

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Bit 3:0 PCFG3:PCFG0: Cc bit iu khin cu hnh cc chn ADC

c. Hot ng ca Module ADC Hai thanh ghi ADRESH v ADRESL cha gi tr 10 bit ca kt qu ADC. Khi qu trnh chuyn i hon tt, kt qu ADC s c lu li trong cp thanh ghi ny. Bit GO/DONE b xa v c ngt ADIF c bt ln. Sau khi module ADC c cu hnh nh mong mun, chng ta phi la chn knh chuyn i A/D trc khi chuyn i ADC xy ra. Cc chn Analog phi c chn l ng vo bng cch set cc bit trong thanh ghi TRIS tng ng. tin hnh chuyn i ADC, tin hnh theo cc bc sau: Bc 1: Cu hnh cho module ADC: - Cu hnh cho cc chn ng vo/ in th chun v I/O s (ADCON1) - La chn knh ng vo A/D (ADCON0) - La chn tn s chuyn i (ADCON0) - Cp ngun cho module ADC (ADCON0) Bc 2: Cu hnh cc ngt ADC (nu cn): SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 63

N:NGI NH THNG MINH - Xa c ngt ADIF - Set bit GIE (Cho php ngt ton cc)

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

- Set bit ADIE (Cho php ngt chuyn i ADC) Bc 3: i thi gian Acquisition (ly mu) cn thit Bc 4: Bt u qu trnh chuyn i ADC: Set bit GO/ DONE (ADCON0) Bc 5: i qu trnh ADC hon tt: Chy vng lp i bit GO/DONE b xa hoc c ngt ADIF bt ln Bc 6 : c kt qu trong 2 thanh ghi ADRESH v ADRESL, xa bit ADIF ( nu cn thit) Bc 7: Nu mun tip tc thc hin chuyn i ADC trong chu k k tip th quay li bc 1 hoc bc 2. S khi ca b bin i ADC 10 bit:

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La chn xung clock cho bin i A/D: Thi gian chuyn i 1 bit c nh ngha l chu k TAD. bin i 10 bit chng ta cn thi gian xp x 12TAD . Ngun xung clock cung cp cho ADC c la chn bng phn mm. C 4 gi tr la chn: - 2 Tosc - 8 Tosc - 32 Tosc - Dao ng ni RC ca module ADC (2-6s) m bo qu trnh ADC chnh xc th xung clock ADC (TAD) phi c la chn m bo rng gi tr ti thiu ca TAD l 1.6s. Bng sau y ch ra mi lin h gia TAD v tn s ca thit b:

Chuyn i ADC: Vic xa bit GO/DONE trong qu trnh chuyn i s b qua chuyn i hin ti. Cp thanh ghi kt qu chuyn i ADC s khng c cp nht nhng mu chuyn i ADC hon tt. Do , cp thanh ghi ADRESH v ADRESL s cha gi tr ca ln chuyn i hon tt cui cng ( hoc gi tr c ghi cui cng vo 2 thanh ghi ny). Sau khi mt chuyn i ADC b b qua, vic ly mu tip theo da trn knh ADC chn s t ng din ra. Sau bit GO/DONE c th c set bt u chuyn i ADC. Ch : Bit GO/DONE khng nn c set trong cng mt lnh vi lnh m module ADC. SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 65

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Cp thanh ghi ADRESH v ADRESL dng lu kt qu ADC 10 bit. Module ADC cho php ta la chn vic canh tri hay canh phi kt qu 10 bit trong thanh ghi kt qu bng cch xa hoc set bit ADFM. Cc bit cn li mang gi tr l 0.

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

3.14:Truyn thng ni tip khng ng b. Thut ng USART trong ting anh l vit tt ca cm t: Universal Synchronous & Asynchronous serial Reveiver and Transmitter, ngha l b truyn nhn ni tip ng b v khng ng b. Cn ch rng khi nim USART (hay UART nu ch ni n b truyn nhn khng ng b) thng ch thit b phn cng (device, hardware), khng phi ch mt chun giao tip. USART hay UART cn phi kt hp vi mt thit b chuyn i mc in p to ra mt chun giao tip no . V d, chun RS232 (hay COM) trn cc my tnh c nhn l s kt hp ca chip UART v chip chuyn i mc in p. Tn hiu t chip UART thng theo mc TTL: mc logic high l 5, mc low l 0V. Trong khi , tn hiu theo chun RS232 trn my tnh c nhn thng l -12V cho mc logic high v +12 cho mc low (tham kho hnh 1). Ch l cc gii thch trong ti liu ny theo mc logic TTL ca USART, khng theo RS232.

Hnh 1. Tn hiu tng ng ca UART v RS232.

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3.15:Truyn thng ni tip: Gi s bn ang xy dng mt ng dng phc tp cn s dng nhiu vi iu khin (hoc vi iu khin v my tnh) kt ni vi nhau. Trong qu trnh lm vic cc vi iu khin cn trao i d liu cho nhau, v d tnh hung Master truyn lnh cho Slaver hoc Slaver gi tn hiu thu thp c v Master x lGi s d liu cn trao i l cc m c chiu di 8 bits, bn c th s ngh n cch kt ni n gin nht l kt ni 1 PORT (8 bit) ca mi vi iu khin vi nhau, mi line trn PORT s chu trch nhim truyn/nhn 1 bit d liu. y gi l cch giao tip song song, cch ny l cch n gin nht v d liu c xut v nhn trc tip khng thng qua bt k mt gii thut bin i no v v th tc truyn cng rt nhanh. Tuy nhin, nh bn thy, nhc im ca cch truyn ny l s ng truyn qu nhiu, bn hy tng tng nu d liu ca bn c gi tr cng ln th s ng truyn cng s nhiu thm. H thng truyn thng song song thng rt cng knh v v th km hiu qu. Truyn thng ni tip s gii quyt vn ny, trong tuyn thng ni tip d liu c truyn tng bit trn 1 (hoc mt t) ng truyn. V l do ny, cho d d liu ca bn c ln n u bn cng ch dng rt t ng truyn. Hnh 2 m t s so snh gia 2 cch truyn song song v ni tip trong vic truyn con s 187 thp phn (tc 10111011 nh phn).

Hnh 2. Truyn 8 bit theo phng php song song v ni tip.

Mt hn ch rt d nhn thy khi truyn ni tip so vi song song l tc truyn v chnh xc ca d liu khi truyn v nhn. V d liu cn c chia nh thnh tng bit khi truyn/nhn, tc truyn s b gim. Mt khc, m bo tnh chnh xc ca d liu, b truyn v b nhn cn c nhng tha hip hay nhng tiu chun nht nh. Phn tip theo trong chng ny gii thiu cc tiu chun trong truyn thng ni tip khng ng b. Khi nim ng b ch s bo trc trong qu trnh truyn. Ly v SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 68

N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

d thit b 1 (tb1) kt vi vi thit b 2 (tb2) bi 2 ng, mt ng d liu v 1 ng xung nhp. C mi ln tb1 mun send 1 bit d liu, tb1 iu khin ng xung nhp chuyn t mc thp ln mc cao bo cho tb2 sn sng nhn mt bit. Bng cch bo trc ny tt c cc bit d liu c th truyn/nhn d dng vi t ri ro trong qu trnh truyn. Tuy nhin, cch truyn ny i hi t nht 2 ng truyn cho 1 qu trnh (send or receive). Giao tip gia my tnh v cc bn phm (tr bn phm kt ni theo chun USB) l mt v d ca cch truyn thng ni tip ng b. Khc vi cch truyn ng b, truyn thng khng ng b ch cn mt ng truyn cho mt qu trnh. Khung d liu c chun ha bi cc thit b nn khng cn ng xung nhp bo trc d liu n. V d 2 thit b ang giao tip vi nhau theo phng php ny, chng c tha thun vi nhau rng c 1ms th s c 1 bit d liu truyn n, nh th thit b nhn ch cn kim tra v c ng truyn mi mili-giy c cc bit d liu v sau kt hp chng li thnh d liu c ngha. Truyn thng ni tip khng ng b v th hiu qu hn truyn thng ng b (khng cn nhiu lines truyn). Tuy nhin, qu trnh truyn thnh cng th vic tun th cc tiu chun truyn l ht sc quan trng. Chng ta s bt u tm hiu cc khi nim quan trng trong phng php truyn thng ny. Baud rate (tc Baud): nh trong v d trn v vic truyn 1 bit trong 1ms, bn thy rng vic truyn v nhn khng ng b xy ra thnh cng th cc thit b tham gia phi thng nht nhau v khong thi dnh cho 1 bit truyn, hay ni cch khc tc truyn phi c ci t nh nhau trc, tc ny gi l tc Baud. Theo nh ngha, tc baud l s bit truyn trong 1 giy. V d nu tc baud c t l 19200 th thi gian dnh cho 1 bit truyn l 1/19200 ~ 52.083us. Frame (khung truyn): do truyn thng ni tip m nht l ni tip khng ng b rt d mt hoc sai lch d liu, qu trnh truyn thng theo kiu ny phi tun theo mt s quy cch nht nh. Bn cnh tc baud, khung truyn l mt yu tc quan trng to nn s thnh cng khi truyn v SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 69

N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

nhn. Khung truyn bao gm cc quy nh v s bit trong mi ln truyn, cc bit bo nh bit Start v bit Stop, cc bit kim tra nh Parity, ngoi ra s lng cc bit trong mt data cng c quy nh bi khung truyn. Hnh 1 l mt v d ca mt khung truyn theo UART, khung truyn ny c bt u bng mt start bit, tip theo l 8 bit data, sau l 1 bit parity dng kim tra d liu v cui cng l 2 bits stop. Start bit: start l bit u tin c truyn trong mt frame truyn, bit ny c chc nng bo cho thit b nhn bit rng c mt gi d liu sp c truyn ti. module USART trong AVR, ng truyn lun trng thi cao khi ngh (Idle), nu mt chip AVR mun thc hin vic truyn d liu n s gi mt bit start bng cch ko ng truyn xung mc 0. Nh vy, vi AVR bit start l mang gi tr 0 v c gi tr in p 0V (vi chun RS232 gi tr in p ca bit start l ngc li). start l bit bt buc phi c trong khung truyn. Data: data hay d liu cn truyn l thng tin chnh m chng ta cn gi v nhn. Data khng nht thit phi l gi 8 bit, vi AVR bn c th quy nh s lng bit ca data l 5, 6, 7, 8 hoc 9 (tng t cho hu ht cc thit b h tr UART khc). Trong truyn thng ni tip UART, bit c nh hng nh nht (LSB Least Significant Bit, bit bn phi) ca data s c truyn trc v cui cng l bit c nh hng ln nht (MSB Most Significant Bit, bit bn tri).

Parity bit: parity l bit dng kim tra d liu truyn ng khng (mt cch tng i). C 2 loi parity l parity chn (even parity) v parity l (odd parity). Parity chn ngha l s lng s 1 trong d liu bao gm bit parity lun l s chn. Ngc li tng s lng cc s 1 trong parity l lun l s l. V d, nu d liu ca bn l 10111011 nh phn, c tt c 6 s 1 trong d liu ny, nu parity chn c dng, bit parity s mang gi tr 0 m bo tng SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 70

N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

cc s 1 l s chn (6 s 1). Nu parity l c yu cu th gi tr ca parity bit l 1. Hnh 1 m t v d ny vi parity chn c s dng. Parity bit khng phi l bit bt buc v v th chng ta c th loi bit ny khi khung truyn (cc v d trong bi ny ti khng dng bit parity). Stop bits: stop bits l mt hoc cc bit bo cho thit b nhn rng mt gi d liu c gi xong. Sau khi nhn c stop bits, thit b nhn s tin hnh kim tra khung truyn m bo tnh chnh xc ca d liu. Stop bits l cc bits bt buc xut hin trong khung truyn, trong AVR USART c th l 1 hoc 2 bits (Trong cc thit b khc Stop bits c th l 2.5 bits). Trong v d hnh 1, c 2 stop bits c dng cho khung truyn.Gi tr ca stop bit lun l gi tr ngh (Idle) v l ngc vi gi tr ca start bit, gi tr stop bit trong AVR lun l mc cao (5V). (Ch v gi : khung truyn ph bin nht l : start bit+ 8 bit data+1 stop bit)

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu

Trang 71

N:NGI NH THNG MINH CHNG 4 THIT K V THI CNG

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

4.1 PHNG N THIT K Gm 2 phung n thit k nh sau: Phng n 1 : Dng b GSM MODULE SIM300CZ kt ni vi vi iu khin PIC16F877A : chi ph v gi thnh kh t. Thch hp cho lp trnh lnh AT d dng v y tn nng cho lp trnh vi lnh AT. Ngoi ra cn c th pht trin ng dng su thm vi GPRS, GPS. Phng n 2: Dng in thoi di ng (Ericssion T28, T39 ) c chc nng ging vi GSM MODULE SIM300CZ kt ni vi PIC16F877A. Vic lp trnh cho in thoi di ng cng gn tng t nh GSM MODULE nhng c hn ch hn v mt s loi in thoi ch h tr lnh AT dng Mode PDU nn lp trnh rt phc tp. Ngoi ra phn kt ni gia in thoi di ng vi khi vi iu khin cng rt phc tp. Phng n la chn : chn phng n 1 v MODULE SIM300CZ h tr lp trnh lnh AT c 2 ch Mode Text v Mode PDU nn vic lp trnh n gin hn nhiu so vi in thoi di ng. Mc d gi thnh kh t nhng v n h tr ch Mode Text nn vic lp trnh n gin hn nhiu so vi dng in thoi di ng v vy nhm em quyt nh dng Module Sim300CZ. Ngoi ra cn c th pht trin cc ng dng khc s dng GPRS, GPS.

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu

Trang 72

N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

4.2. S KHI TNG QUT CA TON H THNG

MODULE SIM300CZ

VI IU KHIN PIC16F877A

KHI CM BIN

Khi Giao Tip SMS


MOBILE CHC NNG TNG KHI: trong nc. ni vi PIC16F877A.

KHI CNG SUT

KHI NGUN

Hnh 4.1 S khi h thng iu khin thit b bng SMS

Khi giao tip mng di ng C chc nng gi nhn tin nhn SMS cho vic iu khin cc thit b. Khi ny cn 1 thit b in thoi di ng v 1 Module Sim300CZ: Thit b in thoi di ng : dnh cho ngi s dng (iu khin). Ngi s dng cn phi ng k dch v vin thng i vi cc nh cung cp dch v GSM Module Sim300CZ : Module ny phi c gn Sim ca nh cung cp dch v v cng cn phi c chc nng nh mt in thoi di ng kt ni vi vi iu khin PIC16F877A. Ci ny c t c nh v thng xuyn kt

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu

Trang 73

N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Khi ngi s dng nhn mt tin SMS c ni dung l mt lnh yu cu iu khin thit b. V d : DV:ADA:ON, DV:ADA:OFF, PT:ADA:ON, .. th Module Sim300CZ s nhn tin nhn v c x l bi cu lnh iu khin c lp trnh v c np vo vi iu khin PIC16F877A Khi x l phn cng PIC16F877A Khi x l phn cng l khi trung tm trong vic x l v iu khin phn cng. Khi do mt vi iu khin PIC16F877A m nhn v c nhim v gi nhn d liu vi Module Sim300CZ mt cch lin tc. Khi Module Sim300CZ gi thng tin iu khin th Khi x l phn cng s c lp trnh thc thi. Vi iu khin c nhim v giao tip vi Khi cng sut v khi cm bin hng ngoi. Khi cm bin PIR: N l ch vit tt ca Passive InfraRed sensor (PIR sensor), tc l b cm bin th ng dng ngun kch thch l tia hng ngoi. Tia hng ngoi (IR) chnh l cc tia nhit pht ra t cc vt th nng. Gm c cm bin nh sng s dng quang tr, cm bin pht hin chuyn ng PIR. Quang tr l mt in tr nhy sng, c gi tr thay i khi sng chiu vo quang tr thay i, dng trong trng hp khng mun iu khin tt m n qua SMS m mun t ng bt n khi tri ti v tt n khi tri sng Cm bin pht hin chuyn ng PIR l loi cm bin c th xc nh c s di chuyn ca mt vt trong phm vi ca cm bin.

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N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Hnh 4.2: m t hot ng ca cm bin PIR Nguyn l hot ng: Nhn vo hnh v trn ta c th d thy, mt cm bin PIR s c hai khe. Trong mi khe c lm bng mt cht liu c bit v nhy cm vi cc tn hiu IR. Cc (lens) c s dng trong cm bin khng gy nh hng n cc tn hiu IR ny, v khng lm nh hng n vic bt tn hiu ca khe.(Chc nng ca lens s c gii thch r hn phn di). Khi cm bin ch nhn ri (Idle) tn hiu thu c hai khe trn cm bin l nh nhau, n l lng nhit bc x t mi trng xung quanh. Khi c mt vt th mang nhit nh c th con ngi hoc ng vt truyn qua n s ln lt i qua hai khe ca cm bin, iu ny gy ra mt s thay i khc bit tch cc gia hai khe ny. Khi ngun nhit ri xa khi khu vc hot ng ca cm bin s thay i s ngc li. S thay i ny s c th hin cc xung ra ca cm bin.

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu

Trang 75

N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Hnh 4.3: cm bin PIR Bn thn cm bin PIR c t trong mt khi kim loi c hn kn. Vic lm nh th ny nhm trnh cc h hi do nhiu/ nhit / m. Mt trn ca cm bin s c mt ca s c lm bng cht liu IR-transmissive (Thng thng l vt liu c trng bng silic) nhm bo v cm bin bn trong m vn khng lm nh hng n vic nhn tn hiu IR ca cm bin. ng sau ca s l 2 cm bin cn bng (balance sensor). Ta c th hnh dung r hnh nh di y:

Hnh 4.4: M t cm bin PIR Trong module cm bin chuyn ng PIR cn c 1 knh Fresnel c tc dng hi t cc tia hng ngoi ti tiu im. V cm bin PIR t ti tiu im .

Hnh 4.5: Knh Fresnel

Khi cng sut Khi ny bao gm IC D Flip Flop 4013 v transistor C1815 c nhim v gi trng thi ng ra ca PIC16F877A v khuch i in p kch cho relay. Khi cng sut vi dng thp, p ng ti tiu t cng sut thp v dn dng nh bng n, qut 4.3 THIT K PHN CNG Trong qu trnh thi cng phn cng, nhm em s s phn mm kh thng dng trong lnh vc thit k board mch in t. l phn mm Orcad. Phn SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 76

N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

mm ny l phn mm thit k rt mnh phc v vic thit k. N p ng tt cc k thut cn thit lm mt board mch in t hon chnh. 4.3.1 S NGUYN L PHN CNG & TNH TON. 4.3.1.1 Ngun cung cp cho ton h thng.
J1 1 C O N 1 + C 1 2 2 0 0 u ..5 0 v D IO D E B R ID G E 1 C O N 1 0 .1 u C D 1 1 U 1 G N D IN

7805 O U T

3 R 1 C 3 1u 330

D 2

J3 1 2

J2

LED

C O N 2

Hnh 4.2 S nguyn l ngun cung cp Dng qua led L1 khong 10mA St p trn mi nhnh ca Led khong 1.6 V 1.8 V in p ng ra ca IC 7805 l 5V Nn gi tr in tr R50l:

R50 =

= 340 (Ohm)

Chn R50 =330 (Ohm)

S dng bin th i 220VAC/ 12VAC h p sau dng cu Diode chnh lu thnh in 1 chiu, ngun in 1 chiu sau khi qua cc t lc s c in p 1 chiu phng hn. V ngun in n nh ny s cung cp cho tt c linh kin trong mch hot ng. Ngun cung cp c nhim v cung cp ton b nng lng cho mch v th b ngun cn c n nh cao c th hot ng lu di ca c h thng mch in. H Ic 78XX l loi Ic n p ph bin. mch s dng thm cc linh kin ph tr khc nh in tr hn dng v t lc ngun s cung cp in p

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu

Trang 77

N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

ng ra c n nh cao. Loi Ic c v nhm tn nhit c th cung cp dng ti a 1A cung cp ngun cho cc linh kin trong mch hot ng tt. ng thi trong Ic cn tch hp cc mch bo v qu nhit v qu dng bn trong. iu ny c ngha quan trong i vi s an ton cho cc linh kin trong mch. H IC 78XX l h cho n nh in p u ra l dng. Vi iu kin u vo lun lun ln hn u ra 3V. Cn XX l gi tr in p u ra nh: 5V, 6V, . H IC 78XX gm c 3 chn: Chn 1( Vin) : chn ngun u vo Chn 2 (GND) : chn ni t Chn 3( Vout) : chn ngun u ra 78XX chuyn i in p dng t +24V +5V dng 1A 78LXX chuyn i in p dng t +24V +5V dng 0.1A 78MXX chuyn i in p dng t +24V +5V dng 0.5A 78SXX chuyn i in p dng t +24V +5V dng 0.2A - IC 7805: cung cp ngun 5V cho vi x l trung tm, ISD 1420,

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu

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N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

4.3.1.2 Ngun cung cp cho khi Module SIM300CZ + PIC16F877A.


4V J1 12V U 15 3 2 1 C _12V 4 7 0 u /1 6 V 2 1 V in G N D E n a b le V out A dj 4 5 R 2 _ 4 V 5 .6 k C 2_4V 10uF

C O N N JA C K PW R

M IC 2 9 3 0 2 B U _ 1 R 1_4V 2 .2 k

U 14 1 IN O U T 3 C _5V

5V 3

3 .3 V U 7 V in G N D Vout 2 C _ 3 .3 V 10u R _ 3 .3 V 2 .2 k D _ 3 .3 V

470uF

Hnh 4.3 S nguyn l ngun cung cp cho Sim300CZ + PIC16F877A Ngun cung cp cho Khi Module Sim300CZ + Pic18F26K20 s dng: + IC MIC29302BU_1 n nh in p 4V cung cp cho Module Sim300CZ. + IC KA7805C/TO n nh in p 5V cung cp cho PIC16F877A v khi cm bin + Dng cc t ha c gi tr khc nhau lc in p ra, thng chn cc t : 470uF, 10uF + Dng cc in tr c gi tr khc nhau n nh in p, thng chon cc in tr: 5.6k, 2.2k... + Dng n led hin tr trng thi ca ngun.

4.3.1.3 Module Sim300CZ. SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 79

K A 7 8 0 5 C /T O

A M S 1 1 1 7 -3 v 3 -S O T 2 2 3

N:NGI NH THNG MINH


U 13 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 S TA TU S 19 21 23 V S IM 25 S IM _ R S T 27 29 S IM _ C L K 3 1 33 35 37 39 0 R X 41 TX 43 45 47 R I 49 51 53 55 57 59 4V

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

D _4V

R _4V 2 .2 K

R _PW R 330

0
U 16 V S IM S IM _ R S T S IM _ C L K 1 2 3 VC C S IM _ R S T S IM _ C L K G N D V S IM I/O 4 5 6

c o n n e c t o r _ s im c a r d

VBAT G N D VBAT G N D VBAT G N D VBAT G N D VBAT G N D VC H G AD C 0 TE M P _B A T V R TC V D D _E XT N E T_L PW _KEY KBC 0 S TA TU S KBC 1 G P IO 0 KBC 2 BU ZZER KBC 3 S IM _ V D D KBC 4 S IM _ R S T KBR 0 S IM _ D A TA K B R 1 S IM _ C L K KBR 2 S IM _ P R E KBR 3 G P IO 1 KBR 4 D C D D IS P _ C S D TR D IS P _ C L K R XD D IS P _ D A T A TXD D IS P _ D /C R TS D IS P _ R S T C TS D B G _R XD R I D B G _TXD AGN D AGN D SPK_1P M IC 1 P SPK_1N M IC 1 N SPK_2P M IC 2 P SPK_2N M IC 2 N c o n n e c t o r _ s im 3 0 0 c z

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60

0
R _N L 2 .2 k 10uf C _VR TC

D _N L

VD D _EXT

LED

Hnh 4.4 S nguyn l kt ni Module Sim300CZ 4.3.1.4 Vi iu khin PIC16F877


+5V

R 15 10K S W 2

C 17 10uF J10 1 2 3 4 5 6 P O R TA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 6 7 8 3 4 5 6 P V N 1 M C L R */V P P R R R R R R R R R R R R R R A A A A A A C C C C C C C C 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 /A N 0 /A N 1 /A N 2 /V R E F -/C V R E F /A N 3 /V R E F + /T 0 C K I/C 1 O U T /A N 4 /S S * /C 2 O U T /T 1 O S O /T 1 C K I /T1 O S I/C C P 2 /C C P 1 /S C K /S C L /S D I/S D A /S D O /TX/C K /R X/D T R B 0 /IN T R B 1 R B 2 R B 3 /P G M R B 4 R B 5 R B 6 /P G C R B 7 /P G D 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 B B B B B B B B J12 R E 0 /R D */A N 5 R E 1 /W R */A N 6 R E 2 /C S * /A N 7 V D D V S S R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 /P /P /P /P /P /P /P /P S S S S S S S S P P P P P P P P 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 32 31 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 9 0 1 2 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P O R TD 1 2 3 J11 P O R TE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

J6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P O R TC C 15 33pF C 16 33pF

+5V

13 Y 3 12M hz +5V

O S C 1 /C L K IN

14 11 12

O S C 2 /C L K O U T V D D V S S P IC 1 6 F 8 7 7 A

Hnh 4.5 S nguyn l kt ni PIC16F877A

4.3.1.5 Khi cng sut. SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 80

N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

nguon

N guon

LS2 3 R 5 VC C O U T1 O U T2 C 1 in p u t 1 D 6 D 7 in p u t 2 R 3 10k 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 U 2A Q Q C LK R D S G N D 4013 R 4 10k VD D Q Q C LK R D S 2 2 2 2 2 2 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 R 6 C 1 Q 3 C 1815 2 .2 k 3 1 4 R 2 R ELAY SPD T D 2 4007 D 3 4007 LS3 5 2 O U T3 O U T4 2 .2 k Q 2 C 1815 1 4 R ELAY SPD T 5 2 O U T1 O U T2

R 2

VC C

D 4

SW 1

D 5

SW 2

Hnh 4.6 S nguyn l khi cng sut Khi Cng sut gm: Rle 5V, transistor C1815 v 2 Diode khuch i dng qua Rle v trnh in p ngc. Chn Rle 5V: + in p tc ng: 5V + in tr cun dy Rle R = 360 + Dng in qua cun dy IR khong 400A + in p ng m 220V Tnh ton chn BJT v cc in tr phn cc: Chn Q1 l BJT C1815, BJT lm vic ch bo ha Dng in qua cun dy ca Rle IL = =
Vcc Vce Rr

12 0.2 = 32mA 360

Dng in qua Rle cng l dng qua cc C ca BJT. Suy ra I c = 32mA Transitor dn bo ha th Ib > min = = 0.4mA 70 Chn Ib = 10 0.4 = 4mA Chn Diode D1,D2: SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 81
Ic

32

N:NGI NH THNG MINH

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Tc dng ca D1,D2: D1,D2 l 2 diode dng trnh dng Fuco trong cun dy sinh ra trong qu trnh hot ng lm hng cc linh kin khc nh: BJT,IC... Vic chn D1,D2 khng kh khn v D1,D2 ch l loi Diode chu c dng tng i nh. Trong mch ny ta chn Diode l loi 1N4147. Nguyn l hot ng: Khi c 1 xung clock c kch chn CLK th s lm o trng thi ca ng ra Q v Q2. Khi Q1 v Q2 c kch ln mc 1 s lm transistor dn, lm nam chm in ca relay ht, v lm n 220V sng . 4.3.1.6 Khi cm bin Cm bin nh sng quang tr

Hnh 4.7: S nguyn l mch cm bin nh sng s dng quang tr Quang tr thay i gi tr in tr khi lng nh sng chiu vo quang tr thay i. Thc t o c, nu tri ti hon ton, in tr ca quang tr vo khong 10 M, v nu tri sng, in tr gim dn xung. Khi sng cc i th in tr ca quang tr cn li khong 10. Ng ra OUT ca mch cm bin nh sng c kt ni vo ADC ca khi Vi X L c in p ca ng ra OUT khi sng thay i. Ta c cng thc tnh in p ca ng ra OUT khi Vcc=5V l:

SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu

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GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

Khi Rqt =10M Vout= ~4.99V Khi Rqt= 10 Vout=~0.005V Vy khi sng tng dn t rt ti cho ti rt sng th in p ng ra Vout gim dn t 4.99V xung 0.005V. Dng chc nng ADC ca PIC16F877A c gi tr in p ca ng ra Vout v chuyn i in p thnh gi tr s. Ta cu hnh PIC16F877A s dng ADC 10bit. 10bit tng ng vi 210 =1024.C ngha l gi tr s ha sau khi s dng b chuyn i ADC ca PIC16F877A l t 0-1023. Ta dng in p so snh bng Vcc. C ngha l Vcc l in p ti a m Vout khng vt qu. Ta dng in p so snh lm thang chia chuyn i gi tr in p ra gi tr s. Khong chnh lch gia in p so snh v Voutmax cng nh th gi tr s sau khi chuyn i cng chnh xc. Khi Vout~4.99V, ng vi tri cc ti. gi tr s ca ng ra OUT sau khi chuyn i l (1024/5)*4.99=~1024. Khi Vout~0.005V, ng vi tri cc sng, gi tr s ca ng ra OUT sau khi chuyn i l (1024/5)*0.005=~ 1. Vy gi tr s sau khi chuyn i ng ra OUT dao ng t 1-1024 ng vi tri cc sng n tri cc ti. Da vo gi tr s ca ng ra OUT m PIC16F877A hiu c , ta c th bit c khi no th tri sng, khi no th tri ti m bt tt n t ng cho hp l.

Module cm bin pht hin chuyn ng PIR

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Hnh 7.11: S nguyn l module cm bin PIR 4.3.2.Mch Hin Th

Hnh 7.12: S nguyn l mch hin th

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4.3.3 S MCH IN Khi PIC16F877A

Bt u Khai Bo Bin Khi To Ga Tr Bin Khi To Thanh Ghi Khi To Ngt Timer

Ngt Hnh 4.9 S mch in lp BOTTOM Timer0 Khi PIC16F877A

Ngt Tin Nhn Ngt EUART 4.4 THIT K PHN MM Khi To 4.4.1 LU THUT TON Cu Hnh GSM

Chng trnh Chnh (Main) 4.4.1.1 Lu gii thut tng qut chng chnh chnh. Thc Hin SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Khin Hiu Lnh iu Kt Thc

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START
4.4.1.2 lu gii thut:

BT SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L VnN Hiu KHI TRI TI

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S N T NG SNG KHI C NGI VO NH BT N KHI C NGUI VO NH S C NGI VO NH S I SMS S SMS=CHE K S SMS=BATDE N

N T NG SNG KHI TRI TI

LOA KU. GI TIN NHN BO NGI L VO NH

GI TIN NHN BO TRNG THI CA NH

BT N V TR LI TIN NHN OK

4.4.2 M NGUN CHNG TRNH IU KHIN STOP #include <16f877a.h>

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#fuses NOWDT,XT,PUT, NOPROTECT, NODEBUG, NOBROWNOUT, NOLVP #DEVICE adc=10 #include <string.h> #use delay(clock=4000000) #use fast_io(d) #use fast_io(b) #use fast_io(c) #use fast_io(a) #use fast_io(e) #byte porta=0x05 #byte portb=0x06 #byte portc=0x07 #byte portd=0x08 #byte porte=0x09 #bit RS=PORTE.0 #bit RW=PORTE.1 #bit E=PORTE.2 #bit RD0=PORTD.0 #bit RD1=PORTD.1 #bit RD2=PORTD.2 #bit RD3=PORTD.3 #bit RD4=PORTD.4 #bit RD5=PORTD.5 #bit RD6=PORTD.6 #bit RD7=PORTD.7 #bit RC4=PORTC.4 #use rs232(baud=9600,parity=n,xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7,bits=8) char uart_buff[90]; char temp[20]; SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 88

N:NGI NH THNG MINH int i=0,k,j=0,n,z,l,h,s,y,f,x,m; int1 ok; int coCuocGoiDen=0; int coSMS = 0; char char_in; int char_count=0, char_count1=0; void kt_sms(); void xuly_sms(); void xuly_batden(); void guiSmsBaoDong(char* noidung); #INT_RDA void receive() { uart_buff[i]=getc(); i++; if (i==2) {ok=1;} } void xoa_buffer() { for(i=1;i<90;i++) { //temp[i]=0; uart_buff[i]=0; } i=0; char_count=0; } void xoa_temp() { SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu

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N:NGI NH THNG MINH for(i=0;i<strlen(temp);i++) { temp[i]=0; i=0; } }

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int instr(unsigned char* chuoi,unsigned char* chuoi_ss) { int i; int dem,dem_ss; dem = strlen(chuoi); dem_ss = strlen(chuoi_ss); for(i=0;i<dem;i++) { if(chuoi[i]==chuoi_ss[0]) { if(chuoi[i+1]==chuoi_ss[1] && chuoi[i+2]==chuoi_ss[2] && chuoi[i+3]==chuoi_ss[3]) { return 1; } else return 0; } } return 0; } void cauhinhmodulesim() { printf("a"); delay_ms(2000); SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 90

N:NGI NH THNG MINH printf("a"); delay_ms(2000); printf("at\r\n"); delay_ms(2000); printf("at\r\n"); delay_ms(2000); while (OK==0) { printf("at\r\n"); delay_ms(2000); } printf ("ate0\r\n"); delay_ms(2000); printf ("at+csq\r"); delay_ms(2000); printf ("at+cmgf=1\r"); delay_ms(2000); } void guiSmsBaoDong(char* noidung) {

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

printf("at+cmgs=\"01674365935\"\r\n"); delay_ms(1500); printf("co SMS: %s", noidung); delay_ms(1000); putc(26); delay_ms(5000); } void goiDtBaoDong() { printf("atd01674365935;\r\n"); //goi dt den so 01674365935 SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 91

N:NGI NH THNG MINH delay_ms(10000); printf("ath\r\n"); delay_ms(3000); } void bat_den1() { RD0==1; delay_ms(2000); RD0==0; } void bat_den2() { RD1==1; delay_ms(2000); RD0==0; } void kt_cuocgoi_den() { strcpy(temp, "RING"); delay_ms(1000); if (instr(uart_buff, temp)) { coCuocGoiDen=1; guiSmsBaoDong(uart_buff); } else coCuocGoiDen=0; xoa_temp(); } void kt_sms() { SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu //k goi nua

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N:NGI NH THNG MINH delay_ms(50000); strcpy(temp, "CMTI"); delay_ms(5000); guiSmsBaoDong(temp); guiSmsBaoDong(uart_buff); delay_ms(1000); if(instr(uart_buff, temp)) { coSMS=1; printf("ATD01674365935;\r\n"); delay_ms(10000); printf("ath\r\n"); xoa_buffer(); } } void xuly_sms() { coSMS=0; i=0; delay_ms(500); xoa_temp(); xoa_buffer(); char_count=0; strcpy(temp, "BAT1"); printf("at+cmgr=1\r\n"); delay_ms(2500); guiSmsBaoDong(uart_buff); delay_ms(400); if(instr(uart_buff, temp)) { SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu //k goi nua

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N:NGI NH THNG MINH printf("ATD01674365935;\r\n"); xoa_temp(); xoa_buffer(); } xoa_temp(); } void xuly_batden() { } void main() { z=0; n=0; coSMS=0; enable_interrupts(int_rda); enable_interrupts(global); ok=0; cauhinhmodulesim(); printf("at+cmgd=1\r"); //xoa tin nhan delay_ms(2000);

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

printf("atd01674365935;\r\n"); //goi dt den so 01674365935 delay_ms(10000); printf("ath\r\n"); delay_ms(3000); xoa_buffer(); while(1) { kt_sms(); //kt_cuocgoi_den(); SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 94 //k goi nua

N:NGI NH THNG MINH if(coSMS==1) { xuly_sms(); } } } CHNG 5 : KT LUN

GVHD: Nguyn Th Hng nh

5.1 KT LUN Qua thi gian nghin cu, thi cng n c bn c hon thnh. Bng s n lc c gng ca bn thn mi c nhn v s phn chia, phi hp cng vic hp l, cht ch, nhp nhng gia mi thnh vin ca nhm, bn cnh cn l s hng dn nhit tnh, tn tm ca c NGUYN TH HNG NH, n ny c hon thnh ng thi gian nh nh v t c yu cu t ra theo yu cu l thit k v thi cng h thng iu khin thit b t xa qua tin nhn SMS. Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, chng em thu c nhng kt qu nht nh nh sau: Mch in vi cc module nh trn mch c thit k, thi cng hon chnh v c th nghim nhiu ln v thot ng n nh trong thc t. Xy dng c m hnh ng dng iu khin cc thit b v h thng bo ng. Trong n ny, nhm em trnh by kh y v chc nng, cu trc ca tng khi module nh trn board mch in tch hp. Nh vy, gip ngi c c th nm bt, hiu c chc nng ca tng module mt cch d dng. Bn cnh , ni dung ca ti c trnh by kh chi tit r rng bng cch s dng nhng t ng thng dng, cc hnh nh i km gip ngi c d hiu v c th thc hin mt cch tng t, t hiu qu trong mt thi gian ngn. H thng iu khin thit b trong nh t xa thng qua tin nhn SMS c thc hin nh trong ti l mt h thng vi cc chc nng t c nh sau: SVTH : Nguyn Vn Hiu-L Vn Hiu Trang 95

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H thng c th iu khin c thit b in t xa thng qua tin nhn SMS: + Sau khi gi tin nhn th vi ni dng tin nhn , b x l s thc thi qu trnh x l, sau l iu khin thit b mt cch t ng. + Tin nhn c gi i t ngi iu khin iu khin thit b in v ngi iu khin cng nhn c tin nhn tr ngc li vi ni dng tin nhn l iu khin c cc thit b hay cha v h thng cnh bo. + H thng c kh nng c bo v tt, ngha l ngi s dng phi bit lnh iu khin v mt khu (password) th mi ng nhp c vo h thng i vi s dng tin nhn SMS. H thng c chc nng cnh bo s c : + Khi module cm bin pht hin chuyn ng thit k, lp trnh kt hp vi trung tm x l c kh nng gi thng tin d liu ti trung tm x l. Ngoi ra cn c kh nng gi tin nhn ngc li cho ngi iu khin v t ng thi hnh cc thao tc c lp trnh sn khi c bo ng xy ra. thc hin c cc chc nng nu trn, nhm em tm hiu, nghin cu cc vn c lin quan ti ti nh : PIC16F877A, Module Sim300CZ, cc ngn ng lp trnh tng ng nh CCS, b lnh AT Command dnh cho Module, v cc vn khc lin quan ti ti. Cui cng, theo nhn nh ch quan ca nhm em th n c hon thnh ng thi gian cho php v trnh by kh y cc mng kin thc lin quan, cc vn lin qua ti ti. Song do nhng iu kin khch quan, ti ny ch thc hin mt phn nh i vi vic iu khin cho mt ngi nh hon chnh. l iu khin thit b 2 thit b cng sut v cnh bo khi c ngi l vo nh. 5.2 HNG PHT TRIN TI Do thi gian thc hin ti c hn v lng kin thc c nhn mi thnh vin ca nhm l nht nh nn ti thc hin xong ch p ng c mt phn nh ca mt h thng hon chnh. V vy, ti ny thm phong ph

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hn, mang nhiu tnh thc t hn na, c kh nng ng dng cao hn th ti cn a thm vo nhng yu cu nh sau: Ngoi vic iu khin gim st bng tin nhn SMS, ta cng c th iu khin Camera chp hnh ri sau gi tin nhn a phng tin n in thoi. S dng thm nhiu loi cm bin khc, chng hn nh cm bin nhit o nhit , cm bin m khng kh o m khng kh, h thng bo chy t ng, ng dng vo ti. Nh th ngi dng c th hnh dung ra c ton b khng gian trong ngi nh. M rng iu khin c nhiu hn na cc thit b trong nh. Phn cng cho mi module cn c tch ri nhm d dng cho vic chnh sa, thay i. ti khng nhng ch p dng cho vi cc ta nh m nn c m rng p dng i vi iu khin cc thit b s dng ni cng cng. Hy vng vi nhng hng pht trin nu trn cng vi nhng tng khc ca cc bn, ca ngi c- nhng ngi i sau - s pht trin hn na ti ny, khc phc nhng hn ch, tn ti ca ti, lm cho ti tr nn phong ph hn, mang tnh ng dng cao hn vo trong thc t cuc sng, phc v cho nhng li ch ca con ngi trong tng lai. TI LIU THAM KHO [1]Hong Minh Sn Mng Truyn Thng Cng Nghip NXB Khoa Hc V K Thut 2006. [2] Nguyn Trng Kin v Phm Vn Nam n tt nghip - iu khin thit b t xa qua tin nhn SMS bng my tnh Trng HSP K Thut TP.HCM. [3] Mt S Trang Web Tham Kho: www.picvietnam.com www.4tech.com.vn www.dientuvietnam.com

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