TNH TON THIT K B TRUYN TRC VT

Tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt thc hin theo trnh t. Thng s u vo: cng sut truyn P trn trc vt hoc bnh vt (hoc mmen xon T), vn tc gc 1 v 2 (hoc s vng quay n1 v t s truyn u), iu kin lm vic b truyn. 1. Xc nh t s truyn u =
n1 1 = n2 2

2. D on vn tc trt vs theo cng thc:

vs 0, 02 0, 05)1 (3, 7 4, 6)n1 3 T2 105

Chn vt liu bnh vt, trc vt, phng php ch to, nhit luyn, cp chnh xc. 3. Xc nh ng sut tip xc cho php: a. Bnh vt c rng ch to t ng thanh thic Vt liu ny c gii hn bn b < 300 MPa , c chng dnh cao, ng sut tip xc cho php c chn theo iu kin chng trc r b mt v c xc nh theo cng thc:
[ H ] = (0, 76 0,9) b K HLCv

trong : b - gii hn bn ko ca vt liu (bng 7.8 [1])

Cv - h s xt n nh hng ca vn tc trt; K HL - h s tui th.

H s (0, 76 0, 9) c chn theo chiu tng rn ca trc vt. Tch (0, 76 0, 9) b l ng sut cho php khi N HO = 107 . H s Cv c xc nh theo bng sau: Vn tc trt vs , (m/s)
Cv 1

2 1,21

3 1,11

4 1,02

5 0,95

6 0,88

7 0,83

1,33

0,8

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H s tui th K HL c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

K HL =
8

107 N HE

trong N HE l s chu k lm vic tng ng:

N HE T = 60 2i ni ti T2
4

vi: ni , T2i , ti - s vng quay trong mt pht, mmen xon trn bnh vt v thi gian lm vic tnh bng gi trong ch lm vic th i.
T2 - mmen ln nht trong cc gi tr T2i .

Nu N HE 2, 6.108 th ta ly N HE = 2, 6.108 chu k. b. i vi rng ca bnh vt ch to t ng thanh khng thic ( b > 300 MPa ) v bng gang, ng sut tip xc cho php c chn theo iu kin trnh dnh, ph thuc vo vs (m/s) v [ H ] khng ph thuc s chu k ng sut:
[ H ] = (276 300) 25vs , MPa

c. i vi bnh vt lm bng gang - Trc vt ti tn s cao: [ H ] = 200 35vs , - Trc vt thng ha:
[ H ] = 175 35vs , MPa MPa

ng sut tip xc cho php kim tra khi qu ti: - ng thanh thic:
[ H max ] = 4 ch

- ng thanh khng thic: [ H max ] = 2 ch - Gang:

[ H max ] = 1, 65 bF

trong : ch - gii hn chy; bF - gii hn bn un.

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4. Xc nh ng sut un cho php: a. i vi bnh vt bng ng thanh quay mt chiu

[ F ] = (0, 25 ch + 0, 08 b ) 9 106 N FE

trong : ch , b - gii hn chy v gii hn bn ca vt liu (bng 7.8 [1])

N FE - s chu k ti trng tng ng, xc nh theo cng thc sau:

N FE = 60. (

T2 i 9 ) .ni .ti T2

vi: ni , T2i , ti - s vng quay trong mt pht, mmen xon trn bnh vt v thi gian lm vic tnh bng gi trong ch lm vic th i.
T2 - mmen ln nht trong cc gi tr T2i .

Nu N FE 2, 6.108 th ta ly N FE = 2, 6.108 chu k. Nu N FE 106 th ta ly N FE = 106 . b. i vi bnh vt bng gang - Bnh vt quay mt chiu: [ F ] = 0, 22 bF vi bF l gii hn bn un vt liu. - Bnh vt quay hai chiu, ta nhn gi tr trn cho 0,8 ng sut un cho php khi qu ti: - i vi ng thanh: - i vi gang:
[ F max ] = 0,8 ch [ F max ] = 0, 6 bF

5. Chn s mi ren z1 theo t s truyn u. Khi z1 = 4 th u = 8 15 ; khi z1 = 2 th

u = 16 30 ; khi z1 = 1 th 80 u 30 .

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T s truyn b truyn trc vt c chn theo dy s tiu chuNn sau: Dy 1 Dy 2 8; 10; 12,5; 16; 20; 25; 31,5; 40; 50; 63; 80

9; 11,2; 14; 18; 22,4; 28; 35,5; 45; 56; 71

Tnh z2 = uz1 (vi z2 28 ). Tnh li t s truyn u. Chn h s ng knh q theo tiu chuNn tha mn iu kin 0, 4 q / z2 0, 22 (bng 7.2 [1]), thng thng chn
q / z2 0, 26 .

6. Chn s b theo cng thc:

= 0, 9(1
u ) 200

7. Tnh khong cch trc aw theo bn tip xc theo cng thc:

q 170 T2 K H aw = 1 + 3 z2 [ H ] ( q / z2 )
2

Tnh moun: m = Dy 1 Dy 2

2aw v chn m theo tiu chuNn: z2 + q

1; 1,25; 1,6; 2; 2,5; 1,5; 3; 3,5; 6; 7; 12

3,15; 4; 5; 6,3; 8; 10; 12,5; 16; 20; 25

Sau tnh ton li khong cch trc, nu khong cch trc khng phi tiu chuNn hoc s nguyn ta phi tin hnh dch chnh bnh vt. Nu b truyn quay tay th ta tnh mun theo bn un bng cng thc:
m=
3

1,5T2YF K F z2 q[ F ]

8. Xc nh cc kch thc chnh b truyn: Thng s hnh hc Trc vt ng knh vng chia ng knh vng ln ng knh vng nh ng knh vng y
d1 = mq d w1 = m(q + 2 x) d a1 = d1 + 2m d f 1 = d1 2, 4m

Cng thc

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Gc xon c vt Chiu di phn ct ren trc vt Bnh vt ng knh vng chia ng knh vng nh ng knh vng y Khong cch trc ng knh ln nht bnh vt Chiu rng bnh vt b2

= arctg

z1 q

btv (11 + 0,06 zbv )m

d 2 = mz2 d a 2 = m( z2 + 2 + 2 x ) d f 2 = m( z2 2, 4 + 2 x) aw = 0,5m(q + z2 + 2 x) 6m d aM 2 d a 2 + z1 + 2 b2 0, 75d a1 mn1 z12 + q 2 19500

9. Kim nghim vn tc trt theo cng thc: s =

- H s ti trng tnh theo bng 7.6 [1] v cng thc: K = 1 + - Hiu sut theo cng thc: = 0, 95.
tg tg ( + ')

z2 (1 X )

trong ' - gc ma st thay th ' = arctgf ' vi f ' l h s ma st thay th. Gi tr h s ma st thay th f ' ph thuc vo vn tc trt vs , c xc nh theo bng 7.5 [1] nu vt liu trc vt l thp v bnh vt bng ng thanh c thic. Hoc f ' c th xc nh theo cng thc gn ng:
f '=

0, 048 (cp thp ng thanh) vs0,36 0, 06 (cp thp gang) vs0,36

Hoc:

f '=

10. Nu vt liu bnh vt ch to t ng thanh c rn cao hoc gang th tnh ton li gi tr ng sut tip xc cho php vi vn tc trt va tm c, gi tr va tnh khng c nh hn 10% hoc ln hn 5% gi tr s b trn mc 3. Nu khng ta tin hnh tnh ton thit k li. 11. Xc nh s rng tng ng bnh vt zv 2 theo cng thc zv 2 =
z2 , chn h s cos3

YF 2 theo bng 7.10 [1] v kim nghim ng sut un ca bnh vt theo cng thc:

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F =

1, 2.T2 .YF .K F [ F ] d 2b2 m

Thng thng gi tr ng sut un tnh ton F nh hn ng sut un cho php [ F ] rt nhiu. 12. Kim nghim bn thn trc theo h s an ton (tham kho chng Trc). 13. Tnh ton nhit theo cng thc:
t1 = to +

1000 P 1 (1 ) [t1 ] KT A(1 + )

trong [t1 ] l nhit lm vic cho php ty vo loi du bi trn, c gi tr ln nht 95o C . 14. Xc nh gi tr cc lc :
Ft 2 = Fa1 =

2T2 d2

Ft1 = Fa 2 = Ft 2tg ( + ') Fr1 = Fr 2 = Ft 2tg

15. Kim tra bn un ca trc theo cng thc:

F =
2 2 M E 32 M F + 0, 75T1 = [ F ] WE d3 f1

trong M F l tng mmen un tng ng, xc nh theo cng thc:

F l F l F d M F = t 1 + r 1 + a1 1 4 4 4
2 2

ng sut un cho php trc vt c th tra trong bng 7.11 [1]. 16. Kim tra cng trc vt theo cng thc:
f =
2 l 3 Fr2 1 + Ft1

48 EI e

[ f ]

trong : l - khong cch gia hai , s b c th chn l = (0, 9...1)d 2

Fr1 , Ft1 - ti trng hng tm v lc vng tc dng ln b truyn I e - mmen qun tnh tng ng mt ct trc vt, mm 4 :

PGS.TS Nguyn Hu Lc C s thit k my NXB HQG TP HCM

 0, 625d a1 4 0,375 + d f1 d f 1 Ie = 64

Gi tr vng cho php [ f ] = (0, 01 0, 005)m , vi m l mun trc vt. Nu khng tha mn iu kin trn th ta phi tng h s ng knh q hoc gim khong cch gia cc trc aw .

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