tnh cht dn in ca

dung dch cht in ly.

Mc tiu
Phn bit c 3 loi dn in v cc yu
t nh hng
Gii thch c s nh hng ca cc yu t
n dn in
Trnh by c phng php o dn in
v cc ng dng
1. Cc loi vt dn in
Vi dn in loi 1
Vt dn in loi 2
L cc kim
loi, hp kim,
graphit...
Bn cht
dng e t do
c im
Dn in bng e
C dn in cao
C th ni trc tip vi ngun
L cc cht
in li( n/c,
htan)
Bn cht
dng ion (+)
hoc ion (-)
t do
c im
Dn in bng ion
C dn in thp
K
o
th ni trc tip vi ngun
2. dn in ca dd cht in ly
2.1. Khi nim: L i lng c trng cho kh nng vn chuyn in
lng Q di tc dng ca in trng ngoi
2.2. Cc yu t nh hng
-nh hng ca nht

- nh hng ca in tch v bn knh ion

- nh hng ca nng
dn in ca dd cht in ly
2.3. Cc loi dn in
dn in ring

dn in ng lng

dn in c lp ca cc ion
k

Cc loi dn in
2.3.1. dn in ring
k
* Khi nim: l d ca 1 cm
3
dd nng nht nh
* Cng thc:

k
1
=
m
S
l
R =
Vi l in tr ring ca dd
l l khong cch gia hai bn in cc
S l thit din bn in cc

S
l
R
=
1
k
(4.1)
2. dn in ca dd cht in ly
2.3.1. dn in ring
k
* n v ca l O
-1
.cm
-1
hay Siemem.cm
-1
(S.cm
-1
)
k
k
* Cc yu t nh hng:
HCl
H
2
SO
4

NaOH
LiCl
CH
3
COOH
0 5 10 c(mol/l)
nh hng ca nng n
k
2. dn in ca dd cht in ly
2.3.2. dn in ng lng

* Khi nim: L d ca tt c cc ion c trong mt ng lng

gam ca cht in ly nng cho
1cm
* Cng thc:
3
1000
cm
C
V =
V

k =
C
V
1000
= = k k
1
O .glg
-1
.cm
2
(4.2)
2. dn in ca dd cht in ly
2.3.1. dn in ng lng

* Cc yu t nh hng
HCl
KOH
KCl
CH
3
COOH
C
) . (
2
cm S
S ph thuc ca vo C
2. dn in ca dd cht in ly
2.3.3. dn in c lp ca cc ion
Xt mi quan h gia d , nng v vn tc chuyn ng ca cc ion
Cht in ly AB nng C v in ly o
Gi vn tc cation l v
+
(cm/s) ca anion l v
-
(cm/s)
(+)
(-)
S
Trong th tch S.v(cm
3
) c s ng lng gam l C
v S
o .
1000
.
in lng do cc cation vn chuyn l
) ( . .
1000
.
culong F C
v S
q o
+
+
=
(4.3)
in lng do cc anion vn chuyn l
) ( . .
1000
.
culong F C
v S
q o

=
Tng in lng vn chuyn c l cng dng in i qua S
CF
v S
CF
v S
q q I o o
1000
.
.
1000
.
+
+
+ = + =
) .(
1000
+
+ = v v
CF S
I
o
(4.5)
(4.4)
dn in c lp ca cc ion
Gi vn tc ca ion V
o
+

v Vo- khi cng in trng bng 1(V/cm) l
linh ion th vn tc ca ion khi cng in trng E/l l
o
V
l
E
v
+ +
= .
o
V
l
E
v

= .
) .( .
1000
o o
V V
l
E CF S
I
+
+ =
o
Theo nh lut m ta c: do :
R
E
I =
) .( .
1000 R
o o
V V
l
E CF S E
+
+ =
o
) ( .
1000
.
R
1
o o
V V F
C S
l
+
+ = o
dn in c lp ca cc ion
) .(
1000
o o
V V F
C
+
+ = o k
) .(
o o
V V F
+
+ = o
(4.7)
Gi l dn in c lp ca cation
L dn in c lp ca anion
o
FV
+ +
=
o
FV

=
) (
+
+ = o
Khi dung dch v cng long th
1 = o

+ +
=
=


)
+
+ =
(4.8)
Trong dd v cng long d ng lng ca cht in ly bng tng
d c lp ca cc ion
dn in c lp ca cc ion
3. Hot v h s hot
S tng tc ca cc ion v phn t trong dd cht in ly
Trong dd cht in ly vi dung mi l nc cc ion v phn t tng
tc vi nhau nh th no?
Cc tng tc c nh hng th no n s chuyn ng ca cc
ion?
Kh nng tham gia phn ng v kh nng dn in ca cc ion b nh
hng nh th no?
Hot l nng thc t c kh nng tham gia phn ng v kh
nng dn in ca cc cht v cc ion
a = f.m
Vi a l hot ca cht hoc ion
f l h s hot
m l nng mlan
a
+
= f
+
. m
+
a
-
= f
-
. m
-

Vi a
+
, a
-
l hot ca cation v anion
f
+
, f
-
l h s hot ca cation v anion
m
+
, m
-
l nng molan ca cation v anion
Xt dd mui M
x
A
y

M
x
A
y
= xM
y+
+ yA
x-

Hot TB ca cc ion l:
y x
a a a
+
= .
u
. .
u
y x
a a a
+
=
u
y x
m m m
+
= .

+
= =
m
a
f f f
y x
u
.
V

i

l

n
g

s

i
o
n

t

o

t
h

n
h
y x + = u
Nng molan TB
H s hot TB
Hy tnh hot TB v h s hot
TB ca dd Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
?

Xt dd mui M
x
A
y

M
x
A
y
= xM
y+
+ yA
x-

Hot TB ca cc ion l:
y x
a a a
+
= .
u
. .
u
y x
a a a
+
=
u
y x
m m m
+
= .

+
= =
m
a
f f f
y x
u
.
Nng molan TB
H s hot TB
Hy tnh hot TB v h s hot
TB ca dd Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
?

4. Thuyt lc ht tng h gia cc ion
4.1 Atmosphe ion
Trong dd cc c tng tc vi nhau nh th no?
S tng tc nh hng nh th no n kh nng tham gia phn
ng v kh nng dn in ca ion trong dd?
4.2. S hirat ho v lin kt hiro
S hirat ho.
Trong dd cc ion khng tn ti c lp m b cc phn t nc lng cc
bao bc xung quanh gi l s hira ho
S hirat ho c c trng bng s hirat l s phn t H
2
O kt hp vi
ion to ion hirat ph thuc vo hiu ng chn electron v trng lc
in quanh ion.
Lin kt hiro
H
+
H H H H H
O H ...O O O ...H O O
H H H H H H
+

5. Phng php o dn in.
Nguyn tc o: o in tr R ca dd sau tnh d bng nghch o ca R
Phng php o: Cu Konrau s
E
R
3

R
1

R
2

R
x

C
D
E l ngun xoay chiu
R
1
,R
2
l in tr bit
R
3
l bin tr
R
x
l in tr dd
iu chnh bin tr dng i qua G bng 0
Khi
2
1 3
2
1
3
.
R
R R
R
R
R
R
R
x
x
= =
S
l
R
x
.
1
= k
l l k/c gia 2 cc
S l thit din cc
6. ng dng ca php o d
6.1. Xc nh tan ca mui kh tan
tan l g?
C
V
1000
= = k k
k

k

.
1000
.
1000
+
+
= = S
6. ng dng ca php o d
6.2. Xc nh in ly v hng s in ly
AB A
+
+ B
-
Ban u C
o
0 0
Cn bng (1- o)C
o
oC
o
oC
o


in ly o c xc nh t ct:

= o .
C
Hng s in ly K c xc nh t ct
| || |
| |
o
C
AB
B A
K .
1
.
2
o
o

= =
+
6.3.Phng php chun dn in
6. ng dng ca php o d
VD: Chun HCl bng NaOH
HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
H
+
+ Cl
-
+ Na
+
+ OH
-
= Na
+
+ Cl
-
+ H2O
C
V
V
NaOH

OH
-

Cl
-

Na
+

H
+

k
V
NaOH