You are on page 1of 50

1

IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0


DC MACHINES
Output Equations Main Dimensions - Magnetic circuit calculations
CartersCoefficient - Net lengthof IronReal & Apparent fluxdensities
Selection of number of poles Design of Armature Design of
commutator andbrushes performancepredictionusingdesignvalues.
2
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
DC MACHINES
LIST OF SYMBOLS:
D =stator bore or armature diameter, m
L =stator core length, m
p =number of poles
Z =Total numbers of armature conductors
Iz =current in each conductor(Ia/A) , A
E =induced EMF, V
P =machine rating (power output),kW
Pa =power developed by the armature, kW
Q =kVA rating of the machine
= flux per pole, Wb
= pole pitch ( D/p), m
Total Electric loading = p ; Total Magnetic loading = Iz Z
Specific Electric loading = ac = Iz Z / D (amp.conductor/m)
Specific magnetic loading = Bave = p/ DL (Wb/m2 )
3
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
CONSTRUCTION OF A D.C MACHINE
4
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
COMMUTATOR OF A D.C MOTOR
5
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
6
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
7
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
D.C MACHINES-CONSTRUCTION
D.C Machines used for industrial electric drives have3 major parts
namely,
i. Fieldsystem,
ii. Armature, and
iii. Commutator.
The field systemis located on the stationary part of the machine
calledthestator andconsistsof ,
i. mainpoles- aredesignedtoproducethemagneticflux.
ii. Interpoles placed in between the main poles& are
employedtoimprovethecommutation.
iii. frame or yoke- provides mechanical support to the
machineandalsoservesasapathfor flux.
8
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
The armature is the rotating part (or rotor) of a d.c machine and
consistsof,
i. Armaturecorewithslotsand
ii. Armaturewindingaccomodatedintheslots.
The conversion of energy frommechanical to electrical or vice-
versatakesplaceinthearmature.
Thecommutator ismountedontherotor of themachine.
Thecommutator andbrusharrangement workslikea
mechanical dual converter.
9
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
OUTPUT EQUATION
The output equation relates the power developed in armature to the
main dimensions and speed of the machine.
The main dimensions of a d.c machine are,
i. Armature diameter (D) and
ii. Armature length (L).
Power developed in armature, P
a
=C
o
D
2
L n.
Output coefficient, C
o
=
2
Bav ac x10
-3
maximum gap density, B
g
=Bav/k
f
=Bav/
C
o
in terms of B
g
is given by, C
o
=
2
B
g
ac x10
-3
10
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
Power developed by the armature, P
a
is different from the rated
power output P, of the machine.
The relationship between the two are,
P
a
=P/ for generators
P
a
=P for motors
11
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
CHOICE OF ARMATURE LENGTH:
The factors to be considered for the choice of armature
length are,
i. Cost
ii. Ventilation
iii. Voltage between adjacent commutator segments
iv. Specific magnetic loading.
Maximum value of armature core length,
L
max
= 7.5
T
c
N
c
B
av
V
a
Where T
c
=turns per coil
N
c
=no.of coils between adjacent segments
B
av
=specific magnetic loading
V
a
=peripheral speed
12
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
MAIN DIMENSIONS
CHOICE OF ARMATURE DIAMETER:
The factors to be considered for the choice of armature length are,
i. Peripheral speed
ii. Pole pitch
iii. Specific electric loading
iv. Induced emf per conductor
v. Power output.
Maximum value of armature diameter, D
max
=P
a
x10
-3
ac e
z
13
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
CHOICE OF SPECIFICMAGNETICLOADING:
The choice of average gap density or specific magnetic loading
dependsuponthefollowing:
Fluxdensityintheteeth.
Frequencyof fluxreversal.
Sizeof themachine.
Large values of flux density results in increased field mmf. Higher
valueof fieldmmf increasestheironloss, copper loss& cost of copper.
If frequency of flux reversal is high, then theiron loss inthearmature
core& teethwouldbehigh.
It is possible to use increased value of flux density as the size of the
machineincreases.
14
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
CHOICE OF SPECIFIC ELECTRIC LOADING:
The choice of specific electric loading depends on the following:
Temperature rise.
Size of the machine.
speed of the machine.
Armature reaction.
Voltage.
Commutation.
15
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
The general relations
Flux () =(MMF/ Reluctance) , Wb ;
Reluctance(S) =(l /a) , A/Wb ;
Permeance =( 1/S) , Wb/A ;
where l =length of the flux path, m ;
A =area of cross section for the flux path, m
2
; =permeability =
o

r ;

o =
absolutepermeability = 4 x 10
-7
H/m and
r
=relative permeability.
Magnetizing force (H)=mmf per unit length
=flux x reluctance per unit length
=x(1/length)x (length/a) =x (1/a)
=B/ . (where B=( / a)
(or ) B =H
16
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
17
Magnetic
circuit
calculations
Magnetic flux
density
Reluctance
for Air gap
In smooth
armature
Open
armature
slots
MMF for air
Gap
-Smooth Armature
-Open armature
slots
MMF for
teeth
-Graphical Method
-3 Ordinate method
-B
t1/3
Method
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
Reluctance of air gap in machines with smooth armature
Reluctance of air gap in machines with open armature slots
Without Fringing effect With Fringing effect
18
0
0
an
. . .sec . . . . .
g
g
s
g
g
s
l
S
Ly
S reluct ce
l airgaplength
permeability
Ly area of cross tion of airgap over one slot

=
=
=
=
=
0
( )
.
g
g
s s
g
l
S
L y w
w slot width

=
0
( )
' .
g
g
s cs s
cs
l
S
L y k w
k carter s coefficient slots

=
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
Gap contraction factor for slots
Gap contraction factor for ducts
Stator slot pitch
Rotor slot pitch
19
'
s s
gs
s cs s s
y y
k
y k w y
= =

gd
cd d d
L
k
L k n w
=

ss
s
D
y
S
=
2
g
sr
r
D l
y
S

=
. .
. .
. . .
. . .
os
or
s
r
w stator slot opening
w rotor slot opening
S no of stator slots
S no of rotor slots
=
=
=
=
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
20
Carters coefficient
Carters coefficient for stator slots
Carters coefficient for rotor slots
Gap contraction factor for stator slots
Gap contraction factor for rotor slots
1
1 (5 / )
css
g os
K
l w
=
+
1
1 (5 / )
csr
g or
K
l w
=
+
ss
gss
ss css os
y
K
y k w
=

sr
gsr
sr csr or
y
K
y k w
=

.
.
slot opening
gap length
=
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
21
MMF for Air Gap
mmf of air gap with smooth armature
mmf of air gap with open armature
=gap expansion factor
Field form factor =air gap density over the pole pitch
maximum flux density in the air gap
800,000
g av g
AT B l =
800,000
g av g g
AT B l k =
g
k
av
f
g
B
k
B
=
f
polearc
k
polepitch
= = av av
g
f
B B
B
k
= =
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
MMF CALCULATION FOR TEETH
Mmf required for teeth depends on area of cross section of tooth
and flux passing through it
The area of cross section depends on dimensions of tooth which in
turns depends on type of slots
Due to non uniform dimensions of the teeth, the following
problems may be occurred
(i) The teeth are tapered. The path of flux is not constant and gives
different values of flux density over the length of teeth
(ii) The sloth provides the parallel path for the flux, shunting the tooth
.teeth normally worked in saturation region and therefore their
permeability is low, the flux goes down to depth of the slots
22
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
There are 3 methods employed for the calculation of MMF required for the
teeth:-
Graphical method
The graph between the flux density and distance from the root of the tooth
is drawn
Total mmf for tooth is
23
t
t t
B
n A

=
. . .
t mean t mean s
AT at l at d
length of tooth slot depth
= =
=
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
24
There are 3 methods employed for the calculation of MMF required for
the teeth:-
Three ordinate method(Simpsons rule)
This method is based on assumption that the curve relating mmf
per metre, at with flux density is a parabola
at1=at for the root of tooth
at2=at for the center of tooth
at3=at for the tip of tooth
Mmf required for the tooth
1 2 3
4
6
mean
at at at
at
+ +
=
t mean t mean s
AT at l at d = =
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
25
There are 3 methods employed for the calculation of MMF required for
the teeth:-
B
t1/3
Method(most simplest method)
The method is based upon the assumption that value of mmf per metre, at
obtained for flux density at a section one third of tooth height from the narrow
end is the at
mean
Total mmf for tooth
1 1
3 3
t t s
t s
t
s
At at l at d
l d
l teethlength
d slotdepth
= =
=
=
=
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
NET LENGTH OF IRON
The length of the core is divided into packets of about 40 to 80 mm
widthseparatedbyvent spacers.
Vent spacers formventilatingducts throughwhichis air circulatedand
widthnormally variesfrom8to10mm.
(Iron space factor) Stacking Factor: Ratio of actual length of ironina
stackof assembledcoreplatestototal axial length of stack.
Grossironlength=corelength lengthof ventilatingducts
Net ironlength
26
s d d
L L n w =
[ ]
i i d d
L k L n w =
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
27
REAL AND APPARENT FLUX DENSITIES
The flux entering in to armature from air gap flows in teeth
If the flux density in teeth is high, mmf acting on the teeth is high
Always =Real flux <apparent flux density
Real flux density
Apparent flux density
. . . .
.
app
total flux in slot pitch
B
tooth area
=
. . .
.
real
actual flux in tooth
B
tooth area
=
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
The apparent flux density
28
. . . . .
. . . . .
( )
.
. . &
av
s i a
s i a
i i
i a
i i
a a
real
a i
i a
real a
i a
app real a
Total flux over a slot pitch
B
Iron area over a slot pitch
A A
A A
A
B
A A
wk t B B
A A
B B B K



=
+
= = = +
= +
= +
| |
=> = =
|
\ .
= +
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
Ai=tooth width x net iron length =w
t
L
i
Aa=total area iron area=Ly
s
- w
t
L
i
29
. ( . )
. ( . )
air area over slot
k
iron area over tooth
=
& 0.9
( 1)
.
1
.
: 1 1
i f f
a o real
real app a
real app o real
real app o real s
s
s
i t
a s s t i s
s
i t i t i
L S L S
whereB at
B B B k
B B at k
B B at k
Ly total area
k k
iron area L w
A L y w L Ly
Note K k
A w L w L

= =
=
=
=
=
= + = =

= = = =
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
SELECTION OF NUMBER OF POLES:
Selection of no.of poles depends on,
i. Frequency
ii. Length of commutator
iii. Weight of iron parts
iv. Labour charges
v. Weight of copper
vi. Cross over & distortion of field form.
The no.of poles are chosen such that the frequency lies between 25
to 50 Hz.
30
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
ADVANTAGES OF LARGE NUMBER OF POLES:
The large number of poles results in the reduction of the following:
Weight of armature core and yoke.
Cost of armature and field conductors.
Overall length and diameter of the machine.
Length of commutator.
Distortion of field form under load conditions.
DISADVANTAGES OF LARGE NUMBER OF POLES:
The large number of poles results in increase of the
following:
Frequency of flux reversals.
Labour charges.
Possibility of flash over between brush arms.
31
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
GUIDINGFACTORFOR CHOICE OF NO.OF POLES:
TheFrequencyshouldliebetween25to50Hz.
Thevalueof current per parallel pathislimitedto200amps, thus
thecurrent per brusharmshouldnot bemorethan400amps.
Current per parallel path=I
a
/P for lapwinding.
=I
a
/2 for wavewinding.
Current per brusharm =2I
a
/P for lapwinding.
=I
a
forwavewinding.
where, P=number of poles.
Thearmaturemmf shouldnot betoo large.Thenormal values of
Armaturemmf/polearelistedinthetable:
32
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
If therearemorethan onechoicefor no.of poles which satisfies the
above 3 conditions, then choose the largest value for poles.This
resultsinreductioninironandcopper.
Output (kW) Armature mmf/pole (AT)
Upto 100 5000 or less
100 to 500 5000 to 7500
500 to 1500 7500 to 10,000
Over 1500 Upto 12,500
33
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
SEPARATION OF D AND L:
In D.C machines the separation of D and L depends on
Pole proportions
The ratio of is usually between 0.64 to 0.72 (L/)
Square pole (L/) choose as 0.7 and practically the value of (L/) is 0.7 to 0.9
Moment of inertia
High inertia machines may required for impact load applications machines
designed with larger diameter
Peripheral speed.
Should not exceed 30m/s
Voltage between adjacent commutator segments.
Maximum voltage between segments
Limiting values Bgm=1.2wb/m
2
, Va=30m/s, Ecm=30, Tc=1, L=0.4m
34
2
cm gm a c
E B LV T =
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
ARMATURE DESIGN
Design of armature winding involves:
1. Choice of armature winding
2. Number of armature conductor
3. Number of armature coils
4. Number of armature slots
5. Cross section of armature conductors
6. Armature voltage drop
7. Depth of armature core
35
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
CHOICES OF ARMATURE WINDING:
DCmachinesemploy2general typesof doublelayer windings. Theyare:
Simplexlapwinding.
Progressivelapwinding
Retrogressivelapwinding
Simplexwavewinding.
These 2 types of windings primarily differ from each other in the
followingfactors:
The no.of coils between positive & negative brushes, i.e., no.of
parallel paths.
The manner in which the coil ends are connected to the commutator
segments.
36
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
COMPARISON OF LAP AND WAVE WINDING
LAP WINDING WAVE WINDING
1.The number of parallel paths is =
the no. of poles. (A=P)
2.Equaliser connections have to be
employed.
3.It is used for large capacity
machines when the current rating is
>400A.
4.Current through a conductor is
I
a
/P.
5.For a specified voltage rating, the
no. of armature conductors required
is P/2 times that of wave winding.
1.The number of parallel paths is
two.
2.Equaliser connections not needed.
3.It is used for small and medium
capacity machines .
4.Current through a conductor is
I
a
/2.
5.For a specified voltage rating, the
no. of armature conductors required
is 2/P times that of lap winding.
37
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
LAP WINDING WAVE WINDING
6.Since the lap winding has large
no. of conductors, the area
required for insulation is more
and so the slot area will be large.
Also the no. of coils will be large
& cost will be high.
7.For a specified current rating the
area of cross section of the
conductor is 2/P times that of wave
winding.
6.Since the wave winding has less
no.of conductors, the area required
for insulation is less and so the slot
area will be less. Also the no.of coils
will be less & cost will be less.
7.For a specified current rating the
area of cross section of the
conductor is P/2 times that of lap
winding.
38
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
NUMBER OF ARMATURE CONDUCTORS
Generated emf in the armature
( )
( )
min .
int . tan
int
. . . . . .
a m
a m
m
a m
a
E V I r generator
E V I r motor
where
v ter al voltage
r ernal resis ce
I r ernalvoltagedrop
number of armature conductors is given by
E
Z
np
= +
=
=
=
=
=
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
NUMBER OF ARMATURE COILS
Single turn coils used for lap windings
Multi turn coils used for wave windings
The number of turns per coils and number of coils are so chosen that
the voltage between adjacent commutator segments is limited
Normally the maximum voltage between adjacent segments at load
should not exceed 30V
Average voltage between adjacent segments at no load
Maximum at load
2
c c c av a
E T N B LV =
2 ( )
( )
c c c gm a
c c c gm a
E T N B LV lap
E T N B LV wave
=
=
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
NUMBER OF ARMATURE SLOTS
Factors to be considered when selecting the number of armature slots
Mechanical difficulties
Cooling of armature conductors
Flux pulsation
Commutation
Guiding factors for choice of number of armature slots
Slot pitch (25mm to 35mm) small machines -20mm
Slot loading =No of conductors in slot x current per conductor
(not exceed 1500 ampere conductor)
Flux pulsation (slot per pole is integral plus )
Commutation
(Slots per pole must be >9for better commutation process)
Suitability of winding (lap or wave)
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
SLOT DIMENSIONS
SLOT AREA = CONDUCTOR AREA / SLOT SPACE FACTOR
Slot space factor lies in range of 0.25 to 0.4
The dimensions of tooth should be chosen such that the flux density of
tooth doesnot exceed 2.1wb / m
2
Guideline for choosing the slot depth
Diameter of
armature in m
Slot depth in
mm
0.15 22
0.20 27
0.25 32
0.30 37
Diameter of
armature in m
Slot depth in
mm
0.40 42
0.50 45
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
ARMATURE VOLTAGE DROP
Length of mean turn of armature winding
Projection of coil outside the core
Resistance of each conductor
Resistance of each parallel path
Armature voltage drop
2 2.3 5
mt s
L L z d = + +
0.3 1.25
s s
L z d = +
1
.
2
mt
s
L
a

=
.
2
mt
z
L z
a a

=
a a
I r =
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
DEPTH OF ARMATURE CORE
Flux in the armature =(1/2) flux per pole
Area of armature core
Depth of armature
1
2
a
=
1
.
2
c
c i c
c c
A L d
B B

= = =
1
2
c
i c
d
L B

=
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
TYPES OF COMMUTATION:
The phenomena of commutation is affected by the resistance of the
brush, reactance emf induced by leakage flux and rotational emf
induced by armature flux.
Brush materials- Hard Carbon(20-30m/s), Metal graphite(20-30m/s),
Electro graphite(30-60m/s), Natural Graphite (50-60m/s)
Based on the factors affecting the commutation, the process of
commutation is classified into:
Resistance commutation.
Retarded commutation.
Accelerated commutation.
Sinusoidal commutation.
45
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
DESIGN OF COMMUTATOR AND BRUSHES
The number of commutator segments is equal to the number of coils.
The commutator diameter D
c
=6080 % of the armature diameter (D).
The peripheral speed is limited to 15m/s to 30m/s
Each brush should not carry more than 70A
Current carried by brush
Total brush contact area per spindle
Contact area of brushes in a spindle
a
b
=contact area of each brush
n
b
=no. of brushes per spindle
46
2 / ( )
( )
b a
b a
I I P lap
I I wave
=
=
/
b b b
A I =
b b b
A n a =
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
Thickness of brush
Width of brush
Length of commutator
C
b
=clearance between the brushes (usually 5mm)
C
1
=clearance allowed for stagering the brushes (10mm for small machine
and 30mm for large machine)
C
2
=clearance for allowing end play (10mm to 25mm)
Brush friction loss
P
b
=brush contact pressure on commuator N/m
2
A
B
=pA
b
for lap winding ; A
B
=2A
b
for wave winding ;
Vc=peripheral speed of commutator m/s ; =coefficient of friction
47
(1 3)
b c
t to =
b b
b
b b
b
A a
w
n t t
= =
1 2
( )
c b b b
L n w c c c = + + +
bf b B c
P P A V =
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
Commutator peripheral speed
Number of brushes per spindles
Actual commutator pitch
C=no. of commutator segments=no. of coils
48
c c
V D n =
. brush area
b
b
I
n
I
=
( 4 )
c
c c
D
always mm
C

= >
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY IN DC MACHINES
I
2
R losses :
copper loss in
i) Armature
ii) Field
iii) Inter pole winding
Rotational losses :
i) Friction & windage losses (bearings & commutator)
ii) Iron loss
a) Hysteresis loss .
b) Eddy current loss.
For the calculation of copper losses , the total length and area cross section of
each of the windings should be first calculated.
49
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0
Peripheral speed, v 45 m/s
Frequency of flux reversal, f 50 Hz
Current per brush arm 400 A
Armature MMF per pole 7000 A
The MMF required for the air gap =50% of the
armature MMF.
Gap contraction factor =1.1
The current per brush arm (I
a
) =2I
a
/p
For square poles: L = D/p
In the design process, choose of poles based on f & I
b
and then
calculate D and L.
50
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION USING DESIGN VALUES.
IFETCE/EEE/M.SUJ ITH/III YEAR/VI SEM/EE 2355/DEM/VER 1.0

You might also like