Giao Trinh Excel 2010

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam
Mc lc Excel 2010
I.
Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010 .................................................................................. 7
Thm tnh nng Sparkline ........................................................................................................................ 8 Tnh nng Slicers...................................................................................................................................... 9 nh dng d liu c iu kin .............................................................................................................. 10 PivotTables v PivotCharts..................................................................................................................... 11 Share Workbook.................................................................................................................................... 12 I. Ni dung chnh .............................................................................................................................. 12 Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel ...................................................................................... 12 1.1 Gii thiu Excel ...................................................................................................................... 12 Excel l g: .................................................................................................................................. 12 Ribbon l g? .............................................................................................................................. 16 S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu) ............................................................................. 17 1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s .................................................................... 18 Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel .................................................................................................. 18 Thu nh ca s Excel ................................................................................................................. 19 Phng to ca s Excel ................................................................................................................ 19 Thot khi Excel ...................................................................................................................... 19 1.3. Thao tc vi v vng............................................................................................................. 19 Nhn dng v vng (cells, range) ......................................................................................... 19 Chn vng.................................................................................................................................. 20 Sao chp v di chuyn vng ....................................................................................................... 20 Dn c bit (Paste Special) ..................................................................................................... 21 t tn vng ............................................................................................................................ 23
Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam Thm ch thch cho ................................................................................................................. 23 Chn, xa , dng v ct........................................................................................................ 24 Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng ............................................................................... 26 Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split) .......................................................................................... 28 Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu ............................................................................................ 28 1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt ....................................................................... 28 Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang ...................................................................................... 28 Thanh Sheet tab ......................................................................................................................... 29 S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn ............................................................................ 29 1.5 Thao tc vi workbook ............................................................................................................. 31 To mi workbook .................................................................................................................... 31 Lu workbook............................................................................................................................ 32 ng workbook ......................................................................................................................... 34 Sp xp workbook...................................................................................................................... 34 1.6. Thao tc vi worksheet ........................................................................................................... 35 Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook ............................................................................. 35 i tn worksheet ................................................................................................................... 36 Xa worksheet ........................................................................................................................... 36 Sp xp th t cc worksheet ............................................................................................... 36 Sao chp worksheet ................................................................................................................... 37 Chn mu cho sheet tab ............................................................................................................ 37 n/ Hin worksheet .................................................................................................................. 38 1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc .................................................... 38 S dng thanh Zoom .................................................................................................................. 39 2
Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s ........................................................................... 39 Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu ................................................... 39 S dng Watch Window ............................................................................................................ 41 Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel ............................................................................................ 41 2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh .............................................................................................................. 41 Nhp liu .................................................................................................................................. 41 Nhp cc k t c bit .............................................................................................................. 42 Hiu ch nh ni dung ................................................................................................................ 43 Nhp ln c sn ni dung ................................................................................................... 44 S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu ............................................................................................. 44 2.2. nh dng ............................................................................................................................... 48 nh dng chung ....................................................................................................................... 48 T ng nh dng c iu kin ................................................................................................. 56 Bng v nh dng bng (table) .................................................................................................. 57 S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes) ................................................................. 59 2.3 Tm v thay th d liu............................................................................................................. 60 2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu ............................................................................................................... 61 Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm ........................................................................................... 65 3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm: ................................................................................................... 65 Gii thiu cng thc (Formula) .................................................................................................. 65 Gii thiu hm (Function) .......................................................................................................... 67 Nhp cng thc v hm ............................................................................................................. 68 Tham chiu trong cng thc ...................................................................................................... 70 Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors) ......................................................................................... 72 3.2 Cc hm trong excel ................................................................................................................. 73 a. Nhm hm v thng k .......................................................................................................... 73 3
Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut........................................................................................... 75 c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh .................................................................... 77 d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions .................................................................................. 78 e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l{ C s d liu v Danh sch ................................................... 82 f. HM TON HC V LNG GIC ........................................................................................... 99 g. HM X L VN BN V D LIU ........................................................................................ 113 Chng 4: Khai Thc C S D Liu ..................................................................................................... 130 4.1. Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) ................................................................................................... 130 Sp xp .................................................................................................................................... 130 Lc d liu ............................................................................................................................... 131 4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart ........................................................................................................ 132 4.2.1 Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart ..................................................................................... 133 To mt bo co PivotTable n gin ...................................................................................... 133 4.2.2 Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable ................................................................................ 147 4.2.3 S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable .............................................. 160 Chng 5: Th Trong Excel .............................................................................................................. 172 5.1 Gii thiu th ..................................................................................................................... 172 5.2. V th ............................................................................................................................... 173 5.3. Cc thao tc trn th ......................................................................................................... 178 a. Nhn bit cc thnh phn trn th ................................................................................... 178 Cc thnh phn thng ng ..................................................................................................... 178 t s thnh phn ch c trong th 3 -D ............................................................................... 178 b. Cc thao tc vi th ......................................................................................................... 179 Chn thnh phn trn th .................................................................................................... 179 Di chuyn th ....................................................................................................................... 179 Sao ch p th ........................................................................................................................ 180 a th ................................................................................................................................ 180 4
Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam Thm cc thnh phn ca th .............................................................................................. 180 Sp xp v xa cc thnh phn ca th ................................................................................ 180 n th ................................................................................................................................... 180 c. Hiu chnh v nh dng th ............................................................................................. 181 Hiu chnh Chart Area .............................................................................................................. 181 Hiu chnh Flot Area................................................................................................................. 182 Hiu chnh tiu th, ch thch, tiu trc honh v trc tung, .................................... 182 Hiu chnh ng li ngang v c ........................................................................................ 184 d. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th ............................................................................ 188 a bt mt chui s liu khi th ....................................................................................... 188 Thm chui mi vo th ...................................................................................................... 188 Thay i chui s liu .............................................................................................................. 189 Thm ng xu hng vo th ............................................................................................ 191 Chng 6: nh Dng Trang V In Bng Tnh ........................................................................................ 192 6.1. Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel..................................................................................... 192 6.2. Thit lp thng s cho trang in .............................................................................................. 193 6.3. Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print ......................................................................................... 198 6.4. Cc lu { khc ....................................................................................................................... 200 Chng 7: Lm Vic Vi Macro, Templates.......................................................................................... 200 7.1 Macro .................................................................................................................................... 200 Ghi mt Macro ......................................................................................................................... 200 Thc thi Macro ........................................................................................................................ 202 Chng 8: Phm Tt V Th Thut ....................................................................................................... 203 8.1 Phm Tt ................................................................................................................................ 203 a. Truy cp Ribbon bng bn phm .......................................................................................... 203 b. Phm tt ................................................................................................................................... 203 8.2 Th thut ............................................................................................................................... 206 5
Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Dch s tin v ch (Chuyn s thnh ch) .......................................................................... 206 Giu bng tnh Excel chuyn nghip ..................................................................................... 212 Kha v bo v nhng c cha cng thc ......................................................................... 212 S dng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngun nm trong mt Sheet khc ........................... 219 iu khin Conditional Formating bng checkbox. ............................................................... 221 nh u nhng cha cng thc bng Conditional Formatting ......................................... 228 S dng chc nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng mong mun. ..................... 229 Chuyn i con s dng vn bn sang s thc ..................................................................... 230 Tng thm s ln Undo cho Excel ......................................................................................... 232
10. Tch h v tn trong cng mt ct trn bng tnh Excel ....................................................... 236 11. To mc lc trong Excel ....................................................................................................... 237
I. Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010 1. Chc nng Backstage View Giao din ribbon ca Office 2010 c a vo tt c cc ng dng trong gi Office 2010. Cng c Backstage View c truy cp qua phm Office (gc trn bn tri), h tr s dng cc tc v nh lu ti liu hoc in n.
Thanh nh hng bn tri ca Backstage View cha nhiu lnh, nh cho php ai sa ti liu, kch c file...
Thm tnh nng Sparkline
Excel lun c d liu th v biu rt phong ph m t d liu v xu hng. Vi Excel 2010, Microsoft b sung thm mt tnh nng mi - Sparklines. Tnh nng ny cho php ngi dng t mt th c nh (mini) hay mt dng nhn nh khuynh hng trong mt (cell). Sparklines l cch nhanh nht v n gin nht thm thnh phn th hin th vo mt cell.
Sparkline l cch hu ch thm mt y u t tr c quan nhanh v g n.
Tnh nng Slicers

Slicers l mt trong nhng tnh nng trong Excel 2010 c th gip bn gii thch d liu ca bn d dng hn. Mt cch nhanh chng, b n c ci nhnh trc quan su thng qua s lng ln d liu.
V d, bn c th s dng Slicers lc thng qua cc d liu ca bn v c th nhanh chng tm thy nhng thng tin c lin quan
Khi d liu trong bng tr (Pivot Table) thay i, Slicer s t ng c cp nht.
nh dng d liu c iu kin

Chc nng conditional format mi bao gm nhi kiu nh dng v icons v kh nng t sng ch nhng mc c ch nh nh gi tr ln nht, nh nht .. vi ch 1 c click chut y l chc nng rt hay trong Excel 2010. N u bn c mt bng vi nhiu s liu khc nhau, thng thng nh gi d liu, chng ta thng dng cc hm rt trch v l c d liu. Tuy nhin, vi chc nng ny, bn khng cn dng hm, cng khng cn ly d liu ra khi bng m vn c th nh gi chnh xc d liu qua cch lm ni bt cc theo mt iu kin nh sn. Th c hin nh sau: qut ch n mt ct hoc dng d liu cn nh gi, sau bm nt Conditional Formatting, mt menu hin ra vi cc ty ch n: Kiu nh gi sng lc: Kiu nh gi ny s sng l c d liu ca bn ngay ti trong bng ch khng phi trch ring ra ngoi nh cc phin bn Excel trc y. Chng trnh th c hin sng l c ti ch bng cch lm ni bt ln nhng ng vi iu kin hoc quy lut do bn quy nh. Sau y l hai nhm quy lut chnh: Highlight Cells Rules: lm ni bt cc theo mt trong cc iu kin: Greater Than... (ln hn), Less Than... (nh hn), Equal To (bng) mt gi tr so snh no , Between (gia 2 gi tr), Text that Contains ( ch c cha chui k t quy nh), A Date Occurring (theo qung thi gian), Duplicate Values ( d liu trng nhau). Khi bn ch n xong mt iu kin lm ni bt, s xut hin mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp gi tr cn so snh v mu t ni bt cho ph hp vi iu kin so snh . Xong, bn bm OK chng trnh th c thi trong bng tnh. - Top/Bottom Rules: quy lut ny gm cc iu kin: Top 10 Items (nh du 10 c gi tr ln nht), Top 10% (nh du 10% s c gi tr ln nht), tng t vi Bottom 10 Items v Bottom 10%, Above Average ( c gi tr ln hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng), Below Average ( c gi tr nh hn gi tr trung bnh ca ct/hng). Khi bn ch n nh gi theo d liu hng Top hoc Bottom, mt hp thoi yu cu bn nhp s cn lm ni, chng hn nh Top 10 hay 20, Top 10% hay 20%... l ty bn tinh chnh, sau bm OK hon tt. Kiu nh gi hin th mc : - Data Bars: bn bm ch n kiu nh gi ny, ch n mt mu ng trong menu hin ra. Khi , trong vng d liu ca bn s xut hin ct mu nh gi mc d liu gip bn d
10
dng so snh cng nh nhn ra s tng gim ca s liu nhp vo. Ct mu cng di th s liu ca bn cng c gi tr cao, ngc li l nhng gi tr thp. - Color Scales: kiu nh gi ny s t mu cho cc d liu theo 3 mu khc nhau, ng vi mi mu l mc thp, trung bnh v mc cao. Khi ch n nh m Color Scales, bn hy ch n mt nhm mu bn thch trong menu hin ra v s thy chng trnh p dng ln vng ch n ca bn. Bn cng c th to quy lut mu theo mnh bng cch ch n Color Scales > More Rules. - Icon Sets: bm ch n Icon Sets, ch n mt nhm biu tng mong mu n, chng trnh s t ng t cc biu tng trc d liu ca bn, gip bn c ci nhn tr c quan v bng tnh. V d du biu th s liu mc cao nht, du biu th s liu mc trung bnh, v du biu th s liu thp di c mc trung bnh, ng bo ng. Mi biu tng ng vi mt mc , chng trnh s t ng tnh ton gi tr trung bnh ca ton ct hoc dng ang so snh v ti n hnh t biu tng thch hp vo tng theo gi tr phn trm m t c so vi mc chung ca c ct hoc dng. Bn c th nh li quy lut nh gi ny bng cch ch n More Rules trong nhm Icon Sets. Ngoi nhng kiu nh dng c iu kin trn, bn c th to ring cho mnh nhng quy lut nh gi khc bng cch bm nt Conditional Formatting > New Rule, tuy nhin vic ny rt mt thi gian. T t nht bn nn s dng nhng quy lut c sn m Excel cung cp rt y cho bn. Khi bn khng va vi cc nh dng ch n, xa chng m khng mt d liu, bn bm Conditional Formatting > Clear Rules, ch n mt trong cc kiu xa nh Clear Rules from: Selected Cells (ch xa trong ct ch n), Entire Sheet (xa trong c sheet), This Table (ch xa trong bng ang x l). C th ni nhm cng c nh dng ny ca Excel 2010 rt th v, n cho php chng ta to ra nhng bng tnh c trnh by rt khoa h c v bt mt. c bit nht l tnh t ng cao, giao din bng tnh p v kh nng nh gi, sng l c d liu chun xc v c o. Chc chn khi s dng chc nng ny, bn s thy hng th hn rt nhiu khi x l d liu v tn h ton trong Excel.
PivotTables v PivotCharts
Gi ng nh PivotTables, PivotCharts cng c th c hin mt cch d dng trong giao din mi ny. Tt c nhng ci thin mi v vic l c c cung cp cho PivotCharts. Khi bn to
11
mt PivotChart, cc cng c PivotChart c bit v cc menu ni dung c cung cp b n c th phn tch d liu trong biu . Bn cng c th thay i layout, style v nh dng ca biu hoc cc thnh phn khc ca n theo cng mt cch m bn c th th c hin cho cc biu thng thng. Trong Office Excel 2010, vic nh dng biu m bn p dng c duy tr khi thay i sang PivotChart, iu ny l mt b sung nng cp theo cch m n lm vic trong cc phin bn Excel trc y. Share Workbook
Microsoft Excel 2010 c th tch hp vi SharePoint cung cp cc cng c qun l n i dung d hiu, thun tin cho vic chia s kinh nghim, tri thc, nng cao nng sut lm vic nhm. I. Ni dung chnh
Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel 1.1 Gii thiu Excel Excel l g: Microsoft Excel l mt phn mm hay l mt chng trnh ng dng, m khi chyr chng trnh ng dng ny s to ra mt bng tnh v bng tnh ny gip ta d dng hn trong vic th c hin: Tnh ton i s , phn tch d liu Lp bng biu bo co, t chc danh sch
12
Truy cp cc ngun d liu khc nhau V th v cc s T ng ha cc cng vic bng cc macro V nhiu ng dng khc gip chng ta c th phn tch nhiu loi hnh bi ton khc nhau. Workbook: Trong Excel, mt workbook l mt tp tin m trn bn lm vic (tnh ton, v th, ) v lu tr d liu. V m i workbook c th cha nhiu sheet (bng tnh), do vy bn c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin (file). Mt workbook cha rt nhiu worksheet hay chart sheet ty thuc vo b nh my tnh ca bn. Worksheet: Cn g i tt l sheet, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu, n cn c g i l bng tnh. Mt worksheet cha nhiu (cell), cc c t chc thnh cc ct v cc dng. Worksheet c cha trong workbook. Mt Worksheet cha c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng (phin bn c ch cha c 256 ct v 65,536 dng). Chart sheet: Cng l mt sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt th. Mt chart sheet rt hu ch khi bn mu n xem ring l tng th. Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc sheet s th hin trn cc tab t ti gc tri di ca ca s workbook. di chuyn t sheet ny sang sheet khc ta ch vic nhp chut vo tn sheet cn n trong thanh sheet tab.
Cc thnh phn ca Workbook

13
Excel 2010 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l .XLSX (d a trn chun XML gip vic trao i d liu gia cc ng dng c d dng hn) thay cho nh dng chun trc y l .XLS.
Giao din Excel Nt lnh Office cha cc lnh rt thng hay s dng nh to tp tin mi, m tp tin, lu tp tin, v danh mc cc tp tin m trc . Nt lnh Office gi ng nh th c n File ca cc phin bn trc. Chng ta c th ch bi n thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh cha cc lnh m ta hay s dng nht. Nhn vo m danh mc cc lnh v vo cc lnh cn cho hin ln thanh lnh
truy cp nhanh. N u cc nt lnh y cn qu t bn c th nhn ch n More Commands m ca s iu ch thanh lnh truy cp nhanh.
14
Cc lnh trong th c n Office
15
Bng l a ch n lnh truy cp nhanh
Hp thoi ch bi n thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh Ribbon l g? Ribbon: Excel 2010 thay i giao din ngi dng t vic s dng cc thanh th c n truyn th ng thnh cc cm lnh d dng truy cp c trnh by ngay trn mn hnh g i l Ribbon. C cc nhm Ribbon chnh: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Reviews, View, Developer, Add-Ins.
Thanh cng c Ribbon
16
Home: L ni cha cc nt lnh c s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm vic nh: ct, dn, sao chp, nh dng ti liu, cc kiu mu c sn, chn hay xa dng ho c ct, sp x p, tm ki m, l c d liu, Insert: Chn cc loi i tng vo bng tnh nh: bng biu, v s , th, k hiu, Page Layout: Cha cc nt lnh v vic hin th bng tnh v thi t lp in n. Formulas: Chn cng thc, t tn vng (range), cng c kim tra theo di cng thc, iu khin vic tnh ton ca Excel. Data: Cc nt lnh thao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch, phn tch d liu, Review: Cc nt lnh kim l i chnh t, h tr dch t, thm ch thch vo cc , cc thi t lp bo v bng tnh. View: Thi t lp cc ch hin th ca bng tnh nh: phng to, thu nh, chia mn hnh, Developer: Tab ny mc nh c n v n ch hu dng cho cc lp trnh vin, nhng ngi c hiu bi t v VBA. m nhm ny nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular Chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon. Add-Ins: Tab ny ch xut hin khi Excel m mt tp tin c s dng cc tin ch b sung, cc hm b sung, S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu) Khi mu n th c hin mt thao tc no trn i tng (, vng, bng biu, th, hnh v) trong bng tnh, bn hy nhp phi chut ln i tng . Lp tc mt thanh th c n hin ra cha cc lnh thng dng c th hiu chnh hay p dng cho i tng m bn ch n.
17
Th c n ng cnh 1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s 1.2.1. M Excel Thao tc: B1. T mn hnh (ca s) chnh ca Windows nhp chut nt Start gc di bn tri B2. Di chuyn chut ln trn n ch All Programs, ri di chuyn chut sang phi ch n Microsoft Office, sau di chuyn chut n ch Microsoft Office Excel 2010 th dng li. B3. Nhp chut vo biu tng Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel khi ng Excel.
Cc nt iu khin ca s Excel
18
Thu nh ca s Excel Thao tc ny ch th c hin c khi ca s ang m to Nhp chut chut vo nt Taskbar ca Windows bn cnh nt Start. Phng to ca s Excel Thao tc: Thao tc ny ch th c hin c khi ca s ang b thu nh Nhp chut vo biu tng pha di mn hnh Thot khi Excel Thao tc: Nhp chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi thot khi Excel. Hoc cng c th thot thu g n ca Excel trn thanh Taskbar bn gc
trn cng bn phi. Khi ca s Excel s c thu g n li thnh mt biu tng trn thanh
Excel bng cch nhn nt Office chn Exit Excel. 1.3. Thao tc vi v vng Nhn dng v vng (cells, range) a ch mt trong Excel c xc nh bi tiu ct v s th t ca dng. Mt vng trong bng tnh c xc nh bng a ch ca gc trn bn tri ca vng v a ch gc di bn phi ca vng (c du : phn cch). c bit, a ch ca c mt ct hoc dng c xc nh l <tn ct>:<tn ct> (v d ct A th c xc nh ngn g n l A:A) v <s
dng>:<s dng> (v d a ch ca c mt dng 4 l 4:4). V d: Hnh bn di hin hnh c a ch l B11 v n c tiu ct l B v s dng l 11,
vng c bao bi nt chm t c a ch l H2:H12 v u tin ca vng c a ch l H2 v cu i ca vng l H12.
19
a ch v vng Chn vng N u dng chut, trc tin bn dng chut di chuyn hin hnh n gc trn bn tri ca vng cn ch n, sau gi tri chut ko xu ng di qua phi n v tr cu i cng ca vng v th chut. N u dng phm th sau khi ch n u tin bn gi phm Shift trong khi nhn phm v n cu i ca vng v th cc phm. (Bn cng c th lm ngc li l ch n cu i ca vng trc v ko ch n n u tin). Khi mu n ch n c sheet hin hnh th nhn <Ctrl+A>, cn mu n ch n c workbook (ngha l ch n tt c cc sheet) th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v ch n Select All Sheets. Sao chp v di chuyn vng Sao chp (copy) gip ta nhn bn mt vng no n mt ni no trong bng tnh v d liu g c cn nguyn, cn di chuyn vng th cng nh sao chp nhng d liu g c s c di di n v tr mi. sao chp hay di chuyn trc tin bn phi ch n vng cn sao chp hay di chuyn, sau c th dng nt lnh, phm tt hay dng chut th c hin: Dng Ribbon: Ch n vng Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt (Copy hay Cut), n ni ch v Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt c th g i cc lnh trn t th c n ng cnh nhp phi chut. hay (Paste). Bn
20
Chut: Ch n vng gi tri chut v gi thm phm Ctrl n u l sao chp (khng gi thm phm Ctrl s l lnh di chuyn) ko chut ti ni ch cn sao chp hay di chuyn n v th chut. Dn c bit (Paste Special) Trong qu trnh sao chp i khi chng ta cn dn ni dung sao chp hay ct t b nh vo vi mt s ch n l c no , khi thay v dng lnh Paste bn hy s dng Paste Special Sau khi ch n vng, ra lnh Copy, n ch cn sao chp n v nhp phi chut, ch n lnh Paste Special. hp thoi Paste Special c mt s l a ch n nh bng sau:
Gii thch hp thoi Paste Special Hng mc All Formulas Values Formats M t Dn c gi tr v nh dng ca vng ngun Dn gi tr v cng thc, khng nh dng Ch dn gi tr v k t qu ca cng thc, khng nh dng Ch dn vo nh dng, b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc
21
Comments Validation All using source theme All except borders Column widths Formulas and number formats Values and number formats None Add Subtract
Ch dn vo ch thch ca cc , b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc Ch dn vo cc qui nh xc th c d liu cho vng ch Dn vo m i th v dng mu nh dng t vng ngun Dn vo m i th v loi b cc khung vin Ch dn vo thng tin qui nh chiu rng ct Dn vo gi tr, cng thc v cc nh dng g c ca cc con s , cc nh dng khc b loi b. Dn vo gi tr, k t qu ca cng thc v cc nh dng g c ca cc con s . Khng km theo vic tnh ton no trn d liu sp dn vo Cng cc gi tr ca vng ngun vo cc tng ng vng ch Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s tr i cc tng ng ca vng ngun.
Multiply
Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s nhn vi cc tng ng ca vng ngun.
Divide
Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s chia cho cc tng ng ca vng ngun
Skip blanks
. Khng dn cc rng vng ngun vo c gi tr vng ch
Transpose Paste Link
Dn vo v o dng thnh ct hoc ngc li Dn vo v tham chi u ch n ngun
22
t tn vng Vic t tn vng c li rt ln trong qu trnh thao thc v x l tnh ton nh: vng c gn tn s gip gi nh v d hiu cng dng ca n hn l cc a ch n thun, t tn gip vic tham chi u tnh ton t sai st hn v di chuyn hay ch n cc vng c t tn rt nhanh chng t Name box (hoc dng Go to F5). Tn di t i a 255 k t khng
cha khong trng v du chm, tn phi bt u l k t khng c bt u l s , tn

khng c t gi ng cc a ch tham chi u. t tn trc tin ta ch n vng cn t tn ch n nhm Formulas Defined Names Define Name, hp thoi New Name hin ra. y, bn hy nhp tn vng vo hp Name ch n Scope, nhp ch thch n u cn, xong th nhn OK. Ngoi ra bn cn c th t tn tr c ti p t hp Name box hoc t tn cho vng ch n t Formulas Defined Names Create from Selection hoc dng th c n ng cnh.
Mu n m hp thoi qun l cc tn t bn vo nhm Formulas Defined Names Name Manager. T hp thoi bn c th t tn mi, hiu chnh thng tin cho cc tn hin hoc xa tn ca cc vng khng dng n, Thm ch thch cho hm ch thch vo cc gip cho vic hiu chnh v hiu thng tin m ang cha c r rng hn. thm ch thch v , chn ch n nhm Review Comments New Comment v hy nhp ch thch vo. Ngoi ra bn c th nhp phi chut ln cn ch thch v ch n Insert Comment.
23
c ch thch ch cn r chut ln c ch thch ho c vo Review Comments Next hay Previous. n/ hin ch thch vo Review Comments Show All Comments (n/ hin tt c) hoc Show/ Hide Comment (n/ hin ch thch ang ch n). Hiu chnh ch thch vo ch n cn hiu chnh ch thch Review Comments Edit Comment. Ngoi ra nhanh bn c th nhp phi chut v ch n Edit Comment t th c n ng cnh. Xa ch thch vo ch n cn xa ch thch Review Comments Delete. Hoc nhp phi chut v ch n Delete Comment.
Minh h a cho hin cc ch thch Chn, xa , dng v ct Chng ta c th chn thm cc vo bn tri ho c bn trn ca hin hnh trong worksheet v dch chuyn cc ang ch n qua phi hoc xu ng di. Tng t , ta c th chn thm cc dng bn trn, chn thm cc ct vo bn tri v c th xa i cc , cc dng v ct. Chn trng B1. Ch n cc m bn mu n chn cc tr ng vo (mu n ch n cc khng lin tc th gi Ctrl trong khi ch n cc ).
24
B2. Ch n Home ch n nhm Cells Insert Insert Cells B3. Ch n l a ch n ph hp trong hp thoi Insert Chn dng B1. Ch n mt hoc nhiu dng lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mu n chn s dng tng ng pha trn cc dng ny. B2. Ch n Home ch n nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Rows
Minh h a chn cc dng tr ng ln trn cc dng ang ch n Chn ct B1. Ch n mt hoc nhiu ct lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mu n chn s ct tng ng pha bn tri cc ct ny. B2. Ch n Home ch n nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Columns Xa cc , dng v ct B1. Ch n cc , cc dng ho c cc ct cn xa B2. Ch n Home Cells Delete ch n kiu xa ph hp (xem hnh)
25
Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng Trong worksheet ta c th qui nh rng ct t 0 n 255, y chnh l s k t c th hin th trong mt dng. rng mc nh ca ct l 8.43 k t , khi rng l 0 th ct c n i. Tng t , chiu cao ca dng qui nh t 0 n 409, y l n v o lng bng im (point: 1 point = 1/72 inch). Chiu cao mc nh ca dng l 12.75 point, khi chiu cao l 0 th dng b n i. Cc bc iu chnh dng ct: B1. Ch n dng hoc ct cn iu chnh chiu cao hoc rng B2. Ch n Home Cells Format Ch n lnh ph hp Row Height ch n lnh ny qui nh chiu cao ca dng AutoFit Row Height ch n lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh chiu cao dng cho ph hp vi n i dung. Column Width ch n lnh ny qui nh rng ct AutoFit Column Width ch n lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh rng ct cho ph hp vi n i dung. Default Width ch n lnh ny khi bn mu n qui nh li rng mc nh cho worksheet hay c workbook. Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch ch n c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi th c hin lnh. Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc nhanh hn. Mu n thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct.
26
Tng t , mu n thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xu ng di tng chiu cao dng.
Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch ch n c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi th c hin lnh. Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc nhanh hn. Mu n thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim
rng ct. Tng t , mu n thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu chiu cao dng. v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xu ng di tng
27
Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split)
Ni nhiu thnh mt
Khi n i nhiu thnh mt , n u tt c cc u c d liu th bn cn chuyn h t d liu ln gc trn cng bn tri ca nhm cn merge v ch c d liu ca ny c gi li, d liu ca cc khc s b xa. B1. Ch n cc cn n i li. B2. Ch n Home Alignment ch n Merge & Center. canh chnh d liu trong dng cc nt canh chnh trong nhm Algnment.
Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu Sau khi chuyn n i v li nhiu th n i dung s hin ti gc trn cng bn tri. B1. Ch n ang b n i. B2. Ch n Home Alignment ch n li Merge & Center hoc Unmerge Cells u c. 1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt Bn c th dng chut, cc phm , thanh cu n d c, thanh cu n ngang, sheet tab, cc t hp phm tt di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet hay i n cc ni bt k trong bng tnh. Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang Thanh cu n d c v thanh cu n ngang c g i chung l cc thanh cu n (scroll bars). Bi v mn hnh Excel ch c th hin th (cho xem) mt phn ca bng tnh ang thao tc, nn ta
28
phi dng thanh cun dc xem phn bn trn hay bn di bng tnh v dng thanh cun ngang xem phn bn tri hay bn phi ca bng tnh. Thanh cu n d c l thanh di nht, nm d c bn l phi; hai u c hai mi tn ln v mi tn xu ng; gia c thanh trt cu n mn hnh ln xu ng. Thanh cu n ngang l thanh nm ngang, th hai t di mn hnh m ln. C hnh dng gi ng thanh cu n d c, ch khc l nm ngang.
Thanh cu n ngang Thao tc: Nhp chut vo mi tn sang tri cu n mn hnh i sang tri. Nhp chut vo mi tn sang phi cu n mn hnh sang phi. Thanh Sheet tab di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet ta nhp chut ln tn ca sheet trn thanh sheet tab. Ngoi ra chng ta c th dng <Ctrl + Page Up> di chuyn n sheet lin trc sheet hin hnh v <Ctrl+Page Down> di chuyn n sheet lin sau sheet hin hnh. tr v sheet u tin bn nhp chut v nt chut vo nt trn thanh trn thanh sheet tab v n sheet cu i cng th bn nhp sheet tab. N u mu n n mt sheet no trong trng hp c v ch n tn sheet cn n.
qu nhiu sheet th bn hy nhp phi chut vo thanh
S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn n c ni cn thi t trong bng tnh ngoi vic dng chut cu n cc thanh cu n ngang v d c, cc phm mi tn th bn nn nh cc t hp phm bng bn di gip di chuyn c nhanh hn.
29
Cc phm tt di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh
Nhn phm
Di chuyn
hoc Tab hoc Shift + Tab Home Ctrl + Home Ctrl + End Alt + Page Up Alt + Page Down Page Up Page Down F5 End + hoc Ctrl + End + hoc Ctrl + End + hoc Ctrl + End + hoc Ctrl + Ctrl + Page Up Ctrl + Page Down
Sang bn phi Sang bn tri Ln dng Xu ng dng n ct A ca dng hin hnh n a ch A1 trong worksheet n a ch c cha d liu sau cng trong worksheet Di chuyn hin hnh qua tri mt mn hnh Di chuyn hin hnh qua phi mt mnh hnh Di chuyn hin hnh ln trn mt mn hnh Di chuyn hin hnh xu ng di mt mn hnh M hp thoi Go To n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l tr ng n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l tr ng Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l tr ng Xu ng pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l tr ng Di chuyn n sheet pha trc sheet hin hnh Di chuyn n sheet pha sau sheet hin hnh
30
1.5 Thao tc vi workbook To mi workbook Ch n nt Office New, mt hp thoi hin ra (xem hnh bn di) cung cp nhiu l a ch n to workbook nh: workbook tr ng, workbook theo mu d ng sn, workbook d a trn mt workbook c. to workbook tr ng, bn ch n Blank workbook v nhp nt Create.
M workbook c sn trn a Mt tp tin c sn c th c m bng nhiu cch: 1. Ch n nt Office ch n tn tp tin trong danh sch Recent Documents, c th c t i a 50 tn tp tin c s dng gn y nht trong danh sch ny ( iu chnh th
31
nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Advance phn Display Show this number of Recent Documents ). 2. Dng trnh qun l tp tin nh Windows Explorer, tm n ni lu tr tp tin v nhp chut hai ln ln tn tp tin. 3. Ch n nt Office Open, hp thoi Open hin ra. Trong hp thoi Open, chng ta phi tm n ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v ch n tn tp tin cn m sau nhn nt Open m tp tin. Cc ty ch n ca nt Open trong hp thoi Open: Open (m bnh thng), Open Read-Only (Khng lu c nhng thay i), Open as Copy (To bn sao ca tp tin v m ra), Open in Browser (M tp tin bng trnh duyt web mc nh), Open and Repair (Rt hu dng trong trng hp tp tin b l i).
Lu workbook t iu cn lu khi lm vic trn my tnh l cc bn phi nh th c hin lnh lu li cng vic th c hin thng xuyn. Vic ra lnh lu tr khng t n nhiu thi gian nhng n u my b hng hay cp in t ngt c th mt tong c gi lm vic ca bn. Nhm an ton cho d liu, bn nn bt tnh nng Auto Recover, Excel s t ng th c hin lnh lu theo thi gian qui nh (mc nh l 10 pht lu mt ln). s dng tnh nng Auto Recover bn ch n nt Office Excel Options Save, sau nh du ch n vo Save AutoRecover information every minutes.
32
Mt s cch lu workbook: 1. Ch n nt Office Save 2. Nhp chut ln nt trn thanh lnh truy cp nhanh (Quick Access Tollbar).
3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+S> hoc <Shift+F12>. N u tp tin c lu trc ri th Excel s lu ti p cc phn cp nht, cn n u l tp tin c ra lnh lu ln u th hp thoi Save As hin ra. Trong hp thoi Save As, bn hy ch n ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v t tn cho tp tin ti hp File name, ch n kiu tp tin ti Save as type v sau nhn nt Save lu tr.
Minh h a lu tp tin Qui tt t tn: t tn tp tin Excel dng chung qui t t t tn tp tin ca Windows. Tn tp tin c th di ti 255 k t bao gm c khong trng. Tuy nhin trong tn t p tin khng c dng cc k hiu nh: \ ? : * < > | bo mt tp tin, chng ta c th gn mt m bo v, khi cn phi bi t mt m mi c php m tp tin (tr nhng cch t o!).
33
B1. Nhn nt Office Save As, hp thoi Save As hin ra. B2. Nhn nt Tools ch n General Options, hp thoi General Options hin ra B3. Nhp mt m m v hiu chnh workbook (hai mt m ny nn khc nhau tng bo mt). Sau nhn nt OK B4. Xc nhn li mt m m workbook. Sau nhn nt OK B5. Xc nhn li mt m hiu chnh workbook. Sau nhn nt OK B6. Nhn nt Save hon tt.
Dng mt m bo v workbook Cc ty ch n trong hp General Options: Always create backup (to bn sao c ui *.xlk trc khi gn mt m), Password to Open (mt m m workbook), Password to modify (mt m cp nht n i dung workbook), Read-only recommended (m di dng ch c). ng workbook Mt s cch ng workbook: 1. Ch n nt Office Close 2. Dng chut ch n nt gc trn bn phi (trn thanh tiu ).
3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+F4> hoc <Ctrl+W>. N u workbook c s thay i n i dung th Excel s nhc bn lu li cc thay i . Sp xp workbook Chi m nhiu workbook cng lc v cn tham kho qua li, thun tin ta nn sp x p li: R chut nhn vo nhm lnh View ch n nt Arrange All Ch n kiu b tr thch hp.
34
Sp x p cc workbook trong ca s Excel 1.6. Thao tc vi worksheet Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook C nhiu cch th c hin: 1. Nhn vo nt trn thanh sheet tab
2. Dng t hp phm <Shift+F11> chn sheet mi vo trc sheet hin hnh. 3. Nhn ch n nhm Home n nhm Cells Insert Insert sheet 4. Nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v ch n Insert, hp thoi Insert hin ra, ch n Worksheet v nhn nt OK. Sheet mi s chn vo trc sheet hin hnh.
35
Minh h a chn sheet mi i tn worksheet Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn i tn thanh sheet tab, ch n Rename, g tn mi vo, xong nhn phm Enter. Tn sheet c th di ti 31 k t v c th dng khong trng, tuy nhin khng c dng cc k hiu t tn nh: : / \ ? * Xa worksheet Mu n xa work sheet, bn lm theo cc cch sau: 1. Ch n sheet mu n xa ch n nhm Home ch n nhm Cells Delete Delete sheet 2. Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mu n xa sau ch n Delete, xc nhn xa OK. Sp xp th t cc worksheet C nhiu cch th c hin sp x p worksheet nh: 1. Nhp tri chut ln tn sheet cn sp x p v gi chut ko n v tr mi v th chut.
36
2. Khi c qu nhiu sheet th dng cch ny, nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn sp x p, ch n Move or Copy. hp thoi Move or Copy hin ra. Hy nhp ch n ln tn sheet trong danh sch m bn mu n di chuyn sheet n trc n, sau nhn OK.
Sao chp worksheet Nhp phi chut ln sheet, ch n Move or Copych n v tr t bn sao trong vng Before sheet nh du ch n vo hp Creat a copy nhn nt OK. Ngoi ra sao chp nhanh bn nhn gi phm Ctrl ri dng chut ch n ln tn sheet cn sao chp gi tri chut r n v tr t bn sao trn thanh sheet tab th tri chut. sao chp nhiu sheet cng lc cng lm tng t nhng phi ch n nhiu sheet trc khi th c hin lnh. ch n c nhiu sheet bn hy gi phm <Ctrl + nhp chut> ch n sheet. chp mt hay nhiu sheet sang mt workbook khc, bn hy m workbook ln sau th c hin lnh Move or Copy v nh ch n tn workbook ch ti To book (n u ch n workbook ch (new book) th s sao chp cc sheet n mt workbook mi). Chn mu cho sheet tab Vic t mu gip qun l thanh sheet tab c t t hn. t mu cho cc sheet tab bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn t mu, ti p theo hy ch n Tab Color v ch n mu thch hp.
37
n/ Hin worksheet Khi bn khng mu n ngi khc thy mt hay nhiu sheet no th bn c th n n i. Khng th n h t cc sheet trong workbook m phi cn li t nht mt sheet khng b n. Mu n n sheet bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mu n n v ch n Hide th l sheet c n. Khi mu n cho hin tr li mt sheet, bn nhp phi chut ln thanh Sheet tab v ch n Unhide sau ch n tn sheet cn cho hin v nhn nt OK.
1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh i khi chng ta cn phng to hay thu nh cc ca s c c gc nhn t t hn, hoc xem n i dung ca cng mt worksheet di nhiu gc
38
khc nhau, hoc chia ca s worksheet thnh nhiu Tab d dng tham chi u, hay gi c nh tiu mt danh sch di trong khi cu n cc thanh cu n, S dng thanh Zoom Excel 2010 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm vic ca bng tnh. Thanh zoom nm ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh v c th gip thu nh v phng to khung lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to th nhn v nt du cng cn thu nh th nhn vo nt du tr.
Thanh Zoom Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s Tnh nng ny c bit hu ch khi bn mu n xem mt worksheet hay cc worksheet trong cng mt workbook di nhiu gc khc nhau, m i mt nhn bn xem s c gn thm ch s pha sau tn tp tin. Ch n nhm View Window New Window
so snh hai worksheet th sau khi lm bc trn bn ch n ti p nhm View Window View Side by Side. Khi s dng chc nng ny khi bn cu n thanh cu n ca s ny th ca s kia cng c cu n theo. tt tnh nng cu n ng thi ny bn vo View Window Synchronous Scrolling (n u n ang bt). Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu Tnh nng rt hay c dng khi thao tc trn cc danh sch di ho c trong tnh ton cn phi th c hin nhiu vic tham chi u. chia ca s bng tnh: t hin hnh ti vi tr cn chia
39
trn bng tnh, sau ch n View Window Split. b khung bng tnh th nhn nt Split li mt ln na hoc nhp chut 2 ln ln ng chia d c v ngang. Ngoi ra, u ca cc thanh cu n d c v ngang c mt ngn nh m khi r chut ln s c biu tng (cng c chia nhanh khung bng tnh), bn gi tri chut v ko ra ni mu n chia trn ca s lm vic ca bng tnh.
Minh h a chia 4, chia 2 d c, chia 2 ngang Ngoi vic chia khung lm vic, Excel cn h tr bn c nh mt vng no trn ca s lm vic v d nh dng tiu ca mt danh sch. Vic c nh ny rt hu ch v n gip ta lun thy c dng tiu mc d cu n mn hnh xu ng pha di nhp liu. c nh bn hy t hin hnh ti v tr cn c nh, sau ch n View Window Freeze Panes ch n kiu c nh ph hp. N u ch n: Freeze Panes: S c nh dng pha trn v ct bn tri hin hnh Freeze Top Row: C nh dng u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch Freeze First Column: C nh ct u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch
Minh h a c nh cc tiu b c nh th vo View Window Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes

40
S dng Watch Window Tnh nng ny gip ta theo di cc trong qu trnh tnh ton. Bn mu n gim st no th a n vo danh sch gim st ca s ca Watch Window. G i ca s Watch Window bn ch n nhm Formulas Formula Auditing Watch Window, sau ch n cn theo di v nhn vo nt Add Watch trn ca s Watch Window.
Ca s Watch Window Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel 2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh Cc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s , cc chu i vn bn hay cc biu thc ton h c. Ngoi ra bng tnh cn c th cha cc biu , s , hnh nh, cc i tng ny khng cha trong m n i trn b mt bng tnh. Nhp liu Nhp s, chui, thi gian, ngy thng nm B1. Trn worksheet, ch n cn nhp liu B2. Nhp vo con s , chui vn bn, ngy thng hay thi gian, m bn cn B3. Nhp xong nhn Enter ( hin hnh chuyn xu ng di) hoc Tab ( hin hnh chuyn qua phi) k t thc. Lu : N u nhp cc con s vo m Excel hin th ##### l do chiu rng ct khng bn bn tng thm chiu rng ct. Mc nh Excel s dng du chm (.) phn cch phn s nguyn v phn s thp phn.
41
Khi nhp cc con s m cc con s ny khng cn tnh ton th bn nn nh dng l Text trc khi nhp (Home nhm Number ch n Text t danh sch). Ngy v thi gian nhp vo th n dng nh dng ngy mc nh trong Control Panel Regional and Language Options. Khi nhp ngy dng du / hoc - phn cch, v d 10/05/2007 hoc 10-05-2007. Khi mu n nhp ngy hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+;>. Khi mu n dng nh dng ngy mc nh cho cha ngy th ch n v g <Ctrl+Shift+#>. Khi nhp thi gian v mu n nh dng theo chun 12 gi th thm A hoc P vo sau thi gian nhp vo, v d 8:30 AM hoc 4:15 PM, n u khng Excel t hiu l AM. Khi mu n nhp thi gian hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+Shift+;>. Khi mu n dng nh dng thi gian mc nh cho cha thi gian th ch n v g <Ctrl+Shift+@>. Mu n nhp cng mt ni dung cho nhiu , bn hy ch n cc v nhp liu vo sau nhn <Ctrl+Enter>. Ngoi ra cn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill (phn sau). Mu n nhp cng n i dung trn cc nhiu sheet, bn hy ch n cc sheet , sau ch n cc trn sheet hin hnh, ti p theo nhp liu (c th mt d liu do b nhp ln cc c d liu). b ch n cc sheet th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v ch n Ungroup Sheets.
V d nhp cc loi d liu Nhp cc k t c bit B1. Mu n nhp k t c bit vo, trc tin ch n v n ni cn chn trong . B2. Ch n Insert nhm Text ch n Symbol B3. Trong hp thoi Symbol hy ch n k t cn, c th i kiu Font ti hp Font. B4. Nhn nt Insert chn.
42
V d chn vo Hy lnh (Undo), phc hi lnh (Redo), lp li lnh sau cng
hy mt lnh va th c hin bn nhn chut ln nt ang nhp liu vo mu n hy th nhn phm ESC phc h i lnh va hy th nhn nt
hay dng phm <Ctrl+Z>
hay dng phm <Ctrl+Y>
th c hin li lnh sau cng nhn <Ctrl+Y> Hiu chnh ni dung Xa ni dung cc B1. Ch n mt hoc nhiu cn xa B2. Nhn Delete trn bn phm (xa cch ny th ch xa ni dung cc nh dng ca vn cn). Ngoi ra xa bn c th vo Home nhm Editing Clear ( cc lnh:
43
) v ch n
Clear All: Xa tt c ni dung v nh dng Clear Formats: Ch xa phn nh dng ca Clear Contents: Ch xa ni dung, cn nh dng Clear Comments: Ch xa cc ch thch ca n u c Lu cc lnh trn khng xa c nh dng ca bng (table) Nhp ln c sn ni dung Mu n nhp ln cc c sn ni dung, trc tin bn hy ch n v nhp vo ni dung mi. Khi , ni dung c ca s mt i v thay bng n i dung va nhp . Hiu chnh ni dung cc Mu n hiu chnh n i dung sn c ca bn lm cc cch sau: 1. Nhp chut hai ln ln cn hiu chnh dng chut hoc cc phm mi tn di chuyn n ni cn hiu chnh dng phm Backspace hoc Delete xa mt s ni dung sau nhp vo n i dung mi. 2. Ch n cn hiu chnh v nhn F2 vo ch hiu chnh v lm tng t nh trn 3. Ch n cn hiu chnh, sau nhp chut vo thanh cng thc (Formula) S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu S dng chc nng AutoFill S dng cng c ny Excel s gip bn in t ng d liu theo cc mu AutoFill c sn. Ngoi ra bn cn c th to thm cc mu phc v cho cng vic ca mnh. Danh sach mt s AutoFill co san Cc gi tr khi u 1, 2, 3 9:00 Mon Chui sau khi m rng 4, 5, 6 10:00, 11:00, 12:00 Tue, Wed, Thu
44
Monday Jan Jan, Apr Jan-99, Apr-99 15-Jan, 15-Apr 1999, 2000 1-Jan, 1-Mar Qtr3 (or Q3 or Quarter3) Product 1, On backorder Text1, textA 1st Period Product 1
Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday Feb, Mar, Apr Jul, Oct, Jan Jul-99, Oct-99, Jan-00 15-Jul, 15-Oct 2001, 2002, 2003 1-May, 1-Jul, 1-Sep,... Qtr4, Qtr1, Qtr2,... Product 2, On backorder, Product 3, On backorder,... text2, textA, text3, textA,... 2nd Period, 3rd Period,... Product 2, Product 3,...
Bn mu n in cc s l trong khong t 1 n 25 vo ct A bn lm nh sau: B1. Ch n u tin A1 v nhp vo s 1 B2. Ch n ti p theo A2 nhp vo s 3 (bc nhy bng 3-1 = 2, Excel s cng s 2 vo cha s l trc c c s l k ti p). B3. Ch n hai A1:A2, di chuyn chut xu ng du vung nh mu en (Fill handle) gc di bn phi vng ch n cho chut bi n thnh du cng mu en. B4. Gi tri chut ko xu ng pha di cho n khi hin s 25 th dng li.
45
Khi bn mu n in t ng (sao chp) d liu hay cng thc ca hin hnh cho cc bn tri, bn phi, pha trn hay bn di n th bn lm theo cc cch sau: 1. Ch n hin hnh ang cha d liu hay cng thc cn sao chp, sau gi Fill handle v ko theo hng bn cn (ln, xu ng, tri hay phi). Khi d liu hay biu thc s c sao chp. 2. Ch n cha d liu (hay cng thc) cn sao chp v tt c cc cn sao d liu n, sau vo Home nhm Editing Fill ch n hng ph hp (Down, Right, Up, Left). T to danh sch AutoFill bn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular trong phn trong phn Top options for working with Excel ch n Edit Custom Lists hp thoi Custom Lists hin ra. Ti y, bn hy nhp vo danh sch trong khung List entries, sau khi nhp xong nhn nt Add thm vo Custom lists v k t lc ny bn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill vi danh sch t to ca bn. Mu n xa mt danh sch th bn ch cn ch n danh sch v nhn nt Delete. N u mu n hiu chnh danh sch th ch n danh sch v hiu chnh trong List entries, sau khi hiu chnh xong nhn nt Add. S dng chc nng Automatic Completion Chc nng Automatic Completion gip bn nhp cc chui vn bn gi ng nhau cc c nhanh chng hn. Tuy nhin, chc nng ny i khi cng l m bn kh chu, bt tt bn
46
vo nt Office Excel Options ch n Tab Advance ti Editing options Enable AutoComplete for cell values.
S dng chc nng AutoCorrect

AutoCorrect gip bn sa cc l i chnh t nhp liu khi nhp bng ti ng Anh, ngoi ra n cn gip nhp nhanh cc k hiu hay cc on vn bn lp i lp li. Chng ta c th thm vo cc cm t m chng ta thng hay dng vo danh sch ca AutoCorrect. thm t vo danh sch AutoCorrect lm theo cc bc sau: B1. Ch n nt Office Excel Options Proofing AutoCorrect Options B2. Ti Tab AutoCorrect ch n Replace text as you type th chc nng ny mi c tc dng B3. Trong hp Replace g cm t thng hay g sai (hoc g vo m t c k) B4. Trong hp With g cm t ng vo (hoc g vo nguyn bn ca m t c k) B5. Nhn nt Add thm vo danh sch
47
hiu chnh mt mc t trong danh sch th ch n mc t v g ni dung mi vo hai hp Replace v With, sau nhn nt Replace. Mu n xa mt mc t trong danh sch th ch n mc t v nhn nt Delete.
Minh h a thm m t c k vn v nguyn vn 2.2. nh dng nh dng chung Cc nt nh dng thng dng ca Excel c b tr rt thun li truy cp trong nhm Home ca thanh Ribbon. Trong qu trnh son tho, tnh ton trn Excel, m i khi cn nh dng bn ch vic nhn chut ln nt lnh ph hp di y.
48
nh dng vn bn v s Khi cn cc nh dng phc tp hn m trn thanh Ribbon khng c nt lnh th bn truy cp vo hp thoi Format Cells: Ch n Home nhm Cells Format Format Cells
Gii thch hp thoi Format Cells

49
nh dng
M t Tab Number
Category Sample
Danh sch cc loi nh dng s , gi tr Hin th nh dng ca gi tr trong hin hnh theo cc nh dng bn ch n
Decimal places
T i a c th c 30 s sau du thp phn, ch p dng cho dng Number, Currency, Accounting, Percentage, v Scientific.
Use 1000 Separator (,)
Ch n ny n u mu n c du phn cch gia hng nghn, triu, tch p dng cho d ng Number
Negative numbers
Ch n loi nh dng th hin cho s m, ch p dng cho d ng Number v Currency.
Symbol
Ch n loi k hiu tin t, ch p dng cho dng Currency v Accounting
Type
Ch n kiu hin th ph hp cho gi tr , ch p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, Fraction, Special, v Custom.
Locale (location)
Ch n loi ngn ng khc p dng nh d ng gi tr, ch p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, v Special. Tab Alignment
Text alignment Horizontal
C cc l a ch n dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu ngang. Mc nh Excel canh l tri cho vn bn, l phi cho gi tr , cc gi tr lun l v cc li c canh gia.
Vertical
C cc l a ch n dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu d c. Mc nh Excel canh l di cho vn bn.
Indent
Tht u cc dng ni dung ca .
50
Orientation Degrees Text control Wrap text
Ch n cc hng ca vn bn trong cc . t gi tr xoay vn bn. Cc gi tr t -90 n 90 Ni dung trong c xu ng nhiu dng ty thuc vo rng ct v di ni dung. (xem chi ti t phn di)
Shrink to fit Merge cells Right-to-left Text direction
Gi m kch c ch tt c ni dung trong va vi rng ct N i cc ch n thnh mt ( trnh by ph n trn) Xc nh trnh t c v canh l Tab Font
Font Font style
Ch n kiu Font cho cc , font mc nh l Calibri Ch n kiu thng, in nghin, in mca Font ch, kiu mc nh l Regular.
Size Underline Color Normal font
Kch thc font ch , t c 1 n 1638 v mc nh l c ch 11 point. Ch n kiu gch chn cho vn bn trong danh sch, mc nh l None. Ch n mu cho vn bn, mc nh l Automatic (do Excel t ch n mu) N u ch n s loi b cc nh dng Font khc v tr v dng bnh thng
Effects Strikethrough Superscript Subscript Preview
C thm ng gch ngang vn bn Lm cho vn bn co li v y ln trn Lm cho vn bn co li v y xu ng di Xem trc k t qu nh d ng bn va ch n Tab Border
Line
Ch n kiu v kch c cc ng k khung, sau ch n cc nt bn hp Border k 51
Presets
Ch n khng k khung, k ng bao v k cc ng phn cch gia cc
Color Border
Ch n mu cho cc ng k Cc nt bao quanh hnh minh h a dng k cc ng bao cc Tab Fill
Background Color
Ch n mu nn cho cc . Fill Effects cung cp cc hiu ng t mu nn (xem chi ti t phn di).
More Colors Pattern Color Pattern Style
B sung thm cc mu v cng c pha ch mu. Cc mu mu nn cc kiu mu t nn . Xem trc k t qu ch n mu v kiu mu ti Sample Tab Protection
Locked
Kha vic thay i, di chuyn, xa, cc , ch c tc dng khi sheet c bo v
Hidden
n cng thc trong , ch co tc dng khi sheet c bo v (xem phn sau)
General
Excel mc nh dng kiu ny nh dng gi tr, khi s di hn 12 s th nh dng
General Number
chuyn sang dng Scientific Dng nh dng cc con s , bn c th ch n du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th ch n kiu hin th s m.
Currency
Dng nh dng cc n v tin t cho cc gi tr, ta c th ch n du phn cch thp phn v nh s con s sau du thp phn, ng thi c th ch n kiu hin th s m.
52
Accounting
Dng nh dng cc n v tin t trong k ton, n t k hiu tin t v gi tr hai ct khc nhau.
Date
Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo ch n l a ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh d ng ly t h th ng (Control Panel).
Time
Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo ch n l a ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c du (*) l nh d ng ly t h th ng (Control Panel).
Percentage
nh dng ny ly gi tr trong nhn vi 100 v thm du % vo sau k t qu, bn c th ch n du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn.
Fraction
nh dng ny hin th con s di d ng phn s ty theo Type bn ch n.
Scientific
Hin th con s di d ng khoa h c <Con s E+n>. V d, s 12345678901 nh d ng theo Scientific l 1.23E+10, ngha l 1.23 x 1010. Bn c th ch n du phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn.
Text Special
nh dng ni dung gi ng nh nhng g nhp vo k c cc con s . nh dng cc con s dng m bu chnh (ZIP Code), s in thoi, s bo him
Custom
Dng hiu chnh cc m nh dng ang p dng hay to mi cc nh dng do bn p dng. Ta c th thm vo t 200 n 250 nh dng t to ty theo ngn ng v phin bn Excel. (xem phn sau)
S dng Wrap Text

Khi bn mu n on vn bn di trong c nhiu dng th bn dng chc nng wrap text hoc dng <Alt+Enter> xu ng dng ti v tr mong mu n. B1. Ch n cn nh dng Wrap text, v d A1
53
B2. Ch n Home Alignment ch n Wrap Text (
). N u dng khng t ng m
rng l do b thi t lp chiu cao c nh, bn vo Home Cells Format ti Cells Size ch n AutoFit Row Height
Xoay ch (Orientation)
B1. Ch n cc cn xoay ch A1:D1 B2. Ch n Home nhm Alignment Orientation Angle Counterclockwise
nh dng khung (border) K ng bao xung quanh vng B2:E18 m, c ng phn cch gia cc bng nt mnh v mu tt c ng k l mu . B1. Ch n danh sch cn k khung B2:E18 B2. Ch n Home nhm Cells Format Ch n Format Cells B3. Vo Tab Border, ch n mu l Red ( ) ti Color B4. Ch n Style l nt m , sau ch n nt Outline ti Preset B5. Ch n Style l nt mnh , sau ch n nt Inside ti Preset B6. Nhn OK hon tt
54
Hiu ng t nn (Fill effect) B1. Ch n vng cn t mu nn B2:E18 B2. Ch n Home nhm Cells Format Ch n Format Cells B3. Vo Tab Fill Ch n Fill Effects B4. Ch n cc mu cn ph i hp: Color 1 (v d l mu vng Yellow) v Color 2 (Blue) B5. Ch n Shading styles l Vertical v ch n kiu th 3 B6. Nhn OK hai ln hon tt.
55
T ng nh dng c iu kin. Vi Excel 2010 nh dng c iu kin s gip bn ch ra cc mu trong d liu v s dng rt n gin. Ch cn nh du mt nhm cc v kch vo Conditional Formatting trn ribbon Home. Khi a chut trn nhng l a ch n, bn s thy preview ca n ngay lp tc. C th gn cho mi mt mu phn nh th hng ca n trong ton b di cc gi tr, thm mt thanh d liu trong su t phn nh gi tr ca Cch thc ti n hnh ny cho php n gin hn rt nhiu so vi s phc tp trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting ca Excel 2003.
56
Bng v nh dng bng (table) Excel thi t lp sn rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng v cn h tr to thm cc biu mu mi. Excel ch cho php xa cc biu mu t to thm v cho php xa nh dng bng. Ngoi ra ta c th hiu chnh nh dng bng khi cn thi t. p nh dng bng cho danh sch v chuyn danh sch thnh bng B1. Ch n danh B2:E18 B2. Ch n Home nhm Styles ch n Format As Table B3. Ca s Style lit k rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng, ch n mt trong cc biu mu. V d ch n mu Light s 9 B4. Ca s Format As Table hin ln nhn OK xc nhn. to mu mi th ti bc 3 ch n New Table Style, sau t tn cho biu mu mi v nhn Format ch bi n biu mu. Mu n xa mt mu t to th vo Home Style Format As Table, ti phn Custom nhp phi chut ln biu mu v ch n Delete. Cc ty ch n hiu chnh bng c Table Tools Tab Design trn thanh Ribbon
57
Xa kiu nh dng bng ang p dng v chuyn bng v danh sch

xa mt kiu nh dng bng ang p dng, trc tin hy ch n bng, ti Tab Design vo nhm Table Styles ch n More ( ) ch n Clear. n lc ny vng ch n vn cn l bng do vy n c cc tnh nng ca bng. chuyn mt bng v thnh danh sch th ch n bng, sau vo Tab Design, ti nhm Tools ch n Convert to Range.
58
S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes) Cc mu ti liu d ng sn gip ngi s dng to nn cc ti liu c dng v chuyn nghip v rt d s dng. Cc biu mu ti liu c thi t k sn vi nhiu mu, font ch, hnh nh, th, vi nhiu hiu ng p mt. Ngoi ra chng ta cn c th hiu chnh v ch bi n cc mu ny. p dng biu mu ti liu bn vo ch n nhm Page Layout Themes Ch n mt biu mu t danh sch. C th hiu chnh biu mu: vo Colors ch n li mu, vo Fonts ch n li kiu Font v vo Effects ch n li hiu ng. Lu bng phi p dng Style th mi c tc dng. To biu mu mi Colors v Font bn vo Page Layout Themes ch n Colors ch n Create New Themes Colors hay Page Layout Themes ch n Fonts ch n Create New Themes Fonts. Nh lu li (Save) sau khi t o. Khi i kiu mu khc ng lot cc i tng c p dng biu mu thay i nh dng v khng b thay i n i dung.
59
2.3 Tm v thay th d liu tm d liu hoc tm v thay th d liu: Kch nt Find & Select trn nhm Editing ca tab Home Ch n Find hoc Replace
60
Hp thoi Find and Replace xut hin, nhp t mu n tm trong mc Find What (n u bn ch n Find bc trn) hoc nhp t mu n tm trong mc Find What v t thay th trong mc Replace with (n u bn ch n Replace bc trn). Kch nt Options tm thm cc ty ch n
2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt bng tnh c thi t lp d a trn cc tiu chun. Sp xp th c hin mt sp x p theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:
61
nh du cc mu n c sp x p Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)
Ty chnh sp xp sp x p nhiu hn mt ct: Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home Ch n ct m bn mu n sp x p u tin Kch Add Level Ch n ct ti p theo bn mu n sp x p Kch OK
62
Lc d liu B l c cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b l c: Kch vo ct hoc ch n cc ct cha d liu m bn mu n l c Trn tab Home, kch Sort & Filter Kch nt Filter Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin Kch Text Filter Kch Words bn mu n l c Nhn chut vo y xem nh g c
63
khng p dng b l c, kch nt Sort & Filter Kch Clear
64
Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm 3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm: Gii thiu cng thc (Formula) Cng thc gip bng tnh hu ch hn rt nhiu, n u khng c cc cng thc th bng tnh cng gi ng nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc tnh ton t cc d liu lu tr trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng thc ny s t ng cp nht cc thay i v tnh ra k t qu mi gip chng ta t n cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc thnh phn g? Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du = v sau l s k t hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s , cc a ch tham chi u v cc hm. V d:
V d v cng thc Cc ton t trong cng thc Ton t + * / ^ Chc nng Cng Tr Nhn Chia Ly tha V d =3+3 =45-4 =150*.05 =3/3 =2^4 =16^(1/4) Kt qu 3 cng 3 l 6 45 tr 4 cn 41 150 nhn 0.50 thnh 7.5 3 chia 3 l 1 2 ly tha 4 thnh 16 Ly cn bc 4 ca 16 thnh 2
65
&
N i chu i
=L & Thanh
N i chui L v Thanh li thnh L Thanh
Bng
=A1=B1
V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu: FALSE
>
Ln hn
=A1>B1
<
Nh hn
=A1<B1
V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu: TRUE
>=
Ln hn hoc bng
=A1>=B1
<=
Nh hn hoc bng
=A1<=B1
<>
Khc
=A1<>B1
Du cch cc tham chi u
=Sum(A1,B1)
V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu: 9
Tham chi u mng
=Sum(A1:B1)
V d A1=3, B1=6 K t qu: 9
khong trng
Tr v cc giao gia 2 vng
=B1:B6 A3:D3
Tr v gi tr ca
Th t u tin ca cc ton t Ton t : (hai chm) (1 khong trng) , (du phy) M t Ton t tham chi u u tin 1
66
% ^ * v / + v & = < > <= >= <>
S m (v d 1) Phn trm Ly tha Nhn v chia Cng v tr N i chu i So snh
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Gii thiu hm (Function) Hm trong Excel c lp trnh sn dng tnh ton hoc th c hin mt chc nng no . Vic s dng thnh tho cc hm s gip chng ta ti t kim c rt nhiu thi gian so vi tnh ton th cng khng dng hm. Cc hm trong Excel rt a dng bao trm nhiu lnh v c, c nhng hm khng yu cu i s , c nhng hm yu cu mt hoc nhiu i s , v cc i s c th l bt buc hoc t ch n. V d: =Rand(): hm khng c i s =If(A1>=5,t,Rt): hm 3 i s =PMT(10%,4,1000,,1): hm nhiu i s v i s ty ch n Trong Excel 2010 c cc hm chnh nh sau:

Hm ngoi: Call, Registed.ID, Hm ly d liu t SSAS: Cubeset, Cubevalue, Hm d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount, Hm ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,. Hm k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct, Hm ti chnh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate,
67

Hm thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa, Hm lun l: If, And, Or, Hm tham chi u v tm ki m: Choose, Vlookup, OffSet, Hm ton v lng gic: Log, Mmult, Round, Hm th ng k: Stdev, Var, CountIf, Hm vn bn: Asc, Find, Text,
Chng ta s cng nghin cu cch s dng tng hm trong cc nhm hm trn cc phn sau. Nhp cng thc v hm Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mu n nhp cng thc vo no bn ch vic nhp du = v sau l s k t hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s , cc a ch tham chi u v cc hm. Bn c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c tr n cng thc. Mt iu h t sc lu khi lm vic trn bng tnh l trnh nhp tr c ti p cc con s , gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn dng n tham chi u. V d:
Minh h a dng tham chi u trong hm Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp tr c sut chi t tnh 10% vo hm m nn tham chi u n a ch cha n l I2, v n u li sut c thay i th ta ch cn nhp gi tr mi vo I2 th chng ta s thu c k t qu NPV mi ngay khng cn phi chnh sa li cng thc. Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat (Xem li cch t tn vng bi s 1) th trong qu trnh nhp cng thc bn c th lm nh sau: B1. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV( B2. Nhn F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra B3. Ch n LaiSuat v nhn OK
68
B4. Nhp du phy (,) v g F3 B5. Ch n DongTien v nhn OK B6. Nhp du ng ngoc ri nhp du + B7. Nhp chut vo B2 B8. Nhn phm Enter
Chn tn vng vo cng thc Mt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng th vin hm. Khi bn mu n s dng hm no ch vic vo thanh Ribbon ch n nhm Formulas Function Library -> ch n nhm hm -> ch n hm cn s dng. Ngoi ra bn c th nhn vo nt g i hp thoi Insert Function mt cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v
hm ny bn ch cn nhn vo Help on this function.
69
Hp thoi Insert Function Tham chiu trong cng thc Cc tham chi u s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi t n cng sa cha cc cng thc khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chi u sau:
Tham chi u a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chi u s thay i khi chng ta sao chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng tng ng vi s dng v s ct m ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4
Tham chi u a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chi u khng thay i khi ta di di hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4
Tham chi u hn hp: Ph i hp tham chi u a ch tng i v tuyt i. V d A$5 ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i.
Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh dng. Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.
Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.
V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi. i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang VND. Tnh tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.
70
Minh h a a ch tng i v tuyt i B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. Sau qut ch n c vng D2:D14 v g <Ctrl+D>. Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay i tng ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng a ch tng i ca B2*C2 l v chng ta mu n khi sao chp cng thc xu ng pha di th a ch cc tnh ton s t ng thay i theo. B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau chp cng thc xu ng cc E3:E14. Chng ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mu n khi sao cng thc xu ng th cc cng thc sao chp vn tham chi u n B17 tnh ton. B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp sang E15. Lu :

Tham chi u n a ch worksheet khc nhng cng workbook th c dng Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d:
=A2*Sheet2!A2 =A2*Thong so!B4 Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n
Tham chi u n a ch trong workbook khc th c dng
[Tn_Workbook]Tn_sheet!a_ch_.
71
V d: =A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 =A2*[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nhy n =A2*C:\Tai lieu\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook ny khng m =A2*\\DataServer\Excel\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4 Khi tham chiu n ti nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mng Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors) Cc li thng dng Li #DIV/0! #NAME? #N/A Gii thch Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng Do dnh sai tn hm hay tham chi u hoc nh thi u du nhy Cng thc tham chi u n m c dng hm NA kim tra s tn ti ca d liu hoc hm khng c k t qu #NULL! Hm s dng d liu giao nhau ca 2 vng m 2 vng ny khng c phn chung nn phn giao rng #NUM! Vn i vi gi tr, v d nh dng nhm s m trong khi ng phi l s dng #REF! #VALUE! Tham chi u b li, thng l do tham chi u trong hm b xa Cng thc tnh ton c cha kiu d liu khng ng.
72
3.2 Cc hm trong excel a. Nhm hm v thng k AVEDEV (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh lch tuyt i cc im d liu theo trung bnh ca ch ng. Thng ng lm thc o v s bin i ca tp s liu AVERAGE (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng AVERAGEA (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr, bao gm c nhng gi tr logic AVERAGEIF (range, criteria1) : Tnh trung bnh c ng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo mt iu kin AVERAGEIFS (range, criteria1, criteria2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt mng theo nhiu iu kin COUNT (value1, value2, ...) : m s trong danh sch COUNTA (value1, value2, ...) : m s c cha gi tr (khng rng) trong danh sch COUNTBLANK (range) : m cc rng trong mt vng COUNT F (range, criteria) : m s tha mt iu kin cho trc bn trong mt dy COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, range2, criteria2, ...) : m s tha nhiu iu kin cho trc DEVSQ (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh bnh phng lch cc im d liu t trung bnh mu ca chng, ri cng cc bnh phng li. FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array) : Tnh xem c bao nhiu gi tr thng xuyn xut hin bn trong mt dy gi tr, ri tr v mt mng ng cc s. Lun s dng hm ny dng cng thc mng GEOMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh nhn ca mt dy cc s ng. Thng ng tnh mc tng trng trung bnh, trong li k p c cc li bin i c cho trc... HARMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh iu ha (nghch o ca trung bnh cng) ca cc s
73
KURT (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh nhn ca tp s liu, biu th mc nhn hay mc phng tng i ca mt phn b so vi phn b chun LARGE (array, k) : Tr v gi tr ln nht th k trong mt tp s liu MAX (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr MAXA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc gi tr logic v text MEDIAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh v ca cc s. MIN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr MINA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao gm c cc gi tr logic v text MODE (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt mng gi tr PERCENTILE (array, k) : Tm phn v th k ca cc gi tr trong mt mng d liu PERCENTRANK (array, x, significance) : Tr v th hng (v tr tng i) ca mt tr trong mt mng d liu, l s phn trm ca mng d liu PERMUT (number, number_chosen) : Tr v hon v ca cc i tng. QUART LE (array, quart) : Tnh im t phn v ca tp d liu. Thng c dng trong kho st d liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu nhm... RANK (number, ref, order) : Tnh th hng ca mt s trong danh sch cc s SKEW (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t khng i xng ca phn phi quanh tr trung bnh ca n SMALL (array, k) : Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt tp s STDEV (number1, number2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu STDEVA (value1, value2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu, bao gm c nhng gi tr logic STDEVP (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp
74
STDEVPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp, k c ch v cc gi tr logic VAR (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn mu VARA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn mu, bao gm c cc tr logic v text VARP (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn ton th tp hp VARPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai a trn ton th tp hp, bao gm c cc tr logic v text. TRIMMEAN (array, percent) : Tnh trung bnh phn trong ca mt tp d liu, bng cch loi t l phn trm ca cc im d liu u v cui tp d liu. b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut BETADIST (x, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. BETAINV (probability, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. BINOMDIST (number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative) : Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn. CHIDIST (x, degrees_freedom) : Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared. CHIINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v nghch o ca xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared. CHITEST (actual_range, expected_range) : Tr v gi tr ca xc xut t phn phi chisquared v s bc t o tng ng. CONFIDENCE (alpha, standard_dev, size) : Tnh khong tin cy cho mt kz vng l thuyt CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha) : Tr v gi tr nh nht sao cho phn phi nh thc tch ly ln hn hay bng gi tr tiu chun. Thng ng bo m cc ng dng t cht lng... EXPONDIST (x, lambda, cumulative) : Tnh phn phi m. Thng ng m phng thi gian gia cc bin c...
75
FDIST (x, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng tm xem hai tp s liu c nhiu mc khc nhau hay khng... FINV (probability, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh nghch o ca phn phi xc sut F. Thng ng so snh bin thin trong hai tp s liu FTEST (array1, array2) : Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F. Thng ng xc nh xem hai mu c cc phng sai khc nhau hay khng... FISHER (x) : Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x. Thng ng kim tra gi thuyt da trn h s tng quan... FISHERINV (y) : Tnh nghch o php bin i Fisher. Thng ng phn tch mi tng quan gia cc mng s liu... GAMMADIST (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi tch ly gamma. C th ng nghin cu c phn b lch GAMMAINV (probability, alpha, beta) : Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly gamma. GAMMLN (x) : Tnh logarit t nhin ca hm gamma HYPGEOMDIST (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phn phi siu bi (xc sut ca mt s ln thnh cng no ...) LOGINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x (LOGNORMDIST) LOGNORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v phn phi tch ly lognormal ca x, trong logarit t nhin ca x thng c phn phi vi cc tham s mean v standard_dev. NEGBINOMDIST (number_f, number_s, probability_s) : Tr v phn phi nh thc m (tr v xc sut m s c number_f ln tht bi trc khi c number_s ln thnh cng, khi xc sut khng i ca mt ln thnh cng l probability_s) NORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi chun (normal distribution). Thng c s dng trong vic thng k, gm c vic kim tra gi thuyt NORMINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o phn phi tch ly chun
76
NORMSDIST (z) : Tr v hm phn phi tch ly chun tc (standard normal cumulative distribution function), l phn phi c tr trung bnh cng l zero (0) v lch chun l 1 NORMSINV (probability) : Tnh ngh ch o ca hm phn phi tch ly chun tc POISSON (x, mean, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi poisson. Thng ng c tnh s lng bin c s xy ra trong mt khong thi gian nht nh PROB (x_range, prob_range, lower_limit, upper_limit) : Tnh xc sut ca cc tr trong dy nm gia hai gii hn STANDARDIZE (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v tr chun ha t phn phi biu th bi mean v standard_dev TDIST (x, degrees_freedom, tails) : Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Student (phn phi t), trong x l gi tr tnh t t v c ng tnh xc sut. TINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v gi tr t ca phn phi Student. TTEST (array1, array2, tails, type) : Tnh xc xut kt hp vi php th Student. WEIBULL (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi Weibull. Thng s dng trong phn tch tin cy, nh tnh tui th trung bnh ca mt thit b. ZTEST (array, x, sigma) : Tr v xc sut mt pha ca php th z. c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh CORREL (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan gia hai mng xc nh mi quan h ca hai c tnh COVAR (array1, array2) : Tnh tch s cc lch ca mi cp im d liu, ri tnh trung bnh cc tch s FORECAST (x, known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh ton hay d on mt gi tr tng lai bng cch s dng cc gi tr hin c, bng phng php hi quy tuyn tnh GROWTH (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tnh ton s tng trng d kin theo hm m, bng cch s dng cc d kin hin c. INTERCEPT (known_y's, known_x's) : Tm im giao nhau ca mt ng thng vi trc y bng cch s dng cc tr x v y cho trc
77
LINEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Tnh thng k cho mt ng bng cch dng phng php bnh phng ti thiu (least squares) tnh ng thng thch hp nht vi d liu, ri tr v mng m t ng thng . Lun ng hm ny dng cng thc mng. LOGEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Dng trong phn tch h i quy. Hm s tnh ng cong hm m ph hp vi d liu c cung cp, ri tr v mng ga tr m t ng cong . Lun ng hm ny dng cng thc mng PEARSON (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan momen tch pearson (r), mt ch mc khng th nguyn, trong khong t -1 n 1, phn nh s m rng quan h tuyn tnh gia hai tp s liu RSQ (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh bnh phng h s tng quan momen tch Pearson (r), thng qua cc im d liu trong known_y's v known_x's SLOPE (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh h s gc ca ng hi quy tuyn tnh thng qua cc im d liu STEYX (known_y's, known_x's) : Tr v sai s chun ca tr d on y i vi mi tr x trong hi quy. TREND (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tr v cc tr theo xu th tuyn tnh d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions ACCRINT (issue, first_interest, settlement, rate, par, frequency, basis, calc_method) : Tnh li tch ly cho mt chng khon tr li theo nh kz ACCR NT (issue, settlement, rate, par, basis) : Tnh li tch ly i vi chng khon tr li
theo kz hn AMORDEGRC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh khu hao trong mi ti kha k ton ty theo thi hn s dng ca ti sn (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php) AMORLINC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) : Tnh kh u hao trong mi ti kha k ton (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php) COUPDAYBS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy k t u kz li ti ngy kt ton
78
COUPDAYS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy trong kz li bao gm c ngy kt ton COUPDAYSCN (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy t ngy kt ton ti ngy tnh li k tip COUPNCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy tnh li k tip k t sau ngy kt ton COUPNUM (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ln li sut phi tr trong khong t ngy kt ton n ngy o hn COUPPCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin ngy thanh ton li ln trc, trc ngy kt ton CUMIPMT (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tnh li tc tch ly phi tr i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period CUMPRINC (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tr v tin vn tch ly phi tr i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period DB (cost, salvage, life, period, month) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php s gim dn theo mt mc c nh (fixed-declining balance method) trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. DDB (cost, salvage, life, period, factor) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php s gim dn kp (double-declining balance method), hay gim dn theo mt t l no , trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. DISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh t l chit khu ca mt chng khon DOLLARDE (fractional_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng phn s sang gi dollar dng thp phn DOLLARFR (decimal_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng thp phn s sang gi dollar dng phn s DURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh th i hn hiu lc Macauley da trn ng mnh gi $100 (thi hn hiu lc l trung bnh trng gi tr hin ti
79
ca dng lun chuyn tin mt v c ng lm thc o v s phn hi lm thay i li nhun ca gi tr tri phiu) EFFECT (nominal_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut thc t hng nm, bit trc li sut anh ngha hng nm v tng s kz thanh ton li kp mi nm FV (rate, nper, pmt, pv, type) : Tnh gi tr kz hn ca s u t a trn vic chi tr c nh theo kz v li sut c nh FVSCHEDULE (principal, schedule) : Tnh gi tr kz hn ca mt vn ban u sau khi p dng mt chui cc li sut kp (tnh gi tr kz hn cho mt u t c li sut thay i) INTRATE (settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis) : Tnh li sut cho mt chng khon u t ton b IPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tr v khon thanh ton li cho mt u t a trn vic chi tr c nh theo kz v da trn li sut khng i IRR (values, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt chui cc lu ng tin mt c th hin bi cc tr s ISPMT (rate, per, nper, pv) : Tnh s tin li tr ti mt kz no i vi mt khon vay c li sut khng i, sau khi tr s tin gc phi tr cho kz . MDURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi hn Macauley sa i cho chng khon da trn ng mnh gi $100 MIRR (values, finance_rate, reinvest_rate) : Tnh t sut doanh li ni ti trong mt chui lun chuyn tin mt theo chu kz NOMINAL (effect_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut anh ngha hng nm, bit trc li sut thc t v cc kz tnh li kp mi nm NPER (rate, pmt, pv, fv, type) : Tnh s kz hn tr khon vay trong u t a trn tng chu kz, s tin tr v t sut li tc c nh NPV (rate, value1, value2, ...) : Tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon u t bng cch s dng t l chiu khu vi cc chi khon tr kz hn (tr m) v thu nhp (tr ng)
80
ODDFPRICE (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c kz u tin l (ngn hn hay di hn) ODDFYIELD (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tr v li nhun ca mt chng khon c kz tnh li u tin l l (ngn hn hay di hn) ODDLPRICE (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c kz tnh li phiu cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn) ODDLYIELD (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh li nhun ca chng khon c kz cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn) PMT (rate, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh tin phi tr i vi khon vay c li sut khng i v chi tr u n PPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh khon vn thanh ton trong mt kz hn cho i vi mt khon u t, trong vic chi tr c thc hin u n theo nh kz vi mt li sut khng i PRICE (settlement, maturity, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr chng khon trn ng mnh gi $100, thanh ton li tc theo chu kz PRICEDISC (settlement, maturity, discount, redemption, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi $100 ca mt chng khon chit khu PRICEMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, yld, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn ng mnh gi $100 ca mt chng khon phi thanh ton li vo ngy o hn PV (rate, nper, pmt, fv, type) : Tnh gi tr hin ti ca mt khon u t RATE (nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess) : Tnh li sut mi kz trong mt nin kim REVEICED (settlement, maturity, investment, discount, basis) : Tnh s tin nhn c vo kz hn thanh ton cho mt chng khon u t ton b SLN (cost, salvage, life) : Tnh chi ph khu hao (theo phng php ng thng) ca mt ti sn trong mt kz
81
SYD (cost, salvage, life, per) : Tnh khu hao theo gi tr cn li ca ti sn trong nh kz xc nh TBILLEQ (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh li nhun tng ng vi tri phiu cho tri phiu kho bc TBILLPRICE (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh gi tr ng mnh gi $100 cho tri phiu kho bc TBILLYIELD (settlement, maturity, pr) : Tnh li nhun cho tri phiu kho bc VDB (cost, salvage, life, start_period, end_period, factor, no_switch) : Tnh khu hao ti sn s dng trong nhiu kz XIRR (values, dates, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt lot lu ng tin mt khng nh kz XNPV (rate, values, dates) : Tnh t gi rng cho mt y lu ng tin mt khng nh kz YIELD (settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh li nhun i vi chng khon tr li theo nh kz YIELDDISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm cho chng khon chit khu YIELDMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm ca chng khon tr li vo ngy o hn e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria) : Tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DCOUNT ( atabase, fiel , criteria) : m cc cha s liu trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria) : m cc "khng rng" trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DGET (database, field, criteria) : Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt anh sch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu kin c ch nh.
82
DMAX (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr ln nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DMIN (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr nh nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DRODUCT (database, field, criteria) : Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DSTDEV ( atabase, fiel , criteria) : c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DSTDEVP ( atabase, fiel , criteria) : Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DSUM (database, field, criteria) : Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DVAR ( atabase, fiel , criteria) : c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. DVARP (database, field, criteria) : Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. GETPIVOTDATA (data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...) : Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th ng GETP VOTDATA ly d liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt t trong bo co . Ni chung v Cc Hm Qun l{ C s d liu v Danh sch Microsoft Excel cung cp nhiu hm dng cho vic phn tch d liu trong anh sch hay c s d liu. Nhng hm ny bt u bng ch D. Mi hm u s dng 3 i s l database, field v criteria; nhng i s ny l cc tham chiu n cc mng trong bng tnh.
83
* database : L mt dy cc to nn anh sch hay c s d liu. Mt c s d liu l mt danh sch d liu gm nhng mu tin, v c ct d liu l cc trng (fiel ). Dng u tin trong danh sch lun cha tn trng. * field : Cho bit ct no c s dng trong hm. field c th c cho dng text vi tn ct c trong cp du ngoc k p (nh "Age", "Yiel "...) hay l s i din cho v tr ca ct (1, 2, ...) * criteria : L mt dy cc cha iu kin. C th dng bt c dy no cho phn iu kin ny, min l y c t nht mt tn ct v mt bn i tn ct lm iu kin cho hm (xem thm bi M t s v d v cch ng Criteria nhp iu kin sau y). HM NGY THNG V THI GIAN Mt s lu { khi s dng ngy thng v thi gian trong Excel: Excel h tr tnh ton ngy thng cho Windows v Macintosh. Windows dng h ngy bt u t 1900. Macitosh dng h ngy bt u t 1904. Ti liu ny c din gii theo h ngy 1900 dnh cho Windows. H thng ngy gi Excel ph thuc vo thit lp trong Regional Options ca Control Panel. Mc nh l h thng ca M "Thng/Ngy/Nm" ( / /yyyy). Bn c th sa li thnh h thng ngy ca VN "Ngy/Thng/Nm" ( / /yyyy).
Khi bn nhp mt gi tr ngy thng khng hp l n s tr thnh mt chui vn bn. Cng thc tham chiu ti gi tr s tr v li. =NOW() Cho hin ngy gi ca h thng =TODAY() Cho ngy ca h thng =DAY(D) Cho gi tr ngy ca D (Tr v th t ca ngy trong thng t mt gi tr kiu ngy thng) =MONTH(D) Cho gi tr thng ca D =YEAR(D) Cho gi tr nm ca D =DAYS360(BTNT1, BTNT2) Tnh s ngy gia 2 mc ngy thng da trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy.
84
=EDATE Tr v mc thi gian xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh =EOMONTH Tr v ngy cui cng ca thng xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh Hm HOUR() Cho bit s ch gi trong mt gi tr thi gian C php: = HOUR(serial_number) serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian V d: HOUR(0.5) = 12 (gi) Hm MINUTE() Cho bit s ch pht trong mt gi tr thi gian C php: = MINUTE(serial_number) serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian V d: By gi l 10:20 PM, MINUTE(NOW()) = 20 (pht) =MONTH Tr v s thng ca mt gi tr kiu ngy thng. =NETWORKDAYS Tr v s ngy lm vic trong mc thi gian a ra sau khi tr i ngy ngh v ngy l. =NOW Tr v ngy gi hin ti trong h thng ca bn. Hm SECOND() Cho bit s ch giy trong mt gi tr thi gian C php: = SECOND(serial_number) serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian V d: SECOND("2:45:30 PM") = 30 (giy) Hm TIME() Tr v mt gi tr thi gian no C php: = TIME(hour, minute, second)
85
hour: S ch gi, l mt con s t 0 n 23. Nu ln hn 23, Excel s t tr i mt bi s ca 24. minute: S ch pht, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s gi ln tng ng. second: S ch giy, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s pht, s gi ln tng ng. V d: TIME(14, 45, 30) = 2:45:30 PM TIME(14, 65, 30) = 3:05:30 PM TIME(25, 85, 75) = 2:26:15 AM * Cng nh DATE(), hm T E() rt hu dng khi hour, minute, second l nh ng cng thc
m khng phi l mt con s, n s gip chng ta tnh ton chnh xc hn Hm TIMEVALUE() Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng thi gian thnh mt gi tr thi gian c th tnh ton c C php: = TIMEVALUE(time_text) time_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i V d: TIMEVALUE("26:15") = 0.09375 (= 2:15:00 AM) =WEEKDAY Tr v s th t ca ngy trong tun t gi tr ngy thng. =WEEKNUM Tr v s th t ca tun trong nm t gi tr ngy thng. =WORKDAY Tr v ngy lm vic xy ra trc hoc sau mc thi gian a ra. Trong cng vic hng ngy, chc hn chng ta hay ngh n chuyn vic lm ny ca mnh mt ht my phn trm ca mt nm, v , mt ngy ng ht 6 ting, l 1/4 ngy, vy mt nm ch ng ta ng ht 25% (hic) thi gian...
86
Hoc mt nhn vin ca cng ty xin ngh vic vo thng 5, lng tnh theo nm, vy cng ty phi tr cho ngi bao nhiu phn trm lng khi cho ngh vic? Excel c mt hm tnh t l ca mt khong thi gian trong mt nm, v cho ph p tnh theo nhiu kiu (nm 365 ngy, hay nm 360 ngy, tnh theo kiu M hay theo kiu chu u...): Hm YEARFRAC() (Dch t ch Year: nm, v Frac = Fraction: t l) C php: = YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date [, basis]) start_ ate, en _ ate: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng i dng text. basis: Mt con s, quy nh kiu tnh: * 0 : (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu Bc M, mt nm c 360 ngy chia cho 12 thng, mt thng c 30 ngy. * 1 : Tnh ton theo s ngy thc t ca nm v s ngy thc t ca tng thng * 2 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 360 ngy, nhng s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng * 3 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 365 ngy, v s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng * 4 : Tnh ton theo kiu Chu u,mi thng c 30 ngy (nu start_date hoc end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng ) V d: Tnh t l gia ngy 15/3/2010 v ngy 30/7/2010 so vi 1 nm: YEARFRAC("15/3/2010", "30/7/2010") = 37% Tnh s ngy chnh lch theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy Hin nay, vn cn mt s h thng k ton dng kiu tnh thi gian l mt thng coi nh c 30 ngy v mt nm coi nh c 360 ngy! Gp trng hp ny, vic tnh ton thi gian s khng n gin, v thc t th s ngy trong mi thng u c ging nhau.
87
C l v ngh n chuyn , nn Excel c mt hm dnh ring cho cc h thng k ton da trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy, l hm DAYS360. Hm DAYS360() C php: = DAYS360(start_date, end_date [, method]) start_ ate, en _ ate: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng i dng text. method: Mt gi tr logic (TRUE, FALSE) ch cch tnh ton, theo kiu chu u hay theo kiu M. * FALSE: (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu M: Nu start_date l ngy 31 ca thng, th n c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng . Nu end_date l ngy 31 ca thng v start_date nh hn 30, th en _ ate c i thnh ngy 1 ca thng k tip. * TRUE: Tnh ton theo kiu chu u: H start_date hoc en _ ate m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng . V d: So snh s ngy chnh lch gia 01/01/2008 v 31/5/2008 theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy v theo kiu thng (dng hm DATEDIF) DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008") = 150 DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", TRUE) = 149 DATEDIF("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", "d") = 151 Tnh s ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian Bnh thng, nu ly ngy thng tr ngy thng, kt qu s bao gm lun nhng ngy l, ngy ngh, v.v... Cn nu tnh s ngy lm vic trong mt khong thi gian, th phi tr bt i nhng ngy khng lm vic. Trong Excel c mt hm chuyn tnh ton nhng ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian m khng bao gm cc ngy th By, Ch Nht v nhng ngy ngh khc c ch nh: Hm NETWORKDAYS ( ng nguyn ngha ca n: net workdays).
88
D nhin hm ny ch thch hp vi nhng c quan lm vic 5 ngy mt tun, ch nh ch ng ta, lm tut, c khi l 365 ngy mt nm (hic) th hm ny v tc ng! Hm NETWORKDAYS() C php: = NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date [, holidays]) start_ ate, en _ ate: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc cng vic. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng i dng text. holidays: Danh sch nhng ngy ngh ngoi nhng ngy th By v Ch Nht. Danh sch ny c th l mt vng c t tn. Nu nhp trc tip th phi b trong cp du mc {}. V d: Cng thc tnh s ngy lm vic gia ngy 1/12/2010 v ngy 10/1/2011, trong c ngh ngy Noel (25/12) v ngy Tt Ty (1/1): = NETWORKDAYS("01/12/2010", "10/01/2011", {"12/25/2007", "1/1/2011"}) Hm DATEDIF() C l cch d nht khi mun tnh ton ngy thng nm l ng hm DATED F(). C php: = DATEDIF(start_day, end_day, unit) start_ ay: Ngy u end_day: Ngy cui (phi ln hn ngy u) unit: Chn loi kt qu tr v (khi dng trong hm phi g trong du ngoc kp) y : s nm chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui m : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui d : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui md : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v thng ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm v s thng ym : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm v s ngy yd : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm
89
V d: DATED F("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "y") = 100 (nm) DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "m") = 1211 (thng) DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "d") = 36889 (ngy) DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "md") = 30 (= ngy 31 - ngy 1) DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "ym") = 11 (= thng 12 - thng 1) DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "yd") = 365 (= ngy 31/12 - ngy 1/1) *Tnh tui (2): bi trc, ti a ra mt ci cng thc tnh tui i thong nh vy: = YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate) - (DATE(YEAR(NOW()), MONTH(Birthdate), DAY(Birthdate)) > TODAY()) l khi cha bit n hm DATEDIF(). By gi, vi DATEDIF(), cng thc trn ch ngn nh vy thi, m ra kt qu vn chnh xc: = DATEDIF(Birthdate, TODAY(), "y") V d, hm nay l ngy 09/01/2007: * Vi ngy sinh l 05/01/1969 ( t chc sinh nht ri), DATEDIF("05/01/1969", TODAY(), "y") = 39 * Nhng vi ngy sinh l 11/1/1969 (cha t chc sinh nht), DATEDIF("11/01/1969", TODAY(), "y") = 38 *Tm mt gi, ph t, giy no tnh t lc ny Nh ti ni trn, hm TIME() s t ng iu chnh kt qu ca mt gi tr thi gian khi nhng thng s trong hm khng hp l (gi > 24, ph t v giy > 60). V o , khi cn tnh ton hoc tm mt gi tr thi gian no k t lc ny (hoc bt kz l c no), ngi ta thng s dng hm TIME(). V d, cng thc sau y s cho ra kt qu l thi gian vo 12 ting na k t lc ny: = TIME(HOUR(NOW()) + 12, MINUTE(NOW()), SECOND(NOW()))
90
Khng ging nh hm DATE(), bn khng th n gin cng thm gi, pht, hay giy trong hm TIME(). V d cng thc sau y ch lm mi chuyn l tng thm 1 ngy vo ngy thng nm v thi gian hin ti: = NOW() + 1 Nu bn mun cng thm gi, pht, hay giy vo mt gi tr thi gian, bn phi tnh thi gian cng thm theo mt t l ca mt ngy. V d, bi v mt ngy th c 24 gi, nn mt gi c tnh nh l 1/24. Cng vy, bi v mt gi th c 60 pht, nn m t pht s c tnh nh l 1/24/60 (ca mt ngy). V cui cng, bi v c 60 giy trong mt pht, nn 1 giy trong mt ngy s c tnh bng 1/24/60/60. *Tnh tng thi gian Khi tnh tng thi gian, bn nn phn bit hai trng hp sau y: * Cng thm gi, pht, giy: V d, by gi l 8 gi, cng thm 2 ting na, l 10 gi... Hoc by gi l 23 gi, cng thm 3 ting na l 2 gi sng (ch khng phi 26 gi)... Nu cng kiu ny th bn c cng bnh thng, dng hm TIME() v nu cn th theo bng hng dn trn. * Cng tng thi gian lm vic: Mi ngy ti lm vic 18 ting, vy hai ngy ti lm my ting? l 36 ting. Nhng nu bn ng format bnh thng dng thi gian th Excel n s t quy ra (36-24) = 12:00... c kt qu l 36:00, bn phi nh dng thi gian cho theo kiu: [h]:mm:ss (gi nm trong mt cp du ngoc vung) Ly li nh dng ngy thng i khi, bn nhn c mt ci database m khng hiu v mt l{ o g , cell cha ngy thng nm n nh sau: 20070823, ngha l n c nh dng theo kiu YYYYMMDD. Trng hp ny, khng th dng Format Cell ca Excel nh dng li, m bn phi dng n hm DATE(year, month, day) v cc hm x l text, v d hm LEFT(), cho hm DATE():
91
D() v R GHT() ly cc tr s ngy, thng, nm
Ti gi s con s 20070823 ny ang nm cell A1, th cng thc LEFT(A1, 4) s cho ta tr s ca nm, D(A1, 3, 2) s cho tr s ca thng
v RIGHT(A1, 2) s cho tr s ca ngy. Gi s trong Control Panel ca bn nh dng ngy thng nm theo kiu dd/mm/yyyy, v cell nhn kt qu ca bn c nh dng theo kiu ngy thng nm, bn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) vi 3 tham s l 3 cng thc va lm trn, ta s c: =DATE(LEFT(A1, 4), D(A1, 5, 2), R GHT(A1, 2)) 23/8/2007
HM TM KIM V THAM CHIU Bao gm cc hm tm kim v tham chiu rt hu ch khi bn lm vic vi CSDL ln trong E CEL nh k ton, tnh lng, thu... =ADDRESS(row_num, column_num *, abs_num+ *, a1+ *, sheet_text+) Dng to a ch dng chui k t, theo ch s dng v ch s ct c cung cp. row_num: S th t dng ca a ch column_num: S th t ct ca a ch abs_num: Kiu a ch (tuyt i hay tng i) - mc nh l tuyt i a1: Dng a ch (=TRUE: dng A1; =FALSE: dng R1C1) - mc nh l TRUE sheet_text: Tn ca sheet cha a ch - mc nh l khng c =AREAS(reference) Tr v s vng tham chiu trong mt tham chiu. Mi vng tham chiu c th l mt ri rc hoc l mt dy lin tc trong bng tnh. reference: L mt hoc nhiu vng tham chiu m bn cn m. Nu mun a nhiu vng ri rc nhau vo cng thc th bn phn cch chng bng du phy, nu khng ngn bng du phy, Excel s khng m (xem v d 3 i y) =CHOOSE Tr v gi tr trong mng gi tr ti v tr c ch nh. =COLUMN(reference) Tr v s th t ct ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham chiu.
92
reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th COLUMN() tr v s th t ct ca cha cng thc. =COLUMNS(array) Tr v s ct ca vng tham chiu. array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu =HYPERLINK(link_location, friendly_name) To mt siu lin kt, mt lin kt m mt ti liu... link_location: ng dn n ti liu cn m, nhp dng chui k t. Link_location c th ch n mt c bit, tn ca mt dy trong mt trang bng tnh hoc mt bng tnh, hoc ch n mt nh u (bookmark) trong Microsoft Excel. Link_location cng c th ch n mt tp tin lu trn cng, hoc mt ng dn truy xut ni b trn mt my ch hoc mt ng dn ti nguyn URL trn mng intranet, internet. - Link_location c th l mt chui k t t trong du nhy kp, hoc mt no cha ng dn i dng chui k t. - Nu link_location lin kt n mt ti nguyn khng tn ti, s xut hin li khi bn kch vo cha hm HYPERLINK() ny. firendly_name: L ni dung hin th trong cha hm HYPERLINK(), c th l mt s, hoc chui k t. Ni dung ny s hin th bng mu xanh v c gch chn, nu khng c firendly_name th chnh link_location s hin th. - Firendly_name c th l mt gi tr, mt chui k t, mt tn mng, hoc mt lin kt n mt gi tr hoc mt chui vn bn. - Nu firendly_name lin kt n mt gi tr b li, th chnh tn ci li s c hin th thay th cho ni dung bn cn. V d: =HYPERLINK("http://example.microsoft.com/report/bu dget report.xls", "Click for report") s hin th: Click for report, v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh budget report.xls ca trang web http://example.microsoft.com/report =HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)
93
s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls th mc GPE ca F =HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10) s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls th mc GPE ca F =MATCH Tr v v tr ca mt gi tr trong bng d liu =INDEX Tr v mt gi tr trong bng d liu tng ng vi ch mc ca n. Tm kim trong nhiu ct i khi, cc liu ng tm kim khng nm mt ct m trong nhiu ct. V d, bn c mt anh sch c tch sn h v tn ring ra hai ct. Ngi ta yu cu da vo h v tn xc nh chc v. Chng ta c th dng mt ct ph ni h v tn li ri tm theo ct ph... Nhng c l khng cn, v ti s dng hm INDEX() v MATCH() vi cng thc mng. Hm MATCH() c mt c php t ngi bit n, l: =MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type) value1 & value2 l cc d liu tm (v d h v tn) array1 & array2 l cc ct (hoc hng) cha cc d liu ng tm kim V y l c php ng INDEX() ghp vi MATCH() trong cng thc mng: {=INDEX(reference, MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type))} =INDIRECT(ref_text [, a1]) ref_text l tham chiu ti mt (c th l dng A1 hoc dng R1C1), l tn nh ngha ca mt tham chiu, hoc l mt tham chiu dng chui. -Nu ref_text khng hp l, INDIRECT() s bo li #REF! -Nu ref_text cha tham chiu n mt bng tnh khc th bng tnh ny phi ang m, nu khng, ND RECT() cng bo li #REF!
94
a1 l gi tr logic xc nh dng tham chiu bn trong ref_text. a1 = TRUE (hoc l 1, hoc khng nhp) l kiu tham chiu A1 a1 = FALSE (hoc l 2) l kiu tham chiu R1C1 Tr v gi tr ca mt tham chiu t chui k t. Tham chiu c tr v ngay tc thi hin th ni dung ca ch ng. Cng c th dng hm INDIRECT khi mun thay i tham chiu ti mt bn trong mt cng thc m khng cn thay i cng thc . =LOOKUP D tm mt gi tr Hm LOOKUP Dng d tm mt gi tr t mt dng hoc mt ct trong mt dy hoc mt mng gi tr. Hm LOOKUP() c hai dng: Vec-t (vector form) v ng (array form)
* Dng Vec-t: LOOKUP() tm kim trn mt dng hoc mt ct, nu tm thy s tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) c ch nh. * Dng Mng: LOOKUP() tm kim trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca mt mng gi tr, nu tm thy s tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng trong mng . Vector form (dng vec-t) C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, result_vector) lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong lookup_vector. N c th l mt s, mt k t, mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt vng hoc mt tham chiu n mt gi tr. lookup_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) c cha lookup_value. Nhng gi tr cha trong vng ny c th l mt s, mt k t hoc mt gi tr logic. - lookup_vector phi c sp xp theo th t tng n, nu khng, LOOKUP() c th cho kt qu khng chnh xc. - Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP() s ly gi tr ln nht m nh hn hoc bng lookup_value.
95
- Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP() s bo li #NA! result_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) cha gi tr tr v. Kch thc ca result_vector bt buc phi bng kch thc ca lookup_vector. ^^ Array form (dng mng) C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, array) lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong array. N c th l mt s, mt k t, mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt vng hoc mt tham chiu n mt gi tr. - Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong array th LOOKUP() s ly gi tr ln nht m nh hn hoc bng lookup_value. - Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong ct hoc hng u tin trong array th LOOKUP() s bo li #NA! array: L mt vng cha lookup_value, c th l s, k t, hoc gi tr logic. Dng mng ca LOOKUP() gn tng ng nh hm VLOOKUP() hoc HLOOKUP(). Khc bit ch VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() tm kim trn ct (hoc ng) u tin, cn LOOKUP() tm kim trn ct hoc trn dng ty thuc vo dng mng c khai bo: - Nu array l mng c s ct nhiu hn s dng th LOOKUP() s tm trn ng u tin. - Nu array l mng c s dng nhiu hn s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn ct u tin. - Trng hp array l mng c s dng bng s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn ct u tin. - VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() ly kt qu trn ct (hoc) ng c ch nh, cn LOOKUP() lun lun ly kt qu trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng. - Cc gi tr trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca array phi c sp xp theo th t tng n, nu khng, LOOKUP() c th cho kt qu khng chnh xc. Hm GETPIVOTDATA()
96
Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th ng GETP VOTDATA() ly d liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt t trong bo co . nhanh chng nhp cng thc GETPIVOTDATA(), bn c th g du = vo mun nhn d liu tng kt, ri nhp vo cha s liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable. C php: = GETPIVOTDATA(data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...) ata_fiel : Tn trng cha d liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable. Tn ny phi c t trong mt cp du nhy kp. pivot_data : Tham chiu n mt , dy , hoc tn dy bn trong mt bo co PivotTable. Thng tin ny c ng xc nh bo co PivotTable no cha d liu tr v . field1, item1, field2, item2,... : C th c t 1 n 126 (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny ch l 14) cp tn field v item m t d liu mun tr v. Nhng cp ny c th thuc bt c loi no. Nu tn field v item khng l ngy thng hoc s liu, cn phi t chng trong cp du nhy k p. i vi loi bo co OLAP PivotTable, items c th bao gm y ng dn ln tn ca item. Mt cp field v item ca OLAP PivotTable c th nh sau: "[Product]","[Product].[All Products].[Foods].[Baked Goods]" Lu {: * Cc field hay item tnh ton v cc php tnh t to c th c t trong php tnh GETPIVOTDATA. * Nu pivot_table l mt dy c cha nhiu hn 1 bo co PivotTable, liu tr v s l t bo co c to ra sau cng. * Nu i s fiel v cc i s ca item m t ch mi mt , gi tr ca s c tr v m khng cn bit gi tr l chui, l s, l li, hay l mt th g ... * Nu item cha ngy thng, gi tr phi c biu din i dng mt chui s hoc c thit lp bng cch ng hm DATE() gi tr s khng bin i khi bng tnh c m mt my khc, c h thng nh dng ngy thng khc vi ni to ra n. V d, mt item
97
tham chiu ti ngy 5 thng 3 nm 1999 c th c nhp l 36224 hay DATE(1999, 3, 5). Thi gian c th c nhp nh mt gi tr thp phn hoc bng cch dng hm TIME(). * Nu pivot_table khng phi l mt dy c cha bo co PivotTable, GETPIVOTDATA() s tr v li #REF! * Nu cc i s miu t mt field khng th thy c, hoc nu chng gm mt trng khng hin th, GETP VOTDATA() cng s tr v li #REF! Hm DGET() Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt anh sch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu kin c ch nh. C php: = DGET(database, field, criteria) =OFFSET(reference, rows, cols [, height] [, width]) Tr v mt vng tham chiu t mt vng xut pht. y l mt trong nhng hm rt hay ca Excel, v c ng dng rt nhiu. N ng tham chiu n mt vng no , bt u t mt , hoc mt dy , vi mt khong cch c ch nh. reference: L vng m bn mun lm im xut pht tham chiu n vng khc. Reference phi ch n mt hoc mt dy lin tc, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE! rows: S dng di ln (hoc xung) tnh t reference, nhp s ng nu mun di xung, hoc s m nu mun di ln. cols: S ct di sang phi tri (hoc phi) tnh t reference, nhp s ng nu mun di sang phi, hoc s m nu mun di sang tri. height: L s ng ( cao) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v. width: L s ct ( rng) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v. Ghi ch: * Nu s dng (rows) hoc ct (cols) vt ra ngoi phm vi bng tnh, hm s bo li #REF! * cao (height) v rng (width) nu khng nhp, th xem nh n bng vi cao v rng ca vng xut pht (reference)
98
=ROW(reference) Tr v s th t dng ca u tin trong dy . Tr v s th t dng ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham chiu. reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th ROW() tr v s th t ct ca cha cng thc. =ROWS(array) Tr v s dng ca vng tham chiu. array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu =TRANSPOSE(array) Chuyn mt vng d liu ngang thnh dc v ngc li. Hm TRANSPOSE() lun lun c nhp dng cng thc mng (nhn Ctrl-Shift-Enter sau khi nhp) array: L mng d liu cn hon chuyn Nu s ct trong vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s hng ca array, hoc s hng trong vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s ct ca array, hm s bo li #NA ti nhng b ra. =VLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, ct cn ly, cch tm) D tm mt gi tr trn ct u tin v tr v ... Hm tm kim v tham chiu theo ct. Vng cn tm: thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $ Ct cn ly: vng cn tm. Cch tm: Tm theo 2 gi tr: 0: Ct bn tri ca vng cn tm khng sp xp (ngm nh) 1: Sp xp tng n. =HLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, hng cn ly, cch tm) D tm m t gi tr trn hng u tin v tr v ... - ging hm VLOOKUP f. HM TON HC V LNG GIC Bao gm cc hm v ton hc v lng gic gip bn c th gii mt bi ton i s, gii tch, hoc lng gic t tiu hc n i hc...
99
Lu { n quy cch hin th s ca VN v ca US. lun nhp p mt gi tr kiu s bn hy s dng bn phm s. =ABS Tnh tr tuyt i ca mt s =ACOS Tnh nghch o cosin =ACOSH Tnh nghch o cosin hyperbol =ASIN Tnh nghch o sin =ASINH Tnh nghch o sin hyperbol =ATAN Tnh nghch o tang =ATAN2 Tnh nghch o tang vi ta =ATANH Tnh nghch o tang hyperbol =CE L NG L trn n bi s gn nht =COMBIN Tnh t hp t s phn t chn =COS Tnh cosin ca mt gc =COSH Tnh cosin hyperbol =DEGREES i radians sang =EVEN Lm trn mt s n s nguyn chn gn nht. =E P Tnh ly tha c s e =FACT Tnh giai tha ca mt s =FACTDOUBLE Tnh ly tha cp 2 =FLOOR Lm trn xung n bi s gn nht do bn ch. =GCD Tm c s chung ln nht =INT(X) Lm trn xung s nguyn gn nht (Hm ly gi tr l phn nguyn-Hm cho gi tr l phn nguyn ca X) =LCM Tm bi s chung nh nht =LN Tnh logarit c s t nhin ca mt s
100
=LOG Tnh logarit =LOG10 Tnh logarit c s 10 = DETER Tnh nh thc ca ma trn
=MINVERSE Tm ma trn nghch o =MMULT Tnh tch 2 ma trn =MOD(a,b) Hm cho gi tr l phn ca php chia a:b =MROUND Lm trn mt s n bi s ca s khc. =MULTINOMIAL T l giai tha tng vi tch cc giai tha ca cc s. =ODD Lm trn n mt s nguyn l gn nht. =PI Tr v gi tr pi =POWER Tnh ly tha ca mt s =PRODUCT Tnh tch cc s =QUOTIENT Ly phn nguyn ca php chia =RAD ANS i sang radians. =RAND Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong 0 v 1 =RANDBETWEEN Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong do bn ch nh Hm ROMAN() Dng chuyn i mt s dng -rp sang dng s La-m C php: = ROMAN(number, form) number: S cn chuyn i form: dng chuyn i 0 (hoc TRUE, hoc khng nhp): Dng c in 1 cho n 3: Dng c in nhng c rt gn, s cng ln rt gn cng nhiu (xem thm v d) 4 (hoc FALSE): Dng hin i
101
Ch : * number phi l s ng, nu number < 0 hm s bo li #VALUE! * Nu number l s thp phn, ROMAN() ch chuyn i phn nguyn ca n * Hm ROMAN() ch x l{ c ti s ln nht l 3999, nu number > 3999 hm s bo li #VALUE! * Sau khi chuyn i, kt qu s l mt d liu dng text, v khng th tnh ton vi n c na V d: ROMAN(499, 0) = CDXCIX = ROMAN(499) = ROMAN(499, TRUE) ROMAN(499, 1) = LDVLIV ROMAN(499, 2) = XDIX ROMAN(499, 3) = VDIV ROMAN(499, 4) = ID = ROMAN(499, FALSE) ROMAN(2008) = MMVIII =ROUND(X,n) Hm lm trn n s ca X Nu n ng (n>0) s lm trn s bn phi k t v tr du chm thp phn. Nu n m (n<0) s lm trn s bn tri k t v tr du chm thp phn. =ROUNDDOWN Lm trn m t s hng xung zero =ROUNDUP Lm trn mt s hng ra xa zero. =SIN Tnh sin ca mt gc =SINH Tnh sin hyperbol ca mt s =SUM Tnh tng ca cc s =DSUM (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh tng trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu. VD: Tnh tng tin lng nhng ngi 26 tui.
102
Hm SUMIF() Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha mt iu kin cho trc. C php: = SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range) Range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua. Criteria : iu kin tnh tng. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v... Sum_range : L vng thc s tnh tng. Nu b qua, Excel s coi nh sum_range = range. Lu {: * Sum_range khng nht thit phi cng kch thc vi range. Vng thc s tnh tng c xc nh bng u tin pha trn bn tri ca sum_range, v bao gm thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range. V d: - Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B5, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5 - Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B3, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5 - Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D4, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4 - Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D2, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4 * C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc du ? hay *). * Khi iu kin tnh tng l nhng k t, SUMIF() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa. Hm SUMIFS() Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha nhiu iu kin cho trc. C php: = SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ...) Sum_range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua.
103
Criteria_range1, criteria_range2... : C th c t 1 n 127 vng ng lin kt vi cc iu kin cho vng. Criteria1, criteria2... : C th c t 1 n 127 iu kin tnh tng. Chng c th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v... Lu {: * Mi trong sum_range ch c tnh tng nu tt c cc iu kin tng ng vi u ng. Nu tha cc iu kin, n s bng 1, cn khng, th n bng 0. * Khng ging nh nhng i s range v criteria ca hm SUMIF, trong hm SUMIFS, m i vng criteria_range phi c cng kch thc v hnh dng ging nh sum_range. * C th dng cc k t i din trong cc iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc du ? hay *) * Khi iu kin m l nhng k t, SUMIFS() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa. Hm SUMSQ() Dng tnh tng cc bnh phng ca cc s C php: = SUMSQ(number1, number2, ...) number1, number2, ... : C th ng n 255 tham s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, con s ny ch l 30) Cc tham s (number) c th l mt s, l mt mng, mt tn, hay l mt tham chiu n mt cha s, v.v... V d: SUMSQ(3, 4) = (3^2) + (4^2) = 9 + 16 = 25 Ba hm sau y c cch ng v c php tng t nhau: Hm SUMX2MY2(), Hm SUMXPY2() v Hm SUMXMY2() d nh tn ca ba hm ny, bn c chng t tri sang phi vi cc quy c sau: SUM = Tng, M (Minus) = Tr (hiu s), P (Plus) = Cng (tng s), 2 = Bnh phng, v Y l hai mng g , c cha nhiu phn t x v y
104
Vy, nh ngha v cch tnh ton ca 3 hm ny l: = SUMX2MY2: Tng ca hiu hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu = SUMX2PY2: Tng ca tng hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu = SUMXMY2: Tng ca bnh phng ca hiu cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu C php: = SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y) = SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y) = SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y) array_x v array_y l cc dy hoc gi tr kiu mng Lu {: * array_x v array_y bt buc phi c cng kch thc, nu khng, hm s bo li #NA! * Nu trong array_x hoc array_y c nhng gi tr kiu text, kiu logic hoc rng, th s c b qua (khng tnh), tuy nhin cc gi tr = 0 vn c tnh. =TAN Tnh tang ca mt gc =TANH Tnh tang hyperbol ca mt s =TRUNC Ct bt phn thp phn ca s Hm SUMPRODUCT() Tnh tng cc tch cc phn t tng ng trong cc mng gi tr Sum = Tng-Product = Tch SUMPRODUCT = Tng ca tch (cc mng d liu) C php: = SUMPRODUCT(array1, array2, ...) array1, array2, ... : C th dng t 2 ti 255 mng (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny ch l 30) v cc mng ny phi cng kch thc vi nhau Lu {:
105
* Nu cc mng khng cng kch thc, SUMPRODUCT s bo li #VALUE! * Bt kz mt phn t no trong mng khng phi l d liu kiu s, s c SUMPRODUCT coi nh bng 0 (zero) Hm SUBTOTAL l mt hm rt linh hot nhng cng l mt trong cc hm hi kh s dng ca Excel. iu kh hiu th nht chnh l ci tn ca n, v n thc s lm c nhiu th hn { ngha ca tn hm. i s th nht ca hm bt buc bn phi nh con s i din cho php tnh cn thc hin trn tp s liu (trong Excel 2010 c tnh nng AutoComplete gip chng ta khi nh cc con s ny). Hm SUBTOTAL c Microsoft nng cp k t phin bn Excel 2003 vi s gia tng cc tuz chn cho i s th nht ca hm, tuy nhin iu ny dn n s khng tng thch vi cc phin bn c nu chng ta s dng cc tnh nng mi b sung ny. i s u tin ca ca hm SUBTOTAL xc nh hm thc s no s c s dng khi tnh ton (xem trong anh sch bn i). V d nu i s l 1 th hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm AVERAGE, nu i s th nht l 9 th hm hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm SU . SUBTOTAL l hm tnh ton cho m t nhm con trong mt danh sch hoc bng d liu tuz theo php tnh m bn chn la trong i s th nht. C php: = SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, ref2,...) Function_num: Cc con s t 1 n 11 (hay 101 n 111) qui nh hm no s c ng tnh ton trong SUBTOTAL Ref1, ref2: Cc vng a ch tham chiu m bn mun thc hin ph p tnh trn . Trong Excel 2010, bn c th ng n 254 ref (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny ch l 29) Ghi ch: * Nu c hm SUBTOTAL khc t lng trong cc i s ref1, ref2,... th cc hm lng ny s b b qua khng c tnh, nhm trnh trng hp tnh ton 2 ln.
106
* i s function_num nu t 1 n 11 th hm SUBTOTAL tnh ton bao gm c cc gi tr n trong tp s liu (hng n). i s function_num nu t 101 n 111 th hm SUBTOTAL ch tnh ton cho cc gi tr khng n trong tp s liu (b qua cc gi tr n). * Hm SUBTOTAL s b qua khng tnh ton tt c cc hng b n bi lnh Filter (Auto Filter) m khng ph thuc vo i s function_num c dng (1 ging 101...). * Hm SUBTOTAL c thit k tnh ton cho cc ct s liu theo chiu dc, n khng c thit k tnh theo chiu ngang. * Hm ny ch tnh ton cho d liu 2-D, do vy nu d liu tham chiu dng 3-D (V d v tham chiu 3-D: =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) th hm SUBTOTAL bo li #VALUE! Hm SQRT() Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s C php: = SQRT(number) number: S thc, ng (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!) V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16 SQRT(16) = 4 SQRT(A2) = #NUM! SQRT(ABS(A2)) = 4 Hm SQRTPI() Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s nhn vi Pi (= 3.14159265358979) C php: = SQRTPI(number) number: S thc, ng nhn vi Pi (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!) V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16 SQRT(1) = 1.772454 (cn bc hai ca Pi) SQRT(2) = 2.506628 (cn bc hai ca 2*Pi) Hm SIGN()
107
Tr v du ca s: 1 nu l s ng, 0 (zero) nu l s 0 v -1 nu l s m. C php: = SIGN(number) V d: SIGN(10) = 1 SIGN(4-4) = 0 SIGN(-0.057) = -1 Hm SERIESSUM() Dng tnh tng ly tha ca mt chui s, theo cng thc sau y: series (x, n, m, a) = a1*x^n + a2*x^(n+m) + a3*x^(n+2m) + ... + ai*x^(n+(i-1)m) C php: = SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients) x : gi tr nhp vo cho chui ly tha n : ly tha khi to tng ti x m : bc tng cho mi phn t trong chui coefficients : tp hp h s s c nhn vi mi ly tha ca x Cc thng s ny phi l cc d liu kiu s, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE! V d: SERIESSUM(5, 0, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4}) = 64,426 Din gii chi tit: (x = 5, n = 0, m = 2, coefficients = 1, 2, 3, 4) =1*5^0 + 2*5^(0+2) + 3*5^(0+2*2) + 4*5^(0+3*2) = 64426 HM THNG K Bao gm cc hm s gip bn gii quyt cc bi ton thng k t n gin n phc tp. =AVEDEV Tnh bnh qun phn cc =AVERAGE(vng) Tnh trung bnh cng cc s. =AVERAGEA Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr
108
=DAVERAGE (vng d liu, ct cn tnh, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong ct tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu. Hm AVERAGEIF() Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c cc c chn tha mn mt iu kin cho trc. C php: = AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range) range : L mt hoc nhiu cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn vng, cc mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr... criteria : L iu kin i dng mt s, mt biu thc, a ch hoc chui, qui nh vic tnh trung bnh cho nhng no... average_range : L tp hp cc tht s c tnh trung bnh. Nu b trng th Excel dng range tnh. Lu {: * Cc trong range nu c cha nhng gi tr lun l (TRUE hoc FALSE) th s c b qua. * Nhng rng trong average_range cng s c b qua. * Nu range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIF s bo li #DIV/0! * Nu c mt no trong criteria rng, AVERAGEIF s xem nh n bng 0. * Nu khng c no trong range tha mn iu kiu ca criteria, AVERAGEIF s bo li #DIV/0! * Bn c th cc k t i din nh ?, * trong criteria (du ? thay cho mt k t no , v du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh cc du ? hoc *, th bn g thm du ~ trc n. * average_range khng nht thit phi c cng kch thc vi range, m cc thc s c tnh trung bnh s dng trn cng bn tri ca average_range lm bt u, v bao gm thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range. Hm AVERAGEIFS()
109
Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c cc c chn tha mn nhiu iu kin cho trc. C php: = AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ...) average_range : Vng cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn vng, cc mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr... criteria_range1, criteria_range2, ... : Vng cha nhng iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th khai bo t 1 n 127 vng. criteria1, criteria2, ... : L cc iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th khai bo t 1 n 127 iu kin, i dng s, biu thc, tham chiu hoc chui... Lu {: * Nu average_range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIFS s bo li #DIV/0! * Nu c mt no trong nhng vng criteria_range rng, AVERAGEIFS s xem nh n bng 0. * Nhng gi tr logic: TRUE s c xem l 1, v FALSE s c xem l 0. * Mi trong average_range ch c tnh trung bnh nu tha tt c iu kin quy nh cho * Khng ging nh AVERAGE F(), mi vng criteria_range phi c cng kch thc vi average_range * Nu c mt no trong average_range khng th chuyn i sang dng s, hoc nu khng c no tha tt c cc iu kin, AVERAGEIFS s bo li #DIV/0! * C th cc k t i din nh ?, * cho cc iu kin (du ? thay cho mt k t no , v du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh cc du ? hoc *, th bn g thm du ~ trc n. Hm COUNT() m d liu cha s (m s khng trng) - m s c trong vng. Nhng ch m nhng c kiu d liu l kiu s. C php=COUNT(vng)
110
=COUNTA m s cha d liu =COUNTIF(Vng cn m, iu kin) Hm m c iu kin - m s c trong vng vi iu kin ch ra iu kin. Hm COUNT F m c kiu d liu l kiu s v c kiu k t. =DCOUNT(vng d liu, ct cn m, vng tiu chun) m s cha lng gi tr s trong ct tho mn k trong vng tiu chun tm kim trong vng d liu. VD: m xem c bao nhiu ngi c mc lng l 500000. =MAX(vng) Tm s ln nht trong vng =MAXA Tm gi tr ln nht Hm DMAX() C php: = DMAX(database, field, criteria)=DMAX (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh gi tr cao nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu. VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai cao lng nht. =MIN(vng) Tm s nh nht trong vng =MINA Tm gi tr nh nht Hm DMIN() C php: =DMIN(database, field, criteria)=DMIN (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh gi tr nh nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu. VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai thp lng nht. =RANK( cn xp th, vng cn so snh) Tm v th ca mt s trong dy s. Vng cn so snh: Thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $ Hm DVARP() C php: = DVARP(database, [field,] criteria)
111
Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Hm DVAR() C php: = DVAR(database, [field,] criteria) c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Hm DSUM() C php: = DSUM(database, field, criteria) Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Hm DSTDEVP() C php: = DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria) Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Hm DSTDEV() C php: = DSTDEV(database, field, criteria) c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. Hm DPRODUCT() C php: = DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria) Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh. m s rng trong bng tnh
112
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISBLANK(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim tra. m s cha nhng gi tr khng phi l kiu s Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISNUMBER(range), 0, 1))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim tra. m s b li Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISERROR(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim tra. g. HM X L VN BN V D LIU Bao gm cc hm x l chui vn bn nh trch lc, tm kim, thay th, chuyn i chui vn bn trong Excel. Hm ASC() Dng i cc k t double-byte sang cc k t single-byte cho nhng ngn ng s dng b k t double-byte. C php: = ASC(text) text : L ch hoc tham chiu n mt c cha ch. Nu text khng cha bt kz mu t no thuc loi double-byte, th text s khng c chuyn i. V d: = ASC("Excel") = Excel =CHAR Chuyn s thnh k t =CLEAN Xa k t khng ph hp =CODE Tr v m s ca k t u tin Hm CONCATENATE Cng dng: Dng ni nhiu chui li vi nhau Cng thc: =CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...) V d: =CONCATENATE("Gii php", "Excel", " - ", "Cng c tuyt vi ca bn) Gii php Excel - Cng c tuyt vi ca bn
113
=DOLLAR Chuyn nh dng s thnh tin t Hm EXACT Cng dng: Dng so snh hai chui vi nhau. Cng thc: =EXACT(text1,text2) Hm EXACT phn bit ch thng v ch hoa. Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr v tr FALSE V d: =EXACT("Gii php", "Gii php") TRUE =EXACT("Gii php", "Gii Php") FALSE =FIXED Chuyn mt s sang nh dng vn bn =LEFT(X,n) Hm LEFT ly n k t t bn tri sang ca vn bn X =LEN Tnh di mt chui =LOWER Chuyn thnh ch thng. =PROPER Chuyn k t u mi t thnh ch hoa Hm D Dng trch xut mt chui con (substring) t mt chui
Cng thc: =MID(text, start_num, num_chars])=MID(X, m, n) Hm MID ly n k t trong chui X bt u t v tr m. text: chui vn bn cn trch xut start_num: v tr bt u trch ra chui con, tnh t bn tri sang num_chars: s k t ca chui con cn trch ra - num_chars phi l s nguyn ng - start_num phi l s nguyn ng - Nu start_num ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l chui rng V d: = D("Karen Elizabeth Hammon ", 7, 9) Elizabeth
114
Hm REPLACE Cng dng: Dng thay th mt phn ca chui bng mt chui khc, da vo s k t c ch nh Cng thc: =REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text) old_text: chui vn bn cn c x l start_num: v tr bt u tm ci s thay th, tnh t bn tri sang num_chars: s k t ca chui cn c thay th new_text: chui vn bn s thay th cho s k t chn bi start_num v num_chars Ci kh ca hm ny l xc nh c bi start_num v num_chars. Lm sao bit c bt u t u v thay th bao nhiu ch? Ti gi nh: - Bn dng hm FIND() hoc SEARCH() xc nh v tr bt u (start_num) - Dng hm LEN() xc nh s k t ca chui s c thay th (num_chars) V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007 Dng cng thc nh sau: =REPLACE(A1, F ND("2007", A1), LEN("2007"), "2008") Expense Bu get for 2008 Vi A1 = Expense Budget for 2007 Hm RIGHT Dng trch xut phn bn phi ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k t ty theo s ch nh ca bn Cng thc: =RIGHT(text [,num_chars])=RIGHT(X,n) Hm RIGHT ly n k t t bn phi sang ca vn bn X text: chui vn bn cn trch xut k t num_chars: s k t cn trch ra pha bn phi ca chui text, mc nh l 1 - num_chars phi l s nguyn ng - Nu num_chars ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l ton b chui text V d: =R GHT("Karen Elizabeth Hammon ", 7) Hammon
115
=REPT Lp li mt chui =SUBSTITUTE Thay th mt chui xc nh Hm FIND v Hm SEARCH Cng dng: Dng tm v tr bt u ca mt chui con (substring) trong mt chui Cng thc: =FIND(find_text, within_text [, start_num]) =SEARCH(find_text, within_text [, start_num]) find_text: chui vn bn cn tm (chui con) within_text: chui vn bn cha chui cn tm (chui m) start_num: v tr bt u tm trong chui within_text (mc nh l 1) Mt s lu {: - Kt qu ca hai hm ny l mt con s, ch v tr bt u (tnh t start_num) ca find_text trong within_text - Dng SEARCH() khi mun tm mt chui bt kz. V d: SEARCH("e", "Expenses") s cho kt qu l 1. - Dng FIND() khi mun tm chnh xc mt chui c phn bit ch hoa, ch thng. V d: FIND("e", "Expenses") s cho kt qu l 4. - Nu khng tm thy find_text, hm s bo li #VALUE - C th dng nhng k t i din nh *, ? trong fin _text ca hm SEARCH() - Vi hm SEARCH(), nu mun tm chnh k t * hoc ? th g du ~ trc k t ( ~* hoc l ~?) =TEXT Chuyn mt s sang text. Hm T Cng dng: Tr v mt chui nu tr tham chiu l chui, ngc li, s tr v chui rng Kim tra d liu kiu text
116
Cng thc: =T(value) Hm ny t khi c dng. Hm SUBSTITUTE Cng dng: Dng thay th mt chui ny bng mt chui khc. Hm ny cng tng t hm REPLACE(), nhng s dng hn. Cng thc: =SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text [,instance_num]) text: chui vn bn gc, cn c x l old_text: chui vn bn cn c thay th new_text: chui vn bn s thay th vo instance_num: s ln thay th old_text bng new_text, nu b qua th tt c old_text tm c s c thay th bng new_text V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007 Dng cng thc nh sau: =SUBSTITUTE("Expense Budget for 2007", "2007", "2008") Expense Bu get for 2008 HM THAY TH CHUI NY BNG CHUI KHC (Substituting One Substring for Another) C nhiu chng trnh c kh nng tm kim mt s on vn v thay th n bng on vn khc. Excel cng c kh nng lm chuyn bng cch ng hm. l hm REPLACE v hm SUBSTITUTE. =TRIM Xa nhng k t trng bn trong chui. =UPPER Chuyn k t thng thnh hoa. Hm VALUE Cng dng: Dng i mt chui i din cho mt s thnh kiu s Cng thc: =VALUE(text)
117
text phi l nh dng s, ngy thng hoc bt kz mt thi gian no min l c Excel cng nhn. Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr v tr FALSE V d: trch ra s 6500 trong SQA6500, bn c th dng hm RIGHT() =RIGHT("SQA6500", 4) 6500 Tuy nhin kt qu o hm R GHT() c c s dng text, bn khng th nhn chia cng tr g vi ci "6500" ny c. c th tnh ton vi "6500", bn phi i n sang dng s: =VALUE(R GHT("SQA6500",4)) 6500 Cng l 6500, nhng by gi bn c th cng tr nhn chia vi n. *Trch xut h v tn (v d ng trch cho tn ting Anh, b qua tn m) Cch lm l ng hm F ND() tm nhng khong trng phn cch gia h v tn, sau ng hm LEFT() tch phn tn, v hm RIGHT() tch phn h. ly phn tn (First Name), chng ta dng cng thc sau (gi s h tn nm cell A2): =LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1) Ngha l ng hm F ND() tm v tr ca k t trng u tin k t bn tri, v d n l v tr th 5, khi hm LEFT() s xc nh c ci tn ny gm c 4 ch (= 5-1). ly phn h (Last Name), chng ta dng cng thc: =RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2)) Bn t dch cu ny nh! *Trch xut h, tn m v tn (v d vi tn ting Anh, phn tn m c vit tt) Cch lm ging nh bi Trch xut h v tn trn, tuy nhin c khc mt ch t, trch thm phn tn m.
118
Gi s H v Tn (full name) nm cell A2, v ang c gi tr l Karen E. Hammond u tin, nh bi trn, ng cng thc sau tch phn Tn (first name): =LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1) Karen Cng thc FIND(" ", A2) s cho kt qu l 6, l v tr ca khong trng u tin (sau ch Karen). tm v tr ca khong trng th hai, th bn phi gn v tr bt u tm (start_num) l 7, hoc l bng kt qu ca FIND(" ", A2) cng thm 1: =FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ",A2) + 1) Ri dng kt qu ca cng thc ny lm tham s cho hm R GHT() trch ra phn H (last name): =RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - F ND(" ", A2, F ND(" ", A2) +1)) Hammon trch phn tn m, dng hm F ND() tm v tr ca du chm (.) ri a vo trong cng thc ca hm D() tm k t ng trc du chm:
=MID(A2, FIND(".", A2) - 1, 1) E HM LOGIC Hm AND C l khi gii thch nh. AND c ngha l V. Vy thi. Dng hm ny khi mun ni n ci ny v ci ny v ci ny...... C php: AND(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...) logical: Nhng biu thc s c x t xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE) Nu tt c cc biu thc u ng, hm AND() s tr v gi tr TRUE, v ch cn 1 trong cc biu thc sai, hm AND() s tr v gi tr FALSE. Bn c th dng hm AND() bt c ch no bn mun, nhng thng th hm AND() hay c dng chung vi hm IF(). V d: =IF(AND(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus")
119
Nu gi tr B2 v C2 ln hn 0, th (thng) 1.000, cn nu ch cn mt trong 2 B2 hoc C2 nh hn 0, th khng thng chi c. =FALSE(): C th nhp trc tip FALSE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l mt biu thc c gi tr FALSE m khng cn ng n c php ca hm ny Hm IF =IF (logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) : Dng kim tra iu kin theo gi tr v cng thc C php: F (iu kin, gi tr 1, gi tr 2) Nu iu kin ng th hm tr v gi tr 1, ngc li hm nhn gi tr 2 Ci lp lun: "Nu ti ng th lm cho ti ci ny, nu ti sai th lm cho ti ci kia".. C l trong ch ng ta ai cng hiu. Mt tnh hung n gin nht C php: IF(logical_test, value_is_true) logical_test: Mt biu thc s c x t xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE) value_is_true: gi tr tr v khi biu thc logical_test c kim tra l ng (TRUE) V d: =IF(A1 >= 1000, "It's big!") Ngha l, nu gi tr A1 ln hn hoc bng 1000, th kt qu nhn c s l "It's big!", cn khng, nu A1 nh hn 1000, kt qu s l FALSE. Mt v d khc, gi s bn c mt bng nh gi mc bn ra, mua vo ca mt danh mc hng ha di, v bn mun theo di nhng mt hng c doanh s bn ra khng t yu cu iu chnh chin lc kinh doanh ca mnh, bng cch gn nhng du "<" bn cnh n, h phn trm doanh s cng thp th nhng du hiu "<" cng nhiu... Bn c th dng hm IF(), theo mu: =IF(cell<0, flag) Vi cell l gi tr doanh s m bn mun theo di, v flag l du hiu m t, v d, cell cha gi tr doanh s l B2:
120
=IF(B2<0, "<<<<<") nhng du "<" t l thun vi mc st gim doanh s bn hng, bn c th dng hm REPT(), vi cng thc: REPT("<" , B2 * -100) y, phi nhn gi tr ca B2 vi -100, bi v chng ta ch xt nhng trng hp B2<0 V cng thc hon chnh th hin mc st gim doanh s ca tng mt hng s l: =IF(B2<0, REPT("<" , B2 * -100)) Nhng hm IF lng nhau Trong cuc sng i thng, c my ai d dng chp nhn chuyn "mt ci nu", phi khng cc bn. Ch ng ta thng s dng kiu, nu... ri nhng m nu... nhiu khi k o i n v tn! Trong Excel cng vy. Gi s, chng ta xp loi hc tp, nu im trung bnh (TB) ln hn 9 th gii, vy TB nh hn 9 th ? Cha, TB nh hn 9 nhng ln hn 7 th kh ci , ri TB nh hn 7 nhng cha b im 5 th trung bnh, ch khi no TB nh hn 4 th mi gi l d (ci ny ti ch v d thi, cc bn ng s dng xp loi nh). Khi , ch ng ta s dng nhng hm IF() lng nhau, IF() ny nm trong IF() kia. Sau ny chng ta s hc cch ghp thm nhiu iu kin khc vo na. V d, ti ly li v d ni bi trc: =IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", "Not big") Bi gi thm cht, A1 ln hn 1000 l "big" ri, nhng chng l 10000 th cng ch l "big" ? C l nn tng thm mt danh hiu cao hn: =IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), "Not big") Hoc l, ng rng <1000 l "Not big", nhng n khc "Small" ch (tui khng ln, cha chc tui nh), vy chng ta thm mt nh ngha "Small" th xem: =IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big"))
121
Bn nh, y ti t ci IF "con" khng ging nh trn, sao cng, min l ng sai c php ca IF(). V nu thch, bn c th ghp tt c li: =IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big")) Ch cn mt lu {, l nhng du ng m ngoc n. Nu bn ng v m khng ng l c hoc khng , Excel s khng hiu, hoc l cho cc bn kt qu sai y. Hm IFERROR Trong qu trnh thao tc vi bng tnh, khng t ln chng ta gp li, v cng kh m trnh c li. V d, mt cng thc n gin thi =A/B c th gy li #DIV/0! nu nh B bng 0, hoc gy li #NAME? nu A hoc B khng tn ti, gy li #REF! nu c no lin kt vi A hoc B b xa i... Tuy nhin, i l c ch ng ta li cn phi li dng chnh nhng ci li ny, v d s t ra mt tnh hung: nu c li th lm g ... Gi nm na l BY LI. C l v vy m hm ny c hai ch u l IF; IFERROR = nu xy ra li (th)... MS Excel 2003 tr v trc c hm ISERROR(value), vi value l mt biu thc. Nu biu thc ny gp li, ISERROR() s tr v gi tr TRUE, cn nu biu thc khng c li, ISERROR() tr v gi tr FALSE. V ch ng ta thng dng ISERROR() km vi IF: =IF(ISERROR(expression), ErrorResult, expression) Nu nh biu thc (expression) c li, cng thc trn s ly gi tr ErrorResult (mt rng, hoc mt thng bo li, v.v..), ngc li, s ly chnh gi tr biu thc . V d: =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B) Ci bt tin khi phi dng va IF() va ISERROR() l chng ta phi nhp ci biu thc hai ln: mt ln trong hm ISERROR() v mt ln tham s value_is_False ca IF() C th ci bt tin va ni trn khng ng k, tuy nhin cch s dng ny lm cho cng thc ca chng ta tr nn kh ng hn, bi v nu thay ci biu thc(expression), th chng ta phi thay i nguyn c cng thc.
122
Excel 2010 ng nh hiu c s bt tin , nn gp hai hm IF() v ISERROR li thnh mt, l FERROR() C php: IFERROR(value, value_if_error) _____value: Biu thc c th s gy ra li _____value_if_error: kt qu tr v nu value gy ra li Nu biu thc value khng gy li, IFERROR() s ly biu thc , cn nu n c li th ly ci biu thc value_if_error. V d, cng thc =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B) nu dng IFERROR() th s l =IFERROR(A/B, "") Bn thy y, IFERROR() ngn gn v d hiu hn nhiu. =NOT (logical) : o ngc gi tr ca cc i s Hm OR OR c ngha l HOC. Dng hm ny khi mun ni n ci ny hoc ci ny hay ci kia... ci no cng c, min l phi c t nht 1 ci! C php: OR(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...) logical: Nhng biu thc s c x t xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE) Nu tt c cc biu thc u sai, hm OR() s tr v gi tr FALSE, v ch cn 1 trong cc biu thc ng, hm OR() s tr v gi tr TRUE. Ging nh hm AND(), bn c th dng hm OR() bt c ch no bn mun, nhng thng th hm OR() hay c dng chung vi hm IF(). V d: =IF(OR(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus") Nu gi tr B2 hoc C2 ln hn 0 (tc l ch cn 1 trong 2 ln hn 0), th (thng) 1.000, cn nu c 2 B2 hoc C2 u nh hn 0, th khng thng chi c. =TRUE(): C th nhp trc tip TRUE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l mt biu thc c gi tr TRUE m khng cn ng n c php ca hm ny
123
B qua nhng b li khi chy cng thc V d: Ct Gross Margin (ct D) ca bng tnh i y c cha mt s gp li chia cho 0 (#DIV/0!), do bn ct C c nhng trng. tnh trung bnh cng ca ct D, k nhng c li #DIV/0!, phi dng cng thc mng nh sau: {=AVERAGE(IF(ISERROR(D3:D12), "", D3:D12))} (ngha l nu gp nhng c li th coi nh n bng rng) c nh tn ca ct (Determining the Column Letter) Trong Excel c hm COLUMN(), cho ra kt qu l s ca ct (v d, g hm ny trong ct B th kt qu s l 2). Nhng i khi bn mun kt qu l tn ca ct ch khng mun l con s (B ch khng phi l 2), th lm sao? y l mt vn i hi s khn kho mt cht, v tn ct trong bng tnh chy t A n Z, t AA n AZ... v cho ti tn cng l XFD (!) C mt hm gi p ch ng ta tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, l hm CELL("a d $A$2, hoc $B$10... Hm CELL(info_type [,reference]) Vi info_type l mt tham s c nh ngha (s ni k hn trong nhng bi sau) V reference l cell m bn ch nh, nu b trng th Excel s ly ngay ci cell c cha cng thc CELL(). Trong bi ny, tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, chng ta s dng cng thc CELL() vi info_type l "address" Tinh mt cht, ta thy tn ca ct chnh l nhng ch ci nm gia hai du dollar ($) trong ci a ch tuyt i ny. Bt u lm nh: dng hm MID() trch ra ch ci t v tr th 2 trong a ch tuyt i ca cell: =MID(CELL("Address"), 2, num_chars)
124
ress"), v
Ci kh l ci num_chars ny y, v tn ct th c th l 1, 2, hoc 3 k t (v d: A, AA hoc AAA). Vn dng hm FIND thi: FIND("$", CELL("address"",A2), 3) - 2 Gii thch cht nh: Dng hm FIND(), tm v tr ca du $ trong ci a ch tuyt i ca cell, v bt u tm t v tr th 3 trong ci a ch ny. Ti sao phi tr i 2? Cng thc trn s ch ra v tr (l mt con s) ca du $ th hai trong a ch tuyt i ca cell, tc l ci du $ pha sau tn ct, phi tr i 2 tc l tr bt i 2 ci $, l c ny kt qu s chnh l s k t ca tn ct (1 ch, 2 ch hoc 3 ch) By gi, cng thc hon chnh s nh sau: =MID(CELL("Address"), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address"), 3) - 2) Cng thc ny p dng cho chnh cell cha cng thc. Nu mun tm tn ct ti mt cell no , bn ch vic thm a ch (hoc mt ci g tham chiu n a ch ny) ca cell mun tm vo pha sau ci "address" V d, mun tm tn ca cell AGH68, bn g: =MID(CELL("Address", AGH68), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address", AGH68), 3) - 2) AGH Lp m s t ng C nhiu danh mc khch hng hoc danh mc hng ha c lp m s bng cch dng vi k t u ca tn khch hng (hoc tn hng ha) kt hp vi mt con s. Cch t m s t ng nh vy rt d lm trong Excel, bng cch s dng nhng hm x l vn bn v chui. Gi s danh mc ca chng ta nm ct A v bt u ti cell A2. Trc tin, chng ta hy tch 3 k t u tin ca danh mc v nh dng cho n thnh nhng ch in hoa, bng cng thc: UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3))
125
Tip theo, tn dng chnh s ca nhng hng trong bng tnh lp m s t ng: ROW(A2), v nh dng sao cho nhng con s ny lun c 4 ch s, bng cng thc: TEXT(ROW(A2),"0000") V y l cng thc hon chnh: =UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3)) & TEXT(ROW(A2), "0000") Hm BETADIST() Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. Thng thng hm ny c ng nghin cu s bin thin v phn trm cc mu, v d nh khong thi gian m ngi ta ng xem TV trong mt ngy chng hn. C php: = BETADIST(x, alpha, beta, A, B) x : Gi tr gia A v B, ng tnh mt hm. alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi. A : Cn i ca khong x, mc nh l 0. B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1. Lu {: * Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE! * Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETAD ST() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * Nu x < A, x > B hay A = B, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETADIST() s s dng phn phi tch ly beta chun ha. Hm BETAINV() Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. Ngha l nu xc sut = BETADIST(x, ...) th x = BETAINV(xc sut, ...)
126
Thng dng trong vic ln k hoch d n, m phng s ln m rng xc sut, bit trc thi gian b sung kz vng v bin i. C php: = BETAINV(probability, alpha, beta, A, B) Probability : Xc sut ca bin c x trong phn phi xc sut tch ly beta. alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi. A : Cn i ca khong x, mc nh l 0. B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1. Lu {: * Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #VALUE! * Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETA NV() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * Nu probability 0 hay probability > 1, BETA NV() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETAINV() s s dng phn phi tch ly beta chun ha. * BETAINV() s dng phng php lp khi tnh mt phn phi. Vi probability cho trc, BETAINV() lp cho ti khi kt qu chnh xc trong khong 0.0000003. Nu BETAINV() khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, n s tr v gi tr li #NA! V d: BETAINV(0.6854706, 8, 10, 1, 3) = 2 Hm BINOMDIST() Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn. B NO D ST() thng c dng trong cc bi ton c s lng c nh cc php th, khi kt qu ca cc php th ch l thnh cng hay tht bi, khi cc php th l c lp, v khi xc xut thnh cng l khng i qua cc cuc th nghim. V d, c th ng B NO D ST() tnh xc sut khong hai phn ba a tr c sinh ra l b trai. C php: = BINOMDIST(number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative)
127
Number_s : S ln th thnh cng trong cc php th. Trials : S ln th. Probability_s : Xc sut thnh cng ca mi php th. Cumulative : Mt gi tr logic xc nh hm tnh xc sut. = 1 (TRUE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut tch ly, l xc sut c s ln thnh cng number_s ln nht. = 0 (FALSE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut im (hay l hm khi lng xc sut), l xc sut m s ln thnh cng l number_s. Lu {: * Nu number_s v trials l s thp phn, chng s c ct b phn l tr thnh s nguyn. * Nu number_s, trials hay probability_s khng ph i l s, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE! * Nu number_s < 0 hay number_s > trials, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * Nu probability_s < 0 hay probability_s > 1, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM! V d: BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 0) = 0.2050781 BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 1) = 0.828125 Hm CHIDIST() Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared. Phn phi chi-squared kt hp vi php th chi-square vi cc gi tr kz vng. V d, mt th nghim v di truyn c th gi thit rng th h k tip ca cc cy trng s tha hng mt tp hp cc mu sc no ; bng cch so snh cc gi tr quan st c vi cc gi tr kz vng, c th thy c gi thit ban u l ng hay sai. C php: = CHIDIST(x, degrees_freedom)
128
ng so snh cc gi tr quan st
x : Gi tr ng tnh phn phi. degrees_freedom : S bc t do. Lu {: * Nu cc i s khng phi l s, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE! * Nu x < 0, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * Nu degrees_freedom khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn ca n s b ct b tr thnh s nguyn. * Nu degrees_freedom < 1 hay degrees_freedom > 10^10, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM! * CH D ST() c tnh ton theo cng thc: CHIDIST = P(X > x), vi X l bin ngu nhin chisquared. V d: CHIDIST(18.307, 10) = 0.050001 Hm NORMINV() Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly chun. C php: = NORMINV(probability, mean, standard_dev) probability : Xc sut ng vi phn phi chun mean : Gi tr trung bnh cng ca phn phi stan ar _ ev : lch chun ca phn phi Lu {: * Nu c bt kz i s no khng phi l s, NORMINV() s bo li #VALUE! * Nu probability nh hn 0 hoc ln hn 1, NOR NV() s bo li #NUM!
* Nu standard_dev nh hn hoc bng 0, NORMDINV() s bo li #NUM! * Nu mean = 0 v standard_dev = 1, NORMINV() s dng phn b chun.
129
* NORMINV() s dng phng php lp i lp li tnh hm. Nu NORMINV() khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, hm s bo li #NA! Chng 4: Khai Thc C S D Liu 4.1. Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu trong mt bng tnh c thi t lp d a trn cc tiu chun. Sp xp th c hin mt sp x p theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct: nh du cc mu n c sp x p Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)
Ty chnh sp xp sp x p nhiu hn mt ct: Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home Ch n ct m bn mu n sp x p u tin Kch Add Level Ch n ct ti p theo bn mu n sp x p Kch OK
130
Lc d liu B l c cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh. s dng b l c: Kch vo ct hoc ch n cc ct cha d liu m bn mu n l c Trn tab Home, kch Sort & Filter Kch nt Filter Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin Kch Text Filter Kch Words bn mu n l c
131
ko p dng b l c, kch nt Sort & Filter Kch Clear
4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart l nhng cng c phn tch d liu rt mnh trong Excel. Chng c th bin nhng con s dng nh v ngha trong mt khi d liu khng l thnh
132
nhng con s c ngha. PivotTable v PivotChart rt d s dng, nhng chng cng c mt s vn phc tp khng th trnh khi. 4.2.1 Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart To mt bo co PivotTable n gin Gi s chng ta c bng tnh sau y:
y l mt trong nhng loi bng tnh m bn c th dng to ra mt PivotTable. D liu thng k doanh thu ca 3 ca hng (store) bn dng c th thao, i din cho 3 min (region) trong mt tun (t ngy 06 n ngy 12/6/2005). Ct D l s khch hng ca tng loi dng c th thao, ct E l tng doanh thu, v cc ct cn li l doanh thu chi ti t ca tng mt hng. y l mt s cu hi m bn c th phi tr li d a vo bng tnh :

Doanh thu ca dng c cm tri (Camping) ti mi min ? Ti mi ca hng, ngy no trong tun l ngy ng khch nht? Ti mi ca hng, mt hng no bn c nhiu nht?
133
Ngy no trong tun (ni chung) l ngy bn nht?
Ti s gip bn tr li cu hi u tin. Ti s hng dn bn to ra mt PivotTable thy c tng doanh thu mt hng Camping ca mi min. bt u, bn cn bo m rng bn ang ch n mt (bt k no) nm trong vng cha d liu m bn mu n to PivotTable. Ri, bn nhn nt PivotTable nm trong nhm Insert ca thanh Ribbon:
Excel s hin th hp thoi Create PivotTable nh hnh sau y:
Trong hp thoi ny, bn thy rng a ch ca dy cha d liu (A2:K44) c nhp sn trong hp Table/Range. N u nh cc nt ty ch n c ch n gi ng ht trong hnh: Select a table or range v New Worksheet, bn hy nhn OK ng hp thoi ny. Excel s to mt Sheet mi, v n s trng gi ng nh hnh sau y:
134
Ngi ta g i y l ci v ca mt PivotTable. Trong ci v ny, bn s thy: bn tri l vng bo co PivotTable, l vng s hin th cc yu cu ca bn sau khi bn hon tt mt PivotTable. bn phi l ca s PivotTable Field List, l ni m bn s quy t nh nhng d liu no s c hin th trn PivotTable, v cch sp x p ca chng. Ti s trnh by vi bn chi ti t v ci PivotTable Field List ny trong mt bi khc. Cn by gi bn c ti p tc . Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, bn hy nhn vo mc Region ch n n (hoc bn nhn vo hp kim ngay bn cnh n cng c). Bn s thy mc Region ny t ng xut hin trong vng Row Labels ca PivotTable Field List, ng thi PivotTable cng t ng hin th tn ca 3 min: Midwest, Northeast v South trong ct A:
135
Ti p tc, bn nhn vo Camping ch n n. Ngay lp tc, Sum of Caming xut hin trong vng Values pha cu i PivotTable Field List, ng thi, ct B hin th tng doanh thu mt hng Camping ng vi mi min. Cu i cng, bn nhn vo ci mi tn b t nm ngay bn cnh mc Sum of Camping trong khung Values, ch n Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra.
136
Hp thoi Value Field Settings xut hin. Nhn vo ci nt Number Format. Hp thoi Format Cells quen thuc s m ra, ch n Currency. Xong nhn OK hai ln ng tt c cc hp thoi. PivotTable ca bn s gi ng nh sau hnh say. N u thch, v cng d xem hn, bn nhn vo A3, ni ang c ch Row Labels, sa n li thnh Region:
Hy v ng rng bn s thy vic to ra mt PivotTable d nh th no. Vng, n rt n gin, v n u c nhng yu cu phc tp hn, th cng vy thi. Xin ni thm mt vi kha cnh khc ca PivotTable:
137
Khi mt PivotTable c kch hot, hp thoi PivotTable Field List s xut hin. Nhng Field c ch n vo trong bo co PivotTable s c in m v c mt du kim ngay bn cnh, ng thi chng cng xut hin nhng vng bn di ca PivotTable Field List, cho chng ta bi t vai tr ca chng trong PivotTable. kch hot mt PivotTable, bn nhn vo mt bt k trong vng bo co PivotTable. Cn n u khng mu n kch hot n, th bn ch vic nhn ra ngoi, bt k ch no trong bng tnh. Bn s thy bn phi ca tiu Region trong vng bo co ( A3) c mt nt mi tn x xu ng (drop-down arrow). Nt ny c chc nng tng t chc nng AutoFilter. Nhn vo , bn c th l a ch n nhng mc mu n xem thuc danh sch Region, m mc nh ca n l Select All (xem tt c). V d, bn ch mu n xem doanh thu dng c cm tri ca ring min Midwest m thi, bn nhn vo nt ny, nhn vo mc (Select All) tt n i, ri nhn vo mc Midwest, bn s c k t qu nh hnh sau:
1.2. To mt bo co PivotTable vi nhiu ct
138
V d bi trc ch l mt trong nhng bo co PivotTable n gin nht. Tr ong bi ny, bn s h c cch to mt bo co PivotTable phc tp hn, c nhiu ct cng nh nhiu hng hn. Bn xem d liu sau y. N l d liu ca nhng ca hng cho thu bng video:
Cc hng d liu trong bi ny c thi t k khc vi bi trc. Mi hng trong bng i din cho mt th loi video ca mt ca hng (c ghi ct B). Con s ct Title l s lng u phim thuc th loi . Mc ch ca chng ta l to mt PivotTable trnh by nhng thng tin mt dng d xem hn. Cc bc to ra mt ci v ca PivotTable, ti trnh by bi 1. N u bn lm ng, hp thoi PivotTable Field List ca bn s gi ng nh sau:
139
Trong danh sch cc Field s c Store, Category v Titles. Hy nhn ch n c ba. Excel s lm gip bn cc vic sau:

em Store v Category vo trong hp Row Labels em Tiltes vo trong hp Values, vi ci tn l Sum of Titles Trnh by cc thng tin vo vng bo co PivotTable
K t qu c minh h a hnh sau y:
140
C th nhng g hin th trn my ca bn khng gi ng ci hnh ny. N u nh bn mu n n gi ng ht hnh ny, hy nhn nt phi chut vo tn ca mt ca hng no trong ct A (Clarkville chng hn), ch n lnh Field Setting, ri bn nh du vo cc ty ch n ca tab Layout & Print gi ng nh ti lm trong hnh sau y; v n u nh ci tn trong A3 ang l RowLabels, hy i n thnh Store. Bn s c mt PivotTable y ht nh hnh trn.
141
Cho d y l mt bo co PivotTable rt chnh xc, nhng n khng phi l ci ti mu n. Trong trng hp ny, Store v Category ang nm chung trong mt hng, u l Row Labels; cn ti th mu n Category phi l mt ct ring, l Column Labels. Lm th no chuyn mt mc Row Labels thnh Column Lables? C hai cch: 1. Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, trong vng Row Labels, bn hy nhn vo nt mi tn bn cnh mc Category, v ch n lnh Move To Column Labels. 2. N u nh bn kho s dng chut, bn c th "nm" v "ko" ci mc Category ra khi vng Row Labels ri "th" n vo vng Column Labels. Sau khi lm xong mt trong 2 cch trn, bn s thy PivotTable gi ng nh sau:
142
So snh vi bng d liu ban u, PivotTable d c hn nhiu. Nhn vo bng bo co ny, chng ta c th so snh s lng u phim ca tng th loi video gia cc ca hng vi nhau (xem theo ct), hoc so snh s u phim gia cc th loi video ca mt ca hng vi nhau (xem theo hng). Nhn vo PivotTable, bn c th tr li ngay ca hng no c nhiu phim hnh ng nht, phi khng? Bn c thy rng: vic di chuyn mt Field t Row Labels sang Column Labels, lm cho PivotTable dng nh l xoay bng d liu t d c thnh ngang. Ch "xoay", trong ti ng Anh, l "pivot". Vy bn hiu PivotTable l g ri ch? N u nh t ny gi, bn va c bi ny, va t th c hnh, th bn hy lu li bng tnh. Chng ta s s dng PivotTable va to ra ny cho bi sau: To mt biu xoay (PivotChart). Hn gp li. 1.3. To mt PivotChart Mt PivotChart chng c g khc hn l mt biu Excel, c to ra t d liu ca mt PivotTable. Tht ra th cng c mt vi tnh nng m bn khng tm thy nhng biu
143
bnh thng. Tuy nhin, phn ln th mt PivotChart cng gi ng nh bt k mt biu no trong Excel, nhng thao tc vi cc biu , hoc vic nh dng cho n, chng c g khc. N u bn bi t chc rng bn s cn n mt PivotChart, bn c th to ra PivotTable v PivotChart cng mt ln. Thay v nhn vo nt PivotTable trong nhm Insert trn thanh Ribbon (nh ti trnh by bi 1), bn hy nhn vo ci mi tn nh di ci nt , v ch n lnh PivotChart. Ri th bn cng s gp hp thoi to mt PivotTable nh nhng bi trn, nhng khi to xong PivotTable, th Excel cng s t ng to lun mt PivotChart i km theo. By gi chng ta s h c cch to ra mt PivotChart t PivotTable m bn th c hnh bi s 2, bi ton v cc ca hng bn video. Bn ln lt theo cc bc sau: 1. Chc chn rng bn ang kch hot PivotTable. N u nh khng mu n thy ci hp thoi PivotTable Field List, bn c th tt n i. Hp thoi ny c th bt tt bt c lc no bng ci nt ny (trong nhm PivotTable|Options trn thanh Ribbon):
2. Nhn nt PivotChart trong nhm PivotTable|Options trn thanh Ribbon. Excel s hin th hp thoi Insert Chart, nh hnh sau:
144
3. Ch n Column trong danh sch Templates bn tri, ri nhn vo biu tng th hai (stacked column) hng u tin trong khung bn tay phi. 4. Nhn OK to biu . Bn s c mt biu nh hnh sau. Mi ca hng (Store) c i din bi mt "bar" trong biu , v trong mi "bar" ny cha s lng th loi phim (Category) c trong ca hng , c phn bit bi cc mu khc nhau.
145
Khi bn nhn vo biu , tc l bn kch hot PivotTable, Excel s hin th hp thoi PivotChart Filter Pane nh bn thy hnh trn. Bn c th dng Axis Fields v Legend Fields trong hp thoi ny l c cc d liu, iu chnh PivotChart hin th hay khng hin th biu ca mt loi d liu no . Bt k vic l c d liu no bn th c hin trong hp thoi ny, cng s c p dng trong PivotTable, v biu s t ng v li theo nhng thay i trong PivotTable. V d, ti nhn vo Axis Fields, v ch ch n hai ca hng: Clarkville, WestEnd. Biu s t ng v li nh sau:
146
4.2.2 Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable Chng ta c th s dng nhiu loi d liu lm ngun cho mt PivotTable:

S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong cng mt Workbook S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong mt Workbook khc S dng d liu k t hp t nhiu ngun khc nhau nhng c cu trc gi ng nhau (consolidate ranges)
S dng d liu t mt bo co PivotTable khc
Nhng bi sau y s ln lt im qua tng loi d liu ny. 2.1. S dng d liu ca cng mt bng tnh Excel C l cch d nht v cng c nhiu ngi s dng nht l s dng d liu ca mt bng tnh Excel lm ngun cho PivotTable. D liu ny c th nm trong cng mt bng tnh, nh c trnh by bi 1.
147
M i vic s tr nn rt n gin khi bn to mt PivotTable trong cng bng tnh cha d liu ngun. D liu ny phi c thi t k theo dng mt List (trong Excel 2003), mt Table (Excel 2010), vi nhng yu cu sau:

Hng u tin cha tn cc Field (ho c tn ca cc ct) Hng th hai v nhng hng ti p theo cha d liu Khng c hng b tr ng, nhng c th c nhng tr ng
tm hiu k hn v cu trc ca mt Table, bn c th tham kho bi "Phn tch d liu vi cc Table". N u c mt nm u trong vng d liu ngun ny c ch n khi bn m hp thoi Create PivotTable, Excel s t ng xc nh a ch ca ton b vng d liu v nhp n vo trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi. N u bn mu n xc nh chnh xc a ch ca vng d liu ngun, bn c th ch n mt trong 3 cch sau: 1. Ch n mt trong vng d liu trc khi m hp thoi. a ch ca vng d liu s c nhp vo t ng 2. Nhp tr c ti p a ch ca vng d liu trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi 3. S dng nt Select trong hp thoi ch n vng d liu
C mt cch rt hay v rt nn lm ch cho Excel bi t vng d liu nm u, l to mt ci tn (Name) cho vng d liu. S dng Name th tin li hn vic nhp a ch hoc ch n vng d liu m i khi bn mu n tham chi u n chng. tm hiu thm v Name cho vng d liu, xin c bi: "S dng tn cho dy".
148
Tuy nhin, n u bn s dng mt Table ca Excel 2010 lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable, th bn kh i cn quan tm n Name, bi chnh bn thn Table c sn mt ci tn, khi bn to n. V khi c Name ca d liu ngun, bn ch vic nhp tr c ti p ci tn ny vo trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi Create PivotTable. V d, hnh sau y, d liu ngun ca PivotTable l mt dy c tn l SalesData:
2.2. S dng d liu ngun t mt bng tnh Excel khc N u d liu m bn s dng trong PivotTable nm tron mt bng tnh khc, cc bc th to PivotTable hi khc mt t. Bn s phi xc nh dy (a ch) cha d liu ngun, v tn ca workbook cha d liu ngun. Cch d nht th c hin vic ny, l m ng thi hai bng tnh. Mt ci s cha PivotTable, mt ci cha d liu ngun. Ri lm theo cc bc sau: 1. Ch n (kch hot) workbook s to PivotTable. 2. Nhn nt PivotTable trong tab Insert ca Ribbon m hp thoi Create PivotTable. 3. Hy chc chn rng ty ch n Select a Table or Range ang c ch n. 4. Nhn nt Select nm pha bn phi ca khung Table/Range, mt hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh" nh sau y s xut hin:
149
5. Nhn Alt+Tab hoc nhn vo workbook cha d liu ngun kch hot n. Bn s vn thy ci hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh". 6. Ch n dy cha d liu ngun cho PivotTable. a ch ca n, bao gm c tn ca workbook, s t ng nhp vo trong hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh":
7. Nhn vo nt Select trn ca s Create PivotTable "nh" chp nhn vng ch n v ng n li, quay v hp thoi Create PivotTable "ln". 8. Nhn OK quay v bng tnh vi PivotTable va to. Khi mt PivotTable c "link" ti mt bng tnh bn ngoi, bn ch c th cp nht (update) PivotTable n u ng link ny ti bng tnh ngun cn tn ti. Khi bng tnh cha d liu ngun b i tn, b di i ch khc, hoc b xa, bn s khng th cp nht PivotTable. Excel s hin th mt thng bo li n u bn c lm vic . C th bn thc mc l ti sao c nhiu ngi khng lm mt PivotTable trong cng mt bng tnh, m li lm PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc? Vic ny, tht ra rt hu ch, nht l i vi nhng d liu khng l, cng knh. C l bn bi t nhng bng tnh cha mt bng d liu ln th chy chm nh th no. Khi t PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc, bn vn c th c c nhng th ng k, m khng cn thi t phi m d liu ngun ra. Hoc khi bn mu n th ng k d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau, bn c th to mt workbook trung gian, cha nhiu PivotTable, m mi PivotTable th "link" n mt d liu ngun ring. C mt iu bn cn nn bi t, l bn thn PivotTalbe khng bao gi t "refresh" d liu, ngha l n khng th t ng cp nht khi d liu ngun thay i, bt k d liu ngun nm trong cng mt workbook vi PivotTable hay nm trong mt worbook khc. Vic tnh ton li bng tnh (recalculated) cng khng cp nht li d liu cho PivotTable. Bn phi th c hin chuyn "refresh" bng tay. Bng hai cch:

Nhn chut phi vo PivotTable v ch n lnh Refresh Data Nhn vo nt Refresh nm trong tab PivotTable|Option trn Ribbon (bn ch thy tab ny khi bn kch hot PivotTable).
150
2.3. S dng nhiu dy d liu c cng cu trc (Multiple Consolidation Ranges) Thut ng "Multiple Consolidation Ranges" (nhiu dy d liu c cng cu trc), tht ra khng phc tp nh ci tn ca n. Tt c ch n gin l to mt PivotTable d a trn hai hoc nhiu bng d liu (l Table, hay l List trong cc version trc). Nhng ngun d liu ny c th nm trong cng mt bng tnh, hoc nm trong nhng bng tnh khc nhau. Nhng, chc nng Create PivotTable ca Excel 2010 m chng ta lm quen t u n gi, li khng h tr Multiple Consolidate Ranges, v khng c ty ch n ny. s dng c Multiple Consolidation Ranges, chng ta phi cu vin n chc nng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard, mt chc nng c trong nhng version trc ca Excel. Trong Excel 2010, chc nng ny vn cn, nhng b n i. g i n ra, bn phi s dng nhng phm tt dng g i PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard trong Excel 2003, l: Alt+D+P. N u nh bn thuc tt c cc phm tt g i lnh trn menu ca Excel 2003, th bn c th s dng chng trong Excel 2010, cho d Ribbon ca Excel 2010 th chng gi ng g Menu Bar ca Excel 2003. s dng c Multiple Consolidation Ranges, bt buc mi danh sch m bn mu n dng lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable phi c cng cu trc, c ngha l tt c nhng tiu ct (nm trn hng u tin) v tiu dng (nm trong ct u tin bn tri) phi gi ng ht nhau. N u nh c mt hng no, hoc ct no nm ring l, th chng s khng c tch hp vo trong bo co PivotTable. y l mt v d v cc ngun d liu c th s dng vi chc nng Multiple Consolidation Ranges:
151
khi ng "Wizard", bn hy nhn Alt+D ri nhn thm phm P. V ti Step 1, nhn vo ty ch n Multiple Consolidation Ranges:
Sau khi nhn Next sang Step 2a, bn s c 2 ty ch n:
Create a single page field for me Excel t ng to ra mt Page Field n, vi mi vng d liu ngun l mt mc (item) trong Page Field . Page Field c th tm hiu nh l chc nng l c "cp 1" ca PivotTable. Trong ca s PivotTable Field Lists, Page Field chnh l nhng mc nm trong khung Report Filter. N u khng c, xem nh Page Field = All (xem tt c cc d liu).
I will create the page fields Dng ty ch n ny t to cc Page Field ca ring bn. Bn c th to t i a l 4 Page Field, mi Page Field l c ra mt thnh phn no ca cc d liu.
2.3.1. To mt trang tng hp duy nht vi chc nng Create a single page field for me Bn xem li bng tnh EmployeeData m ti va trnh by bi trc. Bn s thy c 3 danh sch, mi danh sch l mt phng n tuyn dng nhn vin c th cho cc b phn. V c 3 danh sch u c cng cu trc, cng nh tiu ca cc hng, ct ny l gi ng nhau. to mt PivotTable d a vo 3 danh sch ny, bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard theo cc bc ti trnh by bi trc, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du vo ty ch n Create a Single-Page Field, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc bc sau:
152
1. Nhn vo nt Select bn phi hp Range 2. Ch n dy A3:B9 trong bng tnh. 3. Nhn li vo nt Select a dy va ch n vo trong khung Range. Ghi ch: Nu bn b qua bc 1, m ch cn dng chut chn trc tip dy A3:B9 trong bng tnh, Excel s t hiu l bn nhn nt Select ri, nn cng s b qua lun bc 3 ny. Khi bn kt thc vic chn dy bng chut, Excel s a bn vo thng bc 4 sau y. 4. Nhn nt Add thm dy va ch n vo trong danh sch All Ranges. 5. Lp li bc 1 n bc 4 ch n v thm vo danh sch All Ranges hai dy D3:D9 v G3:G9. Ti y, mn hnh ca bn s gi ng nh sau:
6. Nhn Next sang Step 3. 7. Ti y, bn c th ch n New Worksheet to PivotTable trong mt Sheet mi, hoc ch n Existing worksheet v nhn chut vo ni bn mu n to PivotTable ngay trong bng tnh ny. 8. Click Finish. Bn s c mt PivotTable nh sau:
153
Trong PivotTable ny, nhn Column Labels c mt mi tn x xu ng, bn c th dng n l c ra ct mu n xem. Trong trng hp ny, do cc d liu ngun ch c mt ct (Employees), nn nt ny khng cn dng n, nhng n u cc d liu ngun ca bn c nhiu ct, bn s cn dng n n. Nhn Row Labels cng c mt mi tn x xu ng, dng l c ra nhng hng mu n xem. Nhng nt x xu ng ny l im c trng m bn c th thy trong tt c cc PivotTable. Cn nt x xu ng ca nhn Page1 th c g c bit? N cho php bn l c ra d liu ngun no mu n xem, nh bn thy hnh sau y, khi nhn vo n. Cc mc Item1, Item2 v Item3 tham chi u n 3 d liu ngun m bn dng lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable. Bn c th ch n tng hp d liu theo tt c cc ngun (All), hoc ch 1 ngun no . N u mu n tng hp nhiu hn 1 ngun d liu, bn phi nhn vo ty ch n Select Multiple Items.
154
Bn hy th s dng cc nt x xu ng bn cnh cc nhn, xem chng lm vic nh th no. L c l mt trong chc nng quan tr ng nht ca mt PivotTable, bn cn hiu r cch l c ca mt PivotTable, c th d dng ti p cn vi nhng chc nng cao cp hn. Trong PivotTable m chng ta th c hnh trong bi ny, c ct Grand Total, l mt mc nh ca PivotTable. Tuy nhin, bi v cc d liu ngun ca chng ta ch c 1 ct, nn khng cn thi t n ct Grand Total, ti s ni v cch b ci ct ny i trong bi sau. 2.3.2. To mt PivotTable c nhiu trang tng hp t nhng d liu ngun c cng cu trc Trong cng vic hng ngy, nht l khi phi thng xuyn tng hp nhng d liu kiu nh: Bo co doanh thu qu I, Bo co doanh thu qu II, Bo co doanh thu qu III, v.v..., bn nn s dng PivotTable, vi ty ch n th 2 khi ang trong Step 2a ca PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard: I will create the page fields. Ty ch n ny rt thch hp khi tng hp t nhiu ngun d liu c cng cu trc, m nhng ngun d liu c cng tiu , ch khc vi con s dng tng hp (theo qu, theo nm, theo thng...), chng hn nh bng tnh ny:
155
y l 4 bng tng hp s h c sinh t yu cu theo tng mn, v theo tng h c k trong hai nm h c 2005, 2006; c 4 u c chung tiu Year ... Semester .... Chng ta hy th. Bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard theo cc bc ti trnh by bi 2.3, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du vo ty ch n I will create the page fields, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc bc sau: 1. Nhp kh i d liu ngun th nht (A2:B8) vo trong khung Range 2. Nhn nt Add thm n vo trong danh sch All Ranges 3. Lp li hai bc trn ba ln, thm 3 kh i d liu cn l i (D2:D8, A11:B17, v D11:E17) vo trong danh sch All Ranges. Ti thi im ny, mn hnh ca bn s gi ng nh hnh sau:
156
4. Nhn vo ty ch n 2 phn How many page fields do you want? 5. Bn s thy phn ang m m di cng ca hp thoi PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard m ra 2 ci: Field one v Field two (bn ch c th c t i a 4 trang tng hp). 6. Ti y, hy tm dng mt cht vch ra mt vi tng cho vic th ng k d liu. Bn cn c bao nhiu trang tng hp? Hay ni cch khc, bn cn th ng k d liu theo my tiu ch? Hy nhn vo tiu ca 4 d liu ngun. chng ta c hai nm h c: 2005 v 2006, v hai h c k (semester): h c k 1 v h c k 2. Vy, tng hay nht, c l l th ng k theo nm l c ra d liu ca tng nm, hoc c 2 nm; v ng thi cng th ng k theo tng h c k, l c ra d liu ca tng h c k hoc c 2 h c k. Nh vy, chng ta cn c hai trang tng hp, l l do ti sao bc 4 trn y, ti ni bn nhn vo ty ch n 2. Mi bn ti p tc: 7. Trong danh sch All Ranges, ch n dy u tin: A2:B8, dy ny l s liu ca h c k 1 nm 2002. 8. Nhp Year 2002 vo trong Field one.
157
9. Nhp Semester 1 vo trong Field two. 10. Ch n ti p dy th hai: D2:E8, dy ny l s liu ca h c k 1 nm 2003. 11. Nhp Year 2003 vo trong Field one. 12. Bi v trong Field two c sn Semester 1, nn thay v nhp, bn c th ch n n t nt mi tn x xu ng. 13. Ch n dy th ba: A11:B17, dy ny l s liu ca h c k 2 nm 2002. 14. Ch n Year 2002 t nt mi tn x xu ng cho Field one. 15. Nhp Semester 2 vo trong Field two.
16. Ch n dy cu i cng: D11:E17, ch n Year 2003 cho Field one v Semester 2 cho Field two t cc nt mi tn x xu ng. Nhn Next hon tt PivotTable v t n trong cng Sheet hay trong mt Sheet khc, ty bn. Thnh qu ca chng ta gi ng nh sau, l mt PivotTable tng hp tt c s h c sinh t yu cu ca c hai nm h c 2002 v 2003, th ng k chi ti t theo tng mn h c:
158
N u bn nhn nhn Page 1, bn s c hai l a ch n: Year 2002 v Year 2003; cng vy, khi nhn nhn Page 2, bn s c hai l a ch n: Semester 1 v Semester 2. Bi v trong PivotTable ny ch c 1 ct, nn bn c th b ci Grand Total i bng cch: nhn phi chut vo ngay nhn Grand Total, v ch n Remove Grand Total t menu m ra.
2.4. To mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt bo co PivotTable c
159
L a ch n cu i cng cho vic to mt PivotTable l d a vo mt PivotTable hoc mt PivotChart c. Ni cch khc, ta s dng Summary Data ca mt PivotTable c lm Raw Data cho bo co th hai. C hai cch to mt PivotTable l d a vo mt PivotTable c:
N u bn s dng Excel 2010, bn ch vic g i lnh to mt PivotTable nh vn thng lm, v ch n mt PivotTable c sn lm d liu ngun cho n.
N u bn s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard, nh du vo ty ch n Another PivotTable or PivotChart Report bc 1 (ty ch n ny ch xut hin khi bng tnh ca bn c cha t nht mt PivotTable). Sau khi bn nhn Next, bn s thy mt danh sch cc PivotTable hoc PivotChart ang c, ri bn ch n mt ci lm d liu ngun.
Ti sao li s dng mt PivotTable c lm d liu ngun cho mt PivotTable khc? Trong nhiu trng hp, t nht l lc ban u, bn PivotTable th hai s c cng mt d liu ngun vi bn PivotTable th nht. Nhng vi vic nh dng cho bn PivotTable th hai, bn s to ra c hai cch xem cho cng mt d liu ngun, rt hu dng cho mt s gii php x l d liu. V d, bn c mt PivotTable tng hp d liu, nhng c l vn cn mt t rc r i (v d liu c nhiu vn cn x l). Bng cch to thm mt PivotTable na d a vo PivotTable c, bn s c c mt ci nhn c th hn, d xem hn v d liu ngun. Thm na, vic to mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt PivotTable c, s t chi m dng b nh h th ng hn l to 2 PivotTable t mt d liu ngun. Thi t ngh y cng l mt vn cn cn nhc khi chng ta phi x l nhng d liu ln. 4.2.3 S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable Excel c mt s cng c c thi t k c bit cho cc bo co PivotTable. Bn s thy nhng cng c ny trn Ribbon Options v Design, xut hin khi c mt PivotTable c kch hot.
160
Khi kch hot mt PivotTable, bn s thy c thm Ribbon Options v Design 3.1. Tm hiu PivotTable Field List C l cng c m bn s phi ng n thng xuyn nht khi lm vic vi PivotTable l Field List. Bn dng Field List ch ra loi d liu no s c a vo bo co PivotTable, v sp x p chng trong bo co. Khi bn va ra lnh to mi mt PivotTable, bn s c mt bo co rng. Khi , PivotTable Field List hin th tt c nhng Field c trong d liu ngun. y l mt v d:
Mt PivotTable mi tinh, pha bn phi l PivotTable Field List, cha c field no c ch n thm mt field no vo trong bo co PivotTable, bn ch cn nh du vo hp kim ngay bn cnh tn field. Excel s thm field vo mt trong 4 vng nm phn di ca PivotTable Field List.
161
B n vng ny l: 1. Report Filter: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng l c ton b d liu ngun. Ni cch khc, PivotTable ch hin th nhng d liu no tha mn iu kin ca Report Filter. 2. Columns Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng lm tiu ct cho bo co PivotTable. 3. Row Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng lm tiu hng cho bo co PivotTable. 4. Values: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny s c tnh tng theo mc nh v hin th trn vng ni dung chnh (main body) ca PivotTable, ni cch khc, y chnh l nhng th ng k t d liu ngun, m bn mu n c khi s dng PivotTable. Khi bn nh du kim vo mt field no , lm sao Excel bi t bn mu n em field vo vng no ? n gin thi: N u field ch cha nhng d liu l s , th n s c em vo trong vng Values, cn n u field c cha nhng loi d liu khc (text, ngy thng...) th n s c em vo trong vng Row Labels. Tuy nhin, vic Excel em field vo trong vng no th khng quan tr ng. Bi v bn c th di chuyn cc field t vng ny sang vng khc, n u thy cn thi t. Xem v d sau y, minh h a mt PivotTable cng vi Field List ca n. Bn s bi t cch to ra PivotTable ny trong bi sau. Cn by gi, hy lt qua cc vng m ti nh s trong hnh, tng ng vi 4 vng ca Field List m ti va trnh by trn. 1. Region c t trong vng Report Filter, v n nm trong vng Filter ca bo co ( trn cao, gc tri), c chc nng l c ton b d liu ngun. 2. Date c t trong vng Row Labels, v n l cc tiu hng ca bo co PivotTable. 3. Store c t trong vng Column Labels, v n l cc tiu ct ca bo co PivotTable. 4. Camping (chnh xc hn, l Sum of Camping) c t trong vng Values, v n l cc d liu c l c ra trong bo co PivotTable.
162
Bi ti p theo s trnh by cch s dng Field List sp x p cch trnh by mt PivotTable theo nh bn mu n.
..............
163
PivotTable Field List, vi cc field c thm vo trong 4 vng bn di 3.2. S dng PivotTable Field List bi trc, bn bi t rng khi a mt Field vo trong mt vng ca Field List, th n s nm u trong PivotTable, hay ni cch khc, vic a Field vo mt trong b n vng ca Field List s nh hng th no n cu trc ca PivotTable. Bi ny s trnh by cho bn thay i cu trc bng cch s dng Field List. Trc h t, mi bn m file SportingGoodsRawData.xlsx ( cu i bi ny). Yu cu t ra l th ng k lng hng phc v cho d ngoi (Camping) bn c theo ca hng (Store) v theo ngy (Date) ca tng vng (Region). Bn theo cc bc sau: 1. Nhn con tr vo bt k no trong vng d liu. 2. Nhn nt PivotTable t Ribbon Insert m hp thoi Create PivotTable. 3. Nhn OK. Excel s to mt PivotTable "rng" nh hnh sau:
Hnh 3.4. PivotTable, lc ban u
164
4. Trong Field List, ch n (click vo hp kim ngay bn tri) cc Field Store, Region, Camping, v Date. Ti lc ny, bng tnh ca bn s gi ng hnh 3.5.
PivotTable vi cu trc theo mc nh, cha chnh sa Bn thy y. Field Camping v Store u c t trong vng Values, bi Excel thy chng cha ton cc d liu kiu s . Field Region v Date c em vo trong vng Row Labels bi chng c cha nhng d liu kiu ngy thng v text. D nhin, cu trc ny ca PivotTable khng phi l th chng ta cn, chnh xc hn, v c bn th n ch c ch li g, bi v mc ch ca chng ta l th ng k lng hng phc v cho d ngoi (Camping) bn c theo ca hng (Store) v theo ngy (Date) ca tng vng (Region). Tt c nhng g cn lm t c mc ch, l sp x p li cc field trong cc vng ca Field List.
165
Bn c th di chuyn mt field sang vng khc bng hai cch:

Click vo field mu n di chuyn v r (drag) n vo trong vng khc. Nhn vo nt mi tn x xu ng bn cnh tn field ( trong mt vng no ), ri ch n lnh Move to XXXX (vi XXXX l tn ca vng bn mu n di field ny n).
Dng nt mi tn x xu ng di field Region vo vng Report Filter V th c hin nhng vic sau:

Di field Region vo vng Report Filter Di field Store (ang mang tn l Sum of Store) vo vng Column Labels
PivotTable ca bn lc ny s gi ng nh hnh sau:
166
PivotTable sau khi c chnh sa Cu i cng, bn hy nh dng cho gi tr trong PivotTable theo dng tin t:

Nhn vo nt mi tn x xu ng cnh field Sum of Camping trong vng Values Ch n Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra, m hp thoi Value Field Settings.
167
Ch n Value Field Setting cho field Sum of Camping
Nhn vo nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells quen thuc.
168
Nhn nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells
Ch n loi nh dng Currency (tin t), ri nhn OK hai ln tr v PivotTable.
PivotTable ca bn cu i cng s gi ng nh sau, v cng l tt c nhng g chng ta mu n.
PivotTable hon chnh theo yu cu

169
3.3. Thit lp cc ty chn cho PivotTable Field List Hp thoi Field List s t ng hin ra mi khi bn nhn chut vo bt k ch no trong PivotTable, ngha l khi PivotTable c kch hot th hp thoi Field List s t ng m ra. Tuy nhin, bn c th ng hp thoi Field List bng cch nhn vo nt Field List trn Ribbon Options (v nhn vo mt ln na m n ra li).
Nhn vo nt ny ng hoc m hp thoi Field List Cng gi ng nh m i hp thoi khc, bn c th di chuyn Field List ti bt k ni no bn thch bng cch nhn vng tiu ca hp thoi v r chut i, hoc thu nh n li hay m rng n ra bng cch nhn v ko cc cnh bin. Bnh thng, hp thoi Field List hin th danh sch cc Field pha trn, v sp x p 4 vng d liu s hin th trong PivotTable bn di. Bn c th thay i s sp x p ny bng cch nhn vo ci nt nm pha trn bn phi ca hp thoi Field List, v ch n 1 trong 5 kiu hin th t menu m ra:
170
Ch n cc kiu hin th khc cho hp thoi Field List Hp thoi Field List cn c mt ty ch n na, nm gc di bn tri: Defer Layout Update, gip bn tm ngng vic t ng cp nht d liu trong PivotTable.
171
Nhn vo nt ny tm thi ngng chc nng t ng cp nht cho PivotTable Bnh thng, ty ch n ny khng c bt. Bt k nhng thay i no ca bn trong hp thoi Field List (di chuyn, thm, xa cc field, thi t lp nh dng s cho mt field no , v.v...) s c cp nht ngay tc khc trong PivotTable. N u bn c mt PivotTable ln, phc tp, nht l khi PivotTable s dng ngun d liu t bn ngoi Excel, vic t ng cp nht ny s din ra kh chm chp v mt thi gian. Bn c th bt ty ch n Defer Layout Update tm ngng vic t ng cp nht, v sau khi hi lng vi cch b tr cc Field vo cc vng d liu, bn nhn nt Update tt c nhng thay i ca bn c cp nht cng mt lc. Chng 5: Th Trong Excel 5.1 Gii thiu th th gip trnh by cc s liu kh khan bng vic v thnh cc hnh nh tr c quan, d hiu. th c lin k t vi d liu ca n trong bng tnh, do khi thay i d liu ca n
172
trong bng tnh th lp tc th s thay i tng ng theo. Trong Excel 2010 vic v th cha bao gi d dng v p nh by gi. Excel c rt nhiu kiu th khc nhau phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau ca rt nhiu loi i tng s dng bng tnh, chng ta s cng nhau khm ph th gii th ca Excel trong bi h c ny. th l mt i tng (object) ca Excel, i tng ny cha cc d liu v biu din thnh hnh nh vi mu sc v kiu dng rt phong ph. Nhn chung, Excel c 2 lo i th l th nm trong WorkSheet (cn g i l Embedded chart) v ChartSheet. chuyn i qua li gia 2 loi th ny ta lm nh sau: Ch n th Chart Tools Design Location Move Chart n Object in + Tn Sheet ( th nm trong Worksheet) hay ch n New sheet + Nhp tn ChartSheet vo.
Ch n ChartSheet hay E mbedded chart 5.2. V th Phn ny trnh by cc bc v th t mt bng s liu cho trc v mt s ty ch n ca th. K t qu nghin cu v s tha mn ca cc nhm khch hng phn theo tui c cho nh hnh bn di, n u chng ta dng k t qu ny bo co cng khng c vn g, tuy nhin bo co s sinh ng v thuy t phc hn n u chng ta bi n cc con s ny thnh th c nhn thy mt cch tr c quan hn.
173
Bng s liu nghin cu Hy lm theo cc bc sau v th: B1. Ch n vng d liu A3:D9, ch n lun cc nhn ca cc ct. B2. Ch n kiu th t Ribbon Insert Charts. Mi nhm th bao gm nhiu kiu khc nhau, v d chng ta ch n nhm Column Clustered Column.
Ch n kiu th B3. Xong bc 2 l chng ta c ngay mt th dng ct nh hnh trn, tuy nhin chng ta c th i cc b tr ca cc thnh phn trn th. Chn th Chart Tools
174
Design Chart Layout trong Chart Layout.
n cch b tr thch hp. V d ta ch n kiu Layout 3
L a ch n layout B4. o cc chui s liu t dng thnh ct v ngc li: Chart Tools Design Data Switch Row/Column. Chng ta th c hin lnh ny khi cc th bc trn cha hin th ng nh mong mu n. V d chng ta mu n nhm cc nhm tui li d so snh gia cc thng vi nhau.
175
o dng/ ct B5. N u thy kiu th trn khng p, chng ta c th i sang kiu khc bng cch: Chart Tools Design Type Change Chart Type, hp thoi Insert Chart hin th lit k ton b cc kiu th hin c ca Excel tha h cho bn l a ch n.
Hp thoi Insert Chart v ch n kiu th khc

176
B6. Ngoi ra, n u bn thy tng mu ca th cha p th vo ch n Chart Tools Design Chart Styles n More ( ).
Ch n Chart Style
177
5.3. Cc thao tc trn th a. Nhn bit cc thnh phn trn th Cc thnh phn thng dng
1. Chart Title 2. Chart Area 3. Plot Area 4. Data Label 5. Legend 6. Horizontal Gridlines Mt s thnh phn ch c trong th 3-D o
7. Horizontal Axis 8. Data Table 9. Horizontal Axis itle 10. Vertical Gridlines 11. Vertical Axis 12. Vertical Axis Title
Back wall: Mu/ hnh hn pha sau th
o Side wall: Mu/ hnh nn cc cnh bn ca th

178
o Floor: Mu/ hnh nn bn di th o Column depth: su ca cc thnh phn biu din chui s liu di dng 3 -D. b. Cc thao tc vi th Chn thnh phn trn th o Cch d nht l dng chut nhp ln thnh phn cn ch n, thnh phn c ch n s c 4 hoc 8 nt xut hin bao quanh. Khi th c ch n, chng ta c th dng cc phm mi tn di chuyn n cc thnh phn trong th. o Ngoi ra, bn c th ch n cc thnh phn ti Chart Tools Format Current Selection
Ch n thnh phn trn th Di chuyn th th l Embedded Chart, nhp tri chut ln th vng Chart Area ch n th di chuyn, khi u con tr chut c thm k hiu mi tn 4 chiu (xem hnh di). Gi tri chut v di chuyn th n ni khc. Thay i kch thc th th l Embedded Chart, hp tri chut ln th vng Chart Area ch n th cn thay i kch thc, khi xung quanh th xut hin 8 nt nm.
179
Di chuyn chut vo cc nt ny, gi tri chut v ko hng v tm th thu nh v hng ra ngoi phng to. Sao chp th Ch n th, dng t hp phm <Ctrl+C> chp th vo b nh, ri di chuyn n mt no trong bng tnh v nhn <Ctrl+V> dn th vo. Xa th Ch n th sau nhn phm Delete xa th. xa Chart Sheet, trc tin hy ch n Chart Sheet, sau nhp phi chut v ch n Delete t th c n ng cnh hin ra. Thm cc thnh phn ca th Ch n th ng li, Sp xp v xa cc thnh phn ca th Mt s thnh phn trong th c th di chuyn c nh t a , ch thch, nhn. Mu n di chuyn thnh phn no trc tin hy dng chut ch n n, sau nhp v gi tri ti cnh ca thnh phn v ko n v tr mi trong th. Ngoi ra c th vo Chart Tools Layout ch n t cc danh sch thi t k sn. xa thnh phn no, bn ch cn dng chut ch n thnh phn v nhn phm Delete. Chart Tools Design Chart Layouts S dng cc nhm lnh
to cc thnh phn tng ng trn th c thi t k sn nh t a , ch thch, cc nhn,
Cc thnh phn trn th In th In th cng gi ng nh in cc i tng khc ca Excel lu Print Preview trc khi in m bo trang in c tr n vn ni dung. N u bn mu n in th thnh mt trang ring th hy ch n th v nhp nt Print in, khi Excel ch ra lnh in th m bn ang ch n.
180
c. Hiu chnh v nh dng th Vic hiu chnh v nh dng cc thnh phn trn th ta c th dng Ribbon hay dng cc hp thoi. Cch d th c hin nht l nhp phi chut ln thnh phn cn nh dng v ch n Format hay nhn <Ctrl+1>. Sau y l minh h a hiu chnh v nh dng mt s thnh phn ca th. Hiu chnh Chart Area Chng ta c th hiu chnh mu sc, hiu ng, ng k, khung, bng cho Chart Area bnh cch: ch n Chart Area Format Chart Area
nh dng Chart Area Ngoi ra bn c th vo Ribbon Chart Tools Format nhm Shape Styles c cung
181
cp rt nhiu mu nh dng d ng sn rt p. Ghi ch: Fill: Nhm lnh lin quan n t nn cho thnh phn ang ch n Border Color: Nhm lnh lin quan n k khung v mu sc ca thnh phn ang ch n Border Styles: Cc kiu ng kt k khung ca thnh phn ang ch n. Shadow: Lin quan n vic bng cho thnh phn ang ch n 3-D Format: To hiu ng 3-D cho thnh phn ang ch n.
nh dng bng Ribbon Hiu chnh Flot Area Ch n Plot Area Chart Tools Format Shape Styles ch n kiu nh dng Mu n phng to/ thu nh Plot Area Nhp chut tri vo cc nt bao quan Plot Area v ko hng v Plot Area thu nh v hng ra ngoi Plot Area phng to. Hiu chnh tiu th ch thch tiu trc honh v trc tung Ty theo kiu th ang x l m E xcel cho php bn hiu chnh cc loi tiu ca kiu th .
182
thm tiu chnh cho th vo: Chart Tools Layout Labels Chart Title l a ch n kiu t danh sch thm tiu cho trc honh (hay trc tung) vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Axis Titles l a ch n kiu t danh sch thm ch thch vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Legend t danh sch thm nhn d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Labels l a ch n kiu t danh sch thm bng d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Table l a ch n kiu t danh sch. Ngoi ra chng ta c th chn cc Text Box vo th Chart Tools Layout Insert Text Box. kiu
Hiu chnh ch thch cho th t hp thoi Data Source

183
Hiu chnh ng li ngang v dc Mu n thm hay b ng li trc tin bn ch n Plot Area, ri vo Chart Tools Layout Axes Gridlines ch n kiu ph hp t danh sch. hiu chnh mu sc, kiu ca ng li no th ch n n v vo Chart Tools Format Shape Style ch n kiu v mu sc theo nhu cu. Hiu chnh cc trc Mu n hiu chnh thng s cho trc trn th th bn hy ch n trc thoi Format Axis. Format Axis Sau y l gii thch cc thng s trong hp
Hp thoi Format Axis ty theo gi tr ca trc m bn ch n Value Axis
184
Hu h t cc th trnh by gi tr trn trc tung v phn nhm trn trc honh. Cc bn nn ch n th bi t r hn cng dng ca cc ty ch n. Minimum Xc nh gi tr nh nht trn trc (gi tr khi u) o Auto Excel t xc nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc Maximum Xc nh gi tr ln nht trn trc (gi tr k t thc) o Auto Excel t xc nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc Major unit Xc nh gi tr cc khong chia chnh trn trc. o Auto Excel t xc nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc Minor unit Xc nh gi tr cc khong chia ph trn trc. o Auto Excel t xc nh o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc Values in reverse order o th t sp x p cc gi tr trn trc Logarithmic scale Chuyn cc gi tr trn trc sang h logarith vi c s do ta qui nh ti Base (khng th dng cho gi tr m hay bng 0) Display units Ch n n v hin th trn trc. Show display units label on chart Cho hin th cc nhn n v trn th Major tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch chnh trn th. o None Khng s dng o Inside Hin th pha bn trong trc o Outside Hin th pha bn ngoi trc o Cross Hin th ct ngang trc Minor tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch ph trn th.
185
Axis labels Xc nh cch hin th cc nhn trn trc o None Khng s dng o High Hin th pha bn phi trc o Low Hin th pha bn tri trc o Next to Axis Hin th k bn trc (theo mc nh) Horizontal axis crosses Cc l a ch n qui nh cch m trc tung ct trc honh ( i vi th 3-D chnh l ty ch n Floor crosses at) o Automatic Do Excel t xc nh. o Axis value Xc nh gi tr m cc trc s giao nhau o Maximum axis value Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn trc (tung) Category Axis Interval between tick marks Xc nh s th hin cc nhm theo khong chia (c bao nhiu nhm trong mt khong chia, thng l mt nhm). Interval between labels Xc nh s xut hin ca nhn theo khong chia o Automatic Excel t xc nh (thng l 1) o Specify interval unit Xc nh nhn s xut hin sau bao nhiu khong chia trn trc. Categories in reverse order Cc nhm th hin theo th t ngc li Label distance from axis Xc nh khong cch ca nhn so vi trc Axis Type Xc nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis Major tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch chnh trn th. Minor tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch ph trn th. Axis labels Xc nh cch hin th cc nhn trn trc Vertical axis crosses Cc l a ch n qui nh cch m trc tung ct trc tung o Automatic Do Excel t xc nh. o At category number Xc nh s nhm m ti cc trc s giao nhau
186
o At maximum category Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn trc Position Axis Qui nh cch hin th ca cc nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng cho th 2 -D area, column, v line). o On tick marks Hin ngay k hiu phn cch o Between tick marks Hin gia cc k hiu phn cch Time Scale Axis Minimum Xc nh gi tr (ngy) nh nht trn trc (ngy bt u) Maximum Xc nh gi tr (ngy) ln nht trn trc (ngy k t thc) Major unit Xc nh khong chia chnh trn trc (n v l ngy, thng hay nm) Minor unit Xc nh khong chia ph trn trc (n v l ngy, thng hay nm) Base Unit Xc nh n v tnh cho trc Dates in reverse order Hin th theo th t ngc li trn trc Axis Type Xc nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis Major tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch chnh trn th. Minor tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch ph trn th. Axis labels Xc nh cch hin th cc nhn trn trc Vertical Axis crosses Cc l a ch n qui nh cch trc tung giao vi trc honh o Between dates Do Excel t xc nh o At date Giao nhau ti ngy do bn nhp vo o At maximum date Giao nhau ti ngy ln nht (gn y nht) trn trc Position Axis Qui nh cch hin th ca cc nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng cho th 2 -D area, column, v line). o On tick marks Hin ngay k hiu phn cch o Between tick marks Hin gia cc k hiu phn cch
187
d. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th Xa bt mt chui s liu khi th Ch n chui s liu trn th (V d: ch n ng cung) Nhn phm Delete trn bn phm xt chui khi th
Minh h a xa chui ng cung khi th Thm chui mi vo th Ch n th cn thm chui mi vo. Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin. Nhp nt Add, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin t tn cho chui mi ti Series Name (bng tham chi u hoc nhp tr c ti p tn vo t bn phm) v ch n vng cha d liu ti Series Values Ngoi ra ta c th thm nhanh chui mi vo th bng cch chp ( Ctrl+C) d liu ca n vo b nh, sau ch n th v dn (Ctrl+V) vo th.
188
Minh h a thm chui d liu ca thng 3/2008 vo th Thay i chui s liu Cng vi v d trn nhng ta mu n ch v cho 2 sn phm Giy v Dp Ch n th cn chnh sa Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data Source xut hin. Ch n chui cn chnh sa, nhp nt Edit, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin Ch n li vng d liu mi ti Series Values. Lm tng t cho cc chui s liu khc.
189
Minh h a thay i chui s liu Ngoi ra chng ta c th s dng hm Series cho th. C php nh sau: = Series(series_name, category_labels, values, order, sizes) Trong : Series_name: (ty ch n) tham chi u n cha tn chui, bn c th nhp vn bn tr c ti p vo nh t trong cp nhy kp. Category_labels: (ty ch n) tham chi u n vng cha cc nhn cho cc nhm s liu trn trc, n u b tr ng Excel t nh s cc nhm bt u l s 1. C th nhp tr c ti p cc nhn vo Tab cch nhau bng du phy v t trong cp ngoc mc {}. Values: (bt buc) tham chi u n vng cha s liu ca cc chui cn v. Order: (bt buc) L s nguyn qui nh th t v ca cc chui (n u th c nhiu hn 1 chui) Sizes: (ch dng cho th bong bng Bubble chart) Tham chi u n vng cha d liu v kch thc ca bong bng trong th kiu Bubble (s dng trong phn tch ti chnh). Cc gi tr c th nhp tr c ti p Tab cch nhau bng du phy v t trong cp ngoc mc {}.
190
Minh h a hm Series ca chui s liu thng 3/2008 Thm ng xu hng vo th Khi v cc th vi d liu theo thi gian chng ta thng v thm ng xu hng bi t c xu hng trong tng lai ca tp d liu. Mt tp s liu c th c nhiu ng xu hng ty theo cch phn tch ca chng ta. thm ng xu hng bn vo: Chart Tools Layout Analysis Trendline ch n kiu ng xu hng t danh sch hay vo More Trendline Options
191
Minh h a thm ng xu hng vo th Chng 6: nh Dng Trang V In Bng Tnh 6.1. Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel Excel 2010 h tr mnh hn trong vic in n, vi nhiu ch xem tr c quan gip bn c th thy c k t qu in ngay trn mn hnh. C 3 ch hin th l Nornal View, Page Layout View v Page Break Preview. truy cp cc ch xem vo nhm View Workbook Views
Normal View: y l ch bn s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh nhp liu, tnh ton, trn bng tnh v l ch mc nh ca Excel.
192
Page Layout View: L ch xem trc khi in, trong ch ny bn vn c th tnh ton v nhp liu.
Page Break Preview: Hin th bng tnh Excel vi cc du phn trang, ti y bn c th chia li trang bng cch ko th cc ng chia cch trang.
6.2. Thit lp thng s cho trang in Tt c cc ty ch n thi t lp thng s trang in c ti nhm Page Layout Page
Setup (Margins: ty ch n l trang, Orientation: chiu trang ngang hay d c, Size: ty ch n kh giy, Print Area: ty ch n vng in, Breaks: ty ch n ngt trang, Background: chn hnh nn, Print Titles: ty ch n in tiu lp li trn mi trang,). Bn c th thi t lp cc thng s ti y hoc vo hp thoi Page Setup iu chnh. vo hp thoi Page Setup bn vo nhm Page Layout Page Setup
193
Chiu trang in (Orientation) 1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Orientation ch n Landscape (trang ngang) 2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup Portrait / Landscape Kh giy (Size) 1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Size 2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup Canh l giy (Margins) 1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Margins 2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup Margins Top (l trn), Page Page size Page Orientation Portrait (trang d c)/
Bottom (l di), Left (l tri), Right (l phi), Header (l tiu u trang), Footer (l tiu
194
chn trang). Ngoi ra cn c ty ch n canh gia: Horizontally (canh gia trang theo chiu ngang) v Vertically (canh gia trang theo chiu d c) Chn vng in (Set Print Area) Qut ch n vng cn in, vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Area Set Print Area. Ngt trang (Page Break) Chn ngt trang ngang: Di chuyn hin hnh n ni s chn ngt trang ti ct A, sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Insert Page Break. (N u khng ct A s ngt trang theo chiu ngang v d c) sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Remove Page Break. Reset All Page Breaks. Thm hnh nn (Background) Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Background my Insert hnh lu tr trn Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks
In tiu dng v ct (Row and column headers) Vo Ribbon Page Layout Sheet Options Headings In tiu ct v dng lp li cc trang B1. Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Title B2. Ti Rows to repeat at top ta qut ch n dng s 1 vo $1:$1 B3. Ti Columns to repeat at left ta qut ch n ct A $A:$A B4. Nhn OK hon tt. Print
195
Hnh minh h a ch n in lp li cc tiu dng 1 v ct A iu chnh t l phng to/ thu nh trang in Trong mt s trng hp ta cn in nn hay phng to ni dung vo mt s trang nht nh khi ta dng Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Scale. Ta c th thu nh ti liu n 10% v phng to ti 400%. Ngoi ra ta c th p Excel in ti liu ra vi s trang ta qui nh ti Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Width v Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Height. In ng li ca cc in ng li k cc trong bng tnh ta ch n Ribbon Page Layout Sheet Options Gridline Print. Thm thng tin vo u trang v chn trang (Header v Footer) Header cha cc thng tin xut hin u mi trang v Footer cha cc thng tin xut hin cu i mi trang. Cc phin bn trc ta dng ngn Hearder/ Footer trong hp thoi Page Setup
196
thm Header v Footer nhng phin bn ny lm bng mt cch khc d dng v tr c quan hn, c bit c th chn hnh vo. Vo Ribbon View Header v Footer vo. Lu bn phi nhp chut vo vng Header hoc Footer th nhm lnh Design mi hin ra. Page Layout
Cc nt lnh trong thanh Design Cc m lnh v nt lnh trong Header v Footer Nt lnh M lnh &[Page] &[Pages] &[Date] Chc nng Hin th s trang ti liu Hin th tng s trang c in Hin th ngy hin ti Hin th gi hin ti Hin th ng dn y n ni lu tp tin v Tn tp tin &[File] Hin th tn tp tin Hin th tn sheet Chn hnh l a ch n vo. Bn phi tm n hnh cn chn vo trong hp thoi Insert Picture, ch n hnh v nhn nt Insert. Khng c Thi t lp cc thng c cho hnh chn vo.
197
&[Time] &[Path]&[File]
&[Tab]
Khng c
Do Excel dng k hiu & bt u m lnh, do vy trong trng hp on vn bn trong Header v Footer cn dng k hiu & th bn hy nhp k hiu ny 2 l n &&. V d bn mu n nhp Cng thc & Hm vo Header th hy nhp Cng thc && Hm. Cc l a ch n khc ca Header v Footer: Different First Page: N u ch n th bn c th thi t lp thng tin khc vo header/ footer ca trang u tin so vi header/ footer ca cc trang cn li trong ti liu. Different Odd & Even Pages: N u ch n, th bn c th t header/ footer khc nhau cho cc trang chn v cc trang l. Scale With Document: N u ch n, kch thc ch ca header/ footer s tng gim theo ti liu khi ti liu s dng chc nng in c iu chnh t l phng to/ thu nh. Align With Page Margins: N u ch n, l tri v l phi ca header/ footer canh u vi l tri v l phi ca ti liu. 6.3. Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print g i hp thoi Print, bn ch n nt Office Dng hp thoi ny ch n my in, ch n trang cn in, ch n s lng bn sao v mt s ty ch n khc.
198
Selection: Ch in vng ang ch n trc nhn lnh Office Print Active sheet(s): Ch in sheet hin hnh hay cc sheet ang ch n. Entire workbook: In ton b workbook Table: Ch c tc dng khi hin hnh ang trong mt bng, n u ch n th ch in bng ny.
Ignore print areas: Khi ch n, Excel s b qua tt c cc thi t lp vng in th c hin.

199
6.4. Cc lu khc Ngn khng cho in mt s vng Trong mt s trng hp, d liu c cc thng tin nhy cm m bn khng mu n in ra. Khi Home Cells Format T mu ch gi ng vi mu nn ca cc . V hnh ln vng d liu nhy cm.
Ngn khng cho in cc i tng Mt s i tng trn bng tnh nh th, hnh v, SmartArt m bn khng mu n in th lm nh sau: B1. Nhp phi chut ln i tng v ch n Size and Properties. B2. Ch n ngn Properties trong hp thoi B3. B l a ch n ti Print Object. Chng 7: Lm Vic Vi Macro, Templates
7.1 Macro Macros l cc tnh nng cao cp c th lm tng tc chnh sa hay nh dng m bn c th thc hin thng xuyn trong mt bng tnh Excel. Chng ghi li nhng hnh ng m bn ch n menu cho mt chui cc hnh ng c th c hon thnh trong mt bc. Ghi mt Macro ghi mt Macro: Kch tab View trn vng Ribbon Kch Macros Kch Record Macro
200
Nhp tn cho Marco (khng cha du cch) Nhp mt phm tt Nhp vo mc Description gii thch hay m t
th c hin Macro: Kch Macro Kch Stop Recording
201
Thc thi Macro th c thi mt Macro t phm tt, ch cn n vo phm m bn ch n chy Macro. Hoc bn c th xem tt c cc Macro v th c thi bng cch: Kch Macros Kch View Macros Ch n mt Macro v kch Run
202
Chng 8: Phm Tt V Th Thut 8.1 Phm Tt a. Truy cp Ribbon bng bn phm Mi nhn qua giao din Excel chng ta c th tng rng phi s dng Ribbon bng chut khng th dng t hp <ALT+k t i din> v khng c cc k gch chn nh cc phin bn trc. Tuy nhin thanh Ribbon vn c th truy cp bng bn phm. Khi mu n truy cp n cc nhm lnh trn thanh Ribbon nh Home, Insert, ta nhn phm ALT mt ln (khng cn gi phm ALT). Cc k t i din cho cc nhm lnh s hin ln, bn ch cn nhn phm trn bn phm tng ng k t i din cn truy cp. Ngoi ra bn cng c th dng cc phm di chuyn trong thanh Ribbon.
bi t k t i din cho cc nt lnh, bn hy nhn nhn t hp phm <ALT + k t i din ca nhm lnh>. V d nhm lnh Page Layout (k t i din l P) <ALT+P>. Khi mu n th c hin mt lnh no trn thanh Ribbon th ta di chuyn () n lnh v nhn phm Enter hay dng <ALT + K t i din cho nt lnh>. Khi mu n tr li vng lm vic trn bng tnh, ta nhn phm ALT mt ln hoc nhn phm ESC. b. Phm tt
i lc con chut ca my tnh hi d chng v vic qung n i nhiu khi li l bin php hay nht. Nu gp trng hp nh th th danh sch phm tt di y tht s cn thit cho bn v cho c nhng ai cn con chut nhng mun thao tc nhanh hn:
Phm tt Enter
ngha Ci d liu vo , di chuyn xu ng di

203
ESC F4 hay Ctrl+Y Alt+Enter Backspace Delete Ctrl+Delete Phm mi tn Home Ctrl+D Ctrl+R Shift+Enter
B qua d liu ang thay i Lp li thao tc va lm Bt u dng mi trong Xa k t bn tri hoc vng ch n Xa k t bn phi hoc vng ch n Xo tt c ch trong mt dng Di chuyn ln xu ng hoc qua li mt k t Chuyn v u dng Chp d liu t trn xu ng di Chp d liu t bn tri qua phi Ghi d liu vo v di chuyn ln trn trong vng ch n
Tab
Ghi d liu vo vo di chyn qua phi vng ch n
Shift+Tab
Ghi d liu vo vo di chyn qua tri vng ch n
Phm tt = F2 Backspace
ngha Bt u mt cng thc Hiu chnh d liu trong Xo k t bn tri trong ang hiu chnh
204
Ctrl+F3 F3 F9
t tn cho vng ch n Dn mt tn t trong cng thc Cp nht tnh ton cc Sheet trong Workbook ang m
Shift+F9 Alt+= Ctrl+; Ctrl+Shift+: Ctrl+K Ctrl+Shift+
Cp nht tnh ton trong sheet hin hnh Chn cng thc AutoSum Cp nht ngy thng Nhp thi gian Chn mt Hyperlink Chp gi tr ca pha trn vo v tr con tr ca hin hnh
Ctrl+
Chp gi tr ca pha trn vo v tr con tr ca hin hnh
Ctrl+A
Hin th Formula Palette sau khi nhp mt tn hm vo cng thc
Ctrl+Shift+A
Chn du ( ) v cc i s ca hm sau khi nhp tn hm vo cng thc
nh dng d liu Phm tt Ctrl+1 Ctrl+Shift+~ ngha Hin th lnh Cell trong menu Format nh dng s kiu General
205
Ctrl+Shift+$
nh dng s kiu Curency vi hai ch s thp phn
Ctrl+Shift+%
nh dng s kiu Percentage (khng c ch s thp phn)
Ctrl+Shift+^
nh dng s kiu Exponential vi hai ch s thp phn
Ctrl+Shift+# Ctrl+Shift+?
nh dng kiu Data cho ngy, thng, nm nh dng kiu Numer vi hai ch s thp phn
Ctrl+Shift+& Ctrl+Shift+ Ctrl+B Ctrl+I Ctrl+U Ctrl+5 Ctrl+9 Ctrl+Shift+( 8.2 Th thut
Thm ng vin ngoi B ng vin Bt tt ch m, khng m Bt tt ch nghing, khng nghing Bt tt ch gch di Bt tt ch gch gia khng gch gia n dng Hin th dng n
1. Dch s tin v ch (Chuyn s thnh ch) Bc 1. M tp tin cn chuyn >> Nhn t hp phm Alt + F11 m trnh son tho VBA ca Excell
206
Bc 2. Nhp chut phi ln VBA Project >> Insert >> Module >> v dn on m bn di vo ca s ca Module mi chn
Function ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(ByVal MyNumber) Dim Temp Dim Dollars, Cents Dim DecimalPlace, Count ReDim Place(9) As String Place(2) = " Nghin " Place(3) = " Trieu " Place(4) = " Ty " Place(5) = " Ngan ty " ' Convert MyNumber to a string, trimming extra spaces. MyNumber = Trim(Str(MyNumber)) ' Find decimal place. DecimalPlace = InStr(MyNumber, ".") ' f we fin ecimal place
If DecimalPlace > 0 Then ' Convert cents Temp = Left(Mid(MyNumber, DecimalPlace + 1) & "00", 2) Cents = ConvertTens(Temp) ' Strip off cents from remainder to convert. MyNumber = Trim(Left(MyNumber, DecimalPlace - 1)) End If Count = 1 Do While MyNumber <> "" ' Convert last 3 digits of MyNumber to English dollars. 207
Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam Temp = ConvertHundreds(Right(MyNumber, 3)) If Temp <> "" Then Dollars = Temp & Place(Count) & Dollars If Len(MyNumber) > 3 Then ' Remove last 3 converted digits from MyNumber. MyNumber = Left(MyNumber, Len(MyNumber) - 3) Else MyNumber = "" End If Count = Count + 1 Loop ' Clean up dollars. Select Case Dollars Case "" Dollars = "khong Nghin" Case "One" Dollars = "Mot Nghin" Case Else Dollars = Dollars & " Nghin" End Select ' Clean up cents. Select Case Cents Case "" Cents = " va khong Dong" Case "One" Cents = " va mot Dong" Case Else 208
Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam Cents = " va " & Cents & " Dong" End Select ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese = Dollars & Cents End Function Private Function ConvertHundreds(ByVal MyNumber) Dim Result As String ' Exit if there is nothing to convert. If Val(MyNumber) = 0 Then Exit Function ' Append leading zeros to number. MyNumber = Right("000" & MyNumber, 3) ' Do we have a hundreds place digit to convert? If Left(MyNumber, 1) <> "0" Then Result = ConvertDigit(Left(MyNumber, 1)) & " Tram " End If ' Do we have a tens place digit to convert? If Mid(MyNumber, 2, 1) <> "0" Then Result = Result & ConvertTens(Mid(MyNumber, 2)) Else ' If not, then convert the ones place digit. Result = Result & ConvertDigit(Mid(MyNumber, 3)) End If ConvertHundreds = Trim(Result) End Function Private Function ConvertTens(ByVal MyTens) Dim Result As String ' Is value between 10 and 19? 209
Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam If Val(Left(MyTens, 1)) = 1 Then Select Case Val(MyTens) Case 10: Result = "Muoi" Case 11: Result = "Muoi mot" Case 12: Result = "Muoi hai" Case 13: Result = "Muoi ba" Case 14: Result = "Muoi bon" Case 15: Result = "Muoi lam" Case 16: Result = "Moi sau" Case 17: Result = "Muoi bay" Case 18: Result = "Muoi tam" Case 19: Result = "Muoi chin" Case Else End Select Else ' .. otherwise its between 20 an 99. Select Case Val(Left(MyTens, 1)) Case 2: Result = "Hai muoi " Case 3: Result = "Ba muoi " Case 4: Result = "Bon muoi " Case 5: Result = "Nam muoi " Case 6: Result = "Sau muoi " Case 7: Result = "Bay muoi " Case 8: Result = "Tam muoi " Case 9: Result = "Chin muoi " Case Else 210
Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam End Select ' Convert ones place digit. Result = Result & ConvertDigit(Right(MyTens, 1)) End If ConvertTens = Result End Function Private Function ConvertDigit(ByVal MyDigit) Select Case Val(MyDigit) Case 1: ConvertDigit = "Mot" Case 2: ConvertDigit = "Hai" Case 3: ConvertDigit = "Ba" Case 4: ConvertDigit = "Bon" Case 5: ConvertDigit = "Nam" Case 6: ConvertDigit = "Sau" Case 7: ConvertDigit = "Bay" Case 8: ConvertDigit = "Tam" Case 9: ConvertDigit = "Chin" Case Else: ConvertDigit = "" End Select End Function
Bc 3. Nhn phm Alt + F11 mt ln na v nhn Ctrl + S save li ton b ti liu. Bc 4. n y, bn c th s dng cng thc =ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(B3) chuyn i tin t t s v ch (vi B3 l s tin bng ch s ) V d: B3 c gi tr l: 123456 th k t qu =ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(B3) tr v l Mot Tram Hai muoi Ba Nghin Bon Tram Nam muoi Sau Nghin va khong Dong
211
2. Giu bng tnh Excel chuyn nghip

Trong cng vic vn phng, nu bn cn giu mt bng tnh trong ti liu Excel m khng mun ngi khc dng lnh Format > Sheet > Unhide xem bng tnh, m theo cch thng thng khi bn dng lnh Format > Sheet > Hide giu cc bng tnh (nu khng c bo v bng mt khu) th ch cn ngi khng chuyn thi cng c th dng lnh Format > Sheet > UnHide lm cho n hin ra bng tnh ri.
Nhng khi bn p dng th thut ny th bng tnh ca bn s c an ton hn rt nhiu v y cng l mt "phng n" mi cc bn c tham kho v c thm c nhiu s la chon trong cng vic ca mnh Cc thc hin nh sau: Trong bng tnh cn c bo mt, bn hy nhn ALT+F11 m ca s Microsoft Visual Basic ra. Trong ca s Project VBA Project, nhp p vo VBA Project, tip tc nhp p vo Microsoft Excel Objects m cc bng tnh trong ti liu sau ri chn bng tnh m bn mun giu -> ri nhn F4. Trong ty chn Visible bn nhp vo du tam gic chn 2-xlSheetVeryHidden, cui cng ng Microsoft Visual Basic ny li v xem kt qu th no Khi no mun bng tnh hin ra tr li, th bn ch cn thc hin li cc thao tc trn v chn -1-xlSheetVisible l c.
3. Kha v bo v nhng c cha cng thc Chiu ny gip bn cho php ngi khc thay i cc c cha d liu, nhng cm h thay i cc cha cng thc. Bn cng c th bo v cc c cha cng thc m khng cn phi bo v ton b trang tnh ca bn.
212
Khi to mt bng tnh, thng chng ta s phi dng n mt s cng thc, v khi chia s bng tnh cho m i ngi, c th bn mu n rng, khng ai c th can thip (xa, sa...) nhng vo nhng c cha cng thc. Cch d nht l cng ph bi n nht l Protect (bo v) bng tnh. Tuy nhin, Protect bng tnh khng ch ngn khng cho can thip vo cc cha cng thc, m n khng cho can thip vo tt c, ngha l khng ai c th lm g bng tnh ca bn. i khi, bn li khng mu n nh vy, bn ch mu n bo v cc cha cng thc thi, cn nhng cha d liu th khng. C ba gii php th c hin iu ny: Kha nhng cha cng thc, s dng chc nng Data-validation cho cc cha cng thc, v t ng bt tt chc nng bo v. Kha cc cha cng thc Theo mc nh, tt c cc trong bng tnh u c kha (locked), tuy nhin, n chng c tc dng g tr phi bn p dng lnh Protect bng tnh. y l cch d nht p dng lnh Protect cho bng tnh, nhng ch nhng cha cng thc th mi b kha, v c bo v: Ch n ton b bng tnh, bng cch nhn Ctrl+A, hoc nhn vo ci vung nm giao im ca ct A v hng 1. Ri nhn nt phi chut v ch n Format Cells, ri trong tab Protection, b nh du ty ch n Locked, ri nhn OK:
213
M kha (Unlock) ton b bng tnh bng cch b ty chn Locked Sau , bn ch n i mt no , ch n Home Find & Select Go To Special; hoc nhn Ctrl+G hay F5 ri nhn vo nt Special.... Hp thoi sau y s m ra:
214
Dng hp thoi Go To Special chn cc c cha cng thc Trong hp thoi , bn nhn vo ty ch n Formulas, v n u cn thi t th ch n hoc khng ch n thm 4 nh di (lit k cc loi cng thc, mc nh th c 4 ny u c ch n), v nhn OK. Sau , bn m li hp thoi Format Cells ni trn, nhng ln ny th bn nh du vo ty ch n Locked, v n u bn thch n lun cng thc (khng cho thy) th nh du vo ty ch n Hidden, nhn OK. Vic cu i cng l Protect bng tnh: Ch n Home trn Ribbon, nhn vo Format trong nhm Cells, ri nhn vo Protect Sheet...; hoc ch n Review trn Ribbon, ri nhn vo Protect Sheet [E2003: Tools | Protection | Protect Worksheet]:
215
Chn Protect Sheet t Home
Chn Protect Sheet t Review Trong hp thoi Protect Sheet, b nh du ty ch n Select locked cells, ch cho php Select unlocked cells (ch n nhng khng kha), v nhp vo mt password, n u cn thi t:
216
B ty chn Select locked cells trong hp thoi Protect Sheet Vy l xong. T by gi, nhng cha cng thc ca bn s c bo v, c th khng xem thy c n u bn ch n Hidden, bn khng lo nhng cng thc ny b can thip na. S dng Data-validation S dng Data-validation, ch l n gin khng cho ghi vo nhng c cha cng thc, ngha l khng cho sa cng thc. Tuy nhin, phng php ny ch phng nga cho chnh bn, ngha l trnh vic ty my sa li ci g trong nhng cha cng thc, ch tht ra, mc d c "Validation", bn vn c th xa cng thc, hoc dn vo nhng bt k d liu no bn thch... Ni chung n khng bo v c g nhiu. Nhng cng xin ni s qua v phng php ny: th c hin, bn hy ch n nhng cha cng thc bng chc nng Go To Specials m ti ni trn. Ri, vi nhng cha cng thc ang c ch n, bn g i Data Validation t menu Data trn Ribbon [E2003: Data | Validation]. Trong hp thoi ny, ch n tab Settings, ch n Custom cho khung Allow, v nhp cng thc ny: =" " vo khung Formula, ri nhn OK, nh hnh sau:
217
S dng Data Validation bo v nhng cha cng thc K t y, mi khi bn nhp bt k th g vo trong nhng cha cng thc, hoc bn mu n sa li cng thc, s c mt cnh bo xut hin, ngn khng cho bn nhp vo. Xin nhc li, phng php ny khng cm vic xa hn cng thc, cng nh dn th g vo nhng cha cng thc. T ng bt tt chc nng bo v Phng php ny, s t ng bt chc nng bo v bng tnh (Protect) mi khi bn ch n mt c kha (locked), nhng n cng s t ng tt chc nng bo v khi bn ch n mt khng b kha. bt u, bn hy chc chn rng nhng bn mu n bo v ( cha cng thc) c kha, cn nhng khng cn bo v th khng b kha, nh ti trnh by phng php th nht. Sau , bn nhn Alt+F11, nhn vo Sheet m bn mu n bo v cc kha trong , ri nhp vo trong khung son tho on code sau y:
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range) If Target.Locked = True Then Me.Protect Password:="Secret" Else Me.Unprotect Password:="Secret" End If
218

End Sub
Nu khng cn n password, bn khng cn ng on Password:="Secret", hoc nu mun Password l th g khc, bn sa li ch Secret bng ci bn mun. Nu bn lo rng ngi ta c th vo trong khung son tho VBA xem password, bn c th bo v cc code ny (khng cho xem) bng cch chn Tools VBAProject Properties, chn tab Properties, chn Lock Project for Viewing, v nhp vo mt password. Tuy nhin, phng php ny cng khng hot ng hon ho, mc n cng gi p bn c phn no vic bo v cc cng thc. T kha Target c s dng trong on code s ch tham chiu n ang "active" ngay ti thi im n c chn (xin ni thm, cho d bn chn mt dy, nhng trong y , ch c mt "active" m thi, l ang c mu khc vi nhng cn li). V l do ny, nu mt ngi no chn mt dy cc (vi "active" khng b kha), th ngi c th xa ton b dy ny, bi v khi th chc nng Unprotect c t ng bt!
4. S dng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngun nm trong mt Sheet khc

S dng Data-Validation l mt cch d nht p dng mt quy tc nhp liu cho mt dy d liu. Theo mc nh, Excel ch cho php Data-Validation s dng nhng danh sch ngun nm trong cng mt Sheet vi dy d liu s c p dng quy tc ny. Tuy nhin, vn c cch lch khi chuyn . Chiu ny s gip bn lm cho Data-Validation c th s dng nhng danh sch ngun nm trong mt Sheet khc. Cch th nht l li dng chnh vic t tn cho mt dy ca Excel, cch th hai l s dng mt hm gi ra anh sch . Cch 1: S dng Name cho dy ngun C l cch nhanh nht v d nht vt qua ro cn Data-Validation ca Excel l t tn cho dy m bn s dng lm quy tc nhp liu. bit cch t tn cho dy, bn xem lot bi ny: S dng tn cho dy. Gi s bn t tn cho dy s dng lm quy tc nhp liu l MyRange. Bn chn (hoc dy) trong bt kz Sheet no m bn mun c mt danh sch x ra nhp liu, ri trong menu Data trn Ribbon, bn chn Data Tools | Data Validation [E2003: Data | Validation]. Chn List trong danh sch cc Allow, v trong khung Source, bn nhp vo =MyRange. Nhn OK. Bi v bn s dng mt Name lm List, nn bn c th p dng Data-Validation ny cho bt kz Sheet no.
219
Cch 2: S dng hm INDIRECT Hm INDIRECT() cho php bn tham chiu n cha d liu text i din cho mt a ch . V ri bn c th s dng nh mt tham chiu cc b, cho d n tham chiu n d liu trong mt Sheet khc. Bn c th s dng tnh nng ny tham chiu n ni cha dy m bn s dng lm danh sch ngun cho quy tc Data-Validation. Gi s, dy cha danh sch ngun ny nm Sheet1, trong dy $A$1:$A$8. to mt DalaValidation, bn cng lm nhng bc nh ti ni cch 1, nhng thay v g tn y vo trong Source, th bn nhp vo cng thc: =INDIRECT("Sheet1!$A$1:$A$8"). Hy chc chn rng ty chn In-cell drop-down ang c kch hot, v nhn OK.
220
Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam Nu tn Sheet ca bn c cha khong trng, hoc c du ting Vit, bn phi t tn Sheet trong mt cp nhy n ('). V d, gi s tn Sheet cha danh sch ngun l Sheet 1 (ch khng phi Sheet1), th bn sa cng thc trn li nh sau: =INDIRECT("'Sheet 1'!$A$1:$A$8"). Ch khc nhau so vi cng thc hi ny l c thm mt du nhy n (') sau u nhy kp ("), v mt du nhy n (') na trc du chm than (!). Xin m mt ngoc n: Nu nh c th c, khi gp nhng tham chiu n tn Sheet, bn nn tp thi quen lun lun b n vo trong cp du nhy n. iu ny, tuy chng c tc dng g vi nhng tn sheet nh Sheet1, D HH... nhng n s gip bn khng bao gi gp li, khi bn hay t tn Sheet c khong trng, hay l c b du ting Vit... u im v Khuyt im ca c hai cch nu trn t tn cho y, v ng hm ND RECT, u c ci tin li v c ci bt tin. Tin li ca vic t tn cho dy, l vic bn thay i tn Sheet chng c nh hng g n DataVali ation. V chnh l ci bt tin ca vic dng INDIRECT, khi bn i tn Sheet, tn mi s khng t ng cp nht trong cng thc dng INDIRECT, cho nn nu vn mun dng cng thc ny, bn phi m Data-Validation ra v sa li tn Sheet trong cng thc. Tin li ca vic dng INDIRECT, l dy dng lm danh sch ngun ca bn lun lun nm yn ch chn (A1:A8 trong v d trn chng hn). Cn nu bn dng Name, m bn l tay xa mt vi hng (hoc ct) ngay ch cha Name, th bn phi iu chnh li cho ng...
5. iu khin Conditional Formating bng checkbox. Mc d Conditional Formating l 1 trong nhng chiu mnh ca Excel, nhng mu n b t hay tt n bng ribbon hay menu th kh b c bi. By gi ta bi n ho bng cch iu khin bng 1 checkbox gi ng nh 1 cng tc (hoc 1 ci toggle Button cng gi ng hn). Conditional Formating c t i Excel 97, gn nh dng cho nhng no tho 1 s iu kin no . iu kin c th l 1 iu kin v gi tr, nhng ta c th tu bi n nhiu hn khi dng iu kin l cng thc, d a vo ta c th thay i nh dng cho nhng ny, khi c s thay i gi tr ca khc. 1. Dng 1 Checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button xem v n d liu: Bn mu n mt vng d liu no ch hin ra lc cn xem, xem xong th bi n i cho rnh. Trc tin bn phi gn ln sheet 1 Checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button. Trong Excel 2010, vo tab Developer, nhn Insert trong Controls - ch n Checkbox hoc Toggle Button trong Control
221
Toolbox, trong Excel 2003 ch n trong view Toolbar Control Toolbox, v ln sheet 1 ci. Trong hnh, ti lm th 2 ci.
................. Nhn vo nt design, click ch n ci control bn va v, nhn thm nt Property. Trong ca s Property, sa dng Caption thnh View/ Hide, sa dng Linked Cell thnh $C$2. (c 2010 v 2003 nh nhau, c checkbox v Toggle Button nh nhau).
222
By gi khi bn click ch n checkbox hoc nhn nt Toggle, C2 s ln lt c cc gi tr TRUE v FALSE.
.................. By gi gi s vng d liu ca bn gm 4 fields, trong bn ch mu n 3 fields hin thng xuyn, cn field th 4 th khi no cn mi hin ra xem, khng cn th du i. Bn nh du ch n vng cha field 4, trong 2010 bn vo tab Home, Conditional Formating, New Rule, ch n ti p use a formula to determine which cells to format, trong 2003 l Fornat Conditional Formating - ch n ti p Formula is. Trong k b n, bn g: = $C$2=FALSE.
223
Nhn vo nt Format, nh dng font ch mu trng. Nhn OK v OK. Nhn nt design 1 ln na thot ta khi ch design Mode. V nhn nt toggle hoc click ch n ci checkbox xem k t qu.
224
............ N u bn khng thch th nh dng C2 ch trng lun, khi thy ch TRUE, FALSE hin ln. 2. Tt m nh dng mu cho : Dng Conditional Formating nhm t mu theo iu kin gip ta d tm c nhng c gi tr c bit cho trc. Excel 2010 c nhiu nh dng khc nhau cho gi tr s nm trong khong cho trc. Nhng bin php m tt bng checkbox l khng c sn.
225
Tng t nh phn trn, ta to ra 1 checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button link ti $C$2. Nhng ln ny ta t name cho n l IsFill chng hn. Ta cng t name cho $A$2 l BeginNum v $B$2 l EndNum, vi A2 l gii hn di th d 100, v B2 l gii hn trn th d 1.000. Trong vng d liu B5:B16, ta mu n gi tr no nm trong khong BeginNum v EndNum s c t mu. Vy dng conditional Formating nh trn, ch n vng C8:C18, ln ny cng thc l: =AND($C8>=BeginNum,$C8<=EndNum,IsFill) Ch n cho n 1 nh dng mu theo mu n. K t qu: khi nhn button hoc click checkbox thay i trng thi thnh True, cc cha s trong khong (100, 1.000) s c t mu, cc cn li khng t. Khi thay i thnh False, cc tr li bnh thng. ng thi, v bn t cng thc lin quan n BeginNum v EndNum, nn khi thay i 2 s ny, k t qu t mu cng thay i.
226
............ Bn thy y, n u bn cha xem bi ny m thy 1 file tng t ca ngi khc, bn c th lm tng ngi ta s dng code ca VBA.
227
6. nh du nhng cha cng thc bng Conditional Formatting Khi mt c cha d liu, bn c th mu n bi t d liu trong n thun l d liu nhp vo, hay d liu l k t qu ca 1 cng thc. Bn c th ch cn click ch n v xem trn thanh cng thc. Bn cng c th dng phm tt Ctrl + ~ chuyn qua li gia ch xem gi tr v xem cng thc. Chiu s 19 ny s gii thiu vi bn 1 hm t to, k t hp vi Conditional Formatting nh du cha cng thc. Bng cch ny c th gip bn tm ra tt c nhng cha cng thc trong s 10.000 m khng phi ng tng mt. Mc d bn c th dng 1 hm c sn ca Macro4 trong Conditional Formatting, nh sau: Trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting, ch n cng thc, g cng thc ny: = CELL(type,A1). Nhng hn ch ca vic dng hm Cell() l cng thc s t tnh li mi khi c s thay i nh xu trong bng tnh. V Cell() l 1 hm thuc loi volatile. Khi Excel tnh li Cell() cho 10.000 nh trn s khi n cho bn b c mnh v ch i. Do bn hy dng tuyt chiu sau y, n gin, d lm v khng phi hm loi volatile: Bn hy nhn Alt F11 vo ca s VBA, nhn chut phi vo This Workbook insert vo 1 module. Nhp on code sau vo khung son tho:
Function IsFormula (CheckCells As Range) IsFormula = CheckCells.HasFormula End Function
Do tnh cht ca Property HasFormula, hm bn mi to s tr v cc gi tr lun l{ True, False. Ngha l khi bn g vo bt kz cng thc = IsFormula(A1) s cho kt qu True nu A1 cha cng thc v cho kt qu False nu A1 cha gi tr. ng ca s VBA li, tr v bng tnh. By gi nh u ton b vng d liu ca bn (c th chn ra mt s ct v dng, phng khi bn cp nht thm d liu) sao cho A1 l hin hnh. Bng cch nh chiu s 18, bn vo c ch cn thit g cng thc trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting, v g vo: = sFormula(A1), sau nh dng t mu hoc i mu ch cho khc nhng cn li. Sau khi nhn OK bn s c kt qu l tt c nhng cha cng thc s c t mu. Nu bn thm hoc thay i 1 , nu tr thnh cng thc th lp tc i mu. 228
Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam i khi bn khng thy kt qu, v anh Bill lanh chanh v chm hiu, anh ta cho rng cng thc s dng hm ca bn l 1 text nn nh t sa thnh : = sFormula(A1). Vy bn phi vo ch c sa li. By gi mi khi bn sa hoc thm 1 tr thnh cng thc, s c mu. ngc li, nu bn sa 1 cng thc thnh gi tr hoc thm gi tr vo 1 , s khng c mu.
7. S dng chc nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng mong mun. Khi nhp d liu hay khi sao chp v dn d liu t ngun khc vo Excel th cc k t khng mong mu n s xut hin trong ton b bng tnh ca bn. S dng chiu ny bn c th khc phc c nhng rc r i khi g b cc k t khng mong mu n bng tay. Chc nng thay th (replace) trong Excel c th gip bn g b cc k t khng mong mu n trong bng tnh, nhng phi qua mt vi bc ph. V d nh, bn c th thay th nhng k t khng mong mu n bng chui rng t a nh n cha h tn ti. Mu n vy bn cn bi t m ca tng k t m bn mu n g b. Tt c cc k t u mang mt m ring v Excel s cho bn bi t n l g khi bn s dng hm CODE. Hm CODE s tr v mt m s cho k t u tin trong mt chui. M ny tng ng k t m my tnh ca bn thi t lp. th c hin iu ny, ch n mt trong cc c cha nhng k t khng mong mu n. T thanh cng thc, bi en k t v sao chp k t . Ti p theo ch n tr ng bt k (A1 chng hn) v dn k t vo ch n (A1). Ti khc, nhp cng thc sau: =CODE($A$1) Cng thc ny tr v m ca k t khng mong mu n. Ch n ton b d liu ca bn, ch n Home Editing Find & Select Replace (vi phin bn trc Excel 2010: ch n Edit Replace), khung Find what: nhn phim Alt v g s 0 km theo code a ra bi cng thc trn. N u m s l 163 th nhn Alt v nhn 0163. (Hoc bn c th con tr chut ti c k t khng mong mu n, sao chp k t v dn vo Find what cng c)
229
B tr ng khung Replace With v nhn Replace all. Vic lm ny s xa b tt c nhng k t khng mong mu n rt nhanh qua vic d tm m k t . Lp li cc bc trn cho mi k t khng mong mu n ti p theo. 8. Chuyn i con s dng vn bn sang s thc
Cc gi tr s (number) trong Excel c mc nh canh l phi v vn bn (text) th canh l tri. Do vy, cch n gin nhn bit cc gi tr s v vn bn trong mt ct trn bng tnh l bn thit lp ch canh l mc nh cho ct . Bn vo Home nhm Alignment ch n Format Cells vo Tab Alignment chn General ti hp Horizontal thit lp vic canh l mc nh cho ct ang chn nhn OK ng hp thoi Format Cells li.
Bn ko ct rng ra mt t phn bit vic canh l, khi bn s thy cc gi tr s, ngy thng s c canh l phi v vn bn s c canh l tri. Dng Paste Special chuyn gi tr s dng vn bn sang s thc y l cch nhanh v dng nht chuyn cc gi tr s ang vn bn sang s thc. Cc bc thc hin nh sau: Chn mt trng no v nhn lnh Copy (Ctrl + C) qut ch n vng s liu dng vn bn nh chuyn i (v d nh vng A1:A9 hnh trn) nhp phi chut v chn Paste Special ch n Add ti nhm Operation nhn OK hon tt.
230
Vic lm trn s gip chuyn ton s cc con s dng vn bn sang s thc, v rng c gi tr l 0 v khi bn cng bt kz s no vo mt con s lu i dng vn bn trong Excel th bn lm cho con s dng vn bn chuyn thnh s thc. Dng cc hm TEXT chuyn i Bn c th p dng nguyn tc nh cch trn vo mt s hm c sn ca Excel thc hin vic chuyn i. Thng thng, khi bn dng mt hm thuc nhm TEXT v kt qu tr v i dng con s th Excel vn xem con s l gi tr dng vn bn. Gi s bn c mt vng d liu A1:A7 nh hnh sau:
Bn ng hai hm trong nhm TE T l LEFT v F ND tch cc gi tr ra khi cc chui vn bn nh sau:
231
=LEFT(A1,FIND(" ",A1)-1) Sau khi ng hm tch phn gi tr ra th cc kt qu tr v vn c Excel xem nh l vn bn v ch ng c canh l tri nh hnh sau: Do vy, bn cn phi hiu chnh cng thc tc chui trn mt t kt qu tr v l cc con s thc s bng cch cng thm s 0 vo sau cng thc trn: =LEFT(A1,FIND(" ",A1)-1) + 0
9.
Tng thm s ln Undo cho Excel
Tt c chng ta u quen thuc vi chc nng Undo ca Excel, cho php chng ta lm li nhng sai lm ca mnh. Tuy nhin, mc nh, chng ta ch c th Undo c 16 ln. Chiu ny gip bn c th tng s ln Undo ln nhiu hn, c th n 100 ln. Khi bn s dng chc nng Undo ca Excel, v bn th c hin Undo 16 ln, th nt Undo b m i, khng th Undo c na. Ngoi ra, khi bn nhn nt Save lu bng tnh, th nt Undo cng b m i, v danh sch nhng tc v (nhng hnh ng th c hin trn bng tnh) m bn th c hin b mt sch. l do khi bn lu bng tnh, Excel cho rng bn hi lng vi bng tnh ny (th mi nhn Save), v n thy rng khng cn thi t phi gi li danh sch nhng tc v trc khi lu na. Bn c th thy rng, quay lui li 16 ln l khng , nhng lm cch no tng s ln ny ln? Ngha l lm cch no tng danh sch cc tc v ca bn ln? Tha rng, c cch, v bn c th tng con s ny ln n 100 ln.
232
lm iu ny, trc h t, bn hy thot khi Excel. Sau bn chy lnh Run ca Windows (Start | Run, hoc nhn phm Window + R), g vo Regedit.exe v nhn OK.
Khi bn m c chng trnh Regedit, hy tm n kha: HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Office \ 11.0 \ Excel \ Options Con s 11.0 trn y c th khc, v d vi Excel2000 th n l 10.0, vi Excel 2010 th n l 12.0
233
Nhn Edit | New | DWORD Value (xem hnh). Mt mc mi New Value #1 s c to ra trong khung bn phi, bn nhp vo ch UndoHistory, v nhn Enter.
234
Nhn p (double-click) vo mc UndoHistory mi to, ri g vo hp thoi m ra mt con s bt k, min l ln hn 16 v nh hn 100. Nhn OK, ri thot Regedit.
Bn hy khi ng li Excel v th lm g trong , ri nhn vo nt Undo xem bn c th Undo c bao nhiu ln nh. Hy v ng rng Undo 100 ln, l qu cho b n. Tuy nhin, n u bn nhn lu bng tnh, th danh sch cc tc v c th Undo
235
10.
Tch h v tn trong cng mt ct trn bng tnh Excel
Bc 1: Khi nhp liu vo bng tnh Excel, thng thng ta nhp c h v tn vo cng mt . Tuy nhin, c khi sau ta cn phi tch ring tn ra khi h v tn m, n u lm th cng bng thao tc sao chp ri dn qua khc th s rt bt tin. N u s dng hm Right k t hp vi mt vi hm khc th cng c th cho ra k t qu nh bn mu n, nhng trong mt s trng hp s cho k t qu khng chnh xc. C mt phng php t i u hn s gip bn hon thnh t t cng vic ny, cch th c hin cng kh n gin nh sau: Bc 2: - Trn bng tnh cha ct h tn cn tch, nhn Alt+F11 Bc 3: - Ti p theo, bn nhn menu Insert v ch n Module s xut hin mt ca s son tho.
Bc 4: Bn nhp on m lnh sau vo ca s son tho:

Private Function Tachten(ten As String, lg As Integer) Dim j As Integer Name = Trim(ten) For j = Len(Name) To 1 Step -1 If Mid(Name, j, 1) = " " Then If lg = "1" Then Tachten = Right(Name, Len(Name) - j) Else Tachten = Left(Name, j) End If Exit For
236

End If Next End Function
Bc 5:- Bn nhn Ctrl+S lu li v quay tr v bng tnh Excel. Bc 6:- By gi ti n hnh tch ring h v tn m vo mt mi, bn t con tr ti mi cha h v tn m ri nhp vo cng thc =TachTen(B3,0) v nhn Enter s thy ngay k t qu. - tch ring tn vo mt mi, bn t con tr ti s cha tn cn tch v nhp vo cng thc =TachTen(B3,1) ri nhn Enter l xo ng. Ghi ch: B3 chnh l a ch ca ban u cha c h , tn m v tn. 11. To mc lc trong Excel
Nu bn tn qu nhiu thi gian trong mt workbook (bng tnh) vi rt nhiu worksheet (trang tnh), bn s cm thng c s kh khn trong vic tm kim mt trang tnh no . Khi , c l ta nn lp mt ch mc cc trang tnh ang c thun tin cho vic iu hng trong bng tnh. Bng cch s dng mt ch mc cc trang tnh s cho php bn nhanh chng v d dng iu hng trong bng tnh, ch bng mt c nhp chut s a bn n chnh xc ni bn mun n m khng lo b nhm ln. Bn c th to mt ch mc trong mt vi cch: bng tay, t ng to ra bi m VBA, hoc l s dng trnh n ty chn theo ng cnh (thm ch c th dng cc hm Macro4 khng trnh by y). To ch mc th cng Cch ny rt d lm, bn ch cn chn mi mt worksheet v t cho n mt ci tn, v d nh tn l Index. Sau , bn nhn vo tn ca cc worksheet c trong workbook v to cc siu lin kt (hyperlink) n cc worksheet tng ng vi tn m bn nhp. to hyperlink bn chn tn sheet, sau vo Insert | chn Hyperlink ti nhm Links | Insert | Hyperlinks] hoc nhn phm tt l Ctrl+K m hp thoi Insert Hyperlink.
237
Chn Place in This Document v chn tn Sheet mun kt ni ti. Nhn nt OK hon tt. Phng php ny ph hp khi bng tnh khng c qu nhiu worksheet v tn worksheet khng c s thay i thng xuyn, nu khng s gy ra nhiu kh khn cho cng tc bo tr trang ch mc. To ch mc t ng bng cch s dng VBA Mt cch thay th khc l s dng VBA t ng to ra cc ch mc. on m sau y s t ng to ra mt bng ch mc lin kt n tt c cc worksheet m bn c trong workbook. Bng ch mc ny s c to li mi khi worksheet lu ch mc c chn. on m ny phi c t trong private module ca Sheet cha ch. Chn mt worksheet mi vo workbook v t tn cho n l Index chng hn. Nhp chut phi vo tn worksheet va to v chn ViewCode t trnh n ng cnh hoc nhn t hp phm Alt+F11. Nhp on m VBA sau vo ca s Code:
Private Sub Worksheet_Activate() Dim wSheet As Worksheet Dim lCount As Long lCount = 1
238

With Me .Columns(1).ClearContents .Cells(1, 1) = "INDEX" End With For Each wSheet In Worksheets If wSheet.Name <> Me.Name Then lCount = lCount + 1 With wSheet .Range("A1").Name = "Start" & wSheet.Index .Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=.Range("A1"), Address:="", SubAddress:= _ "Index", TextToDisplay:="Back to Index" End With
Me.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=Me.Cells(lCount, 1), Address:="", SubAddress:= _ "Start" & wSheet.Index, TextToDisplay:=wSheet.Name End If Next wSheet End Sub
Nhn t hp phm Alt+Q thot VBE v tr v ca s bng tnh, sau lu bng tnh li. chy on m va to, bn dng chut chn sang worksheet khc trong workbook v sau chn li worksheet Index kch hot s kin Worksheet_Activate. Lu rng, on m s cc t tn (Name) cho cc A1 mi worksheet km theo s ch mc ca worksheet trong bng tnh (worksheet u tin c ch mc l 1, k l 2, 3. n). iu ny bo m rng A1 trn mi trang tnh c mt tn khc nhau. Nu A1 trn worksheet ca bn c t tn, bn nn cn nhc n vic thay i A1 trong on m sang mt a ch khc ph hp hn. Lu , nu bn c thit lp Hyperlink base (siu lin kt c s) trong workbook th cc hyperlink c to ra t on m trn s khng th hot ng c, do chng lin kt n cc Name trong workbook hin hnh. Khi thuc tnh hyperlink base c thit lp th cc siu lin kt s tr n hyperlink base kt hp vi cc Name.
239

Giao Trinh Excel 2010

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Giao Trinh Excel 2010

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010 .................................................................................. 7

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Thm tnh nng Sparkline

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Sparkline l cch hu ch thm mt y u t tr c quan nhanh v g n.

Tnh nng Slicers

Khi d liu trong bng tr (Pivot Table) thay i, Slicer s t ng c cp nht.

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

nh dng d liu c iu kin

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Cc thnh phn ca Workbook

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Cc lnh trong th c n Office

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Bng l a ch n lnh truy cp nhanh

Thanh cng c Ribbon

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s nhn vi cc tng ng ca vng ngun.

Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s chia cho cc tng ng ca vng ngun

. Khng dn cc rng vng ngun vo c gi tr vng ch

Transpose Paste Link

Dn vo v o dng thnh ct hoc ngc li Dn vo v tham chi u ch n ngun

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

cha khong trng v du chm, tn phi bt u l k t khng c bt u l s , tn

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

qu nhiu sheet th bn hy nhp phi chut vo thanh

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Cc phm tt di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Minh h a c nh cc tiu b c nh th vo View Window Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

V d chn vo Hy lnh (Undo), phc hi lnh (Redo), lp li lnh sau cng

hay dng phm <Ctrl+Z>

hay dng phm <Ctrl+Y>

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam

Phin bn th nghim Lu hnh ni b - Microsoft Vietnam